对数学教材新人教版七年级（上册）中瑕疵的探索
【摘要】 我县初中数学使用的教材是新人教版(2012年版)，对于老教材出现的一些错误，新教材作了很多修正，但笔者在使用的过程中发现新教材也存在着一些瑕疵：知识体系安排不合理、数学数据不合乎常识、知识表述不是很严密.
【关键词】 初中数学教材;欠缺
我县初中数学已经全面采用新人教版(2012)初中数学教材.笔者对新、老教材进行了对比，发现新教材对老教材出现的错误有所修改，内容编排上也有所变动.笔者在实际的教学过程中深深体会到新教材真的是做到了新《数学课程标准》(2011年版)中提到的数学课程基本理念：“面向全体学生，适应学生个性发展的需要，使得人人都能获得良好的数学教育，不同的人在数学上得到不同的发展.”作为一名农村的一线初中数学教师，我们清楚地认识到：初中数学教材是初中数学教师在教学活动中一个十分重要的媒介和载体.我们在教材面前不应该是被动地执行者，应该主动地去做一个研究者、开发者.基于这样的认识，笔者在执教七年级(上册)的教学过程中认真钻研教材，发现新教材中存在着一些小小的瑕疵，如知识体系安排不合理、数学数据不合乎常识、知识表述不是很严密等.这些瑕疵严重影响了这块“美玉”的价值，可能会给一线的数学教师带来了一些困惑. 下面笔者就结合这一学期使用新教材的感受对七年级(上册)数学教材(2012年版)中存在的一些瑕疵与同行作一些探讨.
瑕疵一：知识体系安排不合理
七年级上册的新教材第11页，安排的是“1.2.4绝对值”，它写到由绝对值的定义可知：
一个正数的绝对值是它本身;一个负数的绝对值是它的相反数;0的绝对值是0.
即
(1)如果a > 0，那么|a| = a;
(2)如果a = 0，那么|a| = 0;
(3)如果a < 0，那么|a| = -a.
新教材的这个说法应该是正确的，但问题是，新教材在此之前并没有明确告之学生：“a > 0，意思就是‘a是正数’;a < 0，就是‘a是负数’了呢?”笔者特地仔细翻看了新教材的前10页，并没有找到.新教材既然在此之前并没有指出，一般学生又怎么会知道呢?我们再翻过一页，到第12、13页，发现新教材接下来才介绍有关有理数大小的规定同[2]：“(1)正数大于0，0大于负数，正数大于负数;(2)两个负数，绝对值大的反而小.”以及有理数的有关性质和方法，包括如何运用绝对值的知识来比较有理数的大小.所以笔者认为新教材知识体系安排不够合理，使学生会在构建知识体系上产生先后顺序混乱的困惑，笔者建议编写这本新教材的专家对这一问题有所考虑.
瑕疵二：数学数据不合乎常识
我们先来看一下前一段时间在网上广为流传的一个帖子：
一道小学数学题目：“一辆汽车从甲地开往乙地，每小时行驶165千米，已经行驶了12小时，离乙地还有380千米.问：甲地到乙地共有多少千米?”
这只是一道普通的数学题目，然而小学4年级“阿仔”给出的答案不是数字，而是一句话：“此车超速并疲劳驾驶，违反交通法规.”阿仔的妈妈cacahua将题和答案贴上了微博.
小孩是纯真无瑕的，有什么说什么，看到这样看似趣怪的答案，我们数学老师估计要生气，并暗自惊叹：“吓死宝宝了!”然而这个答案当时却获得了广州交警的肯定：完全正确.
很明显，这道题给出的数据违反常识，令人意想不到的是新教材也出现了类似的错误.请看七年级上册的新教材第99页第6题同[2]：
两辆汽车从相距298 km的两地同时出发相向而行，甲车的速度比乙车速度的2倍还快20 km/h，半小时后两车相遇，两车的速度各是多少?
笔者在讲解这题时，已临近下课.笔者在学生的众目睽睽下开始解答，以乙车速度为未知数x的方程里，解出x = 192时，笔者当时下意识地叫道：“糟了，肯定是我做错了，不是方程列错了，就是方程解错了.”笔者的学生，有的暗自得意，等着看老师的笑话，大概心里这样想：“哈哈，老师出错了”;有的则表现出惊讶的表情：“老师怎么一下子就意识到自己出错了呢?”可能是这样想的.
笔者当时是这样给学生解释的——
“在生活中，你们谁见过这辆汽车的速度?世界上的所有上高速的汽车，哪有跑那么快的?慢车车速就达到192千米/时了，那另一辆快车的车速又是多少呢?”
学生很快算出是404千米/时.这时，学生也开始怀疑了.因为大家知道《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法实施条例》 中有规定：“高速公路应当标明车道的行驶速度，最高车速不得超过每小时120公里，最低车速不得低于每小时60公里.”所以笔者认定这道数学题目的答案数据是违反常识的，所幸的是教材已经发现了这个问题并做了相应的修改.
瑕疵三：知识表述不是很严密
2012年最新版数学新教材七年级(上)第79页里，先是通过三个问题列出了这样三个方程：
(1)4x = 24;
(2)1700 + 150x = 2450;
(3)0.52x - (1 - 0.52)x = 80.
