英语演讲稿（中英文对照）

英语演讲稿（中英文对照）（通用7篇）

英语演讲稿（中英文对照） 篇1

Whetherthere’safterlife,theawerhasneverbeenthesame.Theatheistsdenyafterlife,believingthatourlifeisnomorethanfromthecradletothegrave.Theymaycareabouttheirillustriousnamesafterdeath;theymayfeelattachedtotheaffectionoftheiroffring,buttheyneverlaytheirhopesontheirafterlife.Theymay

alsosaythatgoodwillberewardedwithgood,andevilwithevil,buttheydon’treallybelieveanyretributionintheirafterlife.However,inthereligiousworldoramongthesuperstitiouspeople,thebeliefinafterlifeisverypopular.Theydonotonlybelieveinafterlife,butthousandsofreincarnatioaswell.Inthemysteriousworld,therearetheparadiseandthehell,thecelestialbeingsandthegods,theBuddhaandtheBodhisattvas.Maybetheyreallybelievedit,ormaybetheyjustwantedtomakeuseofpeople’sveneration,theancientemperorsalwaysdeclaredthattheyweretherealdrago,thesoofGod,whiletheroyalministersclaimedtobethereincarnatioofvariouscotellatio.Butcanthestarsreincarnate?

Manypeopleburninceeandkowtow,dogooddeedsandstriveforvirtues,notjustforthepresent,butmainlytoletGodseetheirsinceritysoastoberebornintoabetterafterlife,ortoachievethehighestenlightenmentafterseverallivesofpractice.Theydobelieveinafterlife.ButIcan’thelpasking:Suosetherewerenoafterlife,wouldyoustilldogooddeedsandstriveforvirtues?AndIfGoddoesnotseewhatyouaredoing,wouldyoustillbesouprightandselfle?Ifyouwork,notforservingthepublicandliberatingtheothers,butjustforabetterafterlifeofyourown,i’titalittletooselfish?Comparingwiththiskindofbelievers,thosewhodon’tbelieveinafterlife,butstillkeepdoinggooddeeds,arethemostsincereandhonestphilanthropists,becausetheydothemnotforthemselvesbutforother.YoumaywonderifIbelieveinafterlife.Myaweris:Iknownothingaboutmypreviouslife,soIdarenotmakeimpropercommentsonafterlife.ButIdohopethere’safterlife!Becauseourpresentlifeissoshortthatsomanythingsslipawaybeforeourproperunderstanding.Ihavesomanydreams,somanywishes,somanyambitio,aswellassomanyregretsandconcer.Iftherewerenoafterlife,allofthemwillremainunrealized!

I’

mnotcontentedwiththepresentcommolacelife,I’mverymuchattachedtotheaffectiothatshouldhavebeenminebuthavebeenwashedawaybythehurryingtime,andIyearnfortheperfectionandmaturityifIcouldstartalloveragain.Sobelieveitornot,I’

drathertherewereafterlife.TralatedbyZhangBaodan(Diana)

May1,200

4假如没有来世北京外国语大学北戴河外语培训基地校长宋远利

有没有来世，众说纷纭。无神论者，不相信来世。他们认为从生到死，仅此而已。他们可能在意身后的英名，他们可能留恋后代的亲情，但他们不寄希望于来世。他们也会说善有善报，恶有恶报，但并不相信下辈子报应什么。

在宗教领域、或在一些迷信的人群，来世之说比较盛行。不仅是来世，甚至会认为有千百次的轮回。在那未知而飘渺的世界，有天堂，有地狱，有神族，有仙界，有菩萨、有佛祖。

也许真的相信、也许是为了利用人们的敬畏心里，古代的帝王们总是宣称自己是真龙天子，大臣们则标榜为天上的什么文曲星、武曲星或太白金星转世。星星能转世吗？

许多人烧香、磕头，行善、修德，并不都是为了眼前，而是为了让上天看见自己的真诚，以便下辈子有个好的托生，或者几世之后能修成正果。这些人自然是相信来世的。但我不禁要问：如果没有来世，你们会不会一样行善、修德呢？如果神灵看不见，你们是否也会公正无私呢？如果不是为了解脱他人和服务大众才去修行，如果仅仅是为了自己将来托生好才去行善，是否有些自私呢？比较起来，那些不相信来世而又坚持行善的人，则应该是最真、最诚的大善。因为他们不是为自身，而是为公理。

