高考英语必背英语作文（精选8篇）
Though we lead a better life, our health is becoming worse now. So “EXERCISE ONE HOUR A DAY，KEEP ILLNESS AWAY” has been raised by the government.
At noon or after school we play ball games, swimming and running. Look!The playground seems smaller because lots of students are playing on it.The school life has become colorful and we are energetic.As a result we study harder and better.
书面表达在高考英语试卷中占据着举足轻重的地位。它检查考生驾驭和综合运用所学单词、短语、语法知识的能力, 测试考生清楚自如地用英语进行表达的熟练程度。高考英语书面表达分值在整个考卷中占有极大比重, 作文不过关, 不可能获得高分。近几年的高考书面表达具有贴近生活、注重创新与自主多元三个特色, 这也是本年度英语高考书面表达题命题的三大亮点。
1. 内容切入生活, 形式多种多样
总的来说, 今年的高考书面表达试题大多能够真正地从课本出发, 从英语课堂出发, 从学生生活出发, 并与时代热点紧密贴合, 内容上以校园生活为主, 引导学生关注生活, 给了考生们更大的发挥空间;形式呈现多样化的趋势。这一特点对往年高考的一个最好延续。
2. 突破思维定势, 高举创新旗帜
高考改革在不断深入, 其改革精神在高考试题中体现日益明显, 高考试题对教学的指导意义才更突出。摆脱教材绝对权威的束缚, 突破以往某些方面的思维定势, 学会创造性地思考问题, 已势在必行。今年高考英语试题书面表达的突破创新, 既有内容上的也有形式上的;内容上的突破, 即在材料选取与对材料运用的要求上与往年有所不同;形式上的突破主要指体裁上的突破, 近年来英语作文体裁, 主要分为叙述类、实用文类 (包括书信、卡片、说明、留言、填写表格等类) 、图表类、论证类等, 自主命题以来, 多数省市考查的体裁相对固定。
3. 鼓励个性和创意, 彰显自主和多元
写作是运用语言文字进行表达和交流的重要方式, 是学生认识世界、自我认识, 进行创造性表述的过程。近年来, 英语高考作文命题尽可能减少写作束缚, 尊重学生的需要, 开放思想, 激发学生表达的欲望, 为学生自主写作提供有利的条件和广阔的空间。今年高考作文命题在这方面的表现尤为突出, 题目设置的条件明显放宽, 鼓励学生自由、有个性、有创意地表达, 使作文内容更趋多元化个性化。显然, 这样的命题实际上是让写作主体 (即我) 真正成为作文的主角, 让“我”可以更自主地表达自己的所思所。
二、写作技巧
如何有效提高学生的英语写作水平的关键在于让学生学会一些写作技巧。拿到一篇作文题目要知道写什么、怎样构思、如何润色。
1. 审准题意, 明确要求
目前高考作文以控制性写作为主, 通常会借助图画、图表、表格、文字提示等题材形式呈现, 所涉及到的体裁通常有人物介绍、活动记述、热点议论、观点对比、书信日记等。不管是什么样的题材、体裁, 考生在下笔之前必须认真读题、仔细观察、明确要求。
(1) 确定主题
一篇作文要是没有明确的主题和鲜明的观点, 那就成了无本之木、散沙一盘。要是主题偏差, 那文章就迷失了方向, 自然也就失去了写作的价值和意义。
(2) 确定时态
虽然不同体裁的作文可能用不同的时态进行叙述, 但一篇作文是一个有机整体, 其中大多数句子应统一用一种基础时态。如故事和日记最好用过去时态, 而说理性和评论性作文通常用现在时态, 申请书、通知则多半用将来时态。
(3) 确定人称
有些作文题目明确指出用第几人称。而大多数情况下, 需要考生自己去判断该用哪一个人称。
(4) 确定文体
不同文体开头、结尾有不同的格式要求。并非所有的作文题目都为考生写好了开头、结尾, 所以有必要在平时练习中弄清楚、并记住各种文体的格式。如书信和电子邮件开头应有称呼语、问侯语, 结尾应有祝福词和落款。日记开头应标明日期、星期几、天气情况。口头通知 (Announcement) 在称呼语之后, 一般以“ (May I have your) attention, please”开头, 结尾应说“That’s all.Thank you (for listening) ”, 而书面通知 (Notice) 只需结尾署名落款。
2. 理顺要点, 分清层次
在写任何一篇作文之前, 必须有一个总体的构想和设计, 不仅要知道写什么内容, 还应对如何安排段落和层次做到心中有数。
(1) 明确要点
一般来说, 仅仅写文字提示和图画、图表、表格已明确给出的要点是不够的。考生还必须挖掘出两三个隐含的要点, 尤其是作文的开头 (第一段) 和结尾 (最后一段) 写什么, 需要考生自己开动脑筋去发现要点、组织语言。否则就可能会要点不全、表达不完整。另外, 如果给出了一些相关的参考词汇, 要尽量想办法在作文中用上这些参考词汇。
(2) 增补细节
高考书面表达以半开放式作文居多。题目只会对考生写作的方向和思路作一些提示, 考生必须根据提示语展开联想并补充出具体的写作内容和细节。
(3) 布局段落
高考作文以三段式为宜。第一段的作用是引入话题, 通常两句话即可, 第一句话为引出话题做必要的铺垫, 第二句话开门见山地提出本文话题和观点。事实上, 这两句话的信息都可从作文题干叙述中信手拈来。题目已明确给出的要点可以全部放在第二段叙述。第三段通常要求写出自己的看法、感想、希望等, 考生必须围绕全文中心话题做灵活巧妙的扩展和适度贴切的延伸。
(4) 划分层次
第二段是三段式作文的正文, 也是全文的重心所在。考生可以按时间、空间、重要性、逻辑联系、正反对比等一定的顺序, 合理有序地安排和组织好所有的要点及论据。否则就会有杂乱无章, 层次不明之感。
3. 精打细磨, 提升品质
明确了写作要点, 布局好文章结构之后, 一篇作文就初具雏形了。但考生还应在词汇选择、句式变化、连贯通畅等方面反复推敲、精心润色才能提升作文的档次和品质, 达到相对完美的境界。
(1) 遣词造句, 连句成篇
依据简单句的基本句型, 将各个要点翻译成正确通顺的英语句子, 进而连句成篇。翻译时要尽量用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词汇和短语, 特别注意句子结构的完整性和词语的固定搭配。尤其要确认每个句子都不残缺谓语动词, 时态、语态正确无误。
(2) 摒弃单调, 避免重复
在表达要点时, 要尽量注意语言形式的多样化, 避免单调和重复。与主题相关的词语常常会多次重复出现, 应注意同义词、 (下转第15页) (上接第26页) 近义词和代词的使用;百分数应多用“most”“many”“much”“some”“a few”“a little”“a quarter”“half”“three quarters”“double”“more than”“less than”“almost”“nearly”等词替换或修饰。在有把握的情况下适量使用含定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的主从复合句, 使文章增色添彩, 提高作文的含金量。
(3) 精心润色, 自然过渡
一篇作文是一个有机整体、句与句之间、段与段之间必然存在其内在的逻辑联系, 所以考生有必要恰当地使用一些过渡性词句, 使自己的作文浑然一体、脉络清晰、层层展开。
三、结语
综上所述, 一篇优秀的高考作文绝不是单词的简单堆积, 句子的无序排列。我们应力求做到结构完整、主题突出、内容翔实、语言无误、表达顺畅、富于变化。当然, 这也绝非一蹴而就的易事, 需要长期的细心琢磨、勤写多练方能功到自然成。
摘要：书面表达在高考英语试卷中占据着举足轻重的地位。它检查考生驾驭和综合运用所学单词、短语、语法知识的能力, 测试考生清楚自如地用英语进行表达的熟练程度。
一、提高的练习方法
一是在高考时紧张的心理状态下以及短暂的构思时间中，很多考生针对题目中给出的话题可能在脑中浮现出一些观点，但仍然感到无从下手，不知道如何把这些观点按照一定的结构组织起来，使其不再是一个个的观点，而是一套观点。
二是很多考生的语言表达功底不够深，总是用过于简单化的句子甚至是中式的句子来表达自己的意思，这样导致在语言上没有亮点，甚至还有很多语法等方面的错误。
高考写作评分要求中，对20～25分这一档的文章有一条是：“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽量使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。”由此可见，较为高级的语法结构是写作时的一个亮点，这也就意味着考生需要挖空心思地使用一些有一定难度的句型、短语等，以此来表现自己的英语实力。
在这里我给大家提供一种比较切实可行迅速提高的练习方法，在接下来的时间里只要大家按照这个方法来，就一定会有收获。找出历年真题，一周只需要写两篇，但是要这么来写。
