如何写出地道的英文文章以及如何是英文思维
写在前面的话：这篇文章是已经在中英同声传译岗位工作九年的CindySSS师姐关于英文写作的一些小心得，在转到这里的过程中，我进行了一些小修改，比如把乔治奥威尔的六原则的翻译贴在了这里。写作不是一蹴而就的事情，需要经过长期有意识的训练。这是师姐的博客地址：http://cindysss.com/ 首先明确目的，需要写什么类型的文章，业务邮件、商业企划书、新闻稿件还是小说散文。每个类型，你需要看的文章和学习的方式侧重都不一样。
其次是方法，想到的是几点需要注意的地方，当然并不完全。不是说你做到了以下这几点，一周后就能够写出流利地道的英文来，但是做到了这些，日月有功，慢慢的就会看到自己的进步。
1.用英文思考，就算是只知道几百个单词，也要用英文思考，这样才有可能产生语感。这是最最基本的要求。
2.大量阅读。看自己感兴趣的东西，不一定需要很难。《哈利波特》可以《冰与火之歌》也行，StephanKing或是现代爱情小说也没有什么不可以（尽量找当代的东西）。这个阶段其实还是培养语感。
3.写。其实并不需要一开始就追求「地道」，或是「文采」。初学者如果一开始就把目标定在这里，就会自觉不自觉地在不清楚怎么用的情况下使用「看起来很牛」的词或是句子。像是学开车一样，一开始的目标并不是要学成漂移，而是安安稳稳地在保证自己和他人安全的前提下到达自己的目的地。
最重要的原则，是写下来的东西一定要清楚明白。开始的时候请少用，甚至不用从句，永远不用自己不认识的词。如果一定要用新词，要查英英词典（桌子椅子这种性质的名词除外）看例句，把副词搭配和用法都弄清楚了才能用。Thesaurus一定要和英英字典结合着用。写完之后，请通读(可以读出声来)几次，把明显的单复数、时态和人称错误都改好。段和句子都分好。看看整篇文章的逻辑清不清楚。这看起来很简单，但是其实「地道」最基本的要求，就是让别人能够明白你想要表达的意思。
《经济学人》网站上写作风格指引很好，引用了乔治奥威尔的六个基本要求，虽然是英文但是非常非常简单易懂，建议大家直接点进去看看http:///styleguide/introduction。
【1.不要使用隐喻、明喻，以及其他你从报刊上看到的比喻手法。 2.在能用小词的地方绝不使用大词。 3.如果可以剔除一个词，剔除之。 4.能用主动语态的不用被动语态。
5.如果你能从日常英语中找到合适的对应的词，绝不使用外国短语、科学词语和一些专门的行话。
6.如果按规则会说出粗野的话，立即打破上述规则。】 4.进步
有三四年中，一个星期至少会有两三个早上，我会坐在电脑前面打开当天的NewYorkTimes,找出自己感兴趣的文章，仔细阅读，把觉得不错或是一直不知道怎么说的表达方式记在一个legalpad里面，第二天再看一次，不时再翻一翻。（现在也该这么做的，实在是懒了）。把一个意思的不同表达方式都慢慢汇集到一起。在适合的时候用上。（而你不一定用NewYorkTimes,还是看你需要写哪个类型的东西，可以是汇丰财报，也可以是wired。）
这么做下来，写出来的东西应该就会越来越地道，重要的还是坚持,实在是懒的话，把「最重要的原则」那段列出来的几点做到，你的读者应该已经会很感动了。
.................................................11.05.................................................................................... 关于奥威尔六原则的问题。 有很多同学反映，这六原则似乎有点过时了，在国内诸多的应试作文中大多追求各种从句、复杂句以及华丽的辞藻，句子能写多复杂就写多复杂。时过境迁，一些原则可能确实有所争议，我的意见也是兼听则明，偏听则暗。前阵子《中国好声音》很火，刘欢老师在点评选手时常说一句话：“唱歌时不要去秀技巧，而是用心去挖掘感情。”另外，我还想引用一句话，每个设计师或多或少都有这样一个梦想：tocreateanenormousobjectdrawnasfaintlyaspossible. 见山是山，见山不是山，见山又成山。 为了迎合国内阅卷老师，写复杂点也无可非议。
.................................................11.05.................................................................................... 英语思维的问题。 同样引用师姐的话。
人在思考的时候，用的是「思维的语言」，这种语言语法相对简单，也相对模糊。而在需要输出的时候，我们才把这个「思维的语言」「翻译」成自己要说的语言。 所以，在学习母语的时候，我们是将「思维的语言」和母语对应起来。
而在学习外语的时候，我们需要做的事情，是将「思维的语言」和外语对应起来。但是有很多人，因为母语很直接和显性，所以不知不觉地，把母语和外语对应，这样的话，等于你要说一句外语，要先从「思维的语言」生成意思，再「翻译」到母语，再「翻译」成外语。这样，对于外语规则的学习，就变成了基于母语，而不是更本能的基于「思维的语言」。 我总是觉得，所谓的「擅于」学什么东西。只是人本能学习这样东西的方法，正好贴近这样东西的本质而已。
说了这么多，其实并没有直接回答「如何培养英语思维？」的这个问题。因为我觉得英语思维不是「培养」出来的，而是一个开关，有，还是没有。是逼着自己做出来的。如果要有的话，就要从Thisisanapple开始，硬逼着自己把「思维的语言」——母语——英语的这条通路，改成「思维的语言」——英语。这是个漫长慢慢练习的过程。
......................................................11.05......................................................................... 关于思维养成的事情。
有同学反映问英语思维该如何养成，其实一言以蔽之便是：输入，输入，大量的输入！ 我觉着张晓楠老师的这篇文章就很不错《如何边学边写提高英语写作水平》虽然张晓楠老师的出发点是练习写作，但是在我看来，也是一种很好的练习英文思维的方法，我把部分内容摘抄如下：
【模仿写作。模仿写作类似于、但不同于汉译英。模仿写作要求文章本身是原汁原味的英语文章，同时有比较地道的汉语翻译。我们在训练的时候，先不要看英语原文，而是看着翻译过来的汉语，先把它翻回英文。之后再和英语原文对照。有比较就有鉴别。通过这种比较，我们就能够感觉出，同样一个意思，人家用那个词，那样的句型表达，为什么比自己写的好。这比单纯的背诵人家写好的英语范文，或者自己埋头苦写，不去积累，效果要好很多。这个方法很简单，但对于提高写作水平非常有效。】