也许有人会问作者，你相信来世吗？我的回答是：我不知道前生，因而也不敢妄谈后世。但我真的希望能有来世！因为这辈子时间太短，许多事情都是在还没弄明白的时候，就已经匆匆过去了。我有那么多的理想，我有那么多的心愿，我有那么多的奢望，我有那么多的遗憾，我有那么多的牵挂，我有那么多的雄心壮志，如果没有来世，那就一切皆空了。

我不甘心眼前的碌碌无为，我留恋被岁月冲走的本应属于我的亲情，更向往从头再来的完美和成熟。为此，信也好，不信也好，我宁愿有来世。

宋远利

2003．6．22

EMAIL:SongYuanLi52@yahoo.com.cn

英语演讲稿（中英文对照） 篇2

Discourse markers (henceforth DMs) are widely used in many languages.They are defined as a class of lexical expression drawn primarily from the syntactic classes of conjunction, adverbs, and prepositional phrases[1].As one of the top ten word categories, they play a fundamental role in spoken interaction[2,3].On average, an‘utterance particle’is found in every 1.5 seconds in continuous talk[4].

You know can serve as a meta-knowledge indicator, and its function of calling attention is evident as well, it ultimately leads to the increasing of shared knowledge or cognitive mutuality between the participants and it can be concluded that such a discourse marker appears as a result of adaptation to the context in communication[5].Although the literal meaning of you know implies that knowledge on the part of the hearer, research agree that this DM functions to create focus on the information it frames, not express that the hearer dose in fact know what is being said[6].Schiffin[7]suggests that you know marks information and can be used to state unknown information which the speakers hope the hearer will understand.Dong Xiaoming[8]investigates the Chinese students’usage of DM you know from the perspective of the overall frequencies, collocation, positions, core meanings and especially pragmatics functions.The conclusion is Chinese students do not use DM you know as often as native speakers do;Chinese learners can use DM you know in a proper way most of the time even though they use less you know than native speakers.

2. Methodology

The corpora of this paper includes two sets of debates:native Chinese speakers’English debates and native speakers’English debate.Native Chinese speakers’English debates (NCD) are from the seventh“FLTRP cup”National English Debating Competition, which is popular and familiar to the university students for many years in China.The total number of this corpus is 15, 594.Native English speakers’English debates (NED) are taken from the presidential debates between Obama and McCain in 2007.The transcription of the presidential debate is cited from the CNN net (www.cnn.com) , including 15, 798 words.

3. Data Analysis and Discussion

The following table shows that the Chinese speakers use much less you know than the native speakers which are the same with Ran Yongping[9]and Xu Jie[10]and this issue exists in the different spoken corpus.

the comparison of you know between NED and NCD

Example 1:

Xia Tian:……and also my dear friend mentioned in his first speech that in a modern city there we have modern ways of communication, you know, you can reach anyone easily this world now by emails, phones and weather.

Example 2:

Xia Tian:Yes, we admit that the urbanization improves the living conditions, but that does not equal to living quality.You know, the living quality as you mentioned in your part, have two components.

Example 3:

Xia Tian:……It’s because we realize that we have already done something, the damage to the environment that we cannot, you know, get them back as it was before.So that is why we find out these solutions for a back-up idea, but if you have thought about this.

Here are the only three examples of you know in the NCD.

The first you know means the next information is the common views.Xia said in his definition in his first speech have mentioned that the quality of living is more but on the human beings’satisfaction on the certain foundation of materials.Then he memorized that in the one of the opponents’speech that in a modern city there we have modern ways of communication.Then he used DM you know to draw the common view that you can reach anyone easily this world now by emails, phones and weather.

The second DM you know has the function of mention.At first, Xia stated that we admit that the urbanization improves the living conditions, but that does not equal to living quality.Then he wanted to mention the two components of the living quality as the opponent mentioned before.So he used DM you know to mention the opponents what he said before.

And the last you know has the same function as the first one The DM You know let the people realized that if we have already done something, the damage to the environment that we cannot get them back as it was before which is the common view known by nearly everyone.

From the above three examples, from one person Xia Tian, no one else use it.But in the NED, the usage of you know are average and have other functions.Schiffrin[11]suggests that you know markers information state and could be used to present unknown information, which the speaker wished to have been accepted by the hearer.Look at the following examples of you know in NED:

Example 4:

OBAMA:We look at some of the underlying issues that have led to wages and incomes for ordinary Americans to go down the--a health care system that is broken, energy policies that are not working, because, you know, 10 days ago, John said that the fundamentals of the economy are sound.

