兵马俑英文导游词
The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses
Ladies and gentlemen, good morning, Today, we are going to visit the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. This museum is located at the foot of mountain Li Shan, about 35 kilometers east of Xi’an.First, I will give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army---the First Qin Emperor, Yingzheng. He came to the throne at the age of 13 and seized the power at the age of 22 . By 221BC, he had annexed all the six independent states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal empire in the long history of China. After the unification of the whole country, he styled himself the First Emperor and standardized the coinage, weights and measures, the legal codes, the written scripts and so on. He also ordered the linkage of the original Great Wall. All these exerted an everlasting influence on the long feudal history of China. But the First Qin Emperor was very ambitious. As soon as he came to the throne, he ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him. It took 37 years to complete this great project. Actually, the site of those terracotta warriors and horses we now see is just a small part of his mausoleum. Ok, everyone, now we are standing at the front gate of the Eighth Wonder of the world---the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. As one of the top ten places of historical interest in China, it was also listed as a world heritage site.So next, let’s go to uncover the veil of this miraculous work.
In March 1974,when several farmers were sinking a well about 1.5km east of the First Qin Emperor’s Maosolem, they came upon many fragments of the terracotta figures.The results of archaeological excavation showed that is two more pits were discovered respectively.They were then named pit1，pit2, and pit3 by the order of discovery.The new discovery stirred up a sensation all over the world.In order to provide the historical artifacts with adequate protection, a musem was set up on the site of Pit 1 in 1975 upon the approval of the state council.
Pit 1,covers an area of 16,300 square meters, is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. The terra cotta armies in pit 1 were arranged in battle formation. In the front of this formation, there are 210warriors in 3 lines facing forward. Armed with bows and arrows, they constitute the so-called vanguard. Meanwhile, there is one row of warriors on each of the borders of this pit, facing outward---they are the flanks and the rear guard. Holding long-distance shooting weapons, they took up the job of defending the whole army.Then, this way please. We may find ten partition walls
which divided this pit into 11 corridors. The warriors standing inside them with horse-drawn chariots represent the principal military force of this battle formation. According to the density, there are over 6000 terracotta warriors and horses, and most of them are infantrymen.
Ok, Here now we arrived at Pit 2. we can see that Pit 2 is still under cover, that’s because we want to preserve them. Pit 2 consists of 4 different mixed military forces in four arrays, they are infantrymen, cavalrymen, archers and charioteers .And pit 2 also include many chariots and horses. They can be divided to act independently, capable of attacking, and defending with a quick response. As you see, those worriors, their feet, legs, bodies, necks, hands and heads, all with different faces, were all made separately and joined together. we may find they are all vivid and true to life.And also as we can see, here are some actual weapons unearthed in those pits. The most attractive one is a bronze sword. Although it was buried over thousands of years, it is still very sharp. It can cat through 20 pieces of paper put together. Now we come to pit 3. Pit 3 covers an area of about 520 square meters. There are only 68 warriors and 4 clay horses. The warriors were arranged opposite to each other in two rows, and only one kind of weapon called “SHU” had been discovered. This kind of weapon has no blade, and is believed to be used by the guards of honor. We have found many animal bones in the north side, and it is supposed to be “Prayer Hall”, and “Commander’s office” is on the south side. This suggests pit 3 is the headquarters directing the whole underground army. Then we have arrived at the exhibition hall of Bronze Chariots and Horses. In 1980, two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were found. They broke into thousands of pieces when we found them and after 8 years’ careful restoration; they were rebuilt and open to the public. The first one was named “High Chariot” and the second one was called “Security Chariot”. They were the eariliest and most exquisitely and intricately made bronze valuables,and also the largest bronze wares discovered in the history of world archaeology.It provides extremlyvaluable material and data for the research of the metallurgical technique and technological modeling og the Qin Dynasty. So now we will finish our journey in the museum today, I believe that you must be very astonished at this world wonder.So it’s your time,you can work around and take some pictures. thank you for listening~
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei,
In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.
After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”
Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.
No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.
No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.
No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.
No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing
Emperor
Qin
Shihuang’s
strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.
The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty’s
metallurgical
technology
and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.
In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level
of
technology.
For
instance,
the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty. No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum
Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history. In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor. After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.” Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive. Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.
No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979. No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit. No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups. No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country. The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours. Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level. In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size. The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty. No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum
Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.
In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.
After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”
Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.
No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.
No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.
No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.
No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.
The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.
In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.
