情感朗读：增加文本阅读的深度
朗读是阅读教学中常用的基本训练方式之一，不朗读学生就不会对课文产生真正而全面的理解。但需要指出的是，教师对学生的朗读指导不能仅仅停留在正确、流利的基础上，而是要让学生能够真正倾入自己的情感，使他们的阅读感悟更加深厚。那么，基于情感朗读的阅读教学应该如何实施呢?笔者主要以统编本三年级上册为例谈谈自己的教学体会。
一、以读为主线，落实教学目标
对于三年级的学生来说，能够正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文是阅读教学最基本的要求，但不是唯一的要求。教學时，教师还应以朗读为主要手段，兼顾其他阅读教学的目标。
1.更新观念，以读为主线
俗话说：“书读百遍，其义自见。”阅读教学时，教师应从学生的认知特点、规律以及教材文本的特征出发，不断更新教学观念，以改变教师机械传授式的教学，为自主阅读、有感情朗读等多维阅读目标的出现奠定基础。
如《古诗三首》中的三首古诗分别是《山行》《赠刘景文》《夜书所见》。在教学这三首古诗的时候，教师要改变传统式机械讲读、让学生死记硬背的教学方法，使学生在对古诗的反复诵读中，自然获得对诗意的理解。这样教学，以读代讲，教师教得轻松，学生学得愉快，很快便完成了阅读教学任务。
在教学中，不仅是古诗教学，阅读教学同样是如此，教师只有始终坚持以朗读为主线，鼓励学生在读中领悟，才能真正实现全面提升学生学习质量的阅读目标。
2.整体把握，在读中渗透
在三年级阅读教学中，教师不仅要让学生把课文读通顺、流利，还要注重对学生进行学习能力的培养。因此，在课堂教学中，教师应引导学生对课文进行整体把握，以朗读为主要手段，注重对学生进行识、思、练、议、悟等学习能力的培养。
如在教学《去年的树》一课时，教师就可以采取以读为主的教学方式，让学生自己朗读课文，并通过鸟儿寻找树的过程来感受鸟儿想兑现承诺的情感，在学生读到“鸟儿睁大眼睛，盯着灯火看了一会儿……唱完了歌，鸟儿又盯着灯火看了一会儿……”这句话的时候，教师要鼓励学生深入文本，想想此时此刻鸟儿心里会想些什么。这样教学，教师无须向学生讲解应该怎样读，只需要让学生在多读中自己去感受、体会即可，这样不仅能激发学生思维，还能培养学生的想象能力。
教学实践证明，在阅读教学中从整体入手，引导学生通读全文，不仅有助于学生对课文的整体把握，还可以使学生具有整体意识，提升学习能力。
二、把握朗读标准，读出层次感
在阅读教学中，一味地引导学生朗读是远远不够的，教师一定要从学生的阅读心理及认知规律出发，对学生的朗读进行科学、合理、严密的指导，环环相扣，步步深入，以使不同层次、不同能力的学生的朗读水平都能够在教师的指导下得到提升，并享受到朗读给自己带来的快乐。
1.依据学段特点，把握读的阶段目标
课标对每个学段学生的朗读都提出了明确的目标要求。在教学《不懂就要问》一文时，教师就可以从三年级学生的年段目标要求出发，基于课标关于第二学段中“用普通话正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文;初步学会默读，做到不出声，不指读。学习略读，粗知文章大意”等阅读要求，让学生先把课文正确、流利地朗读下来，然后，再让他们想一想这篇课文主要讲了什么内容，最后让学生进行有感情的朗读。从三年级学生的年段目标要求出发，符合学生接受认知事物的规律，更容易被学生理解与接受，阅读学习效果更为显著。
2.循序渐进，把握读的层次
达到正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文的目标并不是一蹴而就的，根据三年级学生的实际特点，教师可以从初读、精读、研读、品读等方面对学生进行指导。只有这样，循序渐进，以读为抓手，才能让学生读出层次，读出情感，顺利地完成朗读课文的目标要求。
如在《美丽的小兴安岭》一文时，教师就可以这样对学生进行朗读指导：一读，抓住“小兴安岭一年四季景色诱人，是一座美丽的大花园，也是一座巨大的宝库”这个中心句，引导学生从整体上把握课文内容，边读边引导学生感受小兴安岭一年四季的春、夏、秋、冬的美丽景色。二读，细读课文，仔细体会作者是怎样把小兴安岭一年四季的美丽景色展现在读者面前的。三读，在读中欣赏美，感受美，抓住文本中的优美词句，如“春天，树木抽出新的枝条，长出嫩绿的叶子”这样的句子，让学生说说“抽出”这个词语用得好不好，好在什么地方。就这样，以朗读为主要手段，引导学生进行三个层次的朗读，让学生真正感受到文本的结构美、语言美、用词美等，从而使学生的语感得到有效培养，提升学生的自主阅读能力。
三、创设情境，指导感情朗读
叶圣陶先生在《语文教学二十韵》中指出：“作者胸有境，入境始于亲。”在阅读教学中也是如此，教师不仅要让学生动情、有情、入情，还要让学生能够真正入境。因此，教学时，教师要善于根据文本内容的特点，为学生创设恰当的情境，让学生能够与文本进行真正的情感交流，从而使学生情动而辞发，达到理想的教学境界。
如在教学《秋天的雨》一文时，在学生熟读课文的基础上，教师就可以根据文本中所描述的情境，借助多媒体为学生营造出一种形象直观的学习情境。在这种教学情境下，教师再来指导学生朗读文中的句子“你看，它把黄色给了银杏树，黄黄的叶子像一把把小扇子……它把红色给了枫树……金黄色是给田野的……”的时候，学生心中有景，朗读起来景中有情，真正读出了作者对秋天的喜爱与赞美之情，深刻而丰厚。
四、情感朗读，指导领悟表达
在阅读教学中，当学生对文本内容、表达顺序等方面有了一个基本的了解与认识之后，教师还可以适当增加一个教学环节来启发学生进行思考：你还读懂了什么?由于这时候的学生对课文内容已经有了一定的了解与认识，也体会了情感，这个问题的提出就可以引导学生从表达角度的方向去思考，这就是情感朗读中的领悟表达。
如《海滨小城》一文作者按照“大海—沙滩—庭院—公园—街道”的顺序描写了海滨小城的美丽景色。教学这篇课文时，教师在指导学生读懂每一处景色特点的基础上，学生对海滨小城的美丽也有了自己初步的了解与认识。之后，为了使学生对海滨小城的美丽、整洁有进一步的了解与认识，教师提出了这样的问题供学生回顾与思考：海滨小城给你留下了怎样的印象?作者是通过怎样的描写来让我们感受到海滨小城的整洁的?作者运用了怎样的语言?在问题的引导下，学生抓住了描写海滨小城街道的句子“人们把街道打扫得十分干净，甚至连一片落叶也没有”中的“甚至”一词进行品味与感悟：大树落叶是一种自然现象，但是，在海滨小城的街道上，连一片落叶都难以发现，由此可见，海滨小城的街道是多么整洁。就这样，当课堂阅读融入学生自己的理解感悟时，他们在朗读的时候就有了与文本亲近、交流、沟通的机会，在这种教学情境下，学生的朗读也会更具情感。
加强情感朗读训练，不仅是阅读教学的重要内容，还是学生最容易融入文本的一种方法。因此，在课堂教学中，教师要能以朗读为主线，注重教学内容的整合，并为学生创设出恰当的教学情境，以使学生在入情入境的朗读中学习兴趣更浓，丰富学生的语言积累，培养学生的语感，增加文本阅读的深度。
(作者单位：广西桂林市育才小学)
责任编辑 刘 妍
作者：李赟
【摘要】近年来新课程教育改革事业快速发展，素质教育全面普及，对小学阅读教学提出了更多更高的要求，其更加重视朗读。要让学生在朗读中获取更多的感知，培养良好的语感，感受文章更深层的情感，在目前的小学阅读教学中需要更加重视朗读，加强朗读训练与指导。
【关键词】阅读教学;朗读方法;范读;教材;教学情境
《语文新课程标准》中明确提出，当前小学语文阅读教学需要重视朗读和默读。在小学阅读教学中，运用正确的朗读方式能够充分激发学生学习思维，调动学生学习积极性，培养学生的语文情感。随着朗读能力的提升，学生对于阅读课文的理解程度也会不断加深。阅读教学中的朗读是在艺术基础上的再创造，使得无声语言变为口头语言，让学生各个感官能够并用，加深学生对知识的理解与记忆，还能积累大量词语与句子，使得学生的口语表达能力和理解能力得到有效提升。所以，现阶段强化朗读训练不仅能够提高阅读教学质量，还能提高学生的语文学习能力。
