网络环境下农村中学作文教学方式的利弊分析
摘 要：现代信息技术的迅猛发展，互联网，特别是校园网的不断发展和完善，推动了教育手段和教学方法的改革，网络作文教学也应运而生，网络作文教学优势突出：大信息量为教师“精讲”提供了现代科技的保障；巨大的网络资源，超文本辐射，为学生进行网络创作提供了快捷的服务；多媒体网络作文的交互性为师生提供了互动平台；网络作文教学效果显著提高。当然，在优化课堂教学设计，加强对学生的培训、引导以及课堂驾驭等方面均有进一步研究提高的空间。
关键词：网络；作文教学；课堂驾驭
21世纪是信息技术的世纪，信息技术正在以前所未有的速度、广度和深度影响着人们的生活。正如联合国教科文组织国际21世纪教育委员会指出的那样：“新技术（现代信息技术）使人类进入了信息传播全球化的时代，它们消除了距离的障碍，正十分有效地参与塑造明日的社会。这些新技术正在我们眼前引起一场真正的革命，这场革命既影响着与生产和工作有关的活动，又影响着与教学和培训有关的活动。”的确，现在信息技术对传统的教学理念、教学模式带来了空前的挑战。如何利用信息技术对传统教学进行改革创新，这是大势所趋。随着互联网、特别是校园网的不断发展和完善，随着农村教学条件的不断改善，多媒体教学的普及，网络作文教学也应运而生。我校的省级研究课题——现代信息技术环境下的农村初中作文教学方法的研究在2010年7月年顺利结题。2011年4月，该课题荣获湖南省“十一五”现代教育技术科研成果一等奖，并且在成果总结推广会上展出。我们研究探索出的“两读、两发、两评”的网络作文教学模式，其程序就是通过网页制作在互联网上完成作文教学的读、写、评的教学流程。现代教育技术把电、光、形、声多种媒体组合起来，创造有利于学习的情境，它不仅能延伸学生的眼，还能延伸学生的耳，甚至能延伸学生的脑，优化了我们的作文教学。多年来，我们一直坚持且推广该教学模式，其优势凸显。
一、大信息量为教师“精讲”提供了现代科技的保障
北京特级教师宁鸿彬提出：“重视研究在减轻学生负担的情况下，保证和提高教学质量。”针对基础语文教育都不能摆脱“苦学”“多练”的束缚和影响，他提出精讲精练的教学思想。做到“精讲”，有教学观念的问题，有教学方法的问题，而多媒体大信息量的优势则为“精讲”提供了现代化的保障，多媒体信息量大，省时高效，借助多媒体计算机信息大的特点，能增加课堂密度，缩短教学时间，或者说在相同的时间里传送更多的信息，同时，网络设置的多维作文环境，通过听、说、视等各种感官的刺激，再现生活场景，真正意义上激发了学生作文的兴趣，为教师“精讲”增色。
二、巨大的网上资源，超文本辐射，为学生进行网络创作提供了快捷的服务
我们曾对七年级388位学生进行过作文现状的问卷调查，结果发现，有26%的学生觉得作文没东西可写，词汇方面，能恰当使用成语、歇后语、俗语、名言警句的微乎其微，仅占总数的6.25%。其主要原因是学生对周围的事和国际国内的大事表现出不关心和不太关心（此类学生占70.2%）。加之学生课外阅读时间少，阅读量不够，而阅读习惯与方法又不佳，很少做摘记等，造成知识积累严重“贫血”。学生每天面对“学校—家庭”两点一线的生活，写作素材的匮乏是学生写作水平难以提高的一个重要原因。对此，加强学生生活实践，让学生体验生活，感悟生活，从生活中获得创作的源泉，显得尤为重要，而多媒体网络技术的运用在很大程度上解决了这个问题。网络的强大信息量为学生展现了大量的信息素材，为学生的写作提供了更广泛的天地，学生学得更多、更快，大大提高了教学质量。真所谓“坐在家中看世界”。鼠标轻点，大千世界尽在眼前。写景可点击“自然风光”，叙事可点击“时事新闻”，写人物可点击“人物画廊”，写动物可搜索“动物世界”……还可根据课文内容延伸，尝试写作。这样既开阔了学生的视野，又培养了学生探索大自然的情感和写作的能力。
三、多媒体网络作文的交互性，为师生提供了互动平台
传统的作文评改，教师在学生习作本上圈圈点点、修修改改一大片，或者教师台上读，学生台下听，学生看得眼花缭乱，听得支离破碎，不以为然，评改效果不明显。利用网络评改作文，使学生“眼见为实，动手为真”。课堂评议，小组讨论，协作学习，自主学习成为课堂的主要学习方式。学生的主体性得到了最大限度的表现，学生学得兴趣高、收效大。新课程标准强调，要重视引导学生在自我修改和相互修改的过程中提高写作能力。可见，学生能评价和修改习作也是作文教学的一项重要任务。依托网络引导学生评改作文，习作互赏，可收到事半功倍的效果。
四、网络作文教学效果显著提高
2011年上学期，我们在成果推广班与普通班都随机抽样出30本学生习作，对网络作文与传统作文教学效果进行了对照比较，其统计结果如下：
从统计表中可以明显看出，通过网络作文教学的班级，学生在主题的提炼、题材的选择、语言的运用、结构的安排、表达方式的合理运用等方面均优于普通班级的学生，特别是中下水平的学生，写作水平显著提高。
不过，在尽情享受网络教学带来的愉悦的同时，我们也对网络教学中的一些不良现状产生了深深的困惑，网絡作文教学如何实现其可操作性，真正发挥其高效能作用，许多问题还需深入地研究，以待解决。
1.学生电脑操作技术水平良莠不齐。特别是在农村，其中有20%的学生并不具备利用网络获取信息的能力，或者对信息加工的能力不足，只好袖手旁观，成了观众。
2.教师难以驾驭课堂。网络作文教学必须在电脑教室进行，在开放的网络环境下操作。这样，有的学生在网络教室搜索资料时心不在焉，对教师设置的问题或小组研究的问题不是很感兴趣。而互联网站点繁多，良莠不齐，与课堂无关的东西反而吸引了学生的目光，学生思维“活”不到正点上。这给教师如何优化课堂教学设计，如何智慧驾驭课堂提出了挑战。
3.课堂常常成了电影院。教师如果只一味提供丰富的网络教学资源，将语言内容转化为丰富多彩的文字、图片、音像等媒体内容，而缺少精心设计的问题引导学生，学生在不知不觉中被丰富的网页内容所吸引，忙于频繁浏览网页内容，课堂也就成了电影院，学生也就是走马观花、雾里看花。
对于运用网络进行教学，我们要大力推广，但要注意扬长避短。
（作者单位 湖南省常德市西湖管理区第一中学）
编辑 韩 晓
作者：成迪湖
说明利弊型
Free Admission to Museums(200
9、06)