No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988. The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses
Ladies and gentlemen, good morning, Today, we are going to visit the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. This museum is located at the foot of mountain Li Shan, about 35 kilometers east of Xi’an.First, I will give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army---the First Qin Emperor, Yingzheng. He came to the throne at the age of 13 and seized the power at the age of 22 . By 221BC, he had annexed all the six independent states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal empire in the long history of China. After the unification of the whole country, he styled himself the First Emperor and standardized the coinage, weights and measures, the legal codes, the written scripts and so on. He also ordered the linkage of the original Great Wall. All these exerted an everlasting influence on the long feudal history of China. But the First Qin Emperor was very ambitious. As soon as he came to the throne, he ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him. It took 37 years to complete this great project. Actually, the site of those terracotta warriors and horses we now see is just a small part of his mausoleum. Ok, everyone, now we are standing at the front gate of the Eighth Wonder of the world---the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. As one of the top ten places of historical interest in China, it was also listed as a world heritage site.So next, let’s go to uncover the veil of this miraculous work. In March 1974,when several farmers were sinking a well about 1.5km east of the First Qin Emperor’s Maosolem, they came upon many fragments of the terracotta figures.The results of archaeological excavation showed that is two more pits were discovered respectively.They were then named pit1，pit2, and pit3 by the order of discovery.The new discovery stirred up a sensation all over the world.In order to provide the historical artifacts with adequate protection, a musem was set up on the site of Pit 1 in 1975 upon the approval of the state council. Pit 1,covers an area of 16,300 square meters, is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. The terra cotta armies in pit 1 were arranged in battle formation. In the front of this formation, there are 210warriors in 3 lines facing forward. Armed with bows and arrows, they constitute the so-called vanguard. Meanwhile, there is one row of warriors on each of the borders of this pit, facing outward---they are the flanks and the rear guard. Holding long-distance shooting weapons, they took up the job of defending the whole army.Then, this way please. We may find ten partition walls which divided this pit into 11 corridors. The warriors standing inside them with horse-drawn chariots represent the principal military force of this battle formation. According to the density, there are over 6000 terracotta warriors and horses, and most of them are infantrymen.
Ok, Here now we arrived at Pit 2. we can see that Pit 2 is still under cover, that’s because we want to preserve them. Pit 2 consists of 4 different mixed military forces in four arrays, they are infantrymen, cavalrymen, archers and charioteers .And pit 2 also include many chariots and horses. They can be divided to act independently, capable of attacking, and defending with a quick response. As you see, those worriors, their feet, legs, bodies, necks, hands and heads, all with different faces, were all made separately and joined together. we may find they are all vivid and true to life.And also as we can see, here are some actual weapons unearthed in those pits. The most attractive one is a bronze sword. Although it was buried over thousands of years, it is still very sharp. It can cat through 20 pieces of paper put together. Now we come to pit 3. Pit 3 covers an area of about 520 square meters. There are only 68 warriors and 4 clay horses. The warriors were arranged opposite to each other in two rows, and only one kind of weapon called “SHU” had been discovered. This kind of weapon has no blade, and is believed to be used by the guards of honor. We have found many animal bones in the north side, and it is supposed to be “Prayer Hall”, and “Commander’s office” is on the south side. This suggests pit 3 is the headquarters directing the whole underground army. Then we have arrived at the exhibition hall of Bronze Chariots and Horses. In 1980, two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were found. They broke into thousands of pieces when we found them and after 8 years’ careful restoration; they were rebuilt and open to the public. The first one was named “High Chariot” and the second one was called “Security Chariot”. They were the eariliest and most exquisitely and intricately made bronze valuables,and also the largest bronze wares discovered in the history of world archaeology.It provides extremlyvaluable material and data for the research of the metallurgical technique and technological modeling og the Qin Dynasty. So now we will finish our journey in the museum today, I believe that you must be very astonished at this world wonder.So it’s your time,you can work around and take some pictures. thank you for listening.