一、朗读在阅读教学中的作用概述
朗讀是将文字转化为声音的过程，是根据书本上已有的文字进行有声的创作，与阅读教学紧密联系，是一种有声有色的阅读方式，是小学阅读教学中的重要内容。朗读从一定角度看是进行有感情阅读，对于理解文章重要思想感情等方面具有重要作用。在小学语文阅读教学中，朗读能够培育学生良好的阅读习惯，使学生在朗读过程中建立良好的阅读意识，帮助学生对已有的智力潜能进行开发，培养学生积极向上的性格。通过大量教学实践活动可以看出，对大多数成绩不好的学生进行朗读训练，对于语文成绩的提升具有一定的促进作用。正确的朗读方法能够促进学生对课文的理解，也便于教师对课文进行讲解。小学语文阅读教材中大多数课文都是以叙事类为主，让学生进行朗读能够掌握更多的名言名句，从而提升学生的写作能力。
二、阅读教学中指导朗读教学的现状分析
由于受到传统应试教育的影响，在阅读教学中朗读训练处于被忽视的位置，导致学生朗读能力受到限制。教师与学生在阅读教学中未能充分认识到朗读对教学以及个体发展的重要作用，没有建立明确的朗读训练意识。
(一)朗读指导方法较为单调
从阅读教学朗读训练现状来看，教学任务是让学生进行有感情朗读，当班级学生读完规定的教学内容之后，教师会进行统一的表扬，这将导致学生在朗读训练中存在的问题容易被忽视。在阅读感情色彩强烈的语句时，大多数教师让学生加重语气，这样更能突出感情效果。为了提起学生的朗读兴趣，教师在阅读教学过程中大多会采用分小组或分角色阅读的模式。从外部教学影响来看，此类模式具有一定作用，但是学生在朗读之前没有明确朗读的任务，在朗读过程中教师没根据学生存在的问题进行引导，没有对学生朗读结果进行评价，导致学生的朗读情感难以全面表达，朗读的效果受到限制。
(二)朗读时间较短，忽视了朗读的作用
从阅读教学实践活动中可以看出，部分教师在语文教学中只重视对文章以及写作手法的讲解，没有认识到朗读部分的重要作用，没有对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，使得学生的朗读能力得不到充分锻炼，出现读错字等问题。阅读教学的时间和课时受限，只重视教学，使得学生的读书时间不断缩短，朗读训练仅仅成为语文阅读教学的点缀。
三、教师做好范读，对学生进行感染
在小学语文高年级阅读教学中进行良好的范读是重要内容，对学生朗读能力的培养具有重要作用。所以，小学语文教师自身需要具有良好的朗读技能。当前小学语文课文中有较多内容学生难以理解，通过范读能够营造良好的课堂教学氛围，为学生朗读创造良好的环境。所以，当前教师通过范读，能够吸引学生的注意力，让师生都能有效融入教学角色中。教师在范读开始之前，需要为学生布置各项任务，让学生能够边听边思考，能够从范读中感受到节奏停顿以及情感表达，能够让学生更好地融入语文教学情境中，感受更为丰富的学习情感。比如在教学《十里长街送总理》此类感情色彩较为浓郁的文章时，教师首先可以进行范读，让学生能够掌握原文大体的情感，而后在理解原文的基础上，感受到全国人民在送别周总理时的悲痛心情，眼前会呈现出更多依依惜别的场景。而后学生在朗读过程中，能够更好地表达出全国人民与周总理之间的深情厚谊。为了更好地突出范读的效果，教师在朗读过程中需要声情并茂，让学生能够在闻其声之后感知到更为真实的场景，在感知情感的基础上来提升阅读能力和朗读水平，理解更多深刻的情感，对语文学习质量的提升也具有重要作用。
四、 以教材为基础，锻炼学生的语言表达能力
在小学语文阅读教学中，朗读是重要基础，所以当前教师对学生朗读能力进行培育需要从教材基础内容出发，根据不同课文内容以及思想情感对学生进行指导。在朗读训练开展之前，教师需要为学生布置相应的朗读任务，要求学生能够读准每句字词，不漏文字，完整读完文章。教师要为学生整合多样化的朗读内容，让学生能够在各类形式的朗读训练中，掌握充足词句，深刻感受各类情感。在掌握原文大体情感的基础上，教师对朗读语速等技巧进行调整。教师要让学生进行反复阅读，在此基础上对学生进行指导。在朗读技巧指导过程中，教师需要有机结合教材基础内容，让学生能够全面了解课文情感，对自身文学素养也具有良好的培育作用。在小学阅读教学中，大多数教师给予学生一定指导之后，会逐步改变自身在朗读中存在的各项问题，比如发音不准，情感表达不准确等。比如在学习《天山的托木尔峰》《莫高窟》等词句优美的文章时，小学生由于受到自身理解能力和认知能力的限制，对于此类地域性景色难以全面感知。教师需要在阅读中对文章主体部分进行梳理，让学生能够明确作者的情感以及写作思路，从而在反复阅读中深刻感受到文章的主体意境，在朗读中更好地通过语言表达突出文章情感。
五、创设教学情境，利用多媒体激发学生的朗读积极性
现阶段我国科学技术发展较快，在新时期小学高年级语文教学中，将多媒体设备全面融入教学过程中能够有效激发学生的学习兴趣。利用图片、音频等资源能够创设课堂教学情境，充分调动学生各个感官，创设多样化的课堂教学情境，营造良好的课堂教学氛围，为朗读创造良好条件。在教学过程中利用多媒体设备对学生学习兴趣进行培育具有重要作用，能够为学习活动提供重要动力，让学生在日常学习实践活动中更积极地探索新知识，锻炼思维能力。小学阶段的学生思维能力正处于发展过渡阶段，需要通过形象思维来促进抽象思维的发展。语文教师在教学过程中积极创设各类情境，能够让学生更好地融入朗读训练中，在朗读中建立更丰富的学习情感。多媒体教学最大的优势就是能够实现图文并茂，给学生更为直观形象的感知，全面激发学生的学习兴趣。比如在教学《草原》时，教师在教学之前搜集与草原相关的图片和视频，在课堂上进行播放，让学生能够充分领略到大草原的风光，再配上与草原相关的音乐，能够营造良好的课堂教学氛围，让学生能够全面理解课文内容，仿佛置身于草原的情境中。这样能够为后续的朗读活动奠定情感基调，当学生再朗读原文内容时，能够感受到更多深层次的情感，体会不同的学习情感。
六、對重点语段进行着重朗读
目前小学语文课文中有较多重点语段，许多词语表达较为生动，句子也具有深层次的含义，与全文中心思想感情紧密相连。所以教师引导学生对此类语段进行重点朗读，在一定程度上有助于学生提高语文学习质量。比如在教学《第一场雪》时，当学生阅读到“落光叶子的柳树条上，挂满了毛茸茸、亮晶晶的银条儿;冬夏常青的松树和柏树，堆满了蓬松松、沉甸甸的雪球……”此类语句时，教师首先需要对课文中的重点词句进行分析，然后让学生进行反复阅读，对重点词语读重音，让学生能够从朗读中感受到大雪过后的迷人场景，从而感受到自然雪景的变化万千，在朗读中能够逐步爱上自然美景。又比如在《难忘的一课》中，对“我是中国人，我爱中国”此类重点词句需要进行深情朗读，让学生能够感受到各个重点语句的主要含义，通过反复阅读对语感进行锻炼，使得学生能够强化对文章主旨的理解，从而为有感情地朗读课文奠定基础，便于学生强化对原文的理解。
大多数重点语段的句子都具有深刻含义，是全文中心思想的重要体现。对此类语段进行讲解时，教师需要注意教学方式，多读少讲，让学生先自行感知文章情感。目前小学阅读教学的课时有限，所以教师需要对教学时间进行合理分配，让学生有充足的时间进行朗读和理解，有时间对朗读中存在的问题进行纠正。在重点语段朗读中，字句需要不重复，不唱读，不停顿，不添加字符等，让学生能够在精确化阅读中对课文进行朗读。
七、结语
总而言之，在阅读教学中对学生朗读能力进行培育是一项长期性的工作。教师在日常教学活动中需要从教材内容出发，引导学生有感情地朗读，让学生在理解文章的基础上强化训练，深刻领会文章内在情感，通过反复性阅读，培育朗读情感，使得学生的朗读能力和学习能力得到有效提升。
【参考文献】
[1]张思玲.小学生朗读训练的指导[J].读写算(教师版)：素质教育论坛，2016(08)：55.