再由这三个例子得出一元一次方程的定义同：上面各方程都只含有一个未知数(元)，未知数的次数都是1，等号两边都是整式，这样的方程叫做一元一次方程.而老教材七年级(上)中对一元一次方程的定义是“只含有一个未知数(元)，未知数的次数都是1，这样的方程叫做一元一次方程.”比较一下新老教材，我们可以发现新版里新增了“等号两边都是整式”，笔者认为新教材的定义比老教材要好一些.在2012年最新版数学新教材七年级(下)第88页里对二元一次方程的定义[4]却是这样的：“每个方程都含有两个未知数(和)，并且含有未知数的项的次数都是1，像这样的方程叫做二元一次方程.”在同一套数学教材中对一元一次方程的定义中有“等号两边都是整式”这一句话，而对二元一次方程的定义中却没有“等号两边都是整式”这一句话，笔者认为教材在知识的表述上不够严密，甚至有前后矛盾之嫌.还有教材中这样定义一元一次方程的概念，笔者仍然认为不够严密.
为了更好地阐明笔者的观点，让我们先来看一下下面这个例子：
(1)4x + 3 = 5x - (x - 2).
这个式子是等式吗?答案是肯定的.因为它有等号，表示的是相等关系，因此是等式;
它是一元一次方程吗?按照教材的定义当然是，因为它是含有未知数x，并且未知数的次数是1，等号两边都是整式，所以是一元一次方程.但如果我们换个角度来看它，这个等式(方程)实际上就是：
(2)4x + 3 = 4x + 2.
很明显，无论取何值，这个方程的左右两边的值都不可能相等，也就是说无论取何值，方程都是不成立的.当然，我们要给学生讲清楚，这里所指的“方程不成立”，是指方程左右两边的值不相等，方程还是方程.也就是说“方程不成立”与“某等式不是方程”意思是不一样的.同样，“方程成立”和“某等式是方程”意思也是不同的.也就是说，上面所举的这两个方程无解.但无解的方程也是方程，尽管仔细辨析，这个方程实际上是一个“矛盾等式”，是矛盾方程.如果我们拿新教材上一元一次方程的定义去对照的话，这两个方程完全符合该定义的，也就是说，按照新教材的说法，它就应该是一元一次方程.但是，所有的初中数学教师都应该知道的，方程可以分为恒等方程、矛盾方程和条件方程，而我们初中所学的方程一般都是条件方程，如一元一次方程、一元二次方程等都是条件方程.所以这两个是矛盾方程，但确实不是一元一次方程.
我们再来看一个恒等方程的例子：
(3)4x + 3 = 4x + 3.
这个例子中只含有一个未知数，并且未知数的次数都等于1，等号两边都是整式，对吧?所以，按照新教材中的一元一次方程的定义，就是一元一次方程.同样，所有的初中数学教师都应该知道的，这确实不是一元一次方程，它是个恒等式，是恒等方程.x取任何数，都能使该方程左右两边的值相等，这个方程的解有无数个.
对于条件方程，我们都知道在复数范围内，整式方程解的个数等于方程的次数.
综上所述，笔者认为一元一次方程的概念应该这样定义：
形如ax + b = 0(a，b是常数，且a ≠ 0)的方程，叫做关于x的一元一次方程，x是未知数.
既然说到了这里，笔者顺便提一下：我们去年开始使用的人教版新教材，既然在介绍“解一元一次方程的包括移项、去括号、去分母、合并同类项、系数化为1等一般步骤方法”在后，而“建构一元一次方程的概念”在前，那就应该在教学完一元一次方程的解法之后，按建构学问之构想，也应该及时的归纳概括一下.譬如可以作这样归纳：“在本书中，到现在为止，我们所解过的方程有一个共同的特点，它们或者不含分母，或者分母中不含未知数，将它们经过去分母、去括号、移项、合并同类项等变形后，都能化为最简形式ax = b(a、b是常数，且a ≠ 0).它只含有一个未知数x，并且未知数的次数是1，系数不等于0.我们把这样的方程叫做一元一次方程.”岂不是更好.
这是笔者在使用《义务教育教科书数学(七年级 上册)》(2012年版)的教学过程中遇到的三点瑕疵. 当然，这只是笔者的个人观点，希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用，请各位初中数学教育同仁和专家不吝赐教.
【参考文献】
[1]中华人民共和国教育部.义务教育数学课程标准(2011年版).北京：北京师范大学出版社， 2012年 1月第1版.
[2]人民教育出版社、课程教材研究所、中学数学课程研究开发中心.义务教育教科书数学 (七年级上册).北京：人民教育出版社，2012年6月第1版.
[3]课程教材研究室、中学数学课程研究开发中心.义务教育课程标准实验教科书数学 (七年级 上册).北京：人民教育出版社，2007年3月第3版.
[4]人民教育出版社、课程教材研究所、中学数学课程研究开发中心.义务教育教科书数学 (七年级下册).北京：人民教育出版社，2012年10月第1版.