壮观美丽的兵马俑，是我们祖先留给我们的一份宝贵的财富，也是历史发展的一种见证。以下是小编为大家整理的秦始皇兵马俑导游词，希望帮得上大家。
兵马俑导游词(一)
尊敬的游客们：
欢迎大家来到西安，非常荣幸能为大家服务。今天我们要游览的景点是被称为"世界第八大奇迹"的秦兵马俑。曾参观过秦兵马俑的法国总统希拉克说过，不看金字塔，不算真正到埃及;不看秦俑，不算真正到。美国前副总统蒙代尔也说："秦兵马俑是真正的奇迹，全国人民也应该到这里看一看。"从这些话语中，我们不难看出秦兵马俑的历史文化价值。
首先给大家介绍的是，秦兵马俑的发现过程。还要感谢住在骊山脚下的杨村农民，1974年3月的一天，杨村农民杨新满等人在村西的空地上打水井，以解当时由于干旱而供水不足的困难。第一口井很快打好了，井水清澈，甚是喜人。可打第二口井时，打了很深却仍旧没有一滴水。有几个胆大的农民系着绳子下去查看，忽然从下面传来一阵惊呼声，人们赶紧把他们吊上来，只听他们说下面有身穿铠甲的大怪物等等。就这样，世界第八大奇迹被人们发现了。
我们现在所处的位置是在兵马俑一号坑上方的大厅内，在这里大家可以看到许多兵马俑。一行行，一列列，十分整齐。瞧!那是骑兵俑，他们身穿窄袖战袍外套，披挂齐腰短甲，脚蹬紧带兽皮鞋，头戴防风帽，左脚着地，单膝弓起，右腿跪地，别提有多威风呢!看!那是武士俑，他们相貌各异：有的沉稳刚毅，有的英勇果敢，有的慈祥含笑，可谓栩栩如生，神情各异。听说，这都是参照当时御林军里的将士们的真实样子制作的，要不然怎能如此精彩、逼真、惟妙惟肖呢!
接下来，请大家自由参观，相信你一定会为震惊世界的奇迹感慨不已! 兵马俑导游词(二)
大家好!我是你们的导游：韩导游。欢迎来到美丽的文昌公园。文昌公园是建设最早的公园之一。文昌公园是个娱乐、休闲健身的好地方。
走进大门，一眼就瞧见两个人工湖。湖底与许多鱼儿在欢快地游来游去。游船在湖面缓缓划过，湖面就漾起一层层波纹。你们猜一猜，湖水有多绿、有多清呢湖水清得可以看见湖底的石沙，绿得像一块碧玉。
绕过人工湖，你们会看见许多棵古树，有几十年的，甚至有几百年的。这些古树可茂密了，它们形态各异。有的枝干很多很长，枝上又生根，像老人的胡子;有的古树很高很大，像一把巨大的绿伞;还有的树，枝干连在一起，好像是要做一对好朋友似的......古树下面有一尊镀金的笑佛。这尊笑佛总是笑眯眯的，每天都笑迎八方来客。各位游客，你们看，笑佛的肚脐多大呀!还有不少人往里面捐钱呢!
再绕到右边，你们会发现有许多健身器材。有的老爷爷和老奶奶在才鹅卵石按摩脚底;有的叔叔在吊环，锻炼臂力;还有的阿姨在走跑步机......
再往后面走，就有一座供人们休息的八角宝塔形的纪念亭。这座纪念亭的名字叫郭母李太夫人、王夫人纪念亭。亭子的柱子和横槛上都刻着民国时期李宗仁、林森、于佑任等三十三为高级官员和名人的亲笔题字题词。是我国保留历史名人墨迹最多最完整的纪念亭之一。两旁还有两个小亭子。你们猜一猜，左边的亭子叫什么呢左边的亭子叫陈公岛沧纪念亭，那么右边的亭子又叫什么呢右边的亭子叫思师纪念亭。这些亭子供人们歇息聊天。
再往里边走，有一座约高10米的革命烈士纪念碑。瞻仰着这高大的纪念碑，我不由得想起抗日战争中壮烈牺牲的4562名烈士们。
好了，我的介绍到此结束。请游客们慢慢游赏，50分钟后我们将在门口集合。
兵马俑导游词(三)
游客们好，我就是你们的导游，可以叫我张导，今天我们要去参观的地方是西安的秦兵马俑，兵马俑可是享誉世界的珍贵历史文物。
小荷作文
兵马俑规模大。已经挖掘了三个俑坑，总面积大概有XX0平方米，差不多有50个篮球场那么大呢，坑内的兵马俑近八千个，兵马俑可真多啊!
在这三个俑坑中，一号俑可是最大的，东西长230米，南北宽62米，总面积约14260平方米，你们说大不大，坑里的兵马俑也是最多的，有六千多个呢。大家向上看，现在一号俑坑上面已经盖起了一座巨大的拱形大厅。进到大厅，大家向下望，坑里的兵马俑一行行、一列列，十分整齐，看!排成了一个巨大的长方形军阵。真不愧是秦始皇当年统的一支南征北战，所向披靡的大军。
兵马俑不仅规模宏大，而且类行众多，个性鲜明。
兵马俑有四种俑，将军俑、武士俑、骑兵俑和马俑，将军俑身材魁梧，头戴鹖冠、身披铠甲、昂首挺胸。
武士俑平均身高米。体格健壮它们身穿战袍，披挂铠甲，脚蹬前端的战靴，手持兵器，整装待发。
骑兵俑上身穿着短甲，下身穿紧口裤，足蹬长靴，右手执缰绳，左手持弓箭，好像随时上马冲杀。
陶马与真马一样大小，一匹匹形体健壮肌肉丰满。那跃跃欲试的样子，好像一声令下，就会撒开四蹄，腾空而起，踏上征程。
好了，现在可以自由参观了，不过注意不要乱扔垃圾，不要破坏文物，1小时后到这里集合，祝大家参观愉快!