[2]李海燕.以朗读提高初中语文阅读教学的有效性[J].学园，2014(09)：98.
[3]沈春萍.阅读教学中如何指导朗读[J].读写算(教育教学研究)，2014(03)：73.
[4]土比阿尔.阅读教学中如何有效进行朗读指导[J].小作家选刊，2016(18)：128-129.
[5]甘润金.如何提高朗读指导的有效度[J].读写算(教师版)：素质教育论坛，2016(09)：2-3.
[6]陈海燕，曲艺红.阅读教学中如何走出“朗读”的误区[J].学周刊(上旬)，2014(04)：183.
作者：潘翠芬
摘要：教育部在2001年所颁布的《全日制义务教育语文课程标准(实验稿)》中指出："阅读是搜集处理信息，认识世界，发展思维，获得审美体验的重要途径。"这充分说明了阅读教学在学习语文中的重要地位。《语文新课程标准》也明确提出了小学生朗读的目标要求:逐步能用普通话正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。朗读是一种出声的阅读方式，它是小学生完成阅读教学任务的一项重要的基本功。
关键词：正确 熟练 感情个性化
就语文学习而言，朗读是最重要的。朗读是阅读的起点，是理解课文的重要手段。它有利于发展智力，获得思想熏陶;它有助于情感传递，产生情感共鸣。因此老师应该让学生养成正确的朗读习惯，读出声音来，读出情感来，读出韵味来，比仅用眼睛看所得的印象深刻得多，感情领会透彻得多。只要我们在阅读教学中加强朗读训练，让朗读走进小学语文阅读教学中去，我们的小学语文教学一定会变得丰富多彩。
一、正确朗读，养成习惯
字、词、句是形成语言的最基本的材料，识字、学词是儿童用口头语言过度到书面语言的最基本的环节，是学习文化的开始，识字、学词是阅读和写作的基础。 有人说:字典是最好的老师。因此我要求每个学生都必须准备一本字典。在上新课之前，我先让学生自己动手预习，看准字形，查找字音，先“读”为快。宋代的朱熹对朗读曾提出过严格的要求：凡读书须要读得字字响亮，不可牵强暗记，要多读数遍，自然上口，久远不忘。因此，我要求学生把字音读准，朗读过程中不添字、不减字、不颠倒重复字词，严格要求他们反复诵读，达到文畅气顺的地步，养成预习的习惯。这样就充分调动了学生的积极性，也顺应了部分学生好动、多动的生理习惯。在学习过程中，以小组为单位开展查字典比赛和朗读比赛的活动等等。通过各种各样的活动,训练、提高学生的朗读兴趣和朗读能力。
二、 熟练朗读，掌握节奏
古人云：熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。在读准字音的基础上，进一步做到语言连贯、节奏分明、语速适中、语音清晰。通过反复的诵读训练，让学生更好地体会文章的语言美。在课堂上，我先将停顿、语速和重音的一般规律告诉学生，然后拿出一个语段，让不同的学生来读，比较其好坏。熟练朗读一定要跳出第一步——正确朗读的束缚，由单个的文字换位到整篇的文章。著名电影演员邱岳峰同志曾写过一篇有关朗诵的文章。他说：“不要去念字儿，而要去说事儿。”央视著名主持人赵忠祥老师在给《小学语文教学》的一封信里也说：“朗读时，要避免浮在表面上念字儿，还必须运用丰富的内心现象，也就是作品中所描绘的各种人物形象就在你面前，作品中所描绘景色也展现在你面前，作品中所描绘的情节发展也如同你亲身经历。”
在诗词教学中，常常感觉开头难读，所以往往是为了读而读，不能尽快进入意境，读起来生硬造作。这是要加大读的量(次数)。朗读量的加大，定会引起质的变化。这里的质，是指对隐藏在文字背后精义的理解以及以后对其他文字的理解。如学习毛泽东的《卜算子?咏梅》。本文是一首词，在学生预习之后，我再帮他们标出重音和节奏：风雨/送春归，飞雪/迎春到，已是悬崖/百丈冰，犹有/花枝俏。俏也/不争春，只把/春来报。待到/山花烂漫时，她在/丛中笑。然后学生们先分组试读，再大声朗读，在反复诵读中逐渐掌握节奏，演绎抑扬顿挫的和谐美的音韵。通过重读的字词，学生自然能领悟梅花超凡脱俗、不畏严寒、傲雪开放的特点。一篇文章开始时并不一定能理解其深刻的含义，但只要反复地、大声地朗读，使它浮现于学生的脑际，成诵于学生的嘴边，就自然会与他们的生活经验、个人的联想与想象联系起来，使他们思维活跃，慢慢悟其真义。
三、 感情朗读，体验情境
通过阅读教学，又可以使学生在阅读过程中积累大量的字、词、句方面的知识，促进字、词、句等基础知识的学习。如：在阅读教学中，我着重引导学生借助字典、词典识字、解词，结合上下文和生活实际了解文中词句的意思，辨别词语的感情色彩，体会文中的关键词在表情达意方面的作用，理解常用的句式、修辞方法在文中的表达效果。还要求学生自觉地积累文中的优美词语，精彩句段，形成良好的语感，以便在习作中运用。读准了字句，掌握了音节，熟练朗读，从整体上把握文章脉络，透彻地领悟作者的思想感情，读出“神气”，与文中高尚的道德情操产生共鸣，并内化为自己的情感意志，即由文字、文章上升到文学，上升到对文化的品味、鉴赏的层次，这也就是小学第十一册语文课本读写例话中要求学生试着做到：把心放到文章中去，体会作者的思想感情。
小学生的生活面窄，所以不可能一下子唤起那么多的包含文字中的生活场景和作者所要表达的思想感情。这时老师就要带领学生们去读。一篇文章，在熟读以后，我要求学生掩卷深思，仔细揣摩文章的思想感情，并相互探究由此而获得的真切的感受。我们知道，任何一篇文章，它的语言文字背后总包含着丰富的意象。而这种意象又联系着文章的神气——含蓄的感情，唯有读者用心去读，才能深切感受到。在朗读过程中，学生要能把这些文字转化为自己想象中的画面，读“山”便会有山之巍峨雄壮，读“海”便会有海之博大深邃才行。
四、个性朗读 ，形式多样
“读，见于目，出于口，闻于耳，记于脑。”(廖华：《小学语文教学心理》)读，是培养语感最基本的途径之一。朗读是指发声阅读，就是指书面语言转化为出声的口头语言的阅读。“朗读有助于更加真切地感受作品，有助于因声解义，领略作品的精妙之处，有助于加强语感，以声传情。”(陆志平：《语文课程新探》)在小学阶段，朗读应做到读得正确，不读错;读得流利，不拖拉;读得有感情，不平淡。文章要让学生读，而不只是老师讲，“书读百遍，其义自见。”语文课堂听不到朗朗的读书声是不正常的。
教师指导学生 朗读，如果只用一种形式、一个腔调，时间长了，学生也会感到乏味。为了让学生对朗读永远有兴趣，在平时教学中，应根据不同的内容，做到“堂堂有新招，篇篇有花样”。童话可采用轮读课文的方式讲故事;散文可采用配乐朗读的方式设情境;对话多的文章可采用分角色朗读的方式练口才;介绍事物的文章，采用默读抢答的方式理解课文。在教学过程中，我常常用电教手段创设情境交融的氛围，让学生朗读时全心投入，真正感悟到语言美、意境美，同时通过领读、范读、赛读、演读、自由读等多样的形式，让学生充分展示个性。
老师在语文教学中，对于每一篇文质兼美且能让学生产生强烈情感共鸣的文章，我觉得都应指导学生反复地读，充分地读，在读中不断加强自身内心的体验，受到情感熏陶，获得思想启迪，享受审美乐趣，从而达到“文章读之极熟，则与我为化，不知是人之文、我之文也”的目的。
作者：王梅 廖彩云
Attend Your Classes Regularly
Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers.