作者：郑晴怡
七年级上册写作范文
Unit1 (学法P17)介绍自己: Hello! I’m Li Lei. My English name is Jim Green. Jim is my first name and Green is my family name. I’m 13 years old. I’m a Chinese boy. Betty and Tony are my friends. I like sports and I like English, too. My telephone number is 010-8899-2218. Do you want to be my friend?
Unit2 (学法P26)介绍自己的家庭：
I have a happy family.
There are three people in my family: my father, my mother and I. My father, Bob, is an English teacher. And he is 38 years old. My mother, Mary, is a worker. She is 35 years old. I am a student. I’m 12 years old. I’m in No.1 Middle School. I love my parents very much.
This is my family. I love my family very much. And welcome to my home, too.
(书上P12)介绍一张家庭照片：
Hi! I’m Helen. Here is a photo of my family. These are my grandparents, Linda and Mike. Those are my parents, Jenny and Jack. My father is an English teacher and he is 38 years old. My mother is a worker and she is 35 years old. This is my sister, Mary. She is 8 years old. Who is that boy? It’s me.
Unit3 (学法P37) 寻物启事和失物招领
Lost Lost: My pencil case I lost my pencil case. It’s red. There is a pen, a pencil, a ruler, an eraser and a knife in it. I must find it. My name is Jane. I’m in Class 4, Grade 1.
Jane
Found Found: A pencil case I found a pencil case. It’s red. There is a pen, a pencil, a ruler, an eraser and a knife in it. Please call me at 999-9888.
Tom
Unit4 (学法P50)介绍Betty的房间。
This is Betty’s room. It’s tidy.
You can see a bed, a desk and a chair in it. Betty’s family photo is on the wall. Her schoolbag and quilt are on the bed. There is a computer on the desk. The clock is on the desk, too. And a baseball is under the chair.
It is a nice room. I like her room very much.
Unit5 (学法P62)介绍Barry和Jack的体育用品。
Berry and Jack are my good friends.
Barry plays basketball every day. He likes playing tennis, too. He has five basketballs, nine volleyballs and ten tennis rackets. Jack has seven soccer balls, twelve baseball bats and ten baseballs. He doesn’t play sports. He only watches them on TV. These are my two good friends. I like them very much.
Unit6 (学法P74)介绍Jack的饮食习惯。
Jack is my good friend. He is 7 years old. He has good eating habits. He eats lots of healthy food every day. For breakfast, he likes eating eggs and an orange. He has two hamburgers, some broccoli and carrots for lunch. For dinner, he likes rice, meat and an apple. And he likes ice-cream for dinner. He eats well. So he is very healthy.
Unit7 (学法P85)为服装店写广告。
Super Clothes Store
Hi, everybody! Come and buy your clothes at our great sale! Do you like sweaters? We have sweaters in all colors for only $30.Do you need trousers? We have trousers in black for $20. The blue bags for sports are only $7. We have T-shirts in all colors for $15.White socks are only $3 for one pair. Come to Super Clothes Store now.
Unit8 (学法P98) 介绍自己的活动安排
My name is Anna. I am 15 years old. My birthday is on December 26 th. I’m very busy this week.
I do (my) homework at home on December 15 th. I like playing basketball. We have a school basketball game on December 16 th. So I’m very happy. Mary is my friend. I go to her birthday party on December 18 th. On December 20 th, I have an English test. I stay at home on December 21 st.
This is a really busy week!
Unit9 (学法P110)介绍自己最喜欢的科目
Hello，boys and girls! I have many(许多) subjects. I like math and Chinese, but my favorite subject is English. I like English best because it’s very interesting. It’s useful, too. I love it and I want to speak(说) English well. We have English every day. Our English teacher is Jenny. She is great. All the students like her and her lessons, because her lessons are always easy and interesting. I like English teacher and I want to be an English teacher. (I love math and I want to learn(学习) it well. ) (My geography class is on Tuesday and Friday.)
七年级上册英语作文：介绍你朋友在学校一天(60个词以上)要求写出起床，刷牙，洗澡，吃早饭，跑步，上课(至少4个学科)，从事的体育锻炼，作业，看电视，睡觉等。。
My name is Beth. I'm 14 years old, and I study in No. 1 Middle School of Hui'an. My school is very big and beautiful. I'm very happy in the school.
I usually get up at 6:15 in the morning. Then I do morning exercises in the playground.At 6:40, I have my breakfast. You can see many students and teachers in the dinning room.After breakfast, I often read English with my classmates.
We have six classes every day. The first class begins at 7:50 am. I like all the classes, because my teachers can make the classes lively and interesting. We learn Chinese，maths， English， history and so on.
My favorite subject is English, so I join English Corner every week. I can speak English with many other students there. It's very interesting and exciting. I think it's helpful for me to learn English well.
After class, I always play games with my friends. We play basketball, soccer ball, volleyball, ping-pong and so on. They are very relaxing.
In the evening, we do our homework . We soemtimes watch Tv after homework . We usually go to bed at 9"00 .
My school life is busy and interesting.