Obama mentioned that the health care system is broken and at the same time the energy policies are not working.The reason is the fundamentals of the economy are sound which pit forwarded by John.Although the reason was known by Obama, he did not sure if McCain known or not.He hoped that McCain known it.So he used you know and stated the present unknown information and hope it will be accepted by McCain and other audiences.

Example 5:

OBAMA:…But it’s an example of this notion that the market can always solve everything and that the less regulation we have, the better off we’re going to be.

MCCAIN:Well, you know, let me just...

Example 6:

OBAMA:…And, John, I--you’re absolutely right that presidents have to be prudent in what they say.But, you know, coming from you, who, you know, in the past has threatened extinction for North Korea and, you know, sung songs about bombing Iran, I don’t know, you know, how credible that is.I think this is the right strategy.

Every minute in the debate are so precious.But there still many discourse markers are used in the debate, such as you know, which waste a great deal of time while having no meaning.But this kind of function didn’t exist in NCD.

4. Pedagogical implication

According the discussion above, the findings of this paper have some pedagogical implications.

There still exist some differences between the native English speakers and non-native English speakers on the usage of discourse markers, especially about the location and quantity.Because of the frequent usage of DMs, the students need more knowledge abou them and how to use them in language learning.According to our knowledge, there is no certain course which teaches students what discourse markers are and how to use them.And the usage of discourse markers in some degree depends on the habit of students themselves.So the teacher should give them a rough idea of DMs to them.It is suggested that students can be given more opportunities to do search and pay attention to observe how the native speakers use them and try to intimate the usage of discourse markers.And then, they could have a role play, for example, the English debate, to practice using them.We could have record about our debate, and transcript it, and then make a comparison with the native speakers especially for the people who wanted to have an English Debate Competition.Finding the mistakes and differences with the native English speakers, the student could have a deep understanding and memory of the usage of discourse markers.Moreover, the teacher should select some main discourse marks, especially well, you know ok to teach which are frequently used in our conversation.The students could first realize the functions of these words and then try to practice how to use the DMs correctly and efficiently.

摘要：This paper, based on Discourse Markers (DM) you know, contrast some functions that exist in the English debate, as the United State presidential debate and the 7th" FLTRP CUP" national English debating competition for example.Except some analysis about the quantity and location of DM you know in the debate, there are also some pedagogical implications.Let people have a further understanding about discourse marker you know.

参考文献

[1]Fraser, B.1999 What are discourse markers[J].Journal ofPragmatics 31 (1999) 931-952.

[2]Allwood, J.1996.Talspraksfrekvenser.Gothenburg Papers inTheoretical Linguistics S20[M].Department of linguistics, G?teborgUniversity.

[3]Carter, R.A.&M.J.McCarthy.2006 Cambridge Grammarof English:A Comprehensive Guide to Spoken and Written Grammarand Usage[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

[4]Luke, K.K.1987‘The establishment of common groundin natural conversation:The case of the utterance particle LA inCantonese’[R].Paper read at the 1987 International PragmaticsConference, Antwerp.

[5], [9]冉永平.2002.话语标记语you know的语用增量辨析[J].解放军外国语学院学报. (4) :10-15.

[6]熊晓敏.2006.《对话》节目中的话语标记语的使用状况分析[D].华中科技大学硕士论文.

[7], [11]Schiffrin, D.1987.Discourse markers[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

[8]董晓铭.2008.中国学习者话语标记语you know的用法研究[D].大连海事大学硕士论文.

英语演讲稿（中英文对照） 篇3

In the newest series American Captain, this great man still try to fight against the bad guys and maintain the world peace with his powerful team. While the problem comes during their missions, the team causes so many death and the loss of the public property. Then American Captain was asked to sign a deal to limit their movements but he refused.

I am always a big fan of these comic books, but the newest movie shows me the unacceptable idea of the great man. The responsibility should always come first for the hero, such as batman and superman, they treat the people’s lives in the first place. They will feel very guilty for causing the loss of the public property. So fighting for peace doesn’t mean the big man don’t have to consider the bad results he brings.

