反义疑问句
反意疑问句语法
一、反意疑问句的意义及其构成反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式;反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。例 You have been to Beijing, haven’t you? 你去过北京，是吗?
二、简单句式结构中反意疑问句的运用
反意疑问句运用于简单句式结构中时，我们应注意掌握以下几个方面
1、当陈述句部分的主语是名词时，反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。例 Your brother has gone to the library, hasn’t he? 你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗?
2、当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时，反意疑问句的主语用it代替;指示代词是these, those时，反意疑问句的主语用they代替。例 That isn’t a useful book, is it? 那不是一本有用的书，是吗?
These are important reading materials, aren’t they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料，是吗?
3、当陈述句部分是I am…时，反意疑问句部分通常要用aren’t I;如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。
例 I’m late for the meeting, aren’t I? 我开会迟到了，是吗?
I’m not doing well, am I? 我干得不好，是吗?
4、当陈述部分是everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he;当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。
例 Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外时，没人来过，是吗?Everything has gone wrong today, hasn’t it? 今天什么都出问题了，是不是?
5、当陈述部分是“there be + 主语 + 其它”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not) + there”结构。例 There are some bananas in the basket, aren’t there? 篮子里有些香蕉，是吗?
6、当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时，有两种情况 。(1)have作“有”解时，反意疑问句部分可用have(not)或do(not)的相应形式。例 His brother has a new bike, hasn’t (doesn’t) he? 他弟弟有一辆新自行
车，是吗?
(2)have用作实义动词时，反意疑问句部分只可用do(not)的相应形式。例 We have to start early, don’t we? 我们必须早点出发，是吗?
7、当陈述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。注 如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。例 It’s impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn’t it? 他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗?
8、当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问句部分要用ought / should (oughtn’t / shouldn’t);如陈述部分为情态动词used to，反意疑问部分可用 used或did;如陈述部分为had better，反意疑问部分用hadn’t或shouldn’t。例 Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they? 这种事是不允许的，是吗?
You’d better do it by yourself, hadn’t / shouldn’t you? 你最好自己做，好吗?
9、当陈述句部分有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分有四种情况(1)must表示“必须、禁止“时，反意疑问部分要用must (mustn’t) 。例 You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? 你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗?
(2)must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用needn’t。
例 They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作，是吗?
(3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
例 He must be good at maths, isn’t he? 他数学一定学得很好，是吗?(4)当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”(must + have done)时，如强调对过去情况的推测(一般句中有过去的时间状语)，反意疑问句部分要用“didn’t + 主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语)，反意疑问句部分要用“haven’t / hasn’t + 主语”。
例 She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了，是吗?
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗?
10、当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish时，反意疑问部分要用may，而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。
例 I wish to go to the moon by spaceship some day, may I? 我希望总有一天能乘宇宙飞船去月球。
11、感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。例 What a foolish child (he is), isn’t he? 多傻的孩子啊，不是吗?
三、并列分句结构中反意疑问句的运用
当陈述句是由并列连接词and, but, or, for, so等连接的两个并列分句组成时，反意疑问句部分一般与最接近的分句保持一致，也就是说，对后一分句进行反问。
例 He was a lazy child, and he didn’t pass the exam, did he? 他是一个偷懒的孩子，他没能通过考试，是吗?
四、复合句结构中反意疑问句的运用
反意疑问句用于主从复合句结构中时，要注意以下三种情况
1.一般情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。
例 This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn’t it? 这是他第二次去日本，是吗?2.在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等) + 宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。
例 I don’t think you have heard of him before, have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗?
注 当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。
例 Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn’t she? 玛丽认为你将来参加晚会，是吗?
3.当陈述句部分为主语从句时，反意疑问句的主语用it。例 That he didn’t pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, didn’t it? 他没有通过入学考试使得他的父母十分生气，是吗?
五、祈使句结构中反意疑问句的运用
祈使句反意疑问句的构成，必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其反意部分，有四种形式。
1.祈使句的肯定形式，其反意问句表示“请求”时，通常用will you;表示“邀请、劝说”时，用won’t you。
例 Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定要给我们写信，好吗?(表示“请求”)Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚跟我们一起来吃饭，好吗?(表示“邀请”)
2.祈使句的否定形式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。
例 Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 请不要在会议室抽烟，好吗?3.变异祈使句，即句首为一呼语，后接第二人称代词引导的一个一般现在时的陈述句，这时，我们应视为无主语的祈使句结构，反意疑问句部分要用will you构成。
例 Mike, you take all these tables out of the next room, will you? 迈克，你把这些桌子都搬出隔壁房间，好吗?4. Let开头的祈使句，构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we构成反意疑问句外，其它均用will you。
例 Let the boy go first, will you? 让那男孩先走，好吗?