介绍秦兵马俑的导游词【1】
大家好!我是你们这次游览的导游。大家可以叫我小诗。
秦兵马俑在西安的临潼出土，它举世无双，都是精美的艺术珍品。谁知道它的占地面积有多大呢?对，就是XX0平方米，大概有50个篮球场那么大，坑内有兵马俑近八千个。大家想不想知道他的来历呢?让我来告诉你们吧：以前有几个农民相约一起打水井，发现了有一些陶片，他们继续打井，发现那是一条通道。他们陆陆续续下去察看，就发现了‘秦兵马俑’。好!大家一起参观一下吧!
兵马俑不仅规模宏大，而且类型众多，个性鲜明。你们看，那些身材魁梧，头带鹤冠，身披铠甲，手握宝剑是什么俑?他就是将军俑。那神态自若的样子，一看就知道他们是久经沙场，重任在身的领军人物了!
大家跟我来。那些身高1。8米什么俑，体格健壮，体形匀称，身穿战袍，披挂铠甲，手持兵器的是什么俑?对，就是武士俑。
谁知道身着短甲，下穿紧口裤，左手握弓箭，右手执缰绳的又是什么俑?错了，是骑兵俑。你们看，每一个兵马俑都是极为精美的术珍品。仔细端详，他们神态各异，惟妙惟肖，走近他们身边，似乎还能感受到他们轻微的呼吸呢!
好了，还有很多精彩的东西，大家自由参观，自己欣赏吧。活动时间，请大家注意安全!
介绍秦兵马俑的导游词【2】
亲爱的游客：
你们好,我是导游xx，今天很高兴由我带领大家去参观秦兵马俑，希望大家不要乱扔果皮纸屑，谢谢大家。
秦兵马俑是世界上八大奇迹之一。兵马俑位于西安临潼出土，是享誉世界的珍贵历史文物。
兵马俑规模宏大，已发掘的三个俑坑总面积20000平凡米，坑内有兵马俑近八千个。在三个俑坑中，一号坑最大，东西长230米，南北宽62米，总面积14260平方米;坑里的兵马俑也最多，有六千多个，一号坑上面现在已经盖起了一座巨大的拱形大厅。坑里的兵马俑一行行，一列列。十分整齐，排成了一个巨大的长方形军阵，真像是秦始皇当年统帅的一支南征北战所向披靡的大军。兵马俑不仅规模宏大，而且类型众多个性鲜明。
你瞧，将军俑，武士俑，骑士俑，陶马，每个兵马俑都是极为精美的艺术品。仔细端详，神态各异：有的颔首低眉若有所思，好像在考虑如何相互配合，战胜敌人。有的目光炯炯，神态庄重，好像在暗下决心，誓为秦国统一天下作殊死拼搏。
秦兵马俑，在古今中外的雕刻史上是绝无仅有的，它惟妙惟肖地模拟军阵的排列，生动的再现了秦军雄兵百万，战车千乘的宏伟气势。
感谢大家来参观其兵马俑，希望大家下次再来，祝大家身体健康，工作顺利。
介绍秦兵马俑的导游词【3】
女士们，先生们，欢迎你们到兵马俑来游玩，但请你们在游玩的过程中不要乱扔垃圾.
秦兵马俑是秦始皇的陪葬坑，由一、二、三号坑组成的，今已建成博物馆，兵马俑分成将军俑、骑士俑、武士俑、陶马等……馆内还展出大型彩绘铜车马，被称为世界第八大奇迹的秦兵马俑展示了古长安往日的辉煌.
一号坑在三个俑坑中面积最大，坑里的兵马俑也最多，有六千多个.看!这就是将军俑，它身材魁梧头戴鹤冠，身上披着铠甲，手里还拿着宝剑，看它若有所思的样子，好像在考虑如何打败敌人.
那个兵马俑是武士俑，它身穿战袍，披挂铠甲，脚上还穿着前端向上翘的战靴，手里还拿着兵器，瞧它神气的样子，准能把敌人吓的屁滚尿流.
这个身披铠甲，骑在马上的青年，就是骑兵俑，它手持弓箭，好像在等将军一声令下，就去与敌人做殊死拼搏.
这个兵马俑是陶马，它的大小与真马差不多，个个形体健壮，肌肉丰满，看它跃跃欲试的样子，好像一声令下，就会撒开四蹄，腾空而起，踏上征程.
