人教版高一下册第4课《诗经两首》语文教案

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人教版高一下册第4课《诗经两首》语文教案(精选6篇)

人教版高一下册第4课《诗经两首》语文教案 篇1

教版

教学目标

1、学习《诗经》的有关常识。

2、了解《诗经》的现实主义创作传统。

3、《氓》的情节和主题。

4、通过以诗译诗来加深学生对诗歌的理解 重点难点

1、能够准确地诵读本诗,并注意诗歌的节奏和韵律。

2、以诗译诗时用词的准确,节奏是否恰当。

3、《氓》是一首叙事诗,理清诗歌的叙事情节是个重点。

课时安排:2课时 教学过程

一、简介《诗经》

《诗经》是我国是最早的一部诗歌总集。反映了公元前11世纪西周初年至公元前6世纪春秋中期的500年间的古代社会生活。原本只称《诗》,是儒家的经典之一。(儒家奉有“四书”“五经”,“四书”指《大学》《中庸》《论语》《孟子》;“五经”指《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《乐》《春秋》)成书于公元前6世纪的春秋时期,共305篇,所以又称“诗三百”。

《诗经》按其表现内容可分为“风”“雅”“颂”三部分。

“风”又称15国风,大都是民间的歌谣,它和屈原的《离骚》后人经常把它们并称为“风骚”,本用来指两大文学流派,后人多用来指文人如“迁客骚人”。但是再后来的许多文学作品中出现的“风骚”其意却大相径庭,如“惜秦皇汉武,略输文采,唐宗宋祖,稍逊风骚”“身量苗条,体格风骚”“卖弄风骚”等。

“雅”分大雅和小雅,是宫廷乐曲歌词。它是一种正统音乐。

“颂”分周颂、鲁颂、商颂,是宗庙祭祀的乐歌。

《诗经》表现手法来分可分为赋、比、兴三类。

赋,指铺陈排比,使诗歌显得整齐匀称,有气势。

比,即比喻,是《诗经》开创的修辞方法。

兴,即由此物引起他物。如《信天游》中的“羊群要有领头的羊,共产党是我们的领路人。”兴也是《诗经》首创的修辞形式。

二、简介《氓》

《卫风 氓》是一首叙事诗。作者顺着“恋爱—婚变—决绝”的情节叙事,通过写女主人公被遗弃的遭遇,塑造了一个勤劳、温柔、坚强的妇女形象,表现了古代妇女追求自由婚姻和幸福生活的强烈愿望。

《氓》在回忆中运用了对比的手法。前后恋爱、生活的对比,思想感情的对比,表现了女主人公的性格特点和性格变化。比兴手法的运用,激发了读者的联想,增强了意蕴,产生了形象鲜明、诗意盎然的艺术效果。

三、诵读诗歌,然后根据课后的注释来以诗译诗 诵读时要注意,《诗经》是典型的四言诗,它的节奏韵律非常明显,如“氓之|蚩蚩,抱布|贸丝。匪来|贸丝,来即|我谋”。

注意一些重点字词的注音和解释。

老师现示范,然后让学生以诗译诗。如“一个男子笑嘻嘻,抱着布匹来换丝。不是真的来换 1 丝,是来和我谈婚事”。

展示学生的作品,并进行点评。

四、情节和主题

《氓》是一首叙事诗。叙事诗有故事情节,在叙事中有抒情,议论。作者用第一人称“我来”叙事,采用回忆追述和对比手法,请一位同学说说故事情节。

全诗分六章,第章十句(十个分句,可分成五个复句)。

第一、二章追述恋爱生活。女主人公“送子涉淇”,又劝氓“无怒”;“既见复关,载笑载言”,是一个热情、温柔的姑娘。

第三五章追述婚后生活。第三章,以兴起,总述自己得出的生活经验:“于嗟女兮,无与士耽!”第四章,以兴起,概说“三岁食贫”,“士也罔极,二三其德”。

第六章表示“躬自悼矣”后的感受和决心:“反是不思,亦已焉哉!”

