通过英文儿童文学课程提升学前教育英文专业学生的英语能力
[摘 要] 高职英语(学前教育专业)培养方向具有其独特的专业特点和职业发展要求。英语学前教育专业是为国际幼儿园、双语幼儿园培养高素质的中英文双语教师。要求学生熟悉学前教育理论知识的同时，熟悉幼儿第一语言及第二语言的发展特点，还需具备英语应用能力，即英文听、说、读、写交流能力和使用英文处理与职业环境相关的能力。英文儿童文学课程可以极大地提升学生英文学习的自信心，通过学习英文文学经典，逐步提高学生全方位的英文水平。
[关 键 词] 高职;学前教育;英文儿童文学;英文交流能力
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由于英语(学前教育专业)毕业生未来职业定位在国际幼儿园或双语幼儿园，因此，英语专业(学前教育专业)学生的培养方向就具有其独特的专业特点和职业生长要求。不仅要熟悉学前教育学、学前心理学等相关专业知识，还需具备英语应用能力，即精准的英文听、说、读、写交流能力和使用英文处理与职业环境相关的能力。
一、英文专业高职学生的英文现状
由于高职学生招生免试入学条件逐渐放宽，自主招生及统招生的多样化入学，学生在知识结构、素质能力及教育背景上呈两极分化状。然而大部分学生由于来自不同的教育环境，存在英文基础知识薄弱、口语发音不标准、交流能力较差的普遍现象。英文学习的动机较弱，目标不明确，缺乏足够的兴趣，以往学习英语的受挫经历，导致学生在课堂上参与度不够，最终学习效果不佳。
二、为何要从英文儿童文学课程提升高职幼儿教育专业学生英文读写能力
学前教育专业学生的英文能力一定要适合未来工作需要即职业发展，本专业的学生未来从事的工作是幼儿的启蒙教育，双语教学是幼儿教育教学发展的必然趋势，所以，阅读本专业的英文教學资料，英文口语精准、表达流畅是这一专业学生求职的基本技能。所以经过长期市场观察和教学实践，笔者发现真实的儿童英文文学读物的学习不但适合高职学生的英文现状，而且对未来从事英文幼儿教育工作有着极大的帮助和益处。
(一)增强自信
自信在语言学习和交流中至关重要。正如上文所提到的，中国大部分大学生有过消极的英文学习经历，并且习惯了在课堂上扮演被动的角色。如何使英语学习者参与到语言学习活动中来，是英语教师面临的一大挑战。以前的负面评价和沟通恐惧阻碍了他们在课堂上的参与。然而，一些有创意的英语戏剧活动可以培养他们在口语和互动方面的自信。
(二)语言技能
真正的儿童文学对大学英语学习者的第二个价值是获得语言技能，比如从短节奏或短句中获得准确的发音和语调，从而提高流利性。对于那些大学英语学习者来说，像儿童诗歌或摇篮曲这样的朗读材料让他们轻松愉快地进入英语学习。这些方法将消除学生的语言学习焦虑。这类儿童文学篇幅适中，难度不大。发音在外语学习中是至关重要的内容，尤其是对于那些英语为外语的学生。由于诗歌或摇篮曲是由押韵组成的，通过反复地听、说、读练习，学生英语口语表达的准确性和流利性将得到提高。
(三)词汇扩充
第三个价值是扩大词汇量。根据作者的研究和调查，职前大学生使用的英语教材不是为他们设计的，在中国没有专门为在职大学生编写和设计的英语教材。市场上幼儿园教师的英语口语教材是高校最常用的教材，主要以幼儿园教师的健康、语言、科学、艺术、社会五个学前教育领域为基础，忽视了职前大学生和双语幼儿园学生的需求整合。纯正地道的英语儿童文学中蕴含的词语表达，传统英语教材无法囊括。英文儿童文学在日常生活中丰富了学前教育专业学生的词汇，在艺术领域提升了大学生的文学修养，为未来职业生涯提供了知识储备。
(四)蕴含价值
第四个价值是通过学习了解其他国家的价值观和文化。与中国的儿童文学一样，来自北美、欧洲、墨西哥和非洲的真正的英国文学也包含有意义的价值观，比如诚实、尊重、感恩、善良、友谊和无私。对于职前大学生来说，它有着特殊的价值，它拓宽了大学生的知识视野。通过诗歌、绘本、神话、民间故事、短篇故事等形式，使学生了解节日的传统、习俗、文化、宗教等，帮助学生了解基本的文化差异。例如，在儿童诗Today Was Not My Day当中。
Today was not my day，
For everything went wrong today
In almost every way.
This morning I was menaced
By a troop of marching ants，
I brushed my teeth with shaving cream，
I split my brand-new pants.
I masked my only glasses，
And the key snapped in the lock?
The toaster didn’t toast the toast，
Then he handed me a shock.
I walked into a doorknob，
Something squirmed inside my shoe，
I found an ugly beetle
At the bottom of my stew.
A bird I didn’t recognize?
Flew down and pecked my nose，
A chimpanzee on roller skates
Sped by and squashed my toes.
I wonder if I’m under?
Some unlucky sort of curse，
Today’s the twelfth， and Thursday——
Tomorrow may be worse.