1.把你要写的内容要点用九到十句的汉语表达出来。
2.逐一地进行翻译，不是用简单句，而是要刻意地去想 。
(1)可以用什么样的复杂句。
(2)怎样去避开不会的表达，转义。
例如：
这本书是如此的有趣，以致于我读了一遍又一遍。
1)This book was so interesting that I read it again and again。
2)This was such an interesting book that I read it again and again。
3)This was so interesting a book that I read it again and again。
4)So interesting was this book that I read it again and again
二、提高英语构思的几个方面
首先大家应该了解的就是高考写作的结构。一篇文章的结构就相当于人的骨架。人的外形可以长得千奇百怪，但有一点必然是一样的，那就是每个人的骨架。有些畸形人之所以被视为畸形，就在于骨架跟正常人不一样。高考作文也同样如此，不同人写的文章在遣词造句等方面很可能是不同的，但作为一篇经典的地道的英文议论文，其结构必然是一样的。
在正式写作之前，首先需要列一个提纲，知道自己将要写什么。比如一块手表给一个朋友带来的影响可以有两个方面：一是这个朋友以前没有什么时间观念，有了这块表之后他可能会更加关注时间观念，做事情更加准时。二是这个朋友曾告诉你离开高中后很可能会十分想念高中的朋友，有了这块表，可以使他不那么孤单。
1.攻克图表作文难关
如何根据图画的内容，运用正确的语言和规定的篇幅来写好这类文章呢？例如：你校学生会组织两组同学分头到附近的两个村庄搞社会调查，了解农民致富的情况。调查结果如下表格…… 请根据以上提示写一篇100字左右的短文 。——《2005年普通高考学校全国二次模拟联考》
2.把握结构逻辑
（1）仔细审题，看懂图表的意思，整理要点，决定语言形式。
（2）开头直截了当，尽快入题，不要拐弯抹角，拖泥带水。
（3）行文一般以10个句子为宜。若用少于8句话来表达，句子容易表达不清；若用多于10句话来描述，则句子零乱与琐碎，文章缺乏整体感。
（4）用最有把握的词语句型将规定内容加以表达，并根据图表大意议论。
（5）应按照合理顺序，适当使用一些过渡性的连接词，将句子连珠成串。
（6）结尾要干净利落，既不能拉杂，也不能草率，要显得自然，恰当得体。
三、英语写作、应试答题技巧
高考的考场上，考生要把自己的水平最大限度地发挥出来，掌握一定的应试技巧也是相当重要的。
技巧一：缜密审题，明确要求。弄清题意，确定已知条件，挖掘隐含条件，明确题目要求，寻找条件与问题之间的联系。
技巧二：先易后难，紧中有序。在答题时，为了做到紧中有序，可以在考前或统览全卷时就大体的分配一下答题的时间，按照“量体裁衣，看分花时”的原则，预先为每门考试做一个时间规划。
技巧三：简明扼要，卷面整洁。答题时要抓住要点，按照一定的逻辑顺序，简明准确的组织答案。
技巧四：涂卡及时，检查得法。一定要及时的填涂答题卡。检查的几个步骤是：有无漏题→笔误→审题是否正确→答题所用原理概念是否正确。
技巧五：提示议论文写作技巧。文章开头，能依据提示确立主题句(topic)阐明观点或看法；使用连接词分层次说明理由、缘由(supporting sentences)；归纳总结，首尾呼应。做到论点正确无误；论据可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理，也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作；论证合理严密。常用论证法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。
技巧六：记叙文写作技巧。一般说来记叙文有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素，写作时要明白清楚地给予表达。记人时，要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生与发展的过程。
技巧七：应用文写作技巧。主要以写信为主。英文书信由6个部分组成。它们是信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签字。格式一定要正确。信的正文和写文章一样，要分段写，每一段有一个中心思想。
高考英语作文经典范文
为了大家能更多的得到写作部分的30分，我们特精选了以下范文，希望同学们务必研读背诵！（尤其注意：文中划线部分为该体裁的套话； 黑体部分为写作中的经典表达。）
◎参与报社等讨论稿（带手机利弊）Dear Editor: [引出话题] I’m a senior three student.I’m writing to tell you my opinion on whether middle school students can go to school with mobile phones.[赞成]I think they can do that.Because students can keep in touch with their friends and family wherever they are.Besides, the mobile phone is a way to have fun.[反对] However, every coin has 2 sides.There are some problems with using mobile phones.The ring of phones can disturb teachers and students in the classroom.Another students is that some students can spend too much time and money on phone calls and sending messages.[个人观点] In conclusion, I suggest students not use phones in the classroom.Also, as it is expensive, the owner should take good care of it.Yours sincerely，Li Hua ◎看对照表格写调查报告（孩子出国利弊）
[调查内容] A survey is taken on public opinions of the fact that many parents spend a large amount of money sending their children to study abroad, some of whom are middle school students.[调查结果]From it we can see that 38 percent of those surveyed think it is worth the money letting children study abroad to get a better education so that they can get pay in return in the future.However, not all are for it / some are against it.62% of them hold the view that it is difficult for young people to live and study in a foreign country.It’s easy for them to fall / get into some bad habits and the cost of education in another country is ten times as much as that at home.[解决措施]The survey shows that the government should set up different kinds of schools to meet the demands of different children.（句型do something /take measures / steps about sth.to do sth）
◎读柱状图表写调查报告 [注意句式变换]