Robin Green
robinjgreen@yahoo.com
32 Gilmore Lane
West Springfield, IL 23408
Home: (412) 555-1212
Objective An entry-level position in international banking WORK EXPERIENCE
STANDARD CHARTERED BANK Springfield, IL
June 1999 -
Present
Data Services Manager/Administrative Assistant Prepare for meetings and correspond with member representatives on upcoming meetings Prepare correspondences, document invoices, including materials for payment of trainers Maintain in-office calendar and training calendar, keeping track of schedules/appointments Format monthly newsletter and membership directory Create and reconfigure client databases
Supervise, manage and train 22-person office staff
STANDARD CHARTERED BANK Springfield, IL
April 1997 -
June 1999
Bookkeeper/Training Coordinator Received cash and check receipts, maintained ledger book and computer record of band deposits Wrote and distributed employee and contractor checks Posted billing and ran various invoices for member and non-member agencies Organized materials for various training sessions, registered participants, prepared room and organized catering
STANDARD CHARTERED BANK Springfield, IL
February
1996 –
April 1997 Receptionist/Information Specialist Answered phones, greeted and assisted visitors, and handled general administrative duties, such as
filing, faxing, copying and mailing
Organized mailing of monthly newsletter
IMEX MARKETING
Customer Service Representative
Checked order forms, confirmed and canceled magazine orders Corresponded with customers Memphis, TN June 1995 - February 1996
EDUCATION
June 2004 WEST SPRINGFIELD UNIVERSITY West Springfield,IL Master of Business (MBA) International Finance
Coursework includes: international finance, contract negotiation, legal issues in international banking.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel
PowerPoint
Lotus Spreadsheet
5201. 别说是我做的。 Don’t tell anyone that I did it.
注：小孩子常把这句话说成“Don’t tell on me!”或”Don’t rat on me!”
意思一样，只是后者比较俚俗一点。
202.没必要对你说。 No need to tell you. / Why tell you?
203. 不要学我说话! Don’t repeat everything I say!
204. 你真是没救了! You’re hopeless!
You’re a failure!
You’re pathetic!
You’re incompetent!
205.你那时什么脸? What kind of look is that?
206. 我看没这必要。 There’s no need. / There’s no necessary.
207. 这是你说的喔! You said it. I didn’t. (本句表示说话人在撇清责任，不愿因说出实情而惹上麻烦。
208. 我只有一双手。 I can’t do two things at the same time.
209. 怎么不说话了? Cat got your tongue? (本句形容因害羞或紧张而说不出话来。210. 你有完没完啊? Are you through? (表示对方感到不耐烦)
211. 听起来很麻烦。 Sounds like a pain in the ass.
注：本句用到ass这个字，属于在私底下的说法。一般较正式的用法会那butt取代ass，或是说Sounds like a lot of trouble 或 Sounds troublesome.
212. 我不会怪你的。 I won’t blame you. (表示说者对所谈之事真的不在意。)
213. 怎么可以这样? How could you do this?