电影《美国队长》在世界各地都很受欢迎,许多孩子把主人公当作他们的英雄。美国队长的形象代表了美国,他向世界展示了正义与和平。而最新的系列向我展示了对这位英雄的不同看法。

在最新系列的《美国队长》中,这位伟人仍然在和他强大的队伍试图打击坏人,维护世界和平。问题在他们执行任务时,团队会导致很多人死亡和公共财产的损失。然后美国队长被要求签署协议来限制他们的行动,但是他拒绝了。

英语演讲稿（中英文对照） 篇4

奥巴马北京演讲稿(中英文对照)

奥巴马(欧巴马)和胡锦涛于11月17日在北京举行联合新闻记者会，分别发表讲话。奥巴马总统的讲话全文，英语演讲稿+翻译。

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.I want to start by thanking President Hu and the Chinese people for the warmth and hospitality that they have shown myself and our delegation since we arrived.We had a wonderful day in Shanghai yesterday, a wonderful discussion with China’s young men and women, and I’m looking forward to the conversations we’ll have and the sights that we’ll see here in Beijing over the next two days.奥巴马总统：下午好。首先我要感谢胡主席和中国人民从我们到来后给予我和代表团的热情款待。昨天，我们在上海度过了非常愉快的一天，同中国男女青年进行了一次十分愉快的讨论。我期待着我们今明两天将在北京进行的会谈和景点参观。

We meet here at a time when the relationship between the United States and China has never been more important to our collective future.The major challenges of the 21st century, from climate change to nuclear proliferation to economic recovery, are challenges that touch both our nations, and challenges that neither of our nations can solve by acting alone.我们是在美中关系对我们的共同未来具有前所未有的重要性的时刻在这里举行会晤。21世纪的各项重大挑战，无论是气候变化、核扩散还是经济复苏，都与我们两个国家相关，而且哪个国家都不能通过单独行动来对付这些挑战。

That’s why the United States welcomes China’s efforts in playing a greater role on the world stage--a role in which a growing economy is joined by growing responsibilities.And that’s why President Hu and I talked about continuing to build a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship between our nations.这就是为什么美国欢迎中国努力在世界舞台上发挥更大的作用——这个作用意味着伴随经济发展而增长的责任。这也就是为什么胡主席和我都谈到要继续建立积极合作全面的美中关系。

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世纪金榜 圆您梦想 As President Hu indicated, we discussed what’s required to sustain this economic recovery so that economic growth is followed by the creation of new jobs and lasting prosperity.So far China’s partnership has proved critical in our effort to pull ourselves out of the worst recession in generations.如胡主席所说，我们讨论了要使经济复苏持续所必须采取的措施，以便使经济增长带来新的就业机会，实现持久繁荣。迄今，与中国的伙伴关系被证明在我们为摆脱几代人以来最严重的衰退所作的努力中至关重要。

Going forward, we agreed to advance the pledge made at the G20 summit in Pittsburgh and pursue a strategy of more balanced economic growth--a strategy where America saves more, spends less, reduces our long-term debt, and where China makes adjustments across a broad range of policies to rebalance its economy and spur domestic demand.This will lead to increased U.S.exports and jobs, on the one hand, and higher living standards in China on the other.展望未来，我们同意推进我们在匹兹堡20国集团峰会上所作的保证，实施经济更平衡增长的策略。根据这一策略，美国要增加储蓄，降低消费，减少长期债务，而中国则要进行各项政策调整以平衡经济，刺激内需。这样，将一方面增加美国的出口和就业机会，另一方面提高中国的生活水平。

As President Hu indicated, we also agreed that maintaining open market and free flows of commerce in both our nations will contribute to our shared prosperity.And I was pleased to note the Chinese commitment, made in past statements, to move toward a more market-oriented exchange rate over time.I emphasized in our discussions, and have others in the region, that doing so based on economic fundamentals would make an essential contribution to the global rebalancing effort.如胡主席所说，我们还一致认为，保持我们两国市场的开放和商贸的自由流通将能增进我们的共同繁荣。我很高兴地注意到，中国多次表示了对逐步实现在更大程度上由市场决定汇率的承诺。我在双方以及在与地区其他各方的讨论中强调，这样按照基本经济原理行事将是对全球经济的重新平衡的重大贡献。

President Hu and I also made progress on the issue of climate change.As the two largest consumers and producers of energy, there can be no solution to this challenge without the efforts of both China 第2页（共6页）

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世纪金榜 圆您梦想 and the United States.That’s why we’ve agreed to a series of important new initiatives in this area.As President Hu indicated, we are creating a joint clean energy research center, and have achieved agreements on energy efficiency, renewable energy, cleaner uses of coal, electric vehicles, and shale gas.胡主席和我在气候变化问题上也取得了进展。作为能源的最大消费国和生产国，没有中美两国的共同努力就无法成功地应对这一挑战。因此我们同意在这一领域采取一系列新的重要行动。胡主席已说明，我们将设立一个清洁能源联合研究中心，我们还就能效、可再生能源、清洁使用煤炭、电动车辆和页岩气等问题达成一致。