作者顺着“恋爱—婚变—决绝”的情节线索叙事。作者通过写女主人公被遗弃的遭遇,塑造了一个勤劳、温柔、坚强的妇女形象,表现了古代妇女追求自主婚姻和幸福生活的强烈愿望。下面是全诗叙事结构和感情基调:

[板书]

(情节)

恋爱

婚变

决绝

(章句)

第一、二章

第三、五章

第六章

(诗句)

秋以为期

无与士耽

亦已焉战

载笑载言

士贰其行

至于暴矣

(基调)

热情、幸福

怨恨、沉痛

清醒、刚烈

诵读全诗,要安排好抑扬顿挫的语气语调,反映情节发展的节奏,表现女主人公感情的基调。

五、鉴赏要点

1、回忆和对比

《氓》是女主人公在回忆中叙事、抒情的。在回忆中运用对比的手法。女主人公自身婚前婚后形成对比。婚前,“总角之宴,言笑晏晏”,“不见复关,泣涕涟涟。既见复关,载笑载言”,“我”纯真、热情。婚后,“夙兴夜寐,靡有朝矣,”“静言思之,躬自悼矣”,辛苦而又蒙受耻辱。更突出的思想上起了深刻的变化:“于嗟女兮,无与士耽!”“女之耽兮,不可说也”。前后恋爱、生活的对比,思想感情的对比,表现了女主人公的性格特点和性格变化。氓,婚前婚后也形成了对比。婚前,“氓之蚩蚩”,婚后,“女也不爽,士贰其行”,“言既遂矣,至于暴矣”,他“二三其德”,甚至凶暴起来。在恋爱、生活的对比中,女主人公还认识到了有恋爱婚姻生活中男女是不平等的,从痛苦的经历中等到了教训:“于嗟女兮,无与士耽!士之耽兮,尤可说也,女之耽兮,不可说也。”她悔恨多于哀伤,决绝而不留恋:“反是不思,亦已焉哉!”表现出她清醒、刚烈的性格特点。

2、《诗经》开创比、兴手法

《氓》中第三四章用了兴的手法。

第三章,前四句“桑之未落,其叶沃若。于嗟鸠兮,无食桑葚。”又桑叶鲜嫩,不要贪吃桑 2 葚。这与后面六句劝说“于嗟女兮,无与士耽”形成对照,诗意是相连的。

第四章,前四句“桑之落矣,其黄而陨”,叶由嫩绿变为枯黄,这与士“信誓旦旦”变为“士贰其行”相对照,含有隐喻。

第三四章起兴的诗句,用自然现象来对照女主人公恋爱生活的变化,由起兴的诗句引出表达感情生活的诗句,激发读者联想,增强意蕴,产生形象鲜明、诗意盎然的艺术效果。有人认为,用桑叶嫩绿而枯黄来比喻恋爱生活由幸福而至痛苦,这种兴兼有比的特点,更富有艺术魅力。

六、背诵本诗

语文教案-《诗经.卫风.氓》

人教版高一下册第4课《诗经两首》语文教案 篇2

教学目标

1、了解作者及有关背景,理解作者的情感;

2、品味诗句语言,体会诗作风格;

3、学习对诗歌的赏析评价。

4、背诵名句 教学步骤:

一、导入新课,了解作者

她以平民之身,思公卿之责,念国家大事;以女人之身,求人格平等,爱情之尊。无论对待政事、学业还是爱情、婚姻,她决不随波,决不凑合,这就难免有了超越时空的孤独和无法解脱的悲哀。她背着沉重的十字架,集国难、家难、婚难和学业之难于一身,凡封建专制制度所造成的政治、文化、道德、婚姻、人格方面的冲突、磨难都折射在她那如黄花般瘦弱的身子上。一如她的名字所昭示的,“明月松前照,清泉石上流”。