七年级英语上册范文
1.介绍自己或者朋友
写作思路：名字(姓与名的介绍，即last name 于first name)、年龄、生日、所在学校、班级、爱好(食物、学科、运动、颜色等)及对该爱好的理由和看法。 范文：
My Friend I have a good friend. His name is…His first name is … And His last name is …
He is 13 (years old). His birthday is on August 25th. He is a student, and He is in Class 2 ,Grade 7. He likes sports .His favorite sport is basketball, because he thinks it’s interesting. He always plays basketball after school with his classmates. He likes volleyball , too. But he doesn’t play it, he only watch it on TV. His favorite subject is English, because he thinks it’s interesting and useful. But he doesn’t like math. The teacher says it’s useful, but he thinks it’s too difficult for him.(食物与颜色不展开) 注意：(1)介绍自己：只需要更改人称代词，和动词的形式即可。
(2)若朋友是女的，把男他换成相应的女他形式即可。如his换成her，he换成she即可。
2.介绍我的房间(My Room)
写作思路：(1)描述物品的摆放位置。基本句型：东西+is/are+方位介词短语;或者
方位介词短语+ is/are+东西。应以前一种为主要句型。
(2)物品涉及到运动、颜色、学科、食物时，可以穿插自己的爱好，并给出理由和看法。
(3)结构：总—分—总
范文：
My Room This is my room. It’s tidy.(若不干净则写：It’s not tidy.)
My bed is in the middle of the room, and a blue quilt is on the bed. Blue is my favorite color. Next to the bed is a desk. What’s that on the desk? It’s a computer, but it’s not mine, it’s my father’s. I have a basketball, and I can play it well. It’s my favorite sport. I think it’s interesting. I always play basketball after school with his classmates. There are two photos on the wall. (若还有其他东西，继续介绍) My room is very nice, I love my room.
3.运动收藏(sports collection)
写作要点：(1)注意东西的单复数
(2)穿插喜好和观点 范文：
My sports collection(我的运动收藏)
My name is … I like sports, so I have a sports collection.
I have five basketballs, a soccer ball, two ping-pong bats and six ping-pong balls. I like basketball, it’s my favorite sport. I always play it after school. It’s very interesting. And I like ping-pong, I can play it very well. I like soccer, too. But I don’t play it. I think it’s difficult for me. So I only watch it on TV.
4.饮食习惯(Eating Habits)
写作要点：(1)注意食物的可数名词的单复数形式
(2)基本句型：I like+食物(+for breakfast/lunch/dinner)
I have +食物+for breakfast/lunch/dinner
(3)穿插喜好食物的理由和观点 范文：
My Eating Habits
I have a healthy life(生活).
I have two eggs, milk and an apple for breakfast. I like apples, because they’re healthy. I like chicken, carrots and rice for lunch. I like hamburgers, but I don’t eat them, they’re not healthy. And for dinner, I have fish, tomatoes and rice . After dinner, I can eat ice-cream. It’s my favorite. But I only eat one a day, because I don’t want to be fat. These are my eating habits. I think they are healthy. (Now you see, I eat well. I have good eating habits.)What about your eating habits?
5.介绍家庭
写作要点：(1)介绍人物：姓名、年龄、电话、邮箱、爱好的食物、运动、学科、
颜色及理由
(2)若是呈现多张图片介绍，需使用基本句型：
My father and mother are in the first photo.
In the next photo are my sister, my brother and I. My grandparents are in the third photo. 范文：
My Family There are five people in my family, my parents, my sister, my brother and I.
My father is 40 years old. He is a teacher. My mother is 40, too. She has a telephone, and the number is 1234567. My sister, my brother and I are students. We are in the same school. We all like sports. My sister likes tennis. She says it’s easy for her. My brother and I like basketball. It’s really interesting and relaxing for us. So I always play basketball with my brother after school. This is my family. I love my family.
6.促销广告
写作要点：(1)介绍东西价格的基本句型。
(2)介绍物品的颜色
(3)注意东西的单复数形式 范文：
Mr. Brown’s Store Come and buy your school things at Mr. Brown’s store. All the school things are on sale. Do you need schoolbags? They are only 10 dollars. And we have the pencil-boxes for only 5 dollars. What about the pencils? They are only 1dollers. And the pen is only 2dollars. For boys, we have balls--- basketballs, soccer balls, ping-pong balls and so on. They are all at very good prices. Come and buy your school things now! Time waits for no man.
7.学校活动(School Activities)
写作要点：(1)注意日期的格式与活动的大小写
(2)穿插对活动的说明和看法 范文：
School Activities We have some interesting and fun things for you this term. We have a school trip on September 8th. It’s really interesting. And we have the sports festival on October 25th and 26th. But I think it’s boring, because I don’t like sports. November is a great month. The School Day is on November 1st. Your parents can come to our school. And on November 11th is the music festival, I like music very
much. Then we have an English test. I like English, it’s my favorite subject. And we have an English party on December 24th. This is really a busy term. Have a good time!
8.我的一天
写作要点：
(1)注意时间的格式和连接词(and、then、after that)的使用 (2)穿插对学科的描述和看法。 范文：
My Friday
I am very busy on Friday.
At 8:00, I have math. It’s not fun. Then at 9:00, I have science. The teacher says it is useful, but I think it is really difficult. So I don’t like it. At 10:00, I have history. After that, I have P.E. at 11:00. It’s fun and easy. Lunch is from 12:00 to 1:00. Then I have Chinese. It’s my favorite subject. Our teacher is great fun. Then I have an art lesson for two hours. It’s really relaxing.