從这首诗中，学生不仅可以学习词汇和语法，还可以学习了解西方文化。以这首诗的最后两句话为例：“Today’s the twelfth，and Thursday——Tomorrow may be worse.(今天是12日，星期四——明天可能会更糟。)”为什么会有这样的结尾?原来在西方国家，数字13和星期五被认为是不吉利的，星期五和数字13的组合被认为更加不吉利。教师充分讲解诗歌内容后，可以让学生表演出诗中描写的“糟糕的一天”。
综上所述，英文文学读物的学习与英文传统教材的学习是完全不同的两个概念。学生在课堂上接触这种未经修改的文字和语言，有助于他们在课堂之外实践和交流，这些技能有助于解决遇到未知语言时的困惑。诗歌、戏剧和故事是提升英语听说能力的最佳途径，不但比课本更有趣，也让学生更容易产生成就感。
三、通过英文儿童文学提升听、说、读、写能力的方法
笔者认为，对于高职学生来说的，儿童文学的艺术形式包括：少儿英文诗歌、少儿英文戏剧、经典少儿英文故事，最适合纳入英文儿童文学课程中，因为这三种文学形式最符合高职学生的英文能力，活泼有趣的课程活动最适合激发学生的学习热情，提高学生的参与度。
(一)原版少儿英文诗歌赏析
1.儿童诗的分类
首先，儿童诗歌分为三类：短诗(Short Poems)、幽默诗歌(Funny Poems)和押韵诗歌(Rhyming Poems)。为何采用诗歌的形式提升英语语言能力?诗歌为口语和听力提供了场所，为英语学习者提供了空间。因为诗歌不受规则约束，诗歌容易搭建，学生可以在词汇量有限的情况下找到表达自己声音的方式。
2.以学生为主导的诗歌赏析教学方法及步骤
第一步，教师可以用5～10分钟的时间辅助指导学习部分生词的发音及词义，学生互相彼此大声朗读每一行诗歌，相互检查发音及节奏，15～20分钟，帮助理解诗歌内容。最后用10分钟全班齐声诵读，巩固口语发音及流利度。第二步，让学生总结所学词汇，语言知识。并尝试改编写学习的诗歌，意思可以变换但是不能改变语句结构，这样做可以锻炼学生的基础词汇替换能力，为写作打下基础。第三步，讨论诗歌背后的故事，例如可以提出关于主题的问题：Why did the poet write this poem? What influenced the writer?让学生猜测作者的写作用意及后来发生的故事并编写自己的故事。这样做可以使学生主动编写属于自己的故事，从而提升学生的基础写作能力。第四步，讨论诗歌中涉及的主题或问题与自己生活之间的联系，形成Shared reading学习氛围，调动小组成员的学习积极性。
(二)少儿英文戏剧(Children’s Dramatic Plays)
1.少儿英文戏剧介绍
戏剧教育在第二外语教学中起着重要的地位，维果茨基曾经说过：戏剧表演和即兴表演是有利于语言的习得情境，强调社会互动，因此促进知识从课堂转移到外面的世界。对于幼儿教育专业的学生，英文戏剧教育可以激发学生的想象力、创造力、英语表达能力及现场应变能力。戏剧鼓励互动，文本往往是丰富的，是多层次的意义，之后可以有效地挖掘讨论和分享感受或意见，可谓是一举多得。
2.英文戏剧教学的方法及步骤
本文主要讲解剧本戏剧教学方法及步骤：(1)首先戏剧课堂有别于传统课堂的桌椅摆放，它需要宽敞开阔的“舞台空间”。(2)根据剧情角色数量将学生划分小组，小组内确定分配角色，在Cinderella(灰公主)剧目中共有7个人物角色。(3)学生理解剧本中的生词，教师讲解词义、其精准发音，学生在小组内模拟练习剧本，并深入体会角色性格和其语言特点，适当加入肢体语言或制作简单服饰道具体现角色特征。(4)小组分别表演剧目，鼓励学生大胆参与，克服羞怯。这样学生在不知不觉中提升了口语能力、创造力、表现力，在欢笑中增强了说英语自信力。(5)根据剧情，教师设计问题并要求学生写下：
A.What values have you learned from the play?
B.Imagine you are Stepsister 1， what would you say to your mom?
C.List the action/cloth words you can remember from the play.
D.Write a short stories about the life the 2 stepsisters have ever after.
其他语言教学活动，如：可以让学生将此故事用英语讲述一遍，编写剧本后叙，形式可以是对话或短文，鼓励学生在写作上展开丰富的想象，大胆创新。
(三)经典少儿英文故事
1.英文故事用于外语教学的益处
选取经典并蕴含道德价值的故事，正如Rossiter(2002)所指出的，讲故事对于外语课堂有特殊的教学价值：故事是有效的教育工具，因為它们是可信的，可记忆的，有趣的。通过研究经典文学中的价值，教师鼓励学习者对文学文本形成态度，再通过生平并茂的故事教授提升学生的英文口语授课的能力。儿童文学作品的语言及词汇有其独特的特点，重点词汇和语句重复出现，句子结构简单，有助于学生快速掌握和领悟。在进一步的理解基础之上加以对应的写作练习，还可以提升学生的写作能力。
2.英文故事讲述教学活动建议
英语教师对Storytelling已经非常熟悉，笔者只对教学活动提一点建议。
(1)首先要创造一个轻松愉悦的阅读环境，这对学生来说非常重要。选取长度适中难度适中的少儿英文故事，故事字数可以从150字左右的短文引入，生字词的数量最好少于10个，在词汇的学习方法上建议，“先阅读后讲解”，尽量通过上下文的线索理解的单词词义，这样学生可以逐渐减少在阅读过程中的停顿。课堂活动大体分三个部分：Pre-reading(阅读前)，While-reading(阅读中)和Post-reading(阅读后)。
(2)While-reading(阅读中)活动及Post-reading(阅读后)建议采用Literature Circle(文学圈)的方法提升学生的英文阅读理解能力，锻炼口语表达能力。Literature Circle相当于一个成人书友会，其目的是鼓励参与者进行深思熟虑的讨论和热爱阅读。文学界的真正意图是“让学生练习和发展优秀读者的技能和策略”(DaLie，2001)。是一种文学参与的形式，学生聚在一起讨论他们正在阅读的一本书。在文学圈，每个成员都同意在讨论会上承担特定的责任，学生的提问和思考是讨论的动力。
(3)Post-reading(阅读后)的活动还可以采用：Story-retelling (故事翻讲)锻炼学生的英语口语表达能力，Creative Writing(创意写作)可以为故事编写另一个结局。Favorite Character(最喜欢的人物)，写下最喜欢的人物名字并说明原因，这几种活动可以大大提升学生的写作能力。
四、总结
综上所述，学前教育英语专业的学生不一定要掌握高难的词汇，但是要熟悉学前幼儿语言发展阶段的英语语言及课堂教学英语。结合本专业的特点，《英文儿童文学》因选取国外真实的少儿读物最适合用于培养前学教育英文专业学生的英文综合能力。学生在真实读物的学习中可以了解真正的英语语言习惯和中西方文化的差异，在轻松快乐的活动中逐渐提高学生英语的听、说、读、写能力。
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◎编辑 张 慧
作者：杜晶
摘 要：英文原声电影作为欧美国家文化的载体，是英语教学中重要的手段。本文立足初中新课标英语教学标准，结合教学实际，在日常教学中大胆尝试，探讨了英文原声电影辅助教学的步骤和原则，以英文原声电影为载体，构造英语运用语境，激发了学生的学习热情，提高了学生的英文修养，取得了良好的效果。