1. 越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么?
2. 也会带来一些问题;
3. 你的看法。
Free Admission to Museums
Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as there’s a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to museums, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them. However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly hinders the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums.
As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some ‘closed’ days for museums for regular maintenance. Free admission to museums becomes a long-lasting phenomenon and has sustainable development.
模板：
Nowadays, an increasing number of--------------------。The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as there’s a growing awareness-. However,-------------------- might lead to-------------------------. The most obvious problem is that------------------- .As a result,-. On the other hand,--------------------------.
As a university student, I am in favor of the-------------. For example,------------------------------. Only in this way can---------------------------.
对比型 (对于微博、 电脑等大家有不一致的看法) When it comes to……,different people have different opinions. Many people hold the view that……,For one thing…..(或On the one hand…),for the other thing….(on the other hand…) However,some people have a different attitude ,They regard (believe)that…..，In their views….,Furthermore….. As far as I am concerned, I stand on the sid
原因型(如环境污染的原因
我们要锻炼身体的原因等) Nowadays, ----- has become a serious problem in our daily life,which has aroused(唤醒)wide concern in the public. What cause it on earth(究竟)?Some reasons lie in the following aspects(以下方面)：
First of all(首先)….In the second place(其次)…..Last but not least(最后)….. In my opinion(In my viewpont)就我的观点来看,I think…..
利弊题型模版(电脑
微博
电视的利弊) Nowadays, ------ is playing an important role in our daily life. Generally, the advantages of------ can be list as follows: First, …...
Besides, …..
Most important of all, …. But every coin has two sides.(每个硬币都有正反两面
表示每件事都有正反两面) The negative aspects are also apparent.(消极方面也是明显的) To begin with, ….
To make matter worse, …. Therefore, we should take it seriously .(我们应该要认真对待它) Making full use of(充分利用)------ and reducing affected by the unhealthy aspects.
对比型 (对于微博、 电脑等大家不一致的看法)
When it comes to……,different people have different opinions. Many people hold the view that……,For one thing…..(或On the one hand…),for the other thing….(on the other hand…) However,some people have a different attitude ,They regard (believe)that…..，In their views….,Furthermore….. As far as I am concerned, I stand on the side of…..