9.寻物启事(Lost)和失物招领(Found)
写作要点：(1)丢失/找到的东西及描述(形状，颜色，地点)
(2)联系方式(电话或E-mail)
范文：
Lost(寻物启事)
I lost my black school bag. There are two books, a pencil-box and a set of keys in it. Call me at 1234567. Thanks for your help!
Bob
Found(失物招领)
Is this your school bag? It is in the school library. There are two books, a pencil-box and a set of keys in it. Call me at 3456789.
Mary
1) my name is XX，I’m 13 years old,I’m in No .14 middle school.I’m in Class5 Grade7.I
have many good teachers,they are very friendly to us .I like them very much.I’m a good girl.Do you want to know me ?
My name is Betty,I’m from England.I’m13 years old.I’m in No.2middle school.I’m in Class 2Grade1.my favourite colour is green.I have a good friend.her name is WeiHua.she is a good girl ,My English teacher is Miss Li.She is a good teacher.I like her very
3) much.Do you want to make friend with me?My family2)
There are four people in my family.They are my father,my mother,my brother and I .My father’s favourite food is noodles,and my mother likes fruit and vegetables.Such as,apple,orange,banana,tomato and so on.My brother likes eating rice. He often has some meat for lunch.I like meat and bread and I like hot-dog best.This is my family.
4) My good friend
I have a good friend,His name is Tom.He is from Canada.He is twelve years old .he has black hair and green eyes. He is 1.55metres tall.I like yellow very much.His schoolbag,his sweater and his coat are all yellow.He comes to school early.He likes bread,French fries and milk.we are good friend .I love him.
5)My favourite food
I like different kinds of food.I like dumplings,rice,humburgers and so on.
But my favourite food are mooncakes.I like them a lot.They are very delicious.
Mooncakes are delicious round cakes.Some have nuts or eggs in them ,and some have meat.They look like the moon.
I like mooncakes best.Do you like mooncakes.too?
6) My school Day
I get up at 6:30 every morning.I go to school at 7:30 am .Classes begin at 8:00.We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.We begin to clean our classroom at 4:30 pm.At 5:00 pm. I go home. After finishing my homework,I go to bed at 9:00 pm.
7) My name is Li Ming ,I’m 12 years old ,and I study in No. 13 Middle School .I usually get up at 6:30 in the morning .I have my breakfast at 7:00am .After breakfast, I often read English with my classmates .We have eight classes every day.There are four classes in the morning,and four classes in the afternoon.After school,I often play games with my friends .I’m very happy at school.
8)There are many animals in the world,Such as tigers,monkeys,rabbits,cats ,dogs and so on.They are lovely and beautiful .My favourite animal is a cat.Its name is Mimi .I often play with it after school.It can bring happiness to me.And sometimes animals can help us do lots of things .They also make us happy.So animals are people’s friends.We should love them and protect them.
9)Dear Jeeny.
I’m very happy to get your E-mail.Now Let me talk to you about my day, I get up at 6:30 in the morning.At7:30.All the morning I read . write and listen to the teacher .what hard work I do! So I’m very hungry.I must have lunch at 12:00 at school.I will have an English class at 2:30 in the afternoon,oh,It’s 16:20 .It’s time for me to go home .At 18:10 I have supper with my parents.What a happy and busy day it is!
Yours,
用英语介绍野炊情况 仁爱版英语七年级上册作文归类复习
一. 用英语介绍自己和自己的好朋友。 My name isWangLan. Wang is my family name and Lan is my given name ,I’m 11 years old .I am from Jinan , Now I’m a student in Yu cai Junior High School .I am in Class Five ,Grade Seven .My telephone number is 32704810. Rose Best is my good friend ,Her family name is Best and Rose is her given name. She is 12 years old. She ‘s from Canada. We are in the same class. And we are good friends. Her telephone number is 31843616. 二. 用英语介绍自己好朋友的外貌。 My good friends I have two good friends. They are Tom and Dick. They are from Canada.They have blond hair and gray eyes.They look the same, but they are in different clothes. Tom has a purple cap and Dick has no cap. Tom is in a white and blue jacket and blue pants.Dick is in a yellow shirt and black pants.Tom’s shoes are white and Dick’s are brown. They look cool. 三. 用英语介绍自己的笔友。 My pen pal I have a pen pal. Her name is Jenny. She comes from Canada and she speaks English. Now she lives in Beijing. she likes Chinese very much.But her Chinese is not very good. I often help her with her Chinese. 四. 用英语介绍自己的家庭情况。 my family This is my family. My father and mother are teachers. They work in No.1High School.My uncle and aunt are office workers.They have a son. His name Is Tommy. He is ten years old.They all live in Shanghai.My grandparents live with us in Beijing.They like Beijing very much. I have a big family. 五. 用英语写信介绍自己的学校及同学。 Dear Lily, I’m in America now. I study in a new school. My new teacher and classmate help me with my English.They are all kind to me.We have lunch at school. I like hamburgers. I’m very glad to be here. Would you like to visit me ? Yours , Xiaoya 六.