——梁衡《乱世中的美神》

这段文字写的是宋代婉约派女词人李清照,本节课我们就一起来学习探讨她的代表作《声声慢》,一起走进这位“乱世中的美神”。

整体感知

二、生活和创作

李清照(1084-约1151)南宋著名女词人。号易安居士,齐州章丘(今属山东)人。父亲李格非为当时著名学者,丈夫赵明诚为金石考据家。早期生活优裕,与丈夫共同致力于书画金石的搜集整理。靖康之变,北方沦陷,夫妇辗转下江南。后赵明诚病死,她过着悲苦孤独的晚年生活。所作词,前期多写闺怨离愁,后期多悲叹身世,情调感伤,有的也流露出对中原的怀念。形式上善用白描手法,自辟途径,语言清丽。作品散失很多。今有《漱玉词》 《李清照集校注》辑本传世。

(前期:美满幸福——闺怨相思离愁——情趣盎然 后期:颠沛流离——亡夫亡国之痛——哀怨凄凉)

三、自由诵读,理解诗句

寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。

(我不停地到处寻找,屋子里冷冷清清,内心一片凄凉、惨痛、悲戚。)乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。(气候时暖时冷,身体最难保养。)三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他、晚来风急!

(喝了几杯淡酒。又怎挡得住晚上突然到来的寒风。)雁过也,正伤心,却是旧时相识。

(大雁从空中飞过,看到它们就伤心,那是过去曾要托它们给丈夫传递书信的旧相识了。)

满地黄花堆积,憔悴损,如今有谁堪摘!

(院子里满是菊花,憔悴枯损,如今有什么可采摘的呢。)守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑!

(守在窗子边,孤孤独独的,怎么挨到天黑啊!)梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏、点点滴滴。

(天近黄昏,细雨打在梧桐叶上,滴滴哒哒。)这次

酒“。酒力显得那么大,让作者浓浓地睡了好长时间都没有消下去,这里的酒力之所以大,是因为作者此时没有什么切入肌骨的愁病,有的只是作为一个年青贵族女子的闲愁,闲愁不痛,所以才会有“浓睡不消残酒”之说。两相对比,一个“淡”字,表明作者晚年是何等的凄凉,心境是何等的凄苦。

2.风——怎敌他、晚来风急?

风急天高猿啸哀,渚清沙百鸟飞回。——杜甫《登高》

林花谢了春红,太匆匆,无奈朝来寒雨晚来风。——李煜《相见欢》 3.雁——雁过也,正伤心,却是旧时相识。

云中谁寄锦书来?雁字回时,月满西楼。——李清照《一剪梅》 无可奈何花落去,似曾相识雁归来。——晏殊《浣溪沙》 结论:常以雁抒写离愁或相思哀怨的感伤。4.黄花——满地黄花堆积。憔悴损,如今有谁堪摘。

莫道不消魂,帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦。——李清照《醉花阴》 结论:黄花比喻女子憔悴的容颜。

5.梧桐、雨——梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏点点滴滴。

梧桐树,三更雨,不道离情正苦;一叶叶,一声声,空阶滴到天明。——温庭筠《更漏子》

结论:梧桐代表凄清、冷落、愁苦。雨是哀伤﹑愁丝的象征。这次

为一个诗人,她又何其伟大。正所谓“国家不幸诗家幸,话到沧桑句便工”,苦难不停地擦试着李清照的艺术灵魂,这些经历像重物一样压在她生命的弹簧上,但它们不能压垮李清照,相反,苦难越重,艺术的灵魂飞得越高。怪不得一代文豪郭沫若这样评价李清照:

人教版高一下册第4课《诗经两首》语文教案 篇3

教学目标:

(1)知道明清时期加强君主专制的措施;内阁产生的背景、作用及实质;内阁、军机处的概念及其作用

(2)了解内阁制与宰相制度的不同

(3)知道中西君主制度发展的特点,培养学生初步形成在独立思考的基础上得出结论的能力(4)认识君主专制制度的加强对中国社会发展的影响 重点: 明清时期加强君主专制的措施

难点:明清加强君主专制对中国社会所产生的影响 课前自主学习

一、宰相制度的废除

1.背景:明初,沿袭元朝制度,设①——,由左右丞相统辖六部,管理全国②——事务;元朝相权过重,朱元璋认为这会妨碍皇权的集中,导致社会动荡。

2.废除:1380年,明太祖诛杀宰相③——,裁撤中书省和丞相,以六部分理全国政务,直接对④——负责。秦以来的宰相制度宣告废除,皇帝集皇权和相权于一身,君主专制进一步加强。