原因型(如环境污染的原因) Nowadays, ----- has become a serious problem in our daily life,which has aroused(唤醒)wide concern in the public. What cause it on earth(究竟)?Some reasons lie in the following aspects(以下方面)：
First of all(首先)….In the second place(其次)…..Last but not least(最后)….. In my opinion(In my viewpont)就我的观点来看,I think…..
作文利弊题型模版
Nowadays, ------ is playing an important role in our daily life. Generally, the advantages of------ can be list as follows: First, …...
Besides, …..
Most important of all, …. But every coin has two sides.(每个硬币都有正反两面
表示每件事都有正反两面) The negative aspects are also apparent.(消极方面也是明显的) To begin with, ….
To make matter worse, …. Therefore, we should take it seriously .(我们应该要认真对待它) Making full use of------ and reducing affected by the unhealthy aspects.
Nowadays, with the rapid development of our society, especially the IT and information industry, cell phones are accessible and they play a dominant role in our daily life, which greatly facilitate our lives. Firstly, it’s very useful and convenient. As a wireless mobile phone, it can be easy to carry and make people reach others and be reached im
However, some people argue that the mobile phones bring some negative impacts to people’s lives as well as convenience. Firstly, to a certain extent, the mobile phones will affect interpersonal relationships. If you constantly fiddle with your mobile phone when you’re communicating with your friends or families, the mobile phone will make dialogue delay to make others feel that you lack of sincerity and even likely to cause conflict. Secondly, mobile phones will narrow the circle of life by making the traditional social models, such as family gatherings, school reunions, less important. Because mobile phones occupy too much of our time and attention, and force us to focus on them. Last but not the least, mobile phones are harmful to our health. 然而，有些人争论说手机也给人们的生活带来了一些负面的影响就像带来方便是一样的。第一，在某种程度上，手机会影响人际关系。如果你不断的摆弄的你手机当你在和你的朋友和家人交流时，手机会使对话延迟让别人觉得你没有诚意甚至引起冲突。第二，手机会缩小生活圈子使得传统的交流方式，比如，家庭聚会，同学会不那么重要。因为手机会占用我们太多的时间和注意力来迫使我们去注意它。最后一点也是非常重要的一点，手机对我们健康有害。
To sum up, moblie phones as a tool to faciliate our lives, we should use them appropriately to make convenience and reduce their negative impacts. 总结，手机作为一种促进我们生活的工具，我们应该正确的使用它，从而让它变得方便并减少它的负面影响。
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优尼全能英语：中考英语作文：学生使用手机利
弊
关于中学生使用手机利弊英语作文
假如你是李华，班会课上你们进行了以“中学生是否能佩带手机”为题目的讨论。请你结合以下材料给英语周报社的编辑写一封信，说明该情况，并附带表明你自己的观点。 Dear sir, I ‘ll writing to tell you some information of a survey with my senior middle school. 40% think middle school student can wear mobil phone, but other student are against the idea. In my opinion, middle school student should wear mobile, for it do more good than harm. For example, it is convenient if we contact our friends; if we have poser, we can solve it on internet ;sometimes, it’s impossible for us to remember more useful information, then we can put it in it; As a middle school student, we have more and more pressure, we need something to make us relax. Sure, we can play some games with it, too. As for its bad effect on our study, when it rings, Oh, I think we can adjust it to vibration. The above are my survey result, and some viewpoints of mine. Best wishes Melody
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A couple of years ago, individuals can only take courses at real schools. In other words, only when they go out to schools by themselves will they have lessons which they want to have. However in recent years, with the development of internet and education mode, online teaching has become increasingly common. This kind of teaching mode means that a
It is widely acknowledged that online teaching has its apparent merits. First and foremost, shared resources online are accessible to all people, which costs a little at the same time. This feature brings about significant benefits especially to those who fail to afford that many courses at real schools. Secondly, online teaching makes it come a reality that one is able to study at the best pace suitable for him according to his own schedule. Last but not least, studying at home without going out is much more comfortable as well as convenient to busy people in contemporary society.
Meanwhile, there is no denying that online teaching also has demerits that cannot be dismissed. For one thing, online teaching, not like face-to-face teaching, lacks interaction between teachers and students, causing teachers not to receive feedbacks from students in time. For another thing, for people who are poor at self-discipline, learning online at home will be a less effective way since they are easier to be distracted by other things. Besides, all of online teaching courses are ready-made rather than custom-made, that is to say, it is troublesome to be flexible when changes are needed.
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