I would like to go to the West Hill for a picnic with my friends. They are Zhou Tao, Li Hong and Wang Yan. We want to take some bread ,chicken ,eggs and
orange juice there.We want to cook there.Wang Yan cooks well and I cook with her. Zhou Tao can play the guitar and Li Hong can sing songs for us. I think we will have a good time that day. 七.用英语介绍朋友一天的活动情况。
Li Ming is my friend.He studies at No.3 Junior High School. He gets up at 6:30 a.m. He enjoys his breakfast at 7:30 a.m. Then he goes to school at 7:45. At 12:20 p.m.,Li Ming finishes his morning classes and has lunch. At 2:40 p.m. ,
Li Ming Stars his classes again .He goes home at 5:00 p.m.,and has dinner with
his parents at 6:00 p.m.. 书面表达专项训练(1)附例文
训练1 例文 Name: Li Ying Age: 12 Class: 3
Grade: 7 School: Beijing No. 4 Junior High School(中学) Tel: (010)8860-1688
例文 My name is Li Ying. I’m a girl. And I am twelve years old. I’m from Beijing No. 4 Junior High School. I’m in Class Three, Grade Seven. My telephone
number is (010)8860-1688.
训练2 1. 假如你是Wang Ming，根据自己的实际情况完成表格。
2. 根据表格的信息用英语写一段话, 介绍你和你的朋友Lily的情况。不少 Name Age From Class Grade Telephone number Wang Ming Lily 11 England 4 7 (010)8769-5419
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 例文 Name Age From Class Grade Telephone number
Wang Ming 12 Beijing 3 7 (010)8756-4321 Lily 11 England 4 7 (010)8769-5419
My name is Wang Ming. I am from Beijing. I’m twelve years old. I am in Class Three, Grade Seven. My telephone number is(010)8756-4321. Lily is my good friend. She is from England. She is eleven years old.
She is in Class Four, Grade Seven. Her telephone number is (010)8769-5419.
训练3 用英语写一段话，描述你的一个朋友的外貌。50字左右。
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 例文 She has a round face, big black eyes, a big nose and a small mouth. Her hair is black and long. Her legs are long. Her hands are small but her feet _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 例文 My friend are big. This is my friend Rose. 训练4看卡片, 结合卡片上的内容, 写一篇短文(首句已给出)。60字左右。 Name: Zhang Jun Age: 13 From: Shanghai, China Looks: round face, short black hair, big eyes, tall and strong, yellow skin Clothes: blue T-shirt, black pants Favorite color: blue I have a good friend ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 例文 I have a good friend. His name is Zhang Jun. He is Chinese. He is 13 years old, and he is from Shanghai. He has yellow skin (皮肤), short black hair, big eyes and a round face. He is tall and strong. He likes to wear (穿) a blue T-shirt and black pants. His favorite (最喜欢的) color is blue. We are in the same class, and we are good friends. 训练5 请用英语介绍一下你母亲的体貌, 爱好的颜色, 服饰等。50字左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________例文Hello, girls and boys. This is my mom. She is a teacher. She is tall. She has a long face, big eyes and a wide mouth. Blue is her favorite color. Now she is in a blue coat. 训练6
以“My friend”为题, 介绍一下John。情况如下: 12岁, 来自美国, 棕色头发、大鼻子、大眼睛, 个高且壮, 长得像他父亲。可适当增加内容。50字左右。 __________________________________________________________________________
I have a good friend. He is an American boy. His name is John. He is twelve years old. He has brown hair, a big nose and big eyes. He is tall and strong. He looks like his father. I like him very much.
训练7写一篇短文把你自己和你的新朋友David向大家做一下介绍, 其中David的情况如下所示：
1. 13岁, 来自加拿大;2. 高个, 短发;3. 圆脸, 大鼻子, 小嘴巴, 大眼睛; 4. 最喜欢蓝色;穿蓝色上衣和黑色裤子;5. 在同一年级，但不同班，是好朋友。 要求：不少于60字。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________ 例文 I have a new friend in my school. His name is David. He is thirteen years old. He is from Canada. He is tall and has short hair. He has a round face, a big nose, a small mouth and big eyes. He is in a blue jacket and black pants. His favorite color is blue. We are in the same grade, but in different classes. We are good friends.
2013-2014学年仁爱版七年级英语上册书面表达专项训练(2)附例文 训练1请根据下面的汉语提示写一篇50词左右的短文。
提示: 1. 我们经常在下午去英语角(English Corner)。我们很喜欢在那里(there)说英语。
2. 我们一起帮王刚学英语。
__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 例文 We often go to the English corner in the afternoon. I speak English with my classmates. I like English very much. My classmate, Wang Gang, doesn’t speak English very well. We often help him at the English corner. It helps him with English.
训练2
以My Family为题, 写一篇介绍你家人的短文。要求50词左右。
例文
My Family
There are three people in my family. They are my father, my mother and I. My father is tall with big eyes. He is an office worker. My mother is short with long hair. She is a teacher. She teaches English in my school. I’m a boy with black hair and big eyes. I’m a student. My family is happy.