In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future.
Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it.
1、In the lake
预决赛小低组文章朗读赛题库
Dinosaurs live outside the lake. Fish live inside the lake. Big fish and little fish are in the lake. Red fish! Yellow fish! Gray fish! Green plants! All are in the lake. Dinosaur bends down to eat the grass. Yellow fish jumps up to eat a bug. Red fish swims in the lake. Yellow fish swims in the lake. Red fish wants to eat. Yellow fish wants to swim away. Yellow fish hides. Red fish waits. Yellow fish waits. Red fish goes away. Yellow fish is safe.
2、Animal babies
Baby animals have mothers too. The mothers take care of the babies. The cow is eating with her calf. The mother cow is with her calf. The mother duck is swimming in the pond. Her ducklings are swimming behind her. The mother cat cleans her kitten. She licks her kitten‟s fur clean.The mother bird feeds her chicks. The chicks eat the worm. The mother fox stays with her kit. The kit is safe. What other things can mother animals do with their babies?
3、Picnic Time A picnic is fun! What can a family take? Apples are good. A family can take apples. A blanket is good. A family can take a blanket. You can take sandwiches. A family can make sandwiches. A big cake is hard to take. Cookies are easy to put in the basket Some families take juice. They can drink it at a picnic. A basket can be full. Picnic time can be fun!
4、As white as snow The sun was shining before. Now snow is falling! Snow is white. The land looks white. Does snow help animals hide? The polar bear is as white as snow. Can you find the polar bear? A fox can be as white as snow. Can you find the fox? The animals are white. The snow is white. The animals can hide in the snow.
5、Mouse Mouse likes cake. She likes to eat cake in bed. Mouse likes cookies. She likes to eat cookies in bed. She likes sandwiches. Mouse likes to eat sandwiches in bed. Mouse likes pizza. She likes to eat pizza in bed. She likes apples. Mouse likes to eat apples in bed. Mouse loves cheese. She loves to eat cheese in bed. And Mouse likes to dream in bed, too.
6、The very busy hen “Come and play,”said the dog. “No,” said the hen.
“I am very busy. I am planting the wheat.” “Come and play,”said the cat. “No,” said the hen.
“I am very busy.I am watering the wheat.” “Come and play,”said the horse. “No,” said the hen.
“I am very busy. I am mixing the bread.” “Come and play,”said the cow. “No,” said the hen.
“I am very busy.I am baking the bread.” “Come and play,”said the dog and the cat and the mouse and the horse and the cow. “No,” said the hen.“Come and eat!” And they did.
7、The big city “Let‟s go to the city,”said Mom.“Let‟s take pictures of the city,”I said.“I see a big bus,”
I said.“I can take a picture of the bus.”“I see a train,”said Mom.
“You can take a picture of the train.”“Look at the park,”I said.“I can take a picture of it.”“Look at the big building,”I said.“Let‟s go up to the top,”said Mom. “Look at the big city!”I said.
8、Mrs. Green likes roses very much and she has a small beautiful garden. There are many beautiful flowers in it. One day, the doorbell rings and she opens the door. She sees a little boy. The boy is about eight years old and has a lot of roses in his hands. “I am selling flowers.” he says, “Do you want any? They are very cheap. I pick them this morning.” “My boy” Mrs. Green answers, “I have a lot of roses in my garden. I needn‟t pay for them.” “Oh, now you don‟t have any flowers in your garden. They are all in my hands.” says the boy.
9、Rose is seven years old. She liked candy very much. But her mother didn‟t give her because she thought it was bad for her. One day, Rose asked her mother for five cents. “What did you do with the money I gave you yesterday?” “I gave it to a poor old woman.” she answered. “You are a good girl.” said her mother proudly, “Here are five cents more. But why are you so interested in the old woman?” “She is the one who sells the candy.”
10、It is a sunny day. The sky is blue. There is a sport meeting in the forest. Look, a deer, a horse and a dog are running. Four monkeys are climbing the trees. Six birds are flying around. Over there a rabbit and two cats are jumping. There are some other animals there, too. Some elephants are standing on the elephant. The monkey has a red flag in his hand. A panda is sitting under a tall tree. They are all happy.
11、Today is Alice‟s birthday. She is going to be ten years old. A lot of friends of Alice‟s are going to come to the party. They are all girls. Her mother is getting ready for the party. And her sister is helping her. Her father is going shopping now. He is buying a lot of bananas, apples, oranges, and pears. Then he goes home. It is two o‟clock in the afternoon. Some girls are here. Their party is going to start after twenty minutes.
12、Do you like playing basketball? There are 40 students in our class. Everyone in the class likes it very much. And many of them are good at it. More than half of my class plays basketball every day. We have a boy team and a girl team. In P.E. Classes, the two teams have matches. They play well. But they are friendly, too. This Friday afternoon our girl team will play basketball with Class Three. I think we must win.
13、The three pigs “Let me in,”said the wolf. “No!” said one little pig.
“Then I will blow your house down,”said the wolf. And he did.The little pig ran down the road. “Let me in,”said the wolf.
“No, no!”said the two little pigs.“Then I will blow your house down,”said the wolf. And he did.The two little pigs ran down the road. The wolf said, “Let me in!”
“No, no, no!” said the three little pigs.“Then I will blow your house down,”said the wolf. But he did not!Then the wolf ran down the road!
14、Mr. Green likes eating fish very much. One day, he comes home from work in the evening; he wants to cook the fish. But he can‟t find it. His wife says, “Oh, your cat eats the fish.” and then his wife gives him some bread for supper. Mr. Green is angry. He takes the cat and his wife to a shop and weighs the cat. Then he turns to his wife and says, “My fish weighs one kilo. My cat weighs one kilo, too. My cat is here, but where is my fish?”
15、Bob and Kim go fishing with a dog. They feel very hot. So they take off their coats on a big stone and go to the bank of the river to look for fish. After a while, they want to wear their coats. They tell the dog to go back for them. In fact, it is too hard for him. The dog sees a box under a tree. He puts the two coats into the box. So he can carry the coats at the same time. What a clever dog it is!
16、John is six years old. He likes pictures. But he is very bad at drawing. His mother buys some pencils and a drawing book for him, and he begins to draw. Now his mother gives him a small blackboard and some pieces of chalk. He likes drawing his father on the blackboard. He draws lines and erases them out for twenty minutes. When he looks at his picture, he is not happy. “Well,” he says to his mother, “I will put a tail on it to make it a mouse.”