Middle school students have some ideas about their future jobs.The most striking contrast is in teaching: 30percent of the girls would like to become teachers while only 5 percent of the boys want to do the job.20 percent of the boys want to do business and another 20 percent want to become lawyers, while girls make up 15 percent in these two fields.What boys like to do most is to become managers and the second largest group would like to be scientists.Besides teaching, the second choice for girls is to be scientists and managers.The number is not small.Girls also expect to show their abilities in these two fields.高考直通车网站：http:/// 1 欢迎关注@高考直通车 微博：http://weibo.com/gaokao96040
◎写信（过去/现在对比）Dear editor，I’m a middle school student.I once had a very happy family, but everything has changed because of my father.He used to be a very good doctor and was often praised by his patients.He took good care of the family and shared the housework with my mother everyday.However, he is now quite a different person.He plays mahjong all night and often quarrels with my mother.I just can’t concentrate on my studies and my grades are coming down.I’m very much worried and I’m afraid it will destroy my family as well as my father
Could you help me what to do? I’m looking forward to your reply.Thank you very much.Li Hua ◎图画+个人想法
One day during the summer holidays, I met my classmate Li Ming, whose nickname is Tao taopi.We chatted for a while as we walked.I asked him where he would go during the holidays.He replied that he had to stay at home studying.Then I’d like to know why he didn’t go out for a tour.Much to my surprise, he told me that it was just because he failed to be accepted by key universities.In my opinion/Personally/ I think, traveling during the holidays not only increase a student’s knowledge of his or her motherland but also makes life meaningful.What’s more, at the present time, we students are suffering a lot both at home and school.Why not go out to get relaxed.◎幽默画
We want our schoolbags lighter
[图画内容]The picture shows us a schoolboy and a big woman.The boy is wearing a pair of glasses and carrying a big heavy bag.The woman is taking some exercise.The boy is saying to the woman jokingly: “Mum, if you carry the schoolbag for me, I’m sure you will easily lose weight….”
[社会实际]It’s quite common that Chinese students are overburdened with the lessons and homework.What we do every day is to listen to the teachers’ lectures, take notes and do our homework which seems endless.[个人想法]We do hope our teachers will help us get more knowledge with fewer lectures, exercises and less homework.Only in this way can we have time to do sports every day.Then we will be mentally and physically healthy.高考直通车网站：http:/// 欢迎关注@高考直通车 微博：http://weibo.com/gaokao96040 ◎通知 Dec.19th, 2004
NOTICE
To help students learn more about computers, we have invited Professor Wang from the Computer Department of Qinghua University to give us a lecture on Saturday, December 22nd.Professor will talk about the use of computer and how to learn through the Internet.The lecture begins at 2;00pm in Room 204 of the Library Building.Any computer-lover is welcome to attend the lecture.Please bring your questions in computer learning.Professor Wang will will leave you time for questions.Don’t forget to be on time.the Students’ Union
◎ 欢迎词 Ladies and gentlemen，Welcome to our school!Now let me introduce something about the changes that have taken place in our class.We used to listen and take notes in class, but had no time to think for ourselves.Because we were not interested in the lessons, we often felt sleepy while listening.After school we had to finish much homework, unable to have some sports.However, things are different now.With the help of computers, the lessons are so lively and interesting that the students are active to answer the questions instead of falling asleep.As a result, we have made greater progress than before, though we spend less time doing our homework.And we can enjoy ourselves after class.The good teaching method is popular with all of us.We will try our best to study even harder.That’s all.Thank you!