We also agreed to work toward a successful outcome in Copenhagen.Our aim there, in support of what Prime Minister Rasmussen of Denmark is trying to achieve, is not a partial accord or a political declaration, but rather an accord that covers all of the issues in the negotiations, and one that has immediate operational effect.This kind of comprehensive agreement would be an important step forward in the effort to rally the world around a solution to our climate challenge.And we agreed that each of us would take significant mitigation actions and stand behind these commitments.我们还同意为哥本哈根会议取得成果而努力。为支持丹麦首相拉斯穆森（Rasmussen）所争取实现的目标，我们将不是致力于一项局部性的协议，也不是一份政治宣言，而是一项包含谈判涉及的所有问题的协议，一项可立即运作的协议。这样的全面协议将使动员全世界共同应对气候挑战的努力向前跨出重要一步。我们同意，双方都将采取重大的减缓行动，坚定地履行这些承诺。

On the issue of nonproliferation, President Hu and I discussed our shared commitment to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, and I told him how appreciative I am of China’s support for the global nonproliferation regime as well as the verifiable elimination of North Korea’s nuclear weapons program.在防扩散问题上，胡主席和我讨论了制止核武器扩散的共同承诺，我向胡主席表示了我对中国支持全球防扩散制度和可验证地消除北韩核武器项目的极大赞赏。

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世纪金榜 圆您梦想 We agreed on the importance of resuming the six-party talks as soon as possible.As I said in Tokyo, North Korea has a choice: It can continue down the path of confrontation and provocation that has led to less security, less prosperity, and more isolation from the global community, or it can choose to become a full member of the international community, which will give a better life to its people by living up to international obligations and foregoing nuclear weapons.我们一致认为尽快恢复六方会谈是重要的。正如我在东京说过的，北韩面临一个选择：它可以继续沿着对峙挑衅的道路走下去，结果只会是安全更少，繁荣更小，在全球社会中更加孤立；它也可以选择成为国际社会的正式成员，恪守国际义务，放弃核武器，让自己的人民过上更好的生活。

In the same way, we agreed that the Islamic Republic of Iran must provide assurances to the international community that its nuclear program is peaceful and transparent.On this point, our two nations and the rest of our P5-plus-1 partners are unified.Iran has an opportunity to present and demonstrate its peaceful intentions, but if it fails to take this opportunity there will be consequences.同样地，我们也一致认为伊朗伊斯兰共和国必须向国际社会提供保证，保证其核项目是和平而且透明的。在这一点上，我们两国和五常加一的其他伙伴国意见一致。伊朗有此机会展示和表明其和平的目的，但如果它没能利用这次机会，则将面临后果。

President Hu and I also discussed our mutual interest in security and stability of Afghanistan and Pakistan.And neither country can or should be used as a base for terrorism, and we agreed to cooperate more on meeting this goal, including bringing about more stable, peaceful relations in all of South Asia.胡锦涛主席和我还讨论了我们对阿富汗和巴基斯坦的安全和稳定的共同利益。这两个国家都不能也不应该成为恐怖分子的基地。我们同意为达到这个目标加深合作，包括在整个南亚建设更稳定、和平的关系。

Finally, as I did yesterday in Shanghai, I spoke to President Hu about America’s bedrock beliefs that all men and women possess certain fundamental human rights.We do not believe these principles are unique to America, but rather they are universal rights and that they should be available to all peoples, to all ethnic and religious minorities.And our two countries agreed to 第4页（共6页）

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世纪金榜 圆您梦想 continue to move this discussion forward in a human rights dialogue that is scheduled for early next year.最后，如同我昨天在上海时一样，我向胡锦涛主席谈了美国的基本信念，即人人都有某些最基本的人权。我们不认为这些原则是美国特有的，它们是普遍的权利。各国人民，各个少数民族和宗教少数派都应该享有。我们两国同意在定于明年年初举行的人权对话中继续推动这种讨论。

As President Hu indicated, the United States respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China.And once again, we have reaffirmed our strong commitment to a one-China policy.正如胡锦涛主席指出的那样，美国尊重中国的主权和领土完整。我们再次重申对一个中国政策的承诺。