17、Tom and Sam are twins. They are both in Class 2, Grade 3. Tom works hard at his lessons, but Sam is not good at his lesson. He likes nothing but playing. One day, their teacher told the students to write a composition “My Father”. In the evening, Tom wrote his homework in the bedroom and then read books. But Sam played all the time. Suddenly he remembered the composition and had to write, but he didn‟t know how to write it.
18、One day, when Mr. White came home from work, he found his wife was very angry about something. Mr. White always thought that he was more clever than his wife. So he finally said, “It is a waste of your strength to get excited about small things. Always keep calm. Like me. Now look at the fly that has just landed on my nose. Am I getting excited or angry? Am I waving my arms around? No, I am not. I am quite calm.” Just as he said this, Mr White started shouting, jumping and began to wave his arms. At last he told his wife, the thing on his nose was a bee.
19、Mr. Brown goes to night school on the weekend. He wants to learn English. It‟s Saturday evening, Mr. Brown is going to the bus stop. Now he is waiting for a bus. He is going to night school to learn English. The bus is coming. Mr. Brown gets on the bus. He stands next to an old man. The man in front of the old man is sitting. Just then a young girl stands up and says, “Please take my seat.” the old man takes the seat and says, “Thank you very much. It is very nice of you.”
20、One day little Jack came into a shop. He had five pence and he wanted to buy some oranges. He said to the shopkeeper, “Please give me oranges for five pence.” when the shopkeeper gave him the oranges, Jack counted them. Then he said, “Yesterday my mother bought oranges here for five pence, why did you give me so few?” “Don‟t ask me questions.” “Excuse me, sir.” Jack said, “But...” “It is all right, my boy.” said the shopkeeper, “Don‟t you know? The fewer oranges you get, the less fruit you will have to carry.”
21、John is six years old. He likes pictures. But he is very bad at drawing. His mother buys some pencils and a drawing book for him, and he begins to draw. Now his mother gives him a small blackboard and some pieces of chalk. He likes drawing his father on the blackboard. He draws lines and erases them out for twenty minutes. When he looks at his picture, he is not happy. “Well,” he says to his mother, “I will put a tail on it to make it a mouse.”
22、It is Sunday. Jack and Kathy are in a park. They are very hungry. They want to eat something. Jack wants some bread. And Kathy wants some cakes. Their mother buys some bread and cakes. They ask their mother to eat first. But their mother says she isn‟t hungry. They think bread and cakes are all nice. So Jack gives some bread to Kathy, and Kathy gives some cakes to Jack. They look after each other. They are very happy. and their mother smiles.
23、It is a fine day in summer. The grass and trees are green. The flowers are beautiful. Some birds are flying in the blue sky. The Browns go for a picnic. They bring some juice. Mr. Brown wears a yellow T-shirt. He is looking at his lovely daughter, Amy. Amy wears a pink dress. She is playing on the grass. Tim, Mr. Brown‟s son is nine years old. He is flying a kite. He wears a white T-shirt. Mrs. Brown is looking at him happily. They have a very happy day in summer.
24、Tim is seven years old. He is a good boy. But he can‟t get up early. He sleeps until eight or nine o‟clock in the morning. He is often late for school. Tim‟s mother doesn‟t want him to be late for school. So he buys him an alarm clock. She says to Tim, “You must get up when you hear the clock ring.” “Yes, Mum.” says Tim. After that Tim gets up at six o‟clock when he hears the clock ring. One day his mum forgot to wring up the clock. And next morning, Tim didn‟t get up at six thirty. It is time for breakfast. Mother went to see him. Tim was in bed and his eyes were opened. “Why didn‟t you get up?” Mother was angry. “I am waiting for the bell.” Tim said.
25、One day a dentist was starting his work. Suddenly a man ran in. His face was red and he could only say “Quick! Quick!” the dentist and the nurse thought he must be very ill. The nurse helped to make the poor man sit in the chair. The dentist gave the man some medicine to make the man sleep. Then, he looked into the man‟s mouth and pulled out all the bad teeth. As soon as the man woke up, he said in a low voice, “Quick! Quick!” “It is all right now.” the dentist told him. “It is over.” “No, I came to tell you your house is on fire.”
26、It is Sunday. Bob and his father are both at home. Bob wants to watch a basketball game, but his father wants to watch a film on TV. So his father asks, “Do you finish your homework, Bob?” “We have no homework today.” says Bob. “Do you read your books?” “Yes, I read them at nine o‟clock.” “Now let me ask you a question, „What‟s one and one?‟” his father asks. Bob is unhappy and says, “I don‟t know.” his father is unhappy too, and says, “You are a fool! What are you and I?” “Two fools.” answers Bob.
27、There is an old man in America. He doesn‟t like children at all. But he likes dogs. He has white dogs and brown dogs. He has mother dogs and baby dogs, so the children all come to his house and play with the dogs. More and more dogs come to the old man‟s house. Soon there are too many dogs. And the old man can‟t feed them. Then he has an idea. “The children all like my dogs.” he thinks, and he gives each child a dog. Then he is happy, the children are very happy, every dog has a home, they are happy, too.
28、The snake is a long and thin animal that lives in grass or other dark places. A snake has no legs or feet, but it can move very fast on its stomach. Snakes usually have green, yellow or black skins. It is difficult to find them. Some kinds of snakes live in water. They can swim as freely as fish. Snakes can sleep a whole winter without eating and drinking. They can not feel any pain. When the next spring comes, the snakes come out and begin their life.
29、“Joe!” said his father, “put on your cap and let us go for a walk.” Joe is happy. He likes to go out with his father. He put on his cap and coat. Joe and his father went out into the street. They saw a big black dog. The dog began to bark. Joe was afraid of the dog. He wanted to run away. His father said, “Don‟t be afraid, Joe! Don‟t you know the word „A barking dog doesn‟t bite‟?” “Oh, yes, I know, but does the dog know?” Joe said.
30、Giant pandas are black-and-white Chinese bears. They are large and cuddly-looking animals. They have a big head, a heavy body, rounded ears, and a short tail. The Chinese people call the panda “Da Xiong Mao”, which means “giant bear cat” in Chinese. The panda is a symbol of peace in China. This bear is quite different from other bears. It has unusual cat-like eyes, and its front paws have an “thumb”.
31、It was a sunny day of the summer holiday. The weather was hot. My uncle and I decided to go to the lake to swim by boat. It took us half an hour when we got there. Many people were swimming. Then we dived into the water. About an hour later, suddenly somebody called, “Help! Help!” we were surprised to see a boy struggling in the deep water. We swam towards him and pulled him to the shore. We sent him to the hospital.
32、It was a sunlight morning in spring. Our teacher took us for our first spring outing. We set off at seven o‟clock from school. In the warm spring, we were walking there together. Fifty minutes later, we got there. There, we were going to have a picnic. Some of us cooked rice, some cooked dishes, and some cooked soup. My desk mate and I fried eggs. At first, we put some oil in the pot. When the oil was hot enough, we put the egg into the pot.
33、“Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” This is an old English saying. It means that we must go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. The body must have enough sleep to be healthy. Children of young age need ten hours‟ sleep every night. If people don‟t have enough sleep, they can‟t do their work very well. They will not be wise and they may not have much money. The body needs walking, running, jumping, swimming and playing games.
34、Jack is a twenty-year-old young man. Two years ago, when he finished middle school, he found work in a shop. Usually he works until ten o‟clock in the evening. He is very tired when he gets home. After a quick supper he goes to bed and soon falls asleep. His grandma lives downstairs. One day, on his way home, he met Mary. They were both happy. He invited the girl to his house, she agreed happily. He bought some fruit and drinks for her.