训练3. Kate来自美国, 现在与父母一起居住在中国。请结合下表介绍一下她的饮食爱好以及三餐的吃饭地点, 不少于60个词 (其中“√”表示喜欢吃的食物,“×”表示不喜欢吃的食物) 。 Meal Food Place Breakfast bread (√) milk (√) , eggs (×) home Lunch rice, chicken, jiaozi school Supper fish, cakes, apples home 例文 Kate comes from the U. S. A. She lives in China with her parents. She has breakfast at home. For breakfast, she’d like bread and milk. She doesn’t like eggs at all. She has lunch at school. She’d like rice, chicken and jiaozi. She has supper at home. For supper, she’d like fish, cakes and apples. She likes Chinese food very much.
训练4用所给提示写一篇60词左右的小短文。
提示: 假如你是Jim, 来自英国, 现在在北京学汉语。你和父母在一起住, 他们也在北京工作。你在这儿有很多朋友, 常与他们一起吃饭, 中国的食物很好吃, 种类多, 你很喜欢。
__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 例文 My name is Jim. I come from England. Now I live in Beijing with my parents. I study Chinese here. My parents both work in Beijing. I have a lot of friends here. They are kind to me. I often have dinner with them. Chinese food is very nice. I like many kinds of Chinese food. I like China. I like Chinese. 训练5
请根据下面的提示, 写一篇50词左右的对话。
提示:你去买一条裤子, 营业员告诉你有各种颜色的裤子, 最后你用90元买了一条蓝色的裤子。营业员和你分别用A和B表示。各种颜色的裤子: pants in all colors __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 例文
A: Can I help you?
B: Yes, please. I want to buy a pair of pants.
A: What color do you want? We have pants in all colors.B: How much is the blue pair?
A: It’s 90 yuan. B: OK. I’ll take it. A: Here you are. B: Thank you.
训练6根据下面的提示写一篇对话, 要求60词左右。
提示：Kate早上给Susan打电话, 想约她上午去野餐。Susan想去但今天没空, 她想明天去。最后定在明天早晨出发。Kate带相机(camera), 一些鱼肉和苹果, 并告诉Susan别忘了带些果汁。 例文 Susan: Hello!
Kate: Hello! This is Kate. Who’s speaking? Susan: This is Susan.
Kate: Would you like to go for a picnic with me this morning?
Susan: Yes, I’d love to, but I’m afraid I have no time today. What about tomorrow morning?
Kate: OK! Let’s meet tomorrow morning. I’ll bring a camera, some fish and some apples. Please don’t forget to bring some juice. Susan: OK. Goodbye!
Kate: Bye!
训练7请根据下面的提示词, 以My Cat为题写一篇50词左右的小短文。
提示词: a white cat, eyes, mouth, clever, play games with ... (和„„一起做游戏)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My Cat 例文
I like animals very much. I have a white cat. She has two round eyes and a Dear May, small mouth. She is very clever and cute. I often play games with her after
I’m David. I’m from England. I want to tell you about my family. Four school. I love her very much. She is my favorite animal. 训练8 下面是一则电话留言, 请根据留言内容, 编一段50词左右的对话。对话的开头已给出。 (对话中要出现人物Liu Dong, food and drinks Message To: Meimei From: Li Ming Time: Sunday Place: Zoo Meimei: Hello! Li Ming: Hello, Meimei! This is Li Ming. 例文 Meimei: Hello! Li Ming: Hello, Meimei! This is Li Ming. Meimei: Hi, Li Ming. Li Ming: Are you free this Sunday? Meimei: Yes, what’s up? Li Ming: Would you like to go to the zoo with me?Meimei: Yes, I’d love to. Li Ming: Please tell Liu Dong about it. Meimei: Sure, I’ll call him. Li Ming: Don’t forget to bring some food and drinks. Meimei: All right. See you then. 训练9
请你以David的身份给May写一封信, 介绍你自己和你家人的情况。你可以谈谈他们的工作和他们所喜欢的食品。信的开头和末尾已经给出。你需要用下面的提示词: family, happy, teacher, doctor, fish, chicken, vegetables。要求60-70词。Dear May, I’mDavid,England___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Yours, David
people (人) are in my family. They’re my mother, my father, my sister and I. My father is an English teacher. He likes fish very much. My mother is a doctor. She likes cooking. Chicken is her favorite food. My sister Julia and I are in the same school. We don’t like eating vegetables. But my parents tell us to
eat more vegetables. They are good to us. Look! We have a happy family.
Yours,
David 训练10
下面图表里是Lily和Jack两个人的资料, 请根据图表所列的信息, 写一篇小短文, 介绍两人的情况。要求60-70词。开头已给出。 Name Country Favorite color/food/animals Get up Go to bed (上床睡觉)Lily England pink, jiaozi, pandas 6:30 9:30 Jack Canada blue, hamburgers, lions 6:40 9:50
Lily is an English girl .She likes pink very much __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________例文 Lily is an English girl. She likes pink very much. Jiaozi is her favorite food. Her favorite animals are pandas. In the morning, she gets up at 6:30 and in the evening she often goes to bed at 9:30. Jack is from Canada. His favorite color is blue. He says hamburgers are his favorite food. He likes lions very much. He often gets up at 6:40 in the morning and goes to bed at 9:50 in the evening. Lily and Jack are both in Class One. They are good friends.