二、内阁的出现

1.背景:废丞相后,政务繁忙,明太祖深感力不从心。

2.过程:明太祖时,设①——:作为侍从顾问,帮助自己处理政务,但大学士鲜能参决政事;②——在位时,选拔翰林院官员作为殿阁大学士,随侍皇帝,开始参与机密事务的决策,“内阁’’由此出现;后来,内阁地位提高,阁臣取得了③——权;④——任首辅时,大权尽归内阁。

3.性质:始终不是法定的中央一级的行政和决策机构,只是供皇帝顾问的⑤——机构。其升降⑥——的大小、⑦——是否被采纳完全取决于皇帝。

三、军机处的设立

1.背景:清初,①——由内阁负责;军国机要,却由②——定夺;皇权受到很大限制。

2.康熙时:设③——,挑选翰林院学士人值,参与军机要务,替皇帝起草谕旨。中枢机构一分为三,它与内阁、④——三足鼎立,互相制约,最后集权于皇帝。

3.雍正时:为办理⑤——,设军机处,机构简单,钦定的军机大臣品级不高,每日接受皇帝召见,跪受笔录,军国大事全由⑥——裁决,军机大臣拟旨成文,由皇帝审批后,再传达给中央各部和地方官员去执行。

4.影响:不仅提高了⑦——,而且使军政大权集中于皇帝手中;君主专制制度发展到顶峰,中央集权得到进一步巩固;我国多民族大一统国家也得到巩固和发展。课堂合作探究

知识点

一、丞相制度的废除 情景激疑

明太祖首先在地方上就废除了行中书省,设立了三司这样就把地方的权力集中到了中央。当时统领中央各部的是谁呢?——宰相。将地方的权力集中到了中央之后,宰相的权力也随之扩大了,相权的扩大势必威胁到皇权的集中。对此,明太祖在中央有采取了什么措施呢?

1.原因

(1)明初沿袭元朝制度,在中央设置中书省,由中书省统辖六部,管理全国行政事务。明太祖认为,这种制度妨碍皇权高度集中,会导致社会动荡。(2)明初执掌宰相实权的丞相胡惟庸骄横跋扈,擅权专恣 2.概况 1380年,明太祖在诛杀胡惟庸的同时,下令废除中书省和丞相,以六部分理全国政务,直接对皇帝负责,并规定以后不许设立丞相。3.影响

秦以来的宰相制度被废除,皇帝集皇权与相权于一身,君主专制进一步加强,达到了新的高度。

典例剖析

【例1】明初中央“设五府、六部、都察院„„分理天下为大庶务,彼此颉颃(不相上下),不敢相压,事

第1页

朝廷总之,所以稳当,这一做法是为了:()

A缓和君臣矛盾

B.避免权力集中

C、提高工作效率

D.强化君主专制

【变式题1】在某校一次公开课教学中,有这样一道题,谈你对古代中国政治制度的认识。某学生答要点如下,您认为表述不准确的是:()

A、分封制与宗法制互为表里,宗法制在政治制度方面体 现就是分封制 B、春秋时期,分封制瓦解,出现了“礼崩乐坏“的局面

C、唐朝统治者运用中央机构的权力制衡来维护自己的专制统治

D.内阁的设置实质上恢复了丞相的职权,是明清时期凋君主专制的重要内容 知识点二 内阁的创立 情景激疑 1380年,明太祖借胡惟庸案废除了宰相。宰相制度正式废除,明太祖废除宰相制度,其用意在于一劳永逸地解决君相矛盾一来,所有的国家大事都要由明太祖一个人来处理,而这些都是军国大事,不可以有任何疏忽。还有谁能帮助皇帝日理万机呢?这种情况之下,便产生了内阁。1.创立与发展的基本过程