◎求职信 Dear sir，The other day from China daily I know that your company need a travel guide.I’m writing to apply for the job.I’m Chinese, female.I was born on March 25,1983 in Zhuzhou, Hunan province.I graduated from Hunan University last month.I enjoy working with people.I’m young and healthy, delightful, helpful.I can speak standard Chinese and I’m good at English.I once won the first prize of English competition in our college.I’m very interested in traveling and know many places of interest in China.I think I’m suited for the job.If you can let me have this chance I will try my best to do it well.Expecting you answer.You can connect me by posting a letter to No 4 Middle School of 高考直通车网站：http:/// 欢迎关注@高考直通车 微博：http://weibo.com/gaokao96040 Zhuzhou or dial this number:0733-8483628.Yours sincerely，Zhoulan
2.Opportunity meets the prepared mind, as the old saying goes.正如俗话所说，机遇只属于那些有心理准备的人。
3.Perseverance is failing nineteen times and succeeding the twentieth.十九次失败，到第二十次获得成功，这就叫坚持。
4.He tried hard to learn, and to be a good boy, and he succeeded fairly well.他用心学习，又很听话，因此一切倒还顺利。
5.In fact, there’s an old Chinese saying which goes, “He who hasn’t been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” 实际上，中国有句古谚语说：“不到长城非好汉。”
6.A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.－John Barrymore
只要一个人还有所追求, 她就没有老。── 约翰·巴里莫尔(美国艺术家)
7.To take advantage of them, you can’t let yourself be destroyed by a defeat, or let others set the limits on your ability to achieve.利用它们, 你就不会被一次失败击倒, 也不会让别人来限制住你成功的能力。
8.Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly ever acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人才能够轻而易举地完成困难的事。
9.The most important thing in life is to have a beautiful dream and good ways to realize it.人生最重要的是要有美梦，并有好的方法去实现它。
10.We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.尽管条件极端困难, 我们必须坚持下去, 直到成功。
11.This belief in equal opportunity has produced a spirit of competition.It’s like a race to the top of the success ladder.这种机会均等的信念造就了一种竞争的精神, 它就像一场通往成功之梯顶端的比赛一样。
12.Success is dangerous.One begins to copy oneself, and to copy oneself is more dangerous than to copy others.It leads to sterility.－Picasso(1881-1973), Spanish artist成功是危险的。一个成功的人开始模仿自己，而模仿自己比模仿别人更加危险。因为这样做将毫无结果。── 毕加索(1881－1973), 西班牙画家
13.But failure also taught me that life is a road with unpredictable forks and unexpected tomorrows.但是, 失败还使我懂得, 生活的道路充满了无法预测的岔路口和无法预料的明天。
14.The common idea that success spoils people by making them vain, egotistic, and self-complacent is erroneous;on the contrary, it makes them, for the most part, humble, tolerant, and kind.Failure makes people cruel and bitter.－W.Somerset Maugham(1874-1965), British author人们普遍认为成功使人变得虚荣、自以为是、自满, 从而毁了他们, 但这种看法是错误的；恰恰相反, 成功在很大程度上使人变得谦恭、宽容、善良。失败则使人变得残忍、怨愤。── W·萨默塞特·莫姆(1874－1965), 英国作家
15.Against all the odds she achieved her dream of becoming an actress.她冲破重重困难，实现了当演员的梦想。
16.He is too smart not to jump at the chance.他这个人很精明，不会错过这个机会的。
17.I’m not sure if I’ll succeed, but I certainly hope so.是否成功我没有把握, 不过我当然希望会成功
18.I wish you every success.祝你万事如意！
19.He seems to be successful in anything he tries.他好像不论做什么事都能成功。
20.Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal.经验告诉我们，1
成功与其说是由于才能，不如说是由于热情。
21.Ambition is to life just what steam is to the locomotive.抱负之于生活, 恰似蒸汽之于火车头。
22.With their advanced features and compact size, portable electronic devices offer consumers freedom, productivity, and organization.由于本身小巧玲珑, 又具备种种先进的特点, 便携式电子设备为消费者带来了自由, 提高了生产力, 改进了对信息的组织。
23.However, the ease and speed with which messages can be sent and received has increased and accelerated to such an extent that many people are receiving hundreds of electronic messages of all kinds each day.但是, 信息发送与接收的便捷发展得如此之快, 以至于很多人每天都会收到各种各样、成百上千的电子邮件。
24.Just as history has shown that species which fail to adapt die out, businesses will die out if they don’t get to grips with the Internet.正如历史所示, 适者生存, 企业如果不紧跟互联网就将退出历史的舞台。
25.Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.电视与无线电不同, 电视能播送和接收图像。
26.When people master the digital organization, it will greatly simplify and improve both their professional and personal lives.当人们掌握了这种数码管理方法后, 他们的工作与个人生活都会得以极大地简化并改善。
27.A new IT high-tech park in Beijing is helping the city keep its promise to be the country’s center of the knowledge-based economy.一所焕然一新的IT高科技园帮助北京实现了它的诺言：成为全国知识型经济的中心。
28.Observation is the best teacher.观察是最好的老师。
29.Imagination is more important than knowledge.想像力比知识更重要。── 爱因斯坦
30.Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.知识是一座宝库，而实践是开启宝库的钥匙。
31.We can kill two birds with one stone by combining our honeymoon with our business trip.我们可以把蜜月和出差合在一起，这样一举两得。
32.Greatly inspired, he made up his mind to read as much as he could, and what’s more, he would study harder than ever before.他深受鼓舞，决心尽可能多读书，而且，比以往任何时候都努力学习。
33.Nothing in all the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.世界上再也没有比实实在在的无知和认认真真的愚蠢更危险的了。