214. 我手机没电了。 My cell phone’s out of batteries.
My cell phone ran out of batteries.
215. 他还是老样子。 He’s the same as always. (如要强调面貌、外表还是一样，可以说“He looks the same as always.”)
216. 现在又怎么了。 What’s wrong now? (表示说话人已经不耐烦了;在一般口语上，也可说“What now?”。
217. 就差那么一点。 I was this close!
218. 我还不是很饿。 I’m not that hungry.
219. 怎么还不下课? When’s class gonna end?
220. 饶了我吧!拜托! Give me a chance please!
221. 你打算怎么办? What are you gonna do?
222. 这次不算!重来! This time didn’t count. Do it over!
It didn’t count this time do it over again.
223. 你不会后悔的。 You won’t regret it.
224. 你不是很好吗? Isn’t that great?
225. 我招谁惹谁啦? Who did I piss off? (一般常用俚语，用字较为粗俗，故多出现在和熟人谈话之间。)
226. 听我的准没错。 Just listen to me and you’ll be fine.
227. 先帮我垫一下(钱)! Can you spot me?
228. 英雄所见略同。 Great minds think alike.229. 你这是何苦呢? Why torture yourself?
230.哟!看看是谁来啦? Oh! Look who’s coming?
231.我说真的，不骗你。 I’m telling the truth. I’m not lying.
232.你就直话直说吧! Just tell it like it is.
233.问一下又不会死。 You won’t die for asking.
234.我想请你帮个忙。 Could you do me a favor?
235.你有没有在听啊? Have you been listening?
236.也可以这么说啦! You could say that too.
237.到时候就知道了。 I’ll know when the time comes.
238. 好戏还在后头呢! You ain’t seen nothin’ yet!
239. 忘恩负义的家伙! Ingrate!
注：这个字本身就较为粗鄙，通常是对某人已经厌恶到极点时才会用。
240.你太得寸进尺了。 I give you an inch and you take a yard.
注：表示不知分寸，爱占便宜。也可说：“I gave him an inch
and he wanted to take a mile.”
241.好戏就要开锣喽。 Good things have just begun!
注：这句话可以表示说者很期待某件事的发生，或者事抱着瞧不起的心态看待即将发生的事。242.我也无话可说了。 I’m speechless.
243. 这真是人间美味。 This food is out of this world.
注：这句话不只形容食物好吃，也可形容人或东西好的不得了。例如: “ The car is out of this world.” (这车实在是炫毙了)
244.干嘛神秘兮兮的? Why so mysterious?
245.别再婆婆妈妈了! Stop being so indecisive!
246.身在福中不知福。 Take it for granted.
E.g. A: You should appreciate the fact that you have parents who love you. Don’t take it for granted.
247. 嗨! 我们又见面了。 Hey we meet again!
8 字篇
248.有本事你做给我看! Let’s see you do it! (语气多半是不高兴的，故会在you加重语气)249.你没别的事好做吗? Don’t you have anything better to do?(本句有要对方离自己远一点的意思)
250.你先走，我随后就到。 You go first. I’ll catch up later.
251.我不晓得在哪儿见过他。 I don’t know where I’ve seen him before.
252.我根本不是他的对手。 I’m no match for him.
253.你一定可以撑下去的。 You can do it.
254.我一个人哪做得完啊! I can’t do it by myself.
255.我这样还不是为你好! I’m doing it for you!
256.天底下哪有这种好事。 That’s too good to be true.
257. 这样算什么英雄好汉? What kind of hero is that?
注：常用于私底下对他人得批评。更挖苦的说法则是“Some hero huh?”
表示非常的不以为然。
258.你以为我喜欢这样啊? You think I like it like this?
注：说这句话时，代表说者可能受到委屈、被人误会或不甘愿做某事，心中有所不满，所以要用抱怨的语气来表达。另外，若是以开玩笑的口吻来表达，这句话可以代表完全相反的意
思。也就是“我其实很喜欢这样!”。
259. 这可不是天天都有的。 It doesn’t happen every day.
260.除了吃，你还会做什么? What do you do besides eating?注：这句话在中英文都是很鄙视人的话，十分刻薄。
261.大家都好了，就等你啦! Everyone’s ready and waiting for you.262.我不想给人家添麻烦。 I don’t want to cause any trouble.263.天下没有白吃的午餐。 There’s no such thing as a free lunch.264.这个我恐怕帮不上忙。 I probably can’t help you with this.265.早就知道了，还用你说! I know. Save your breath!266.没想到会在这碰上你。 I didn’t think I’d see you here.267.把那句话给我收回去! Take it back!
268.我等你等得不耐烦了! I couldn’t wait any longer for you!269.就当我什么也没说过。 Just pretend I didn’t say anything.270.你也未免想太多了吧! You’re thinking too much.