(1)明太祖废除丞相后,由于政务繁多,他设置了殿阁大学士作为侍从问,帮助他处理繁多的政务。但他们很少能参决政事,一切大事由明太祖亲自主持。

(2)明成祖时,选拔翰林院大学士人值文渊阁,参与机密事务的决策,成员多至五或七人,内阁制度正式确立。

(3)明宣宗时,开始将部分奏章交到内阁,由阁臣替皇帝拟出处理意见,用小票墨笔书写,贴在各个奏章上面,称为“票拟”。然后呈给皇帝审定,再由太监用朱笔抄出,交付施行,称为“批红”。至明英宗,票拟制度化,成为阁臣的一项专职。内阁地位日益提高,大学士有了替皇帝批答大臣奏章的票拟权,首辅更是权压众臣。

(4)首辅张居正当权时,六部几乎成了内阁的下属机构。2.评价

(1)明朝内阁始终不是法定的中央一级的行政机构或决策机构而是为呈帝提供顾问的内侍机构。(2)内阁是君主专制强化的产物,不可能对皇权起到制约。典例部析 1572年,登居正出任内阁首辅。依仗皇太后的宠信侵夺各部职权,六部皆俯首听命。针对明中后期政治腐败、府库空虚,土地兼并严重、农民纷纷起来反抗的状况,、裁减开支、清丈土地、改革税制。张居正辅政十年,国家财政收入增加,社会矛盾相对缓和。但他的改革也引起明神宗的不满。他死后被抄家,削夺官葫。„(1)从上述材料中,你获得了哪些重要历史信息?或可以得出哪些结论?(2)有人认为张居正就是宰相,这种看法对吗?为什么? 变式题

2、<<明史》载:“(内阁)地居近密,而纶言批答,裁决机宜:悉由票拟,阁权之重,偃然汉、唐宰辅,特不居丞相名耳!”这句话指的是()A明朝的内阁就是丞相 B明朝宰相虽无其名却有其实

C明朝内阁承担了宰相的职能 D.明朝的宰相帮助皇帝处理政事 知识点三 情景激疑

你看过《雍正王朝》这部电视剧吗?要是看过的话,一定对雍正设立的军机处有所了解。里面提到雍正七年,因用兵西北:但是内阁距离内廷又太远,不方便及时处理军机大事,于是,雍正就在隆宗门设立“军需房”,后来正式改名为“办理军机处”,简称“军机处”。1.议政王大臣会议(1)努尔哈赤建立后金政权后,按照部落贵族共同议事的传统,令八旗旗主“共治国事“。皇太极继位后,为削弱旗主的权力,又增加参与议政的人数。皇太极改国号为清后,将原来的旗主贝勒全部封王,议政会议即称为“议政王大臣会议”。

(2)皇太极还仿照明朝制度,设内阁,置六部。奏章票拟,由内阁负责;军国机要,由议政王大臣会议定夺。议政王大臣的权力凌驾于内阁、六部之上。议政王大臣会议决定的事,连皇帝也难以更改。皇权

第2页

受到很大限制。2.南书房的设立

康熙亲政后,为扩大皇权,在宫内设南书房,挑选翰林院学士入值。当值的翰林院学士,名义上是陪同皇帝读写字、赋诗作画,实际上是参与机务,替皇帝起草谕旨。中枢机构一分为三:内阁、议政王大臣会议与南书房三足鼎立,互相制约,最后集权于皇帝。3.军机处的设置

(1)概况:雍正帝在宫内设置军机处,由皇帝挑选亲信的满汉官员充任军机大臣,皇帝每日召见他们,商议军国大事。军机大臣拟写成文,经皇帝审批后,再传达给中央各部和地方官员去执行。(2)影响:军机处的设置,使全国的军政大权完全集中到皇帝手中,君主专制发展到顶峰。

【例3】军机处的设置,加强了皇权,其表现是()① 皇帝可以直接指挥中央各部门②皇帝可以直接指挥地方大臣 ③皇帝可以自行裁决军国大事④皇帝可以避免决策失误 A①②③④ B.①②③ C①③ D.①③④