初一英语外研版(上)教案 Module 8 Choosing presents
一、学习目标: 1.单词和短语：
card, party, present, would, always, great, cake, never, special, eat, give, sing, happy, secret, CD, cinema, concert, magazine, scarf, silk, shirt, T-shirt, choose, exercise, wear, expensive, clothes, shoes, spend, money, film, song, match, weekend, at weekends, dear, hear, hear from, afraid
2.交际用语：
1)—Would you like to come to my birthday party? —Yes, I’d like to. When is it? 2)Great! 3)It’s a secret. 3.重点句子：
1) Daming always gets birthday presents! 2) She often goes to the cinema. 3) What do you usually do at a Chinese birthday party? 4) We sometimes give birthday cards. 5) My mother never makes a birthday cake.
二、重点及难点:
1.频度副词的使用及在句中的位置。 2.动词第三人称单数形式。
三、教学设计: Unit 2 She often goes to concerts. ⅠTeaching model Reading and writing.
ⅡTeaching method Communicative approach ⅢTeaching aims
1. To get information from the reading material about choosing birthday presents. 2. To write a description of one’s partner. 3. To get to know compound nouns. ⅣTeaching Objectives
Key vocabulary: CD, cinema, concert, magazine, scarf, silk, shirt, T-shirt, choose, exercise, wear, expensive, clothes, shoes, spend, money, film, song, match, weekend, at weekends ⅤTeaching aids Recorder, OHP, video ⅥTeaching Steps Step 1 Warming-up 1. Review the text of Unit 1.
2. Show some pictures, ask the students to look at the pictures, then talk something about the pictures. 3. Introduce the new words. 4. Read the new words. Step 2 Practice 1. Look at the pictures in Activity 1.
2. Read through the list of presents and have the students repeat them after you chorally and individually. 3. Match the words with the pictures.
4. Check with a partner.
5. Call back the answers from the whole class. Keys:
1. a concert ticket
2. a magazine
3. a silk shirt 4. a box of chocolate
5. a T-shirt 6. a CD 7. a scarf 8. a cinema ticket
9. a football Step 3 Reading. 1. Play the recording. 2. Ask the students to read through the passage. 3. Match the people with what they like doing. 4. Check with a partner. 5. Call back the answers from the whole class. Keys: 1. c 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. e
6. Choose presents from the pictures in Activities 1 for them. 7. Check with a partner. 8. Call back the answers from the whole class. Keys:
1. T-shirt 2. a silk dress, a scarf, and a box of chocolate
3.a magazine and a cinema ticket 4. a CD, a concert ticket 5. football 9. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words from the box. 10. Check with a partner. 11. Call back the answers from the whole class. Keys: 1. spends
2. money
3. silk
4. expensive 5. concert 6. weekends
7. matches
8. choose Step 4 Writing and speaking.
A. Write these sentences with ’ (apostrophe). 1. Read through the sentences. 2. Write these sentences with ’ (apostrophe). 3. Check with a partner. 4. Call back the answers from the whole class. B. Make a list of things you like and do. 1. Ask the students to make their lists individually. 2. You may care to suggest they write five things they like and five things they do.
C. Work in pairs. 1. Ask the students to talk about things they like and do . 2. Write a description of their partner. Step 5 Important and difficult points. She has got 11 silk scarves, 20 shirts and a lot of shoes. 在英语中，有些名词表示由两部分构成的东西。这些名词常常只用复数形式。做主语时谓语动词要用复数，表示数量时常与“数词+ pair(s) + of”搭配。 如：
shoes鞋
trousers 裤子
glasses 眼镜
gloves手套
shorts短裤
scissors剪刀
chopsticks筷子
That pair of trousers is Tony’s. 那条裤子是托尼的。 Scissors are used to cut things. 剪刀是用来剪东西的。 Step 6 Do exercises: A、单词拼写：
1. I have two ______(双)of new shoes. 2. The clothes are very nice. I don’t know which one to ______(选择). 3. I have two______(票).One is for my mother, the other is for my sister. 4. How much is this ____________(杂志)? 5. How much do you _________(花费) on these presents? 6. Please give me a _______(音乐会) ticket. 7. He’ll buy two _____(盒子) of cookies for his son. 8. This is a _______(丝绸) shirt. 9. I don’t know those ________(歌手). 10.My aunt sells ___________(衬衫). Answers: 1. pairs 2. choose 3. tickets 4. magazine 5. spend
6. concert 7. boxes 8. silk 9. singers 10 . shirts
B、翻译下列句子：
1.他喜欢阅读,但不喜欢去看电影。
__________________________________________________ 2.她从末去看足球赛。
__________________________________________________ 3.他既不喜欢打蓝球,也不喜欢踢足球。
__________________________________________________ 4.我妹妹经常去听音乐会,并且常买些她喜欢的歌手的唱片。 __________________________________________________ Answers: 1. He likes reading, but he doesn’t like to go to the cinema. 2. She never goes to the football match. 3. He doesn’t like playing basketball or playing football.
4. My sister often goes to concerts and she usually buys CDs by her favourite singers.
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