关键词：初中英语教学 原声电影 辅助教学 英语运用语境 英文修养
一、英文原声电影的应用背景
基础教育阶段的英语教学任务中提到“激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣”，“帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异，拓展视野”。新目标课程也将“改变英语课堂中过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力培养的倾向”列为重要标准。对于初中学生而言，英语作为外来语种，平时的学习往往停留在课本上，在日常生活中缺少必要的语言环境，英语往往被学成了干涩呆板的听、说、读、写训练，英语丧失了本身的语言之美，变成了空洞的符号集合。在教学活动中，如何模拟出接近真实的英语运用语境是摆在每个义务教育阶段英语教育者面前一个紧迫的难题。原声电影作为一种载体，可以最直接地向授众展示该语言国的风土人情和语言的运用环境，是学习语言的一种有效工具，众多学者对此进行了广泛研究。本文结合作者日常工作实践，重点探讨在初中英语教学中以英文原声电影为媒介进行辅助教学的方法和心得。
语言教学界最早研究原声电影对语言学习的辅助作用，最早起源于1995年在日本召开的第21届国际语言学大会，Chung提出 “用电影进行教学的综合方法”(A comprehensive approach to teaching with movie videos)。Ryan在1998年的“运用电影发展学习动机”正式掀起了利用英语原声电影进行英语教学的热潮。
二、英文原声电影的优势
根据课程标准理念，结合日常工作中听课学习交流等活动的心得，本文作者发现广大初中学生缺少英语运用语境，对英语的认知很缺乏，缺少必要的英文修养。英语这门学科有一定的特殊性，语言技能的提高，不是靠老师孜孜不倦的讲解就可以做到的，这要求学生要有一定人文修养的基础，不仅仅要学习，还要有运用语言的环境。
人文修养是英语的根源，对于初中生而言，他们对外界的往往有局限性，他无法了解英语作为载体背后的丰富含义，他们对欧美英语系国家的风土人情，地理状况，生活习惯也知之甚少。如果学生课外知识不足，对欧美英语系国家的人文、背景认知有限甚至很贫乏，在无形中就限制了学生英语潜力的发展。很多学生对英语不感兴趣，主要是觉得枯燥乏味。而通过英语运用语境的构建，可以丰富学生的生活，激发他们的学习兴趣，从根本上改变他们英语的畏难心理，提升他们的英文修养，让他们充分地理解英语，更准确的用英语表达自己的观点，描述事物或人。
地道的英语表达不是靠老师教的，是平时的点滴累积。为拓展他们的视野，补充课外知识，提升他们英语的人文修养，选择初中生适合的英文原声电影组织学生观看。英语以听、说、读、写为基础，培养学生综合运用语言和自主学习的能力，每个分支都是相辅相成的。而适合初中生的英文原声电影不仅可以让学生感受到英文原声的优美音色，纯正发音,丰富灵活的句型句式变化和西方国家的背景风俗，而且可以在无形中将学生的眼球吸引到一些口语的运用和英语国家的优美风景、名胜古迹上，带他们进行穿越空间和时间的旅行。
三、利用英文原声电影破解教学难题
在平时的教学中，面临很多实际问题，例如很多学生对英语根本不感兴趣，甚至有学生当面跟我说“老师，我不想学英语。”面对这样的学生，如何挽回他的学习兴趣是一个亟待解决的问题。对于很多学生表现出对英语的反感，通过分析，发现根本原因在于对英语课程的了解太少，过于传统。他们眼里的英语课堂就是记单词，背词组，短语，句型，无边的烦恼。而通过英文原声电影，构建英语运用环境，恰恰可以改变这一点，在英语运用环境中可以给学生补充足够的课外知识食粮，营造恰当的语言环境，让他们身心愉悦地遨游英语的世界。同时帮助他们更好的理解英语的内涵，深入剖析英语的奥秘!授人以鱼不如授人以渔。
新目标课程标准强调“关注学生情感，为他们营造宽松，民主，和谐的课堂教学氛围”，以及“利用现代教育技术，拓宽学生学习和运用英语的渠道”。如果能让他们觉得英语课堂很丰富多彩，乐意参与英语活动的话，他们肯定会有所改变。
四、英文原声电影辅助教学的步骤和原则
本文探讨通过三个阶段，逐步构建宽松，民主，和谐的英语运用环境。第一阶段，尝试在课前五分钟播放英文儿歌，鼓励学生听完后跟唱。慢慢的学生似乎都在开始期待英语儿歌，而且我偶然听到一个基础比较薄弱的学生唱出其中几句，比如：How is the weather? It’s a fine day.在后来的练习中考到这个句子，学生们都能唱着这句话开心的做完练习，自己心里多了几分把握。第二阶段，将儿歌过渡为short video,要求学生回答简单问题。几个星期后，学生英语课堂明显气氛好转，积极性大大提高。第三阶段，播放英文原声电影，引导学生进行角色扮演并书写影评。
第一、选材，包括影片选材以及影片中片断的选材。本部分依据新目标教材的特点、新目标课程理念标准以及初中生年龄特点，选取适合的影片及片断。
第二、影片背景知识介绍和片断欣赏。该部分为老师所做内容，让学生大概了解影片。同时让学生观看所选片断，培养他们养成记录好词好句的习惯。
第三、影片整体欣赏。该部分要求学生发现影片的闪光点，并结合所学知识写影评并汇报(Report)。
第四、角色扮演(Role Play)。本部分要求学生根据影片内容分角色演出。要求忠于原著，可以适当加入个人生活体验及想像。同时开展纠错活动，寻找表演者的闪光点。
第五、总结。首先，老师对影片，学生的表演情况进行评价，并剖析学生中好的影评(Report)。同时进一步扩展相关背景知识介绍。其次，向学生介绍如何更好地欣赏英文原声电影，包括词，句，俚语及文化知识。最后，对老师本人而言，进行汇报，撰写相关论文，介绍相关体验。
在以上研究过程中，应要遵循以下几个原则：
第一、由片断到影片，由易到难原则。在挑选片断时以易懂，符合中学生特点为准，与新目标课程标准相符。
第二、学生分层次，动态原则。基础好的学生进行Role Play，中等的学生做评委，基础薄弱的学生作为表演者和评委的助手，结成团队(Team)。
第三、全体参与原则，以学生为本。
以“Chicken Run”为例，该电影里的英语简单易懂，音色优美，情节有趣，学生反响很好，效果也立竿见影，很多学生看的时候就开始喊：“老师，我听懂这句话了。”有的直接就跟着repeat了。还有的学生会主动的问：“老师，这句话什么意思啊?”……电影辅助教学的方法初见成效。
五、英文原声电影辅助教学总结
现代社会要求学生全面发展，而激烈的竞争也让家长们压力倍增。在这样的社会环境冲击下，就要求老师们面面俱到、培养发掘每个学生的潜力。英文原声电影虽不如老师的讲解那么精细，但却在不知不觉中让学生领略了英语的人文魅力，丰富了学生的英语涵养。如果说老师是学生的引路人，那么英文原声电影则应该成为学生提高自身英文修养的推动力和重要原动力。
通过英文原声电影以及人文资料的累积(图片、风土人情等)，不仅可以使学生能够更深入的了解欧美英语系国家，对英语产生浓厚的兴趣，而且可以帮助他们正确运用所学语言知识描述表达一些内容，能充分了解、理解中西方文化的差异，拓展视野，让学生摆脱以课堂为单一渠道的英语学习模式，逐步培养学生利用原声电影等多种媒介提升自身英文修养的能力。
参考文献：