We did note that while we recognize that Tibet is part of the People’s Republic of China, the United States supports the early resumption of dialogue between the Chinese government and representatives of the Dalai Lama to resolve any concerns and differences that the two sides may have.We also applauded the steps that the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan have already taken to relax tensions and build ties across the Taiwan Strait.我们的确指出，尽管我们承认西藏是中华人民共和国的一部分，但美国支持中国政府与**喇嘛的代表早日恢复对话，以解决双方存在的担忧和分歧。我们也对中华人民共和国和台湾已经采取的缓和紧张局势和建立海峡两岸联系的步骤表示赞赏。

Our own policy, based on the three U.S.-China communiqués and the Taiwan Relations Act, supports the further development of these ties--ties that are in the interest of both sides, as well as the broader region and the United States.基于美中三个联合公报和《台湾关系法》，我们自身的政策是支持继续发展这些关系——这些关系有利于双方，有利于更广大的地区和美国。

These are just some of the issues that President Hu and I discussed.But we also know that the relationship between our two nations goes far beyond any single issue.In this young century, the 第5页（共6页）

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世纪金榜 圆您梦想 jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek, all these things are shared.这些只是胡锦涛主席和我讨论的问题的一部分。但是，我们也知道，我们两国的关系远远超出任何单一问题。置身这个世纪的初期，我们所做的工作，所创建的繁荣，所保护的环境，所寻求的安全——所有这一切都是共同分享的。

Given that interconnection, I do not believe that one country’s success must come at the expense of another.That’s why the United States welcomes China as a strong, prosperous and successful member of the community of nations.鉴于这种相互关联，我不认为一个国家的成功必须以牺牲另一个国家的利益为代价。这就是为什么美国欢迎中国成为国际社会中一个强大、繁荣和成功的成员。

Our relationship going forward will not be without disagreement or difficulty.But because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and secure.We’ve seen what’s possible when we build upon our mutual interests and engage on the basis of equality and mutual respect.And I very much look forward to deepening that engagement and understanding during this trip and in the months and years to come.我们未来的关系不会没有分歧和困难。但由于我们的合作，美国和中国都更繁荣、更安全。我们已经看到，当我们在互利的基础上发展、在平等和相互尊重的基础上往来时能够取得什么样的成果。我非常期待在这次访问中和在未来的岁月里，加深这种交往和理解。

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英语励志名言中英文对照 篇5

学习如逆水行舟，不进则退。

Learning without thought is useless; thought without learning is dangerous

学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

There is no end to learning

学无止境。

Ignorance is the curse of God, knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven——William Shakespeare

无知乃是罪恶，知识乃是我们借以飞向天堂的翅膀。——莎士比亚

It is harder to conceal ignorance than to acquire knowledge

掩盖无知要比学到知识更难。

Not ignorance, but the ignorance of ignorance, is the death of knowledge

不是无知本身，而是对无知的无知，才是知识的死亡。

Nothing is more terrible than ignorance in action

最可怕的事莫过于无知而行动。

Wisdom is more precious than wealth

智慧比财富更宝贵。

The wise man is always a good listener

智者善听人言。

Wise men are silent; fools talk

蠢人多话，智者寡言。

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man——Bacon

读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，写作使人严谨。——培根

He that can read an meditate will not find his evenings long or life tedious

英语演讲稿（中英文对照） 篇6

一翻译目的论的基本涵义

翻译目的论, 其鼻祖是德国的翻译理论家费米尔, 早于20世纪70年代就提出了这样的系列模式。对于翻译界来讲, 这样的全新的模式的确存在着一定的意义, 所谓的翻译目的论, 其研究的焦点在于目的的选择, 在翻译的过程中, 基于一定的目的去进行翻译。在他看来, 翻译不仅仅是语言之间的等价交换, 其更多的是在一定的环境下, 基于一定的目的的人类交流。

翻译往往带有一定的目的性, 是符合目的理论的言语学科。其在1984年与赖斯实现了合作, 最终推出了书籍一本, 即《普通翻译理论基础》, 书本对于翻译目的论的基本规则进行了详细的介绍, 主要涉及以下几个方面: (1) 翻译的文本有赖于译者的目的; (2) 翻译的资料是语言和文化的给予者, 源文本是源语言和文化的给予者;在翻译的过程中, 两者的语言和文化实现了沟通; (3) 翻译文本不是对于源语言的机械, 全面的语言还原; (4) 翻译文本之间存在一定的联系, 上述的五个方面的重要性是不断递减的, 其中的目的原则是最重要的。从这样的次序排列可以看出, 在他看来翻译目的论的核心是第一点, 翻译的主要因素取决于翻译的目的。