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后，我们去散步，好吗?
六、反意疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗?---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗?
---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。
把下列句子变成反意疑问句。 1 I can swim.
2 She can run .
3 He can jump.
4 We can sing a song .
5 I can go home.
6 You can go to school.
7 They can dance.
感叹句
一、结构：
What/ How +被感叹的部分+ 主语+ 谓语!What beautiful flowers they are !
二、变法：
一断， 二加 ，三调位。
一断表示在谓语动词的后面断开，二加表示在断开的两部分中间加what 或how ,三调位表示前后两部分对调位置。 They had a good time yesterday .
一断：They had / a good time yesterday . 二加：They had(what)a good time yesterday .
三调位：What a good time they had yesterday.
三、what引导的感叹句：
1.what + a / an +adj + 单数名词 (+主语+ 谓语)!_______ a clever boy he is ! 2.what + adj + 复数名词 (+主语+ 谓语)!_______ heavy boxes they are ! 3.what + adj + 不可数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!_______ bad weather !
四、how引导的感叹句：
1.How + adj / adv + 主语+ 谓语!_________ hard they are working ! 2.How + adj + a / an + 单数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!How tall a boy he is ! 3.How + adj / adv + the + 名词+ 谓语!________ heavily the rain is falling!
五、what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换：
1.What a beautiful girl she is != ______ beautiful the girl is ! 2.How delicious the food is != ______ delicious food it is !
六、几个常见的感叹句：
1.______ great fun it is ! 2.______ important information ! 3.______ good news ! 4.______ good advice / music
5.______ a heavy rain !
6.______a strong wind !
七、感叹句中常见的不可数名词：
food , work , weather , fun , music , information , news , advice ,
：反意疑问句
一、结构：
陈述句 + 附加疑问句?It’s hot today ,isn’t it ?
二、原则：1.前肯后否，前否后肯
2.前名后代
3.时态一致
三、变法：
一疑、二否、三连、四省、五转换(名变代)。
四、特殊的附加疑问句：
1.I’m …… , aren’t I ?
I’m right , ______ ______ ? 2.There be …… , ______ there ?
There will be fewer buses in the future ,____ ______? 3.句中有反义词的句子的反意疑问句，仍把它作为肯定形式。
He is unhappy , _____ ______ ? 4.Let’s 的反意疑问句为 shall we ? Let’s go to the movie together ,_____ _____ ? 5.祈使句的反意疑问句为 will you ? Don’t miss it ,_____ _____ ? 6.若陈述句部分含有never , few , little , hardly ,no ,seldom ,nobody ,nothing …否定词、半否定词时，附加疑问句用肯定形式。
He can hardly understand it , _____ ______ ? 7.陈述句的主语为不定代词时：
1).主语为指人的不定代词时，附加疑问句的主语用he / they . No one was hurt , ______ _______ ? 2).主语为指物的不定代词时，附加疑问句的主语用 it. Nothing is serious , _______ _______ ? 8.表推测的情态动词的附加疑问句，其附加疑问句与情态动词后的动词一致。
He must be at school , ______ ______ ? 9.陈述句的主语是this , that , these , those 时，附加疑问句的主语分别为 it , they . This is a new computer , ______ ______ ?
Those aren’t banana tees , ______ _______ ? 10.当陈述句是主从复合句时， 其附加疑问句应与主句保持一致。若主句为I think / believe /suppose /imagine /expect 时，其附加疑问句应与从句保持一致。
He said that he would leave here tomorrow , _______ _______ ? I don’t think you can do these exercises alone , _______ _______ ? 11.陈述句中有has / have / had 时，一定要注意。
1).若句中是 has to / have to / had to ,表 “不得不” 附加疑问句的谓语用doesn’t / don’t / didn’t 进行反问. They had to leave early , ______ ______ ? 2).若句中是has / have / had 表“有 ”， 其附加疑问句的谓语用do/ does / did 进行反问。 He has few friends in the new school , ______ ______?
3).若句中是has/ have / had +过去分词时，其反义疑问句的谓语用has/have/had进行反问。 He has never been to Beijing , _____ _____? She had studied a few English songs by the end of last month. ,______ ______?