[1] Chung, V. 1995. "A comprehensive approach to teaching with movie videos". Paper presented at the 21st Annual JALT International Conference, Nagoya, Japan.
[2]肖礼全.英语教学方法论[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2006.
[3]胡壮麟.语言学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2001.
[4]刘润清.英语教学科研方法[M].北京：教学外语与研究出版社，2000.
作者：杨娟
[摘 要]把英文歌曲带进课堂，可以让学生在英文乐曲声中，触摸英语的灵魂，让英语学习收到事半功倍的功效。用英文歌曲唱响中学生英语课堂，不失为新时代英语课堂中的一个亮点。
[关键词]音乐;英语;教学
一、PEP中学英语课本中的缺憾——取消了英文歌曲的环节
翻开PEP小学、初中及高中英语课本，细心的教师会发现，小学课本中，每个单元都有Let’s sing 的环节，让小学生在快乐、轻松的音乐中学习英语。可是初中和高中英语课本中却缺失了英文歌曲这一部分。追崇流行音乐是中学生的一个显著的心理特点，将英文歌曲纳入初、高中英语课堂教学体系，可以提高学生对英语学习的兴趣、增加和巩固英语知识、提升英语语言运用能力。用音乐把英语课堂教学过程串联起来，是中学英语课堂教学不可或缺的一剂润滑剂。
二、音乐与语言、英文歌曲与英语学习的关系
音乐和语言都是以文字为载体，都可以用作交流工具，用来传达信息，表达情感。音乐是一种无国界的语言，是世界的语言，是最美丽的语言，任何一门语言都可表现为音乐形式。
英文歌曲融汇了西方文化、历史、情感和思维方式。现代中学生追求时尚个性，崇尚西方文化。故此，艺术性强、时尚新潮、受众广泛的英文歌曲对中学生学习英语有十分重要的作用。英文歌曲集英语语言学习与娱乐为一体，是一种艺术型的教学模式，且形式灵活多变，内容丰富多彩，具有鲜明的时代性。有效地结合英文歌曲和英语教学，具有其他教学材料所不具备的优势，不但可以保持学生对英语课堂的新鲜感，而且促使英语教学简便易行，操作性强。
三、英文歌曲在初中英语教学中的意义及其作用
学唱英文歌曲可以激发学习英语的兴趣;强化记忆，增加英语词汇，学习句型结构，模仿修辞手法，丰富交流表达;可以纠正英语发音、习得纯正的语音语调;可以锻炼英语听力;可以提升口语水平，获得语言技能;有助于英语语法的教学;可以优化英语教学方式，丰富课堂教学方法;可以熏陶学生的心灵，陶冶学生的情操，提高他们的审美素质;有助于学生间的相互交流，培养合作能力，也会增进师生感情，推动英语的教学工作;有助于活跃课堂氛围，给学生带来快乐与自信;可以扩大知识面，了解西方文化、风俗，提高学生综合素质;可以激发学生的创新思维。
四、英语教学中融入英文歌曲的具体实践
(一)英语歌曲的选择
歌曲要有优美的旋律，欢快的节奏，易学易唱，符合学生的欣赏标准;歌曲语言所传递的信息应通俗易懂，不宜有过于繁杂的语言结构和形式;歌曲的词句力求吐字清晰，适合中学生进行语言训练;歌曲的内容既要符合学生的水平，又能满足特定的教学目的。
(二)英语歌曲的教学流程
教师可从互联网上下载所选定英文歌曲的视频录像，最好选择配有中英文字幕的，在课堂上播放，让学生全方位地感受歌曲的魅力和韵律。将准备好的中英文歌词原稿发给学生，让学生跟着教师通读一遍，理解歌词大意，感受歌曲的内在情感。歌词原稿下方附有该歌词中出现的：1.生僻词汇;2.重点句型;3.特殊语法结构。教师要帮助学生逐一突破，让他们更加深刻地理解歌词大意。对于英文歌词中出现的生词、词组、句型、省略部分、虚拟语气等语法现象，教师要重点讲解，也可以引导学生将歌词中体现的句型和语法与学校课本知识相融合，做好知识的延伸和拓展。抒情性的英文歌曲经常会用到虚拟语气，如Declan Galbraith的歌曲An Angel，用到了虚拟语气，是为了纪念天堂的母亲所作，教师可以引导学生关注和学习。
在下发的歌词原稿上，教师要标注歌句中出现的特殊语音现象。如连续、弱化、吞音、爆破、连读等，引导学生模仿歌曲中的语音、语调，纠正错误的发音，培养学生的英语语感。教师应让学生感受音乐的力量，提升听力水平。中学生对音乐都有相当高的敏感度和惊人的接收能力，有时限于语言的障碍和相关文化知识的欠缺，对歌曲的理解只停留在表面。学习原版英文歌的同时，教师讲一些历史文化背景，将歌词的寓意娓娓道来，必然会拓宽学生的知识面，点燃学生学习英文的热情。教师还可以在课堂内外开展多种多样的英语歌咏活动，增强学生学习英语的兴趣。
责任编辑 一 觉
作者：黄英
英语教师个人简历范文
Personal Information
Name: xxx
Gender: male
Date of Birth: 1986/05/12
Residency: HuangShi
Zip Code: 435002
Career Objective：English Teacher
Mobile: xxxxxxxxxxx
Email: xxxxxxx
Political Background：probationary party member
Leadership Position：the chair of league member
Address: HuBei province HuangShi City Ma Fang village
Work Experience
2005/07-2005/9：commended by dean to be an English private tutor in BeiJing
2006/03--2007/05：QiHui private tutor Center as an English Tutor in XianNing
2007/06-2008/12：as an English Tutor teaching High School student in HuangShi
2007/10-2008/05：as a student secretary of the college of foreign studies
2008/08-2008/12：an English training teacher of Info Tech Essentials, Inc. Huang Shi Branch
Education
2004/09--2007/06 XianNing University English Education Associate
2007/09--2009/06 HuBei Normal Univercity English Bachelor
Training
2006/10--2006/12 No 14 Middle School in HuangShi city English cadet teacher
Language Skills
English excellent Japanese average
Certifications
2008/03 TEM Level 8 EVIII 0810045236
2007/04 TEM Level 4 EIV 0710075088
2006/06 CET-6 061242066001800