35、Mr. White lives in a tall building. He lives on the sixteen floor. Every day, he takes a lift up and down. One Saturday afternoon, he went shopping with his little son and bought many things. They drove back and carried all the things up to the lift. Suddenly they saw a piece of paper on the wall. It said, “Dear sirs, there‟s something wrong with the lift. Please use the stairs now.” The son took a bag and ran upstairs quickly. But Mr. White walked and walked.
36、An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old. She couldn‟t run quickly, and she couldn‟t bite, because she was so old. One day, the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it, so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it. Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, “Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did.”
37、What do you know about the sea? Some people have seen it but others haven‟t. The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day and it can be very tough when there is a strong wind. What other things do you know about it? Of course, the sea is very large. In the world there is more sea than land. If you have swum in the sea, you know that the sea is salty. Rivers carry salt from the land into the sea.
38、Swimming is a good sport. It‟s popular. People like swimming because the water makes people feel cool. But if they swim in a wrong place, it is very dangerous. These years, some people died when they were enjoying themselves in water and most of them were students. Summer holiday will be there again. I want to give you some advice. Don‟t get into the water when you are alone. You should be careful in the water. If you know these, swimming will be safe.
39、Have you ever looked through a family photo album? Photos may help you remember events. They may also help you catch the mood of the moment. Did you know that there are many ways to create and capture memories without using a camera? Some people like to share their thoughts by telling stories. People can relive their past when they share stories. Have your parents or grandparents ever told you a story about their childhood?
40、It all happened on a foggy Saturday morning. My life was turned upside down and inside out. You probably know the trouble I am talking about if your family has ever moved. Let me back up. You see, I am the Smith family‟s cat. Now cats don‟t like changes. This is Dim, the Smiths‟ dog. Dogs will go anywhere with anyone at anytime, but not me. I think there‟s no reason to change where you live. So we were going to move, old Dim was delighted.
41、Some of the campers feel upset and angry. Their picnic was cut short by the storm. Dave says that as long as they are safe, stormy weather can be interesting and fine to watch. They can investigate the weather station now! Dave takes his group to meet Jackie, the lifeguard. One of her job is to keep track of storms and other changes in the weather. Jackie records what the weather is like in charts and logs. This helps her do her job of keeping swimmers and other people on the beach safe.
42、An invention is something new that someone makes or thinks of. To invent things, inventors must first have ideas. They research each idea, and then try the ideas, step by step. Inventors learn from ideas that work, but they also learn from failed ideas. Failed ideas can help them come up with new ideas. Some inventions solve problems. Some make things work well. Some inventions happen by accident.
43、A Day in May It is a gray day in May. This rain won‟t stop Ray. “I will use this in the rain. It will keep me dry!” Ray has roses in his yard. “Roses are just right for Gail,”Ray thinks. He picks red roses for Gail. Gail is at home. She broke her leg. Ray takes the mail to Gail. They play a game. Gail is smart. She uses her brain. She wins the game. Ray brings Gail lunch on a tray. “Does this make you smile?”asks Ray. Ray waves good-bye to Gail. He takes the short way home. Ray had a fine day.
44、Home by the Sea We take a trip to see friends. Meg and Ted‟s home is by the sea. We do many things with Meg and Ted. We go to the beach. We pick up shells. Ted digs holes. We plant bean seeds. Ted and Meg teach us about plants. We ride bikes to the park. Ted pushes us on the swing. Ted makes meals. We eat meat and peas. Meg grows huge peaches. We eat them with cream. We read together on the rug. Ted tells us tales about neat places. Meg drinks a cup of tea. When we say good-bye, we are not happy. We will send notes to Meg and Ted. We had a fun time.
45、Our Reading Party The kids in my class like reading. We read and read. In fact, we got a prize for reading a lot. This week we are having a big party. Our teacher gave each kid a job. “Please clean up this room,”our teacher said. “We need to clean as a team. It will be easy that way.” Dee is sweeping. Danny is picking things up. Dena is cleaning the glass. Steven is dusting that shelf. We bring things for this party. Jean is bringing cups. Lee is bringing plates. Mike is bringing napkins. Peter is bringing forks. Then we had cake and sweet ice cream. Our party was a blast! We will read even more to win again.
46、Bill’s Happy Day June went to the river. Bill was sitting on the riverbank.He seemed sad. “Hello, Bill!” June said. “Put on a smile! It‟s such a nice weekend.
You cannot be sad on a day like this!” “This is my birthday,” Bill said. “I didn‟t even get a card.” A teardrop rolled off his cheek. “Have you checked?”June asked. “No,” Bill said.
“Then how can you tell that you got no mail?” June asked. Bill and June went to Bill‟s mailbox. Bill had no mail waiting for him. He turned to go back in his house. “Wait,” June yelled. “I see someone. That mailman is running late. He has something big in his mailbag!” His bag is stuffed with cards and gifts for Bill!
47、In the Woods Kenny and his family like to go to the woods. They camp in tents. They swim in the lake and hike in the hills. Kenny unlocks the car. He helps his mom pack. Dad drives them to a good spot. Then they unload tents, full backpacks, and precooked food. Kenny unties the ropes on the tent. He helps his mom and dad set up the tents. Then Dad unpacks the food and sets out a yummy dinner. Kenny likes fishing at the lake. If Dad gets a small fish, he unhooks it and puts it back in the lake. Those fish are too little to keep.
48、I Might Be There are many jobs that people have. When I think about my future, I try to picture what I might be. I have many choices! Maybe I will be an artist. I can paint fine pictures, using a mixture of colors. My pictures will make people smile. Maybe I will be a firefighter. I can take action to protect my city. Maybe I will work at stations all over the nation! Maybe I will be a builder. I can make skyscrapers and houses in many locations. I could even make a house for myself!
49、Jumping Jack Jack likes to hide and wait. Jack likes to jump up fast. Mom and Dad say that it is not nice. Jack will not make friends if he plays that way. One day Jack hid behind his door. When Kim came, Jack jumped out at her. Kim got mad and began yelling. Then Kim went back home. When it rained next, Jack brought his best game and asked Kim to play it with him. Kim would not play. Jack felt bad. Jack sat for a minute. “It is not the best plan to jump out,” Jack said.
“It may make people mad at me.” “I‟m sorry for jumping out,Kim.”Jack said.
50、Big ben
Come and see Big Ben. See his new red cap. He has two big hands. He can clap, clap, clap. He has two fast feet that can tap the floor. He can make a fist and tap on the door. See him honk his horn. See him play his drum. He can ring his bells. He can sing. He can hum. He can clap, tap, tap as he sings a song. He can ring his bells as he drums along. When you see Big Ben you will clap, clap, clap. He is a one-boy band in a new red cap.
小低组：比赛形式：文章朗读(120秒)+评委问答(60秒)
This is the twins’ bedroom. In the room we can see a map. It is a map of China .Books are on the desk.They have a clock on the desk,too. Their skirts are on the bed .Their shoes are under the chair . Everything is tidy .Their room is not big. It’s very nice .The twins like it very much .
评委问答：1 .What can you see in the room ?
2.Are their room small?
I love my family very much because my parents love and care about me .
There are three people in my family .They are my father ,mother and I .My father is tall and strong .He is a teacher .He works in a school .My mother is a nurse .She works in a hospital .I am a student .Every morning,my mother and my father go to work by bus .I go to school on foot .
评委问答：1.How many people are there in your family ?
2.What does your father do ?
I’m a little rabbit.My name is Hanhan.Look! I’m very lovely. My eyes are red .My ears are long .My hair is white .My tail is short .I like carrots very much .I have a good friend .She is my little master.Her name is Lisa.We always play games together. “Come on,Hanhan..’ I’m so sorry.I have to leave now. See you tomorrow.
评委问答：1.What color are the rabbit’s eyes ?
2. What does the little rabbit like to eat ?
Ann Low comes from England .She’s an English girl.She can speak English and Chinese .Now ,she’s in Shanghai.She is studying in a middle school.On Sundays she often plays outside with her Chinese friends .