二我国高校网页中英文对照的重要性和必要性

翻译目的论对于我国高校网页中英文对照的实际水平有着一定的意义, 本文将从这个角度来审视我国高校重视网页中英文对照的重要性和必要性。首先, 这是高等教育网络化的客观要求, 现阶段由于网络被大面积使用到高校的办学过程中, 在网页的建设上开展相关的研究也就成了必要的内容;其次, 这是树立高校学校形象的主要方式, 现阶段我国教育不断发展, 趋向于国际化的发展模式要求进行网页的英文编辑;最后, 实现国际学术交流的必然要求, 目前我国的部分高校有着很多的留学生教育, 如此的网页设计有利于在此方面工作的顺利开展。

综上所述, 中国高校的英文网页制作的质量关系重大, 不仅仅代表着高校的形象, 更是体现了我国教育的国际化。在参考西方部分高校的网站建设的时候, 我们结合自身网站的建设, 还是看到很大差异, 尤其是在翻译目的论下体现出的差异, 已将我们的网页水平下降到一定的水平。无论是网页上的错误译法, 还是网页上的翻译漏洞, 都对大学网站建设不利, 都在交流上出现很多的问题, 这是我们不想看到的。也是作为高校, 必须不断去探索和发现的问题, 以求不断提高网页中英文对照的水平, 更好地实现文化的交流。

三翻译目的论视角下的高校网页中英文对照

在翻译目的论的视角下, 我国高校网页制作上的中英文对照出现了很多失误和不足, 在这些方面还需要作出相应的调整, 主要可从以下几方面入手:

1. 具备尊重受众, 尊重读者的意识

翻译目的论, 要求在翻译的过程中以受众为出发点, 实现宏观层面上的翻译工作。实际上来讲, 它涉及翻译的全部过程, 对于译文的预定能力有着一定程度上的影响。在目的上出现失误, 主要是指译者在翻译的过程中, 缺乏尊重受众, 尊重读者的意识, 造成译文和读者的接受程度不符合。依照翻译目的论的理论, 译者需要依据译文预期的目的和功能来确定使用什么样的翻译技巧和翻译原则。这在高校的网页英文对照的过程中需要重视这一点, 对于学校的介绍不要将那些中国化的宣传直接翻译成英语, 而是结合英文读者的习惯去解释和说明学校的概况。

2. 具备尊重习语, 尊重译入语的习惯

翻译目的论主张, 原文是译文的信息提供者, 追求同样的性质, 同样数量的信息传达, 是译者做不到的事情。在此观点看来, 对外宣传的英语翻译首先要在明确目的之后, 保证读者和接受者在接受信息时不受到影响。结合英国当代翻译理论家诺伊贝特的观点, 对外宣传的翻译要完全结合目的语言, 也就是说要结合译入语的使用习惯、使用方式和使用频率, 从而实现与原始语言的用语习惯的一致性。在高校网页内容编辑过程中, 要尊重相关的习语使用, 尤其是在学校的专业介绍的版块上, 有些专业的术语尽量做到和语言上的一致, 充分体现出译入语的文化和气息, 这一点在我国高校网页编辑上做的不是很理想, 还需要不断强化。

3. 具备尊重原文, 尊重原文预期的态度

在翻译目的论看来, 译文的预期读者, 译文的受众都是对于中国大学比较感兴趣的人, 他们要么是想进修中国高校的学生, 要么是希望了解中国高校教育或希望和中国文化实现交流的学者, 或是希望和中国高校实现合作的外企人士。对于这些群体进行分析, 我们可以看到, 他们往往缺少一定的中国文化知识背景, 在此要求在翻译操作时注意适当的调整, 对于一些原文的内容, 进行详细的批注和解释, 将有利于其顺利地理解网站的内容, 这就是要求做到尊重原文的预期内容, 尊重原文的宣传目的。

4. 具备尊重文化, 尊重文化差异的素质

翻译目的论认为, 翻译应符合目的语文化的习惯。此时文化, 即社会个体成员为了实现异同点熟知的规范和惯例。文化性差异的存在是客观的、难以避免的, 在翻译过程中就是指译文和译语言之间在惯例和规范上出现了冲突, 这是要使用同化和异化的方式, 使翻译尽量做到符合目标语言的文化思维, 实际上文化性翻译失误的情况常常发生, 这就是因为译者没有注意内外有别、文化差异的原因。在高校网页的建设中, 要求译者做到尊重文化, 尊重文化的差异性, 做出适当的调整, 使高校的网站内容趋向于英语国家的表达习惯。