2005/12 provincial Computer Level Test Band1 20051211413452004/12 Mandarin Chinese Rating Certificate X11404307872007/7 Teacher qualification certificate 20074210730000459Honors/Awards
national scholarship
the first ranking scholarship
the second ranking scholarship
3 good’s student
outstanding student leader9 f2 m: # H,
excellent League Member
the second price in teacher skill competition in HuBei Normal University
the first price in normal students’ teaching lesson
the third price in students’acqierement
the outstanding price in first term in Telecommunications Cup Resume Competition
Self Assessment
self-confidence, industry, and enthusiasm as well as great passion for education
Resume
Personal Information
Name: Wang JiangGender: maleDate of Birth: 1986/02/22 Residency: HuangShiZip Code: 435002Career Objective：English Teacher
Home Tel: 086-0714-3809428Mobile:
Email: Wang Jiang 19860222@163.comPolitical Background：probationary party member
Leadership Position：the chair of league member Address: HuBei province HuangShi City Ma Fang village
Work Experience
2005/07-2005/9：commended by dean to be an English private tutor in BeiJing 2006/03--2007/05：QiHui private tutor Center as an English Tutor in XianNing 2007/06-2008/12：as an English Tutor teaching High School student in HuangShi 2007/10-2008/05：as a student secretary of the college of foreign studies
2008/08-2008/12：an English training teacher of Info Tech Essentials, Inc. Huang Shi Branch
Education
2004/09--2007/06XianNing UniversityEnglish EducationAssociate
2007/09--2009/06HuBei Normal UnivercityEnglishBachelor
Training
2006/10--2006/12No 14 Middle School in HuangShi cityEnglish cadet teacher Language Skills
EnglishexcellentJapaneseaverage
Certifications
2008/03TEM Level 8EVIII 0810045236
2007/04TEM Level 4EIV 0710075088
2006/06CET-6061242066001800
2005/12provincial Computer Level Test Band12005121141345
2004/12Mandarin Chinese Rating CertificateX1140430787
2007/7Teacher qualification certificate20074210730000459
Honors/Awards
national scholarship
the first ranking scholarship
the second ranking scholarship
3 good’s student
outstanding student leader
excellent League Member
the second price in teacher skill competition in HuBei Normal University
the first price in normal students’ teaching lesson
the third price in students’acqierement
the outstanding price in first term in Telecommunications Cup Resume Competition Self Assessment
self-confidence, industry, and enthusiasm as well as great passion for education
的格式
英语写信格式
有点像朋友一样。应该用什么样的格式呢。要给一个新认识的老板发Email，想要规矩点?，可是又想格式不是那么规矩
要开门见山straight forward&47, and esteem)
Charles
空行
Jason
Following on from our phone converation this morning;s name写信人姓名)
B：
Dear Kevin
空行
See u soon. evening;ve just bought the new album b "：
Hi Jenny
空行
I'. 给朋友
例EMAIL电子邮件的书写格式
A
Email 没有什么格式。如果是朋友般的。英语写信格式但规矩点的话, Hey 之类的，或者用 Hi，注意开头用. 或 Dear Ms：Dear Mr.，开头就直接称呼名字。最后别忘了在注名前加上 Sincerely，注名要有名有姓。最后注名就用名字，或用简写
英文书信的格式=== June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang, I’m very glad to...
英语信件的格式(最好带有范文)=== 下面的范文有些行是在右边的,但是因为在这里发的话所有行都变成了左对齐,所以你根据下面所讲述的格式自
己...
英文书信格式=== 各类英文信函格式 英语信件的种类比较多,有一般信件,邀请信,推荐信等。但几乎所有信件的格式都大同小异...
英语的书信格式=== 英语的书信格式首先要看你写信的性质。是官方而正式的书信?还是朋友间的通信?无论是哪一种,基本的英文书...