Her father works in a factory near her school .Ann and her father like Chinese food very much .And they also like China and the Chinese people .
评委问答：1. Where does Ann come from ?
2. Does Ann’s father like Chinese food ?
This is a picture of Mr.Black’s family.The man in the black coat is Mr Black .The woman next to him is Mrs Black. The little girl in the red dress is Anne.The tall boy next to her is her brother ,Peter. They are in China now .
Tomorrow is Children’s Day .Mr Black wants to buy some presents for his children .Anne wants a new skirt ,and Peter wants a new bike .They will have a happy Children’s Day.
评委问答1. Who is the little girl in the red dress?
2. What does Ann want on Children’s day?
塔水处上游小学 王海英、
阅读，是读者同作者交流思想感情的过程。有感情地朗读，是体会作者写作思想、写作情感的一种重要方法。当学生声情并茂地朗读时，就会不知不觉地进入作者的写作意境，产生情感上的共鸣。因为朗读有一种渲染情境的魅力。朗读在阅读教学中的重要重要表现在：
一、 朗读是激发学生阅读兴趣的有效手段
反复的朗读能使精美的语言、优秀的篇章储存在大脑里。平时朗读多的学生口头表达时，语言自然清新，条理清楚，逻辑性强;写作时语句贯通流畅，不时有佳句出现，明显地较其他学生胜出一筹;有了成就感，则自然而然地产生浓厚地阅读感。兴趣是最好的老师，其能推动学生寻求知识，开阔眼界，激励学生用心钻研学习，提高阅读效率。
二、 朗读是情感交流的有效方法
从某种意义上说，语文阅读教学过程是一种情感交流的过程。这种情感，包括文章作者的写作情感、教师的教学情感和学生的学习情感，三者融会贯通，形成了一个有机的整体。它不仅仅要求教师教学时有充沛的情感，更重要的是把这种情感有效地传递给学生，并调动学生的情感参与，来正确体会教材所温含的情感。无激情的讲授是呆板失败的，少热情地学习是被动消极的，这样的课堂是贫脊的沙漠。只有通过教师的指导，使学生在反复地朗读中理解作品，才能把文章的情感传递给学生，使学生与作者产生情感上的共鸣，从而更深刻地理解文章。
例如《秋天的怀念》一文， 文中作者非常注意对人物的对话、动作、情态
这些细节的刻画，通过对比来表现对母亲的怀念和母爱的伟大。只有通过学生反复地、饱含深情的朗读，与作者达到情感的默契，才能真正体会出其中那份对亲人怀念的情感，才能体味出母亲对子女的疼爱。也表达出作者对母亲深深的愧疚、热爱与怀念。
三、 朗读是汲取知识的途径
宋代的朱熹曾说：“古人云：读书百遍，其义自现。谓读的熟，则不等解说，自晓其义也。”有些语文知识，通过朗读，就会被学生理解并掌握。
例如《鲸》这篇文章，作者用列数字、作比较、打比方的说明方法，介绍了鲸的特点。学生反复朗读后会理解这几种说明事物的方法，记住鲸的特点。
朗读，的确在阅读教学中占据着重要的位置。那么，我们在教学中如何指导朗读，达到预期的教学目标呢?
一、 介绍技巧，让学生掌握朗读的知识
朗读是有技巧的，先要确定停顿。除标点符号的停顿外，重要的是告诉学生，句中表示一个意思的词或短语需要停顿时，不能割裂。其次是确定重音。凡是表达内心感受和思想感情的词语、修饰限制语、需要强调的词语都要重读。另外语气、节奏应有喜怒爱憎、悲惧缓急等。快、中、慢三种语速的应用也需要与文章的情景相适应，根据情感、语言特点来灵活处理。如朗读《小马过河》时，小马的声音应天真活泼，是清脆的、甜甜的;老马的声音应显得慈爱、温和、低沉;老牛的声音应浑厚深沉，语速缓慢一些;小松鼠的声音高、尖、细、快。通过这样反复的练习，使学生更深入体会到作者的思想感情和作者的写作意图。
二、 示范，让学生有样可仿
教师的示范性朗读具有以声示意得作用，一方面给学生提供了一个可供模仿的对象，另一方面又能引发学生朗读的迫切感。如《十里长街送总理》是一篇感情十分深厚的记叙文。在教学中我就用深沉悲痛、哀婉缓抑的音调进行朗读，将当时那种巨星损落，天安门广场人民掉念总理的无限哀思、肠断心碎、催人泪下、庄严肃穆的悲壮情景再现出来，学生对周总理的无限崇敬、爱戴、深切怀念之情油然而生，从而提高教学效果。
三、 结合体验，使朗读入情入境
在朗读文章时，只有把握住文章地情感，才能使朗读进入情境。生活体验，能够帮助学生对文章情感的准确把握。我在教学朗读《游子吟》这首赞扬母爱的诗歌时，先引导学生想想母亲对自己的关爱;然后让学生举例说说母亲是如何疼爱自己的;再让学生读《游子吟》，同学们读得感情充沛，清真意切。
四、 参与评说，提高学生的朗读水平
一个完整的教学过程，不能没有科学的评价环节，评价的实施，即可以让学生活动正确地反馈信息，好对自己的朗读进行有效的调节，提高朗读水平，有能激励其他学生认真听读、体会、感受，并提出不足之处，对人对己都有一种提高。例如，在《泊船瓜洲》一诗的朗读中，一位同学评议到：“正确的停顿应是这样，京口瓜州一水间，中山之隔数重山。春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。然而某某同学却是这样停顿的，京口瓜州一水间，中山之隔数重山。春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。这样一停顿，就读破了词了，影响了对诗句的理解。”由此看来，把点评的权利让给学生，会收到良好的效果。
五、 多读，使学生养成良好的朗读习惯
入情入境地朗读是一件动人动口的事，它需要长时间的训练。我认为其中的秘诀是-----多读。在平时的教学实践中，我一直要求学生每晚在家里大声朗读当天所学的课文，目的就是让学生在一次次的朗读中具体感受，养成朗读的良好习惯。因为语文教学离开朗读就不称其为语文，而且新教材所选文章内容丰富，语言精美，其中深蕴着美妙情思，所以学生只有通过多读多练，才能感悟、理解、品味文中的美妙情思，将作者的情感体验出来。
骅西小学
于娟 朗读在语文教学中是非常重要的，可以说是最重要的。
对于这一点，支玉恒老师是这样陈述的：朗读在语文教学占了非常重要的地位，下面连着识字、识词、识句再联系到写作、交际。是语文诸多目标中的中间环节。这对一个人全面素质的提高，对人心理素质的养成太重要了。大家可以观察，凡是朗读好的学生从性格上肯定是热情、开朗、大方、善于表达自己，性格一定外向、一定聪明活泼，语文能力一定高。因为平常读得多自然增加了语言积累，口语表达强，作文也错不了。在性格上热情、开朗更是可贵的。老师在外面上课，一般都是借班上课，只要是朗读好的班，课上起来绝对容易。善说、敢说，心理素质好，也有自信心，也有勇气，这都是朗读练出来的呀!不管你现在接手的是几年级的班，从第一天起就抓朗读，这绝对没问题，个个能读，每个同学都是生动、活泼。假如这个班不会读，不敢读，站起来读没声音，说话听不见。这个孩子将来在社会上生存不是很主动，依赖性很强，同时自信心肯定不强。一个人的自信是做事、做人最重要的心理素质。从哪培养，朗读就是途径之一，朗读非常重要。