271.你干嘛老是找我麻烦? Why do you always bother me?
my definition of success
today i am very glad to be here to share with you my ideas of success. what is success? it is what everyone is longing for.sometimes success would be rather simple. winning a game is success; getting a high grade in the exam is success; making a new friend is success; even now i am
standing here giving my speech is somehow also success.
however, as a person’s whole life is concerned, success becomes very
complicated. is fortune success? is fame success? is high social status success? no, i don’t think so. i believe success is the realization of people’
s hopes and ideals.nowadays, in the modern society there are many people
who are regarded as the successful. and the most obvious characteristics of hem are money, high position and luxurious life. so most people believe that s success and all that they do is for this purpose. but the problem is wether it is real success. we all know there are always more money, higher position and better condition in front of us. if we keep chasing them, where is the end? what will satisfy us at last? therefore, we can see, to get the real success we must need something inside, which is the realization of
people’ hopes and ideals.
different people have different ideas about success; cause people’s hopes and ideas vary from one another. but i am sure every success is dear to everybody, cause it is not easy to come by, cause in the process of our striving for success, we got both our body and soul tempted, meanwhile we are enlightened by the most valuable qualities of human beings: love, patient, courage and sense of responsibility. these are the best treasures. so now i am very proud that i have this opportunity to stand here speaking to all of you. it is my success, cause i raise up to challenge my hope.
what is success? everyone has his own interpretation as i do. but i am sure
every success leads to an ever-brighter future. so ladies and gentlemen, believe in our hopes, believe in ourselves, we, every one of us, can make a
successful life!
i have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed-we hold theses truths to be self-oevident, that all men are created equal. i have a dream that one day on the red hills of georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave owners will be able to sit together at the table of brotherhood. i have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. i have a dream today! when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and hamlet, from every state and city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of god’s children-black men and white men , jews and gentiles, catholics and protestants-will be able to join hands and to sing in the words of the old negro spiritual, “free at least ,free at last . thank god almighty, we are free at last.”
1-The Beatles-yesterday
披头士(甲壳虫乐队)，不用多说，好听，有意义。还有一首也非常好听。
http:// 不是上面那个杂志社的了，是乐队的。
3-Nirvana - Smells Like Teen Spirit 涅磐乐队。http://
15-John Lennon-Imagine
译国译民 超经典的英文广告词
Money is not everything. There‘s Mastercard & Visa. 钞票不是万能的，有时还需要信用卡. One should love animals. They are so tasty. 每个人都应该热爱动物，因为它们很好吃. Love the neighbor. But don‘t get caught. 要用心去爱你的邻居，不过不要让她的老公知道. Behind every successful man， there is a woman. And behind every unsuccessful man， there are two. 每个成功男人的背后都有一个女人，每个不成功男人的背后都有两个女人。 Every man should marry. After all， happiness is not the only thing in life. 再快乐的单身汉迟早也会结婚，幸福不是永久的嘛. The wise never marry， And when they marry they become otherwise. 聪明人都是未婚的，结婚的人很难再聪明起来. Success is a relative term. It brings so many relatives. 成功是一个相关名词，他会给你带来很多不相关的亲戚(联系). Never put off the work till tomorrow what you can put off today. 不要等明天交不上差再找借口， 今天就要找好. Love is photogenic. It needs darkness to develop. 爱情就象照片，需要大量的暗房时间来培养. Children in backseats cause accidents. Accidents in backseats cause children.
专心翻译 做到极致
译国译民 后排座位上的小孩会生出意外， 后排座位上的意外会生出小孩. “Your future depends on your dreams.” So go to sleep. “现在的梦想决定着你的将来”，所以还是再睡一会吧. There should be a better way to start a day than waking up every morning. 应该有更好的方式开始新一天，而不是千篇一律的在每个上午都醒来. “Hard work never kills anybody." But why take the risk? ” 努力工作不会导致死亡!不过我不会用自己去证明. “Work fascinates me.” I can look at it for hours! " 工作好有意思耶!尤其是看着别人工作. God made relatives;Thank God we can choose our friends. 神决定了谁是你的亲戚，幸运的是在选择朋友方面他给了你留了余地。 When two‘s company， three‘s the result! 两个人的状态是不稳定的，三个人才是!
A dress is like a barbed fence. It protects the premises without restricting the view. 服饰就象铁丝网，它阻止你冒然行动，但并不妨碍你尽情地观看. The more you learn， the more you know， The more you know， the more you forget. The more you forget， the less you know. So why bother to learn. 学的越多，知道的越多， 知道的越多;忘记的越多， 忘记的越多;知道的越少，为什么学来着?
专心翻译 做到极致
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