── 小马丁·路德·金(美国社会活动家)
34.Eat to live, but live to eat.吃饭是为了生存而不是生存为了吃饭。
35.To my knowledge, my daughter has never told a lie before.据我所知, 我女儿以前从未说过谎。
36.In the long run, basic knowledge and technological applications go hand in hand—one helps the other.归根结蒂, 基础知识和技术应用是并进的, 相辅相成的。
37.Reading(and learning)is to the mind what exercise is to the body.读书之于思想, 就如运动之于身体。
38.English is now the international language for airline pilots, scientists, medical experts, businessmen and many others.Consequently, more and more people are learning it.现在, 对于航空公司飞行员、科学家、医学家、商人及许多其他行业的工作者来说, 英语是一门国际性语言, 因此越来越多的人开始学习英语。
39.Unlike many other widely used languages, English can be correctly used in very simple form with less than one thousand basic words and very few grammatical rules.与许多其他被广泛应用的语言不同, 英语仅凭借将近一千个基础词汇和很少的语法规则，就能够用简单的形式正确地表达意思。
40.English will doubtless continue to change and develop as a living language always does.毫无疑问, 英语将像一种活的语言贯常的变化和发展一样继续变化和发展下去。
41.Another reason for the popularity of English is that English-speaking countries are spread through out the world.英语流行的另一个原因是说英语的国家遍布世界各地。
42.Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.天才是百分之一的灵感和百分之九十九的汗水
43.An estimated 310 million people in Britain, U.S.A., Canada, Australia, South Africa, etc.use English as their mother tongue.据统计，在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和南非等国有三亿一千万人以英语为母语。
44.It is surprising that some students have little or no knowledge of English.令人感到吃惊的是, 有些学生英语懂得很少, 或者根本不懂英语。
45.The rush to learn English has reached even China.这种学习英语的浪潮甚至波及到中国。
46.Washington is known as “the father of his country” and is one of those “larger than life” historical figures who are known around the world.华盛顿被称为“美国国父”，是一位誉满全球的具有传奇色彩的历史人物。
47.Many immigrants have come to this land of opportunity for that reason－to seek a better future.许多移民基于这个缘故来到了这块充满机会的土地上──为了追求一个更好的未来。
48.Not all Americans are rich, but most are concerned about money.Success-oriented Americans often measure people’s worth by how much they have.并非所有的美国人都很有钱, 但大多数美国人都在乎钱。以成功为取向的美国人常常用人们拥有财产的多少来衡量他们的价值。
49.As a result, nearly half of foreign students in the U.S.are concentrated in just 100 out of 2,500 post-secondary institutions, mostly brand-name schools.结果, 在美留学生几乎有一半集中在2500所高校的仅100所, 这些学校大多是名牌学校。
50.Credit cards symbolize American shopping habits: “Buy now, pay later.”信用卡反映美国人的购物习惯：“现在买, 以后付。”
51.In general, the act is designed to keep the U.S.high-tech industry on top by filling the need for skilled technology workers.总之，这个法案是为了填补美国对熟练技术工人的需求，以保持美国在高科技工业中的领先地位而制定的。
52.Tom’s college education gave him an advantage over boys who had not been to a university.汤姆的大学教育使他比没上过大学的男孩们占优势。
53.Educators also claim that calculators are so inexpensive and commonplace that students must become competent in using them.教育家们还声称, 计算器如此便宜而又普遍, 学生必须学会熟练使用。
54.He already has five honorary doctorates－the latest bestowed upon him by Yale University late of May, 2002－but what he really wanted was this humble bachelor’s degree.斯皮尔伯格已获得5个荣誉博士头衔，其中最近的一个是在2002年5月下旬由耶鲁大学授予的，然而他最想得到的却是这个不起眼的学士学位。
55.Calculators do have their place in the world outside school and, to a limited extent, in higher-level math classes, but they are hardly education tools.计算器在学校之外的社会中的确有其地位, 在高等数学课堂上也有一定的作用, 但它们很难算得上是教育工具。
56.A student who has grown up with a calculator will struggle with both strategies and computations.一个伴着计算器长大的学生既要对付解题策略, 又要对付实际运算。
57.Students learn far more when they do the math themselves.学生自己进行数学运算所获得的收益远比依赖计算器多。
58.A student who learns to handle numbers mentally can focus on how to attack a problem and then complete the actual calculations easily.学会心算的学生能把注意力集中到如何解题上, 然后轻而易举地完成实际运算。
59.It’s my mother who has been encouraging me never to lose heart when I had difficulties in study.这些年来，当我在学习中遇到困难时，是我的母亲一直在鼓励我从不要泄气。
60.With more students applying to college than ever before, admissions directors are paying especially close attention to essays, interviews, and teacher recommendations.由于有比以往更多的学生申请上大学, 招生部主任将格外注重作文、面试和教师的推荐信。
61.Calculators prevent students from seeing this kind of natural structure and beauty in math.计算器妨碍学生认识数学中这类自然结构和美。
62.If we don’t require students to do the simple problems that calculators can do, how can we expect them to solve the more complex problems that calculators cannot do?如果我们不让学生做那些计算器能代劳的简单的运算, 又怎么能期待他们去解决计算器解决不了的更为复杂的问题呢？
63.Your parents are the people responsible for helping you make decisions until you’re
18.父母是有责任帮助你在18岁之前做决定的人。
64.But he is too young to understand cheating won’t do him any good in the long run.就长远而言, 他太小, 还不懂得欺骗会给他带来害处。
65.What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul.教育之于心灵, 就如雕刻术之于大理石。
66.He began to study accounting at night sessions of the City University of New York, earning his tuition during the daytime.他开始晚间在纽约城市大学学习会计，白天做工赚学费。