英语书信格式=== (一) 英文书信的组成部分 英文书信一般由六部分组成。即:信头(Heading)、信内地址(Insi...
英文写信的格式=== 格式? 肯定是称呼落款 英文信要顶格写 Dear Sir/Mandam: (亲爱的X...
英语写信格式=== 1)信封(envelope)英语的信封和中文的一样,有三部分组成,即发信人地址收信人地址和邮票只不过...
英语书信格式范文100字7篇=== 英语书信格式范文100字7篇
一、感谢信 Sample 1 20 June xxDear Mr. ...
Resume
Name: Xin WangGender: Female
Date ofBirth: Sep.21,1991Health: Excellent Marital Status: Single
Mobile Phone: 12345678901
E-mail:
Address:
Educational Background:
Sep.2010 to present: Sichuan University
Majoring in English
Sep.2007 to June.2010: Chengdu High School
Work Experience:
Oct.2011 to Nov.2011: Chengdu Tianmeng Investment ManagementCo.Ltd.
Sales
June.2010 to Aug.2010: Ruicheng Hotel Chengdu
Waiter
Qualification & Certificates：
Mar.2011Got the certificate of SCET-3
Resume
Apr.2011Got the certificate of NCRE-1 May.2011Pass the Mandarin Test
★ 范文05.环境问题今天环境变得越来越糟糕，环境问题影响着人们的工作，学习，生活等，而我们的工作，生活，生产等又使环境污染越来越严重……，如何保护我们的环境?请以“ How to protect our environment? ”为题写一篇短文。提示：存在问题：1.水污染越来越严重;2.砍伐森林严重;3.大气污染严重;4.白色垃圾等。要求：如何改善/保护环境?至少：3至4个方面。
How to protect/save our environment/world?
As we all know， the environment around us is getting worse and worse /more and more seriously today. Water is polluted， we have no clean water to drink. Many trees are cutting down， some animals are getting less and less. Some factories are pouring dirty air into the sky. The population is increasing faster and faster， resources are getting less and less…etc. Not only does it affect our lives and health， it also has a great affection in the future. People’s health has been greatly affected by air， noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases. In order to live a better life， something must be done to stop the pollution. It’s our duty to protect our environment. We shouldn’t throw away rubbish everywhere. Trees are very helpful and important for us. We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future.
If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment， the world will become much more beautiful. In a word， if everyone pays more attention to our environment， there will be less pollution and our life will be better. “There is only one earth”， I hope everyone will protect our environment well.
“限塑令”，自2008年6月1日起，在所有超市、商场实行塑料购物袋有偿使用制度，超市、商场一律不得免费提供塑料购物袋。请你写一篇英语短文，要求包括以下内容：
现状：目前中国每天消费近30亿个塑料袋，造成了严重的资源浪费和环境污染;
限塑令的意义：减少塑料袋使用量，提高公众的环保意识;
提倡：重拎布袋子，重提菜篮子。
参考词汇：禁令 ban 意识 awareness 提倡 advocate
The problem of “white pollution” caused by used plastic is becoming increasingly serious， in which plastic shopping bags play an important role. In China about three billion plastic shopping bags are consumed every day， which results in a great waste of resources and heavy environmental pollution. Luckily， the government has put a nationwide ban on the use of free plastic bags， demanding that all stores and supermarkets not provide customers with free plastic bags after June 1. I agree with the rule， which people can’t get the free plastic bags in the shops， supermarkets. It advocates people to use their cloth bags and baskets. It’s good for our environment. So I hope all the students in our class stop using the plastic bags， and to use our own cloth bags. I hope we can take care of our environment. Let’s make our world more and more beautiful.
★ 低碳生活
★ 范文08.现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”(low-carbon life)，即：降低二氧化碳的排放，采取低能量、低消耗、低开支的生活方式。低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一篇短文向一家英文报社投稿。内容包括：你的具体做法、你的感受以及建议。
提示词语：be good for， everyone， ride a bike， think， make a difference， environment， suggest， reuse
Low-carbon life is good for everyone. To help with the environment， I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. Besides， I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom. I think it’s my duty to live a low-carbon life. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible. And we’d better not spend much money on expensive clothes. If everyone does something for the environment， I believe the earth will be a better place.
Abstract Since English songs have a positive effect on English learning. It can help create a relaxing atmosphere, increase learners’ interest and build up learners’ confidence. Additionally, English song is an important role in helping with correcting the pronunciation, remembering and accumulating vocabulary, learning foreign culture, and develop
英文歌曲对英语学习有着很大的帮助，它不仅能够创造一种轻松愉快的气氛，而且还有利于提高学习者的兴趣，增强学习者的信心，从而促进英语学习。另外，英文歌曲可以帮助矫正英语语音，牢记和积累大量词汇，学习外国文化和培养英语语感等等，而这些方面都对英语能力的提高起着很大的促进作用。因此，本文提出了一个策略，即充分利用英文歌曲教英语。 关键词：英语教学;英文歌曲 Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Positive effects of music……………………………………………………………..1
3. Some connections between music and English learning………………………………..…….......1 4. Some advantages of English songs………………………………………………………………..2 4.1 English songs can arouse interest and heighten confidence………………….. 2
4.2 English songs can strengthen memory and accumulate language materials…...3 4.3 English songs are good for learning pronunciation and rhythm…………….....4 4.4 English songs are good for students to controlling grammar………………......5 4.5 English songs are a source of aural input ……………………………………...6
4.6 English songs contain amounts of comprehensive language knowledge………6 4.7 English songs carry rich foreign culture………………………………………..7
5. The methodology of using English songs to teach English…………………………...8 5.1. The selection principles of English songs……………………………………...9 5.2 The steps of teaching English songs…………………………………………...10 6. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………11 References……………………………………………………………………………..…1
2 1. Introduction At the very beginning of human society, when there was a big harvest or while they were working, laboring people expressed their happiness, anger, grief and joy by means of talking and singing in their own language. The language later became the earliest simple folk tune. With the rapid development of human society, this kind of language art had been improved a lot, and it had been developed into songs. Now songs win great popularity among people. As we all know, most people love music and love songs. Then why not take advantage of English songs to teach English?