那么，如何在阅读教学中有效的进行朗读指导呢?以我的个人经验总结了以下几点：
在阅读教学中进行有效的朗读指导的第一种是：
一、在评价中指导朗读。 经常让学生朗读是对教学的一种反馈，同时对朗读情况评价又是对读的反馈，我们检测学生的朗读，并对读进行评价可以有效地提高阅读质量。对朗读进行评价，可以是教师的评读，即是师评;也可以让学生之间互相评读，即是生生互评。
现先来说说“师评”。教师及时对学生的朗读进行创造性、巧妙的评价，是非常有效的朗读指导方法。在实际课堂教学中，我常常奉行着它使我的课堂生机勃勃，使学生的朗读能力日渐提高。
我对学生的朗读评价没有一个固定的一模式，总是因人而异，因时而异，因课而异，因发生的情况而异，并要求自己的评价语做到准确得体，生动丰富，机智巧妙，诙谐自然。如在初读阶段，我会有针对性地作出不同的评价来提醒来纠正学生：“这个字念得不够好，跟老师再念一遍”“你读得很准确，若声音再响一点点就更好了。”“老师总觉得有人在追你，要不怎么读得这么急呀!”通过评价，让学生一步步地做到朗读的基本要求“快慢适度，富有节秦，态度大方，语言流畅。而在品读感悟阶段，在学生读得好时，我则结合具体的语境进行机智巧妙而富有激励性的指导。
教师在学生朗读时进行适当的评价，不仅可以有效地指导学生进行朗读，还能激发学生读书的欲望和兴趣，有效地提高了学生的表达能力，促进了其思维的发展。同时，教师长期地坚持得体的朗读评价，也培养了学生的评读能力，促进了学生之间的互评，即是朗读评价的第二种—— “生生互评”。
教学中，培养学生评读能力，能使他们更好地掌握朗读方法。因为孩子们年龄虽然很小，但是对课文内容的理解，对作者的情感体验也有着不同的想法和见解。 “评读”不仅能使他们练就自己能读书的本领，而且能更好地体现语文教学的人文性。我们朗读评价可结合层次性的原则分以下三步进行评读训练：首先，初读课文时，请学生评朗读者是否能把文章读准，尤其是否读准了多音字和容易混淆的字的读音;通读时，评是否读得流利、通顺;精读课文时，评读是否强调了重点词句，是否再现了语言文字所体现的情境;请学生把自己认为读得好的句子和读不好的地方用两种符号分别画下来。这样，在进行评价时，学生就能畅所欲言了。对于前两步的评读，学生很容易掌握要领，而对于第三步，则有一定的难度，开始学生只会说：“我认为他读得很好”“我觉得他读得很有感情”这样的套话，至于为什么好，好在哪里，就不能很准确地说出来了。但是因为有了前期的“师评”的牵带，学生逐渐地也能进行自主性评价了。
有效的朗读指导的第二种是：创设情境指导朗读
创设情境指导朗读的方法有很多种，如：利用电教媒体创设情境;气氛渲染的方法;用角色扮演的方式创设情境;想像体验的方式;利用基本功图画再现等。它们都是行之有效的朗读指导方法，我们可以根据不同的课文特点结合我们的学生的实际情况，选择使用它。下面只讲气氛渲染的方法。
我们在教学中，经常会遇到这样的情况：有时学生即使能够理解课文的思想感情，但朗读中难以真切地把这种情感表达出来。这时我们该怎么办呢?对此，我不作过多讲述，不作过多指点，而是通过情境创设，气氛渲染，再使学生设身处地，朗读表达，其效果颇好。
教过《月光曲》一文的老师，也许就能感触到：对由《月光曲》产生的美妙想像仅靠语言的点拨，学生朗读是难以到位的，而以美妙的音乐渲染气氛，听其乐，见其景，生其情，学生朗读课文就达到了“心有灵犀一点通”的境界。适合此类指导方法的课文还有五年级教材《二泉映月》，这学期在上这篇课文时因为一时找不到该曲子，引导学生理解课文体会阿柄创作的情感变化，让他们感悟乐曲描写的意境，我就感到十分吃力，朗读效果自然遭透了。当时，语言的表述显得是那么的苍白无力。后来几经周折找到音乐老师借到该曲的录音带，从家里借了儿子的复读机，在课堂上补充播放了乐曲，当学生屏息静气悉心聆听后，竟不由自主地捧起课本，入情入境地读起了课文。课后，一位学生谈自己的感受时说：“陈老师，你为什么不早一点给我们听这首曲子呢?它真是太奇妙了!听着它我似乎就看到了树木葱茏，藤萝摇曳，月光似水，静影沉璧，阿炳正坐在泉边沉思往事……”瞧，结合课文特点，适当地利用音乐渲染气氛来指导朗读也是十分有效的方法呢。
有效的朗读指导的第三种是：教师范读或录音范读。在语文教学中经常针对一些意境深远，情境幽雅的、意义深刻的文章，进行范读，这样能够帮助学生拉近与文本情境之间的距离。在学生读一些句子读得不到位，这也需要教师及时指导，给孩子一个范读，让他们有一只抓手，知道怎么读会更好，这样有个引领，他们就不会迷茫。
此外，阅读教学中的朗读指导还有很多，如增添提示语朗读，设计问题指导读;运用体态语提示读;比较读等等，由于本人水平有限，探索得不够全面，但却在教学中扎扎实实地实践过，印证过，并收到了良好的效果，在今后的教学中，本人还将继续深入探索、为全面提高学生的语文素养打下坚实的基础。需要提出的是，学生朗读能力的形成不是一朝一夕就能奏效的，在长期的教学中我们要持之以恒的进行有效的朗读指导。另外，因为学校现有的教学设备及有限的资源，使我们一些比较实效的指导方法在常规的课堂教学中无法实施，这实在是一件遗憾的事。
任何一种语文能力的得来，都离不开读。读，它本身既是一种能力，也是一种方法——学习语文的根本方法。朗读是形式多样的，是最重要的方式之一，是最有情致、最赏心悦目的，而实效性的指导是实现它的唯一途径!呼唤实效的朗读指导，让语文课堂因为实效性的朗读指导而更加精彩!
“阅读之星”评选
为了进一步营造书香校园文化氛围，鼓励学生以书为友，进行丰富的课外阅读，养成良好的读书习惯，拟在全校进行“阅读之星”评选活动，具体评比方案如下：
一、“阅读之星” 评选条件(学生必须同时具备以下条件方可推荐申报)
1.有良好的阅读习惯和较深厚的阅读兴趣;能在班级或学校起发挥“课外阅读”的模范带头作用;
2.积极参加学校组织的阅读活动，认真阅读学校推荐的阅读书目，经常向学校阅览室、班级图书角借阅书籍，能写较为具体、真实、生动的读后感;
3.坚持诵读《课程标准》推荐的古诗文经典诵读内容，低年段学生能背诵30首以上，默写10首;中高年段学生能背诵50首以上，默写20首;初中生能背诵70首以上，默写30首。
4.读书量大：低年级一学期课外阅读总量不少于1万字，中年级一学期课外阅读总量不少于10万字，高年级一学期课外阅读总量不少于25万字，初中生课外阅读总量不少于30万字;做好“读书摘记”;积极参加学校、班级组织的各种读书活动，并有2篇作文能在校作文比赛中获奖。
二、评选办法
1.各班在校内开展相应活动的基础上，评选推荐出“阅读之星”，推荐到教研室组织进行评选。相关材料于10月25日前交教务处。
2.“阅读之星”上交相关评选材料：推荐表，该学生的读书摘记、作文、发表文章等所有能反应该生读书质量的材料。
仁和集学校教务处 2011.10.10
阅读之星评选
仁和集学校教研室2011.10.10
推荐阅读：
阅读之星答案（精选7篇）07-01
班级阅读之星（精选6篇）07-10
阅读之星简介（精选7篇）09-20
阅读之星评比（通用6篇）04-19
阅读之星事迹（精选6篇）06-05
阅读之星申报材料（共6篇）04-10
阅读之星事迹材料（共6篇）04-10
阅读之星评比表（共6篇）05-25
阅读之星a（精选9篇）12-23
阅读之星发言稿（推荐2篇）04-19