67.Those who educate children well are to be more honored than the parents, for the latter only give them life while the former teach them the art of living well.—Aristotle(Ancient Greece)把儿童教育好的人们甚至应该比他们的父母更受尊敬，因为后者仅仅给予他们生命，前者却教给他们生活好的艺术。──（古希腊）亚里士多得
68.The cloning of Dolly the sheep nearly 5 years ago raised the hopes of transplant scientists looking for an endless supply of lifesaving organs.将近5年前,克隆羊多莉给寻求无穷无尽的救命器官供货的移植学家带来了希望。
69.I would(had)rather join you in research work than go on a holiday to the seaside.我与其到海滨去度假，倒不如和你们一起参加科研工作。
70.The further that Joy dug into the cutting edge of research in the new technologies－robotics, genetic engineering and nanotechnology－the more horrified he became.乔伊在机器人学、基因工程和纳米技术等新技术研究领域的前沿钻得越深, 就越感到恐惧。
71.What Henry Ford is to the automobile, George Eastman to photography, and Charles Goodyear to rubber, Edison is to not one but several of today’s essential technologies.对当今不止一项而是多项重要技术的贡献, 就如同Henry Ford 对汽车、George Eastman 对摄影、Charles Goodyear 对橡胶的贡献一样大。
72.Very heavy objects or bulky materials like coal, cement, mineral ore, and the like, are weighed in tons.非常重的物体或者像煤、水泥、矿石等堆积如山的原材料用吨计重。
73.By the end of this century, about 5,000 modern windmills will be in operation, generating about 20% of the electricity of the country.到本世纪末,(荷兰)将有5000架现代化的风车投入运行, 生产约全国20%的电力。
74.Agriculture will have to undergo a drastic change to meet the needs of the new situation.Otherwise, the country will starve.农业必须进行深入的改革, 以满足新形势的需要。否则, 国家将遭受饥荒。
75.In the northern area, it is necessary to plant varieties which are outstandingly resistant to low winter temperature.北部地区只能种植确实能抗冬季低温的品种。
76.Synthetic, or man-made, diamonds have been manufactured from carbon since the mid-1950s, when General Electric Co.developed the process for making small diamonds for industrial uses.人们从20世纪50年代中期就开始用碳来制造或人工合成钻石，当时通用汽车公司开发出了生产工业用小钻石的工艺。
77.The WTO’s creation on January 1 1995 marked the biggest reform of international trade since the Second World War.1995年1月1日世贸组织的诞生，标志着第二次世界大战之后国际贸易的最大改革。
78.I am not afraid of tomorrow for I have seen yesterday and I love today.－W.A.White我并不害怕明天, 因为我已见过昨天而又热爱今天。── 怀特(美国记者)
79.He invested his money in several different companies, by which means he hoped to reduce the natural hazards of investment.他把自己的钱向几个不同的公司投资, 希望借此减少投资的自然风险。
80.With the rise of the Internet, personal finance magazines and TV shows find information on investing.随着因特网、个人理财杂志和专事选股的电视节目的兴起，人们很容易找到有关投资的信息。
81.Nothing is more precious than time yet nothing is less valued.时间最宝贵，却最不被爱惜。
82.If indeed silence is golden, it is also becoming as rare as gold.如果宁静真是贵重如金的话，那它也在变得像金子一样稀罕了。
83.Man is not creature of circumstances, circumstances are the creatures of man.人不是环境所造就的，乃是环境由人所创造。
84.Pollution is a global problem which needs a global response.污染是一个全球性的问题，需要全球关注。
85.Greenhouse effect means the gradual warming of the air surrounding the earth.温室效应意味着地球周围的空气逐渐变暖。
86.Air is to us what water is to fish.我们离不开空气, 就像鱼离不开水。
87.As our country is populous, it is confronted with a more and more serious crisis of resources.我国由于人口众多，面临着越来越严重的资源危机。
88.The government has to provide against a possible oil shortage in the coming months.政府不得不预防未来几个月里可能出现的石油短缺。
89.Why do Americans emphasize money so much? Well, this “land of plenty” has long enjoyed abundant natural resources, and people have gotten used to material wealth.为什么美国人这么看重金钱呢? 这么说吧, 这块“丰饶之地”久已享有充裕的自然资源, 而人们已习惯于丰富的物质财富。
90.A slip of the foot you may soon recover, but a slip of the tongue you may never get over.－Benjamin Franklin失足可以很快弥补, 失言却可能永远无法补救。── 富兰克林(美国政治家)
91.The earliest Mother’s Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea’, the Mother of the Gods.庆祝母亲节的习俗最早 可以追溯到古希腊, 当时人们在春天举行庆祝活动, 来向众神之母──莉雅女神表示敬意。
92.I am grateful to you for the opportunity to express my conviction in this most important political question.感谢你们使我有机会就这个最重要的政治问题发表意见。
93.I am thankful for America and thankful that we are able to resolve our electoral differences in a peaceful way.我感谢美国, 我们终于用和平的方式解决了选举中的分歧。
94.Deep down, they realize that happiness can’t be bought, but it can be given away.在内心深处,他们认识到幸福是买不来的, 但却可以与人分享。
95.It is wrong to define happiness as owning a lot of money, but some people take it as their life philosophy.把幸福定义为有很多钱是错误的，但是有些人却把它奉为人生哲学。
96.He is rich in terms of money, but not in terms of happiness.从钱的角度说他是富有的，但从幸福的角度说他不是。
97.All happy families resemble one another, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.—Leo Tolstoy所有幸福的家庭彼此都很相似，而每个不幸的家庭却各有各的不幸。── 托尔斯泰
98.Unfortunately, there are still some people who do not look after their pets properly or are even cruel to them.遗憾的是，仍然有一些人对他们的宠物不好好照管甚至虐待它们。
99.She sat up straight and pretended to believe in herself, so much so that she actually started believing in herself.她坐直了身子, 假装对自己充满信心, 装得连她自己都开始以为自己确实很有信心。
1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢?