2. Positive effects of music Music, as one of the oldest forms of art, has many positive effects. It is closely related to peoples’ life. First music is a great language package that bundles culture, vocabulary, listening, grammar and a host of other language skills. Second, music not only can control the rhythm of human body, but also has a direct influence on human brain. Music can cheer up a person, make a person full of high spirit, and even bring out a person’s active mood. So it can help the brain memorize things more quickly and help to keep them for a much longer time The third, as Duan Ruiling (1997) ever mentioned that “students’ big attainment in music, or high music intelligence, has a positive influence on their pronunciation.”
3. Some connections between music and English learning Music and language have some features in common. Such as stress, tone, pauses
and rhyme. Sounds are the roots of both music and speech. Both of them are from the process of sounds, and are used by their authors or speakers to convey a message. Beside music has a great positive effect on the development of English skills. “The higher one’s music intelligence is, the more sense of rhythm of spoken English he has. According to Fonseca Mora(2000)” , music nature of language influences an English learner’s pronunciation and even the whole process of his English study . Additionally, the relationship between listening and speaking can not be ignored. Language input comes before language output. Listening is a process of information input. While speaking is a process of information output. In other words, music is a kind of language input which helps the learner to store and convey all kinds of information. 4 Some advantages of English songs 4.1 English songs can arouse interest and heighten confidence Everyone likes songs. English songs are enjoyable and attractive because of their affective power. Songs can create an atmosphere that makes people feel relaxed. So, the students will not feel so anxious or shy to speak English as they are attracted by the interesting music. As we know interest is the best guide. When students feel enjoyable, their interest can be easily stimulated. If in the course of learning, teachers teach some songs with part of the language rules, the students will participate in singing actively, therefore this kind of activity would help the students to memorize the language materials. By singing English songs, the interest to learn English is aroused. At the same time if those who are learning English can sing in English, they will have the feeling of success. This success is just the motivation to learn English and drive them to learn more. It can also rise students’ confidence. When teachers find some students are lacking of the confidence to speak English loudly, teachers can use this method to let these students sing English songs and to encourage them to speak out English bravely. Thus the confidence of the students would be more easily heightened. 4.2 English songs can strengthen memory and accumulate language materials. In the language learning a lot of knowledge need to be remembered specially. It will take a lot of time to read and recite mechanically. After some time, the knowledge will all be forgotten. If we write songs with these language rules or choose suitable songs, we will find it is easy to remember. The language in the songs may be not written for particular language learning. But it provides more chances for the students to contact with English. The more English knowledge they contact, the better their spoken English is. When students learn the words or language points in a song, the words or language points will be very easier to be remembered for they appear in their brains again. In the revision lesson, we can strengthen students’ memory by singing songs and they will summarize language regularity. Besides, singing English songs is the course of accumulating language materials. They learn words, phrases and all kinds of expressions from songs. In people’s daily life songs are more natural than language; songs like can come into people’s hearts quietly and naturally and accompany people’s lives. When students listen to more songs they will speak or sing out without thinking and use these words, phrases and expressions fluently. Moreover the language learning from the songs will not be forgotten. And even these songs will accompany students’ lives. With the improvement of language level, they will understand the lyrics and master the language naturally. Here is another example:
As is known to all, the United States has fifty-two states, and many of the names of these states are not so easy to pronounce accurately and remember well. While Susan Nipp’s song The United States can give some help because it contains all of the fifty-two states in the lyric: “The United States, the United States, I love my country the United States, There’s Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut and Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, and Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri…” As songs are always full of emotions and rhythm, singing aloud with the help of the melody and the musicality of language is useful for memorizing words. 4.3 English songs are good for learning pronunciation and rhythm. Listening to and singing English songs as more as possible contributes much to learning accurate pronunciation, intonation and rhythm of spoken English. From English songs, we can get lots of phonetic knowledge, such as, change of length of vowels, pauses plosives, lose of plosives, sound linking, weak-forms, assimilation, stress, rhythm and so on. Linguistic researches have already shown that every language has its own intonation and rhythmic. According to Fonseca Mora, music and language have common features; they are stress, tone, pauses and rhythm. Here is a simple song Come `and `See `My `Family in which sound linking is reflected. “Come `and `see `my `family, ︶
`Under `the `old `apple `tree! ︶
`This `is `my `father. `How do you do? ︶
`Sit `down `and `have `a `cup `of `tea `with `me.” ︶︶
In this song, the technique of sound linking is so obvious that we can make use of it to achieve fluency that is an important factor in spoken English. 4.4 English songs are good for students to control grammar In English teaching, grammar is an important part and the students sometimes feel bored to learn grammar. So if teachers can combine some grammar principles with songs, it would be a good way for the students to identify and remember the principles. Take this English song “yours and mine” for example:
“Look at around and you will see, All the things belong to you and me. Look around and you will find, This whole world is yours and it’s mine.
Every bird, every flower, every tree, they all belong to you and me.”