五、反义疑问句的回答：
反义疑问句的回答要根据事实作答，若事实是肯定的，就用yes , +肯定形式。若事实是否定的，就用No, +否定形式。
注意：在前否后肯的句子中，yes表示“不”而No表示“是的”。 She didn’t come to school yesterday, did she ? _________, though she was not feeling well. A.No, she didn’t
B.No , she did
C.Yes , she didn’t
D.Yes , she did
1. We are going to work on the farm next week , _______ _________? 2. Mrs. Green is a teacher of English in Shanghai, ________ _________? 3. It was very cold yesterday, _________ ________? 4. He often goes to work by bus, _______ _________? 5. The old men usually do sports in the morning in the park,_______ _________? 6. Uncle Wand can make different kinds of kites, _______ __________? 7. Peter was late for school this morning, _________ ___________? 8. My sister would like a purple coat, _________ __________? 9. Mr. Li had an important meeting last week, _________ _________? 10. They were at home last night, _________ __________? 11. Your My father cooks on Sundays, ________ __________? 12. You like American food a lot , __________ __________? 13. It often snows in winter in north China , __________ __________? 14. We should help each other, _________ ____________? 15. Lucy and Lily live in China with their parents, _________ _________? 16. The man will visit Xi’an next month, ________ _________?
17. Her pen-friend wrote to her the day before yesterday, ________ ________? 18. The teacher is talking to a boy over there, _________ ___________? 19. Monkeys like to eat bananas, _________ ____________? 20. His aunt bought a new car, ________ __________? 1. You aren’t in this school ,________ ___________? 2. They don’t study science at school, _________ _________?
It isn’t Monday today, _______ ________? 3. The old man can’t look after himself, ______ ________?
Your mother doesn’t teach maths, ________ _______? 4. Miss Gao won’t leave tonight, ________ _______?
I’m not in Row Three, _________ _________? Jim couldn’t swim at the age of five, _______ __________?
EX III: Complete the tag questions. 1. That is an interesting film , ________ _______? 2. Come to the front, _______ _________? 3. There is nothing in the box, ________ ________?
4. Let’s go boating next week, ________ __________? 5. These are apple trees, __________ _________? 6. You never read his books, ________ ________? 7. There was a concert in the theatre last night, ________ _______? 8. Let us go to the farm together, _______ __________? 9. The boy is no longer a waiter in the hotel , ________ ________? 10. Please answer my questions, ________ __________? 11. There was nobody in the house, _______ _________? 12. His mother never goes to Tibet, _______ _________?
13. This is very interesting, ________ _________? 14. He foundnobody around the farm, ________
_____? 15. Let’s go on a field trip, _______ ________There are some children playing at the zoo, _________ _________? 16. Mr. Yang knew few Chinese when he was in USA, ______ ________? 17. There was little meat in the fridge, _________ __________? 18. Let me have a look, __________ _________? 19. They had no time to do the work, _________ 将下列句子改为感叹句. 1. It’s very cold today. 2. It’s a nice dress. 3. Those are lovely animals. 4. The man drives very carefully. 5. It’s bad weather.
6. He cooks very delicious food. 7. They had a good time last Sunday. 8. The girl comes to school so early. 9. He told me important news. 10. We have a very happy family. 11. Mrs. Li found her handbag luckily. 12. The plane flies quite quickly. 13. She is a very careful student. 14. This is an easy problem. 15. Your mother looks very young. 16. The music sounds nice.
_______? 17. That is hard work. 18. Her son is very naughty. 19. He has a useful dictionary. 20. Li Ping jumps very high.
Ex II. 将下列句子翻译成英语. 1. 这件毛衣真好看! 2. 那些钢笔太贵了! 3. 多好的一本书啊! 4. 这张相片多么有趣啊! 5. 他是位多么善良的人啊! 6. 春天多么暖和啊!
7. 这是一部多么激动人心的电影啊! 8. 这些问题真难! 9. 多可爱的礼物啊! 10. 那个老太太走路真慢!
Ex III. 用What , What a , What an , How 填空. 1. _____________ hot the weather is ! 2. _____________hard her father works ! 3. ____long way it is from Guangdong to Paris ! 4. _____________fine day it was yesterday ! 5. _____________beautiful your voice is ! 6. _____________interesting picture-books ! 7. _____________lovely baby ! 8. _____________strong wind ! 9. _____________ sad new he told us ! 10. _____________happy she was last weekend !
11. __good weather ! Why not go out for a walk ! 12. _____________nice the garden is ! 13. _____________difficult work he did ! 14. _____________broken the house looks ! 15. _____________ happy life we have ! 16. _____________well my deskmate swims ! 17. _____________helpful girl she is ! 18. _____________delicious mooncakes ! 19. _____________dangerous the tigers are ! 20. _____________tired you look !