综上所述, 翻译的标准是多样化的, 翻译的目的也是多样化的。相应的翻译手段、翻译的方式也是多样化的。以目的论为理论基础, 我们可以看到, 为什么现在的翻译界出现了如此多的翻译标准, 因为翻译的目的发生变化, 其相应要做的改变也是多方面的。这也对译者提出了相应的要求, 其在翻译的过程中, 需要作出的改善也是必然的。

四结束语

综上所述, 以互联网为基础建立的网页内容, 在新的形势下需要做的改善是多方面的, 需要不断调整, 尤其要以翻译目的论为基础, 广泛开展高校网页内容的改善和修正, 以语言的精炼、准确、高效为目标, 实现文化的有效交流。从而推动我国高校国际化发展的趋势。为此我们需要在以下几方面做好工作: (1) 具备尊重受众, 尊重读者的意识; (2) 具备尊重习语, 尊重译入语的习惯; (3) 具备尊重原文, 尊重原文预期的态度; (4) 具备尊重文化, 尊重文化差异的素质。相信在不断的探索和研究中, 我国高校在网页质量上将会出现很大的改观。

摘要：本文基于翻译目的论的相关理论, 从翻译目的论的起源, 谈及翻译目的论的基本原则, 在此基础上以翻译目的论的视角, 去审视现阶段我国高校网页的中英文对照, 在进过一系列的研究后, 发现翻译目的论的确在我国高校网页的中英文翻译中得到了广泛的使用。其对于以后的网页中英文对照研究具有一定的历史意义, 是很值得去深究的领域。

关键词：翻译目的论,高校网页,中英文对照

参考文献

[1]孙迎春.“翻译标准多元互补论”研究[J].外语与外语教学, 2003 (8)

[2]卞正东.翻译目的论[J].无锡教育学院学报, 2004 (3)

机械专业英语词汇中英文对照 篇7

金属工艺学 technology of metals刀具 cutter摩擦 friction联结 link

传动 drive/transmission轴 shaft弹性 elasticity

频率特性 frequency characteristic误差 error响应 response定位 allocation机床夹具 jig动力学 dynamic运动学 kinematic静力学 static

分析力学 analyse mechanics拉伸 pulling压缩 hitting剪切 shear扭转 twist

弯曲应力 bending stress

强度 intensity

三相交流电 three-phase AC磁路 magnetic circles变压器 transformer

异步电动机 asynchronous motor几何形状 geometrical精度 precision正弦形的 sinusoid交流电路 AC circuit

机械加工余量 machining allowance变形力 deforming force变形 deformation应力 stress硬度 rigidity热处理 heat treatment退火 anneal正火 normalizing脱碳 decarburization渗碳 carburization电路 circuit

半导体元件 semiconductor element反馈 feedback

发生器 generator

直流电源 DC electrical source门电路 gate circuit逻辑代数 logic algebra

外圆磨削 external grinding内圆磨削 internal grinding平面磨削 plane grinding变速箱 gearbox离合器 clutch绞孔 fraising绞刀 reamer

螺纹加工 thread processing螺钉 screw铣削 mill

铣刀 milling cutter功率 power工件 workpiece

齿轮加工 gear mechining齿轮 gear

主运动 main movement

主运动方向 direction of main movement进给方向 direction of feed

进给运动 feed movement

合成进给运动 resultant movement of feed合成切削运动 resultant movement of cutting

合成切削运动方向 direction of resultant

movement of cutting切削深度 cutting depth前刀面 rake face刀尖 nose of tool前角 rake angle后角 clearance angle龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck

加工中心 machining center车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削 镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith

锻 forge压模 stamping焊 weld

拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造 found

流体动力学 fluid dynamics流体力学 fluid mechanics加工 machining

液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent

机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration

气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure

稳定性 stability

介质 medium

液压驱动泵 fluid clutch

液压泵 hydraulic pump

阀门 valve

失效 invalidation

强度 intensity

载荷 load

应力 stress

安全系数 safty factor可靠性 reliability螺纹 thread螺旋 helix键 spline销 pin

滚动轴承 rolling bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing弹簧 spring

制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead联轴器 coupling链 chain

皮带 strap

精加工 finish machining

粗加工 rough machining

变速箱体 gearbox casing

腐蚀 rust

氧化 oxidation

磨损 wear

耐用度 durability