From this song students should understand how to use “me, you, mine and yours. And these words also can be changed to them, theirs, him his, her, hers, and so on. Then the students can use all of them. 4.5 English songs are a source of aural input English songs are a kind of especially good listening material. Compared with some English test listening materials, they are more interesting, motivating, attractive and unforgettable. They are never dull. As is mentioned in this paper, listening is closely related to speaking, and more language input is helpful for more effective language output. Listening to English songs as often as possible is in some way good for the improvement of speaking ability. 4.6 English songs contain amounts of comprehensive language knowledge English songs contain a lot of language knowledge. This mainly reflects in words, phrases, idioms, expressions, sentence patterns, and also spoken grammar. Actually, spoken language is not merely a variant of “correct” written forms. In spoken English, we can find the widespread utilization of ellipsis. For example, we can often hear sentences in English songs like “Don’t know why, don’t know why…” which has no subject. The subject (maybe “I”) is left out here. This kind of ellipsis phenomenon occurs frequently in oral communication. As we know, in English study, there are so many words, expressions, and even rules of spoken grammar to remember and then to use freely and correctly; and usually they seem to be so dull or difficult. In spite of this, for effective oral communication, it is still quite necessary to master as many as possible. Then learning English songs may be a not bad choice, because lyrics of English songs contain a large vocabulary, sentence patterns and spoken grammar. Besides, words in English songs are often simple and vivid, and most of them are those used in daily life of the western people. Last but not the least, as lyric embodies the development of society, we can get new words and expressions easily and quickly. New words often come along with the progressing of society. Some words are given more meanings or an entirely different meaning; some are not used any more or are used just on a few special occasions. As new age brings new things, by learning pop songs, we will be able to get the newest and most modern words and expressions. 4.7 English songs carry rich foreign culture
Introducing songs into language learning has incomparable effects in introducing social backgrounds and cultures of English speaking countries. “As Laroy said, ‘songs are a very traditional learning aid. Learning through songs can actually be described as being very natural. This naturalness is demonstrated by the fact that in all cultures singing songs has always been one of the most wide spread ways for children to learn. Songs have always accompanied important events in life and have transmitted a good deal of traditional culture…” Many English songs have existed for a long time, they can tell us much information about the culture of a country and the history. Speaking good English needs some background knowledge of English-speaking countries. Take the English songs Silent Night Holy Night for example: “Round young virgin mother and child!” “Shepherds quake at the sight!” “Christ the Savior is born!” “Jesus, Lord, at Thy birth.” All these sentences tell us the famous foreign holiday---Christmas Day. From this song, we can learn many useful words about Christmas such as “Virgin Mother”, ”shepherds”, “Christ the Savior”, “Jesus”, etc.. So we can remember all of them easily and keep them in mind for a long time.
In the song Dance Carol, there is such a sentence: “Easter would come when Christmas is done if lent…” From this sentence, we can know the holiday---Easter, and the important knowledge: Easter comes after Christmas. Thus we can remember this very easily and keep it in mind for a long time.
From another song Rain, Rain, Go Away, we can learn that the special geographical position of England leads to large amounts of rainfall and changeable weather. So, the English greet each other like this, “Lovely day, isn’t it?” Once we know about this, when we greet people in English we will never say like Chinese, “Have you eaten?” or “Where are you going?”. Therefore, to speak more authentic English, we have to know much about western culture, which can help to avoid making stupid mistakes in real communication with the Western people. 5. The methodology of using English songs to teach English 5. 1 The selection principles of English songs In modern world, music is everywhere; songs are available almost everywhere. So it is very easy to touch English songs. When we use English songs to serve teaching. We should pay attention to some aspects
First, the lyrics should connect with the content of teaching. For example, when we teach the English number, the song “ten little Indians” would be the best choice.
Second, choosing songs should accord to the character of age and psychology of learners. Only when we choose songs by thinking about these factors can the learners receive the great achievement in English learning. Teachers should choose the songs according to the students’ English level. Some English songs are longer and more difficult, which is not good for low level learners. Like children’s songs Colors of the Wind, My Golden Sun, My Little Table, etc. is good for children to learn. And songs like Eyes on Me, Yesterday Once More, Big Big World, etc. is good for adults to learn. Thirdly, teaching English songs should be timely and in the right quantity. In addition, teaching songs should have distinct aims, after singing a song the students would know what language point they can learn from the song. For example the song “Head and shoulders” is a good example. The lyrics are: “head and shoulders, knees and toes, knees ands toes. Eyes and ears and mouth and nose, head and shoulders knees and toes, knees and toes.” After learning this song the students should understand what a countable noun is and what is an uncountable noun. So the aim of learning is obvious. 5. 2 The steps of teaching English songs For English teachers, English songs are also a very good aid of helping students to improve their English ability. Teachers can use different teaching aids like: the tape recorder, the computer and etc. to teach the new song. Before teaching the song teacher could ask some questions according to the lyrics such as: “What words can you hear from the song?” “What is the theme of the song?”. “What happened to the people?” Teachers also should give students some background information about the song which would help students to understand the song. Here introduce some steps of teaching English songs. The steps are: Step1. Listen for the first time and try to think about the theme of the song. Step2. Listen for the second time and third time, try to make out every word and phrase as well as possible. And at the same time pay attention to word pronunciation and sound linking. Step3. The forth time, looking at the lyric of the song and this time focus on the rhythm, especially the words that stress falls on. Step4. Sing the song by following the tape or MTV; and learn the rhythm. Step5. Read out aloud the whole lyric, and especially pay much attention to some good words, phrases and sentences and try to learn them by heart. Step6. Sing the song with full passion as similar to the original singing as possible and try to sing the whole song correctly and fluently. Step7. Evaluate or retell the song; express inner feelings or introduce the song to others. These steps above are suggested mainly for improving English pronunciation, to master English rhythm, and then to improve spoken English. But in order to make more progress, large amounts of listening, imitating and practicing is needed. 6. Conclusion From above, English songs play an important role in memorizing, pronunciation. And It helps arouse learners’ interest. It has a great effect on the development of English skills. Using English songs to enhance English skills can be a good choice. Various themes and rich background knowledge in English songs offer a good source for learning English. Also songs enrich students’ knowledge about English speaking countries, such as the history, culture and their value. Therefore, it is an effective way to make use of English songs to get rid of students’ “Chinese accent”. With English songs as a teaching aid, the learners will be able to improve their English. And it’s a kind embodiment of teachers’ comprehensive teaching skills. References 1.赵颖、李爱华. 音乐和英语单词记忆 [J]. 大学英语，2003，6，P40 2.Fonseca Mora. Foreign language acquisition and melody singing [C]. ELT Journal 54, 2000, 2, P150 4.裴正薇. 音乐智力对英语听说的影响 [J]. 西安外国语学院学报，2004年第12卷，第3 期，P37 5.石兰. 英语口语节奏分析 [J]. 江苏教育学院学报(社会科学版)，2001年第17卷，第3 期，P89
6.苏玉洁. 英文歌曲教学与英语口语的提高 [J]. 温州师范学院学报，2003年24卷，第3期，P89 7.Alan Duan 如何有效地学习英语口语 [J]. 新东方英语， 2005，6，P40
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