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
7.简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
11.酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。
12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
12. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
17.人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its 高中数学 pitch over a long period of time.
19.音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
先介绍一下2008年全国卷Ⅰ的作文内容。其内容大致如下:假定你是李华, 从小喜欢大熊猫 (panda) , 一直通过有关网站 (website) 关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她的母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信。信的内容要包括四个方面:1.自我介绍;2.祝贺苏琳生日;3.感谢工作人员;4.索取苏琳三岁生日照。其实, 无论是从作文的题材还是内容, 我们都不能够说这是一篇很难写的英语作文。但是, 看似很简单的英语作文, 考生们却在表达时出现了这样那样的错误。
一、考生的主要错误
1. 审题不清, 离题偏题。
很多考生平时没有养成认真审题的好习惯, 拿到试卷后马马虎虎地看了一眼便开始下笔了。他们根本不知道作文的要点是什么, 以致离题千里。有一篇比较典型的作文内容大致
如下:I hate pandas.I think people should pay attention to the peo ple in Sichuan Province because of the terrible earthquake....还有
的考生根本不知道白云和苏琳是母女关系, 而是把白云当成了女儿, 并且以为女儿白云和母亲苏琳都在美国出生, 如此的错误, 让阅卷教师啼笑皆非。
2. 错句太多, 影响表达。
本篇作文中, 普遍存在的错误是“I am very like the pan da.”其实阅卷教师很明白学生想表达他对熊猫的喜爱之情, 却不料笔下误变成了他非常像熊猫了。还有一个典型的错误是这样的:“I know Sulin is born in an American zoo.”或“He was birthed in America.”有很多常见的基本的英语表达学生都不会使用, 一用就出错误。一篇百字的英语作文, 如果没有几个正确的英语句子, 那么得分肯定高不了。
3. 句式单一, 乏味单调。
句子结构直接影响意义的表达和文章的档次。其实高考对书信的写作要求不算很高, 只要要点齐全、语言流畅、过渡自然即可。可是, 我在阅卷中发现部分考生写出的英语句子不是主系表结构就是主谓宾句式, 一个句子通常是三五个单词, 一篇作文当中找不出其它的句式来。这样的一篇英语作文让教师读起来味同嚼蜡, 分数自然不会高。
4. 乱涂乱抹, 字迹潦草。
很多考生可能没有打草稿的习惯, 把作文直接写在答题纸上。可是写完以后又觉得某个地方没有写好, 于是没有办法, 就直接在答题卷上胡乱改起来。如此改动几处, 卷面已是面目全非了。更何况从2008年起英语高考是网上阅卷, 阅卷教师不是直接在答题卷上打分, 而是把英语第二卷扫描到电脑里, 这样涂改得很乱的作文被放大以后就更难看了。还有的考生书写还不如初中生水平, 标点符号与大小写全不在乎, 教师不知道他在表达什么意思。而评分标准就有这样一条规定:如书写较差影响交际, 将分数降低一个档次。
二、临场发挥的技巧
1. 仔细审题, 吃透要求。
审题包括审要求, 审文体, 审人称。首先, 要特别注意高考书面表达题中的“注意”一项。对于题目所提供的说明, 无论是英语还是汉语, 都应该认真分析、反复推敲, 弄清楚提出的内容要求, 抓住所要表达的信息点。其次, 审题时要注意不同文体在格式上的要求, 英语汉语相同的文体在表达方式上有很大的差异。最后是确定人称。书面表达中的人称关系尤为重要, 因为能否确定人称决定了考生能否从合适的身份、口气, 适当的角度进行表达, 这对获取高分很重要。
2. 列出要点, 合理布局。
书面表达一定要切题, 抓住中心, 紧扣要点, 不要任意发挥, 防止画蛇添足, 节外生枝。更要注意不要出现丢三落四、要点不全的现象。因此, 在审清题意后, 要列出所要表达的要点, 整理好各要点的表达顺序和层次。在行文前最好把各要点用清楚明白的简要形式列出或标明。列要点时要将要点列详细一些, 防止遗漏。
3. 依据提纲, 扩展成文。
列出要点, 编制提纲后再将其扩展成文, 这一步骤最好在草稿纸上进行, 便于修改增减, 这是整个写作过程的关键环节。一篇百字左右的英语作文一般由八至十个句子组成。句子太少就容易繁杂冗长, 太多则容易零乱、琐碎, 使文章缺乏整体感。写作时应避免母语干扰, 用最准确的语言表达。如果遇到可用不同词语表达同一意思的情况, 应扬长避短, 尽量选择自己最有把握的最熟悉的表达方式。写作中应使用过渡词, 使全文通顺连贯, 过渡自然, 层次分明。
4. 仔细检查, 查漏补缺。
将提纲扩展成文后, 还要反复检查。一看体裁、内容及人称是否符合试题的要求。二看要点是否有遗漏。三看句子结构是否完整, 词语搭配是否正确得当。四看语法、大小写和标点符号有无遗漏错用。
关键词：文体分析；评分标准；具体步骤；有效训练
中图分类号：G632 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1002-7661（2014）06-214-01
无论是新疆参加的全国一卷，还是全国二卷，还是2011年参加的课标卷，我们的高考试卷的最后一个大题都是英语作文，分值占据25分或者30分。和田地区的学生普遍英语基础较差，写作能力差。但是通过本人16年来的英语执教，我发现再差的学生，其实在写作上都是可以培训的，都是在高考中可以拿到一定分数的项目。而且，通过严格的训练，分值是可增的。可以这么说，如果在高考场上，你想要成为一个24分（现在满分为25分）的写作高手，那么你就可以实现你的目标。如果你很差，你给你自己定位是15分的人，那么你能拿到这样的分数，前提是你需要按照我的步骤。也就是说，在高考场上，英语作文是最具定的一个你能够拿到多少分的项目。那么，我们必须想尽一切办法，在平时的训练中，确保写作分数稳拿。
一、高考卷英语作文文体分析
历届的英语作文文体无非以下类型：书信；看图作文；发言稿；电子邮件；说明文；新闻报道；议论文（正反观点对比）；记叙文；自我介绍；介绍他人等文体。我们在体裁上要有多种准备。但是，不论如何，高考英语作文总是要求叙述一件事情或者介绍一个人，并要求尽可能表达清楚、连贯。因此，准备的重点应该放在记叙文、应用文和议论文上。
二、新疆高考英语作文的评分标准
1、词数100字左右。针对和田学生基础不是很好的情况下，我建议好的学生最多不要超过120字，差一点的学生写80个字就可以了。因为写得多，错的概率就越大。在高考作文中，80—120字范围以外的首先是要扣2分的。
2、可适当增减，以使行文通顺。
3、简单通畅，符合英文习惯。
4、适当应用中学阶段所学句型，例如定语从句的应用。
5、上下行文之间有一定的连接词，转折词，或常用副词词组，以便文章通顺。
三、高考场上英语作文的具体步骤
1、审题。拿到题目以后，首先要认真审题，要看写的文章是什么体裁来写，并且确立时态。 要按照所提供的信息去写。千万不可随意立意选材，随意发挥。要把内容要点概括到文章中去。
2、构思和组织材料。在确定题目以后，就可以对文章本身进行构思和组织材料。
3、拟定提纲。构思好以后，要通过列提纲是要写的内容条理化。可以逐条列出要求表达的各个要点。写提纲有以下几点好处：（1）可以扩大思路。（2）可以按次序安排好素材。（3）将文章文段。（4）明确写作的中心思想，不致离题。
4、定稿。一篇文章的最大工程就是写出初稿。新疆的英语高考作文基本上是三段式作文。第一段，两个至三个简单句。第二段，四个至五个简单句。第三段，两道三个简单句。其中，适当地穿插一定的中学所学句型，例如，定语从句等。
5、化难为易。我认为这是写英语作文的一个精髓的东西。我们现行的英语高考作文，只要求用简单通畅，符合英文习惯的句型来写。那么，我们的构思，永远不可以脱离这个要素。我们要学会分解中文句子，化难为易，化长为短，用平常我们熟悉的句型，用我们平时掌握的句型来写。切不可按照中文的习惯，一字不漏地去翻译。语言不是我们去按照另一种语言习惯去编，而是英语这种语言的重组。我们可以用一种最简单的方式，把句子掐短，添加适当的主语，这样句子就短了，我们就不容易犯错误。如果我们平常背诵的句型准确无误，我们才能去使用。如果我们不会写某个单词，则我们可以换成另一种方式来表达。高考英语作文，主要考的是句型，只要句型没有问题，某一个单词错误不是最主要的问题。如果我们不能把握好化难为易的原则，那么，我们写出来的很可能就是中文式英语，错漏百出。
6、把握时间。正常情况下，在高考，由于时间仓促，学生不会灵活安排时间，及至到了写作时，没有时间，而导致作文乱画，得分很低。那么在平时的训练中，我们就要给学生灌输先易后难的原则，一定要确保作文能够得到的分数。哪怕先写作文也行。这就需要我们平时的模拟考试以及庭作业中布置作文时，都要把握好作文的时间：15分钟至20分钟。
7、注意卷面的整洁。一篇字迹优美，卷面干净的作文，至少可以多拿2分。请大家一定要注意和在乎。
四、高中英语老师对学生进行有效地训练
第一阶段：背诵积累阶段。《5年高考英语满分作文》这本书很好。我们在高一高二时，几乎把这本书上面所涉及到的漂亮句型过了一遍。平时几乎每一天我们都背诵、听写。
第二阶段：给出句子结构和关键词，组织学生来串文章。先让学生口头上串，同桌可以商量讨论，然后领着学生口头上串。再让学生写在自己的作文本上，老师批改，学生修正。最后，给出范文，并且要求默写范文。自己本人在高一高二，用了两年的时间来做这件事。
第三阶段：实战练习。本人所任教的班级，高三时几乎每一周要进行两篇作文的实际演练。先让学生自己写，老师当面指出错误，学生回家修改，直到正确为止。然后，老师再给出较好的句型和关键词，带领学生口头上串。学生把范文要求写在作文本上，再批改，再听写、默写。
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