巩固练习

1中国历史上延续1600多年的宰相制度被废除是在„„„„„„„„„„„„()A.明太祖时 B.明成祖时 C.明宣宗时 D.皇太极时

2‘明成祖统治时期,殿阁大学士的职责包括„„„„„„()①参与军国大事的讨论②备皇帝顾问 ③直接统辖六部 ④起草对大臣奏章的批复意见 A.①②③ B.①③④ C.②③④ D.①②④

3、明太祖废行省、设三司的作用是„„„„„()①加强了中央对地方的控制 ②加强了君主的专制权力 ③分散了地方的权力 ④扩大了各藩王的权力 A.①②③ B.①②④ c.①③④ D.②③④

4、我国古代的内阁议政决策制度形成于„„„()

A.唐朝时期

B.宋朝时期

C.元朝时期

D.明朝时期

5、下列有关明朝内阁制度的表述,不正确的是„()

A.内阁制度的确立是在明太祖时B.明宣宗授予内阁大学士票拟权

C.不可能对皇权起到制约的作用D.不是法定的行政机构或决策机构

6、清朝君主专制权力的极端强化基本上完成于()

A.皇太极时

B.康熙帝时 C.雍正帝时

D.乾隆帝时

7、宰相制度最终被废除反映的实质问题是„„()A.专制皇权不断加强 B.封建民主不断发展 C.丞相权力不断分散 D.中央对地方的控制加强

8、清朝制度规定,军机处对皇帝当日所下谕旨和当日所 收公文,均要在当日处理完毕。由此可见,军机处的设置„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„()A.提高了清王朝的行政效率 B.加强了中央对地方的控制 C.使军机大臣地位提高,有决策权 D.加强了专制皇权

9、有位学者指出:“中国传统政治中,君权和相权的关系,是一部不断摩擦、不断调整的历史。”下列有关历代宰 相制度演变的说法,不正确的是„„„„„„()A.汉武帝为削弱丞相的职权,任用亲信朝臣,在内廷 处理国政 B.唐代三省的长官都是宰相

C.宋代设置参知政事为副相,分割宰相的财权

第3页

D.明朝初年曾设置左右丞相统管六部,管理全国行政事务

10、明太祖设置殿阁大学士,作为其侍从顾问;康熙帝设南 书房(后来发展为军机处),挑选翰林院学士任职。从中可以看出„„„„„„„„„„„„„„()A.明清饱学之士享有政治特权 B.明太祖和康熙帝处于危机境地 C.明清皇帝推行重视文人的政策 D.两者都是强化专制皇权的产物

11、阅读下列材料;

材料一(唐太宗)以天下之广、四海之众,千端万绪,须合变通,皆委百司商量、宰相筹划,于事稳便,方可行。岂得以一日万机,独断一人之虑也。且、日断十事,五条不中,中者信善;其如不中者何?以日继月,乃至累年,乖谬既多,不亡何待!

——《贞观政要·论政体》 材料二(明太祖)日:“自秦始置丞相,不旋踵而亡。汉唐宋因之,虽有贤相,然其闯所用者,多有小人,专权乱政。今我朝罢丞相,设五府(五军都督府)、六部、都察院、通政司、大理寺等衙门,分理天下庶务,彼此颉颃,不敢相压。事皆朝廷总之,所以稳当。以后子孙做皇帝时,并不许立丞相,臣下敢有奏请设立者,文武群臣即时劾奏,将犯人凌迟,全家处死。’’

—《皇明祖训·祖训首章》

请完成:

(1)据材料一、二,唐太宗与明太祖对丞相的看法有什 么不同?(2)据材料一、二,唐太宗认为“稳便”的方法是什么?明太祖认为“稳当"的方法又是什么?(3)你如何评价唐明两朝相权的存废与君权的关系?

人教版高一下册第4课《诗经两首》语文教案 篇4

教学目的1、认识“古”、“诗”等13个字,会写“古”、“声”等6个字。

2、正确、流利地朗读古诗,背诵古诗。

教学重点

认识13个生字,会写6个字;正确朗读背诵两首古诗。

教学难点

认识生字“醉”和书写“声、处”。

教学方法

以读代讲、读中感悟。

教学用具

课文插图,媒体资源:动画《春晓》。

教学时间

二课时

教学过程

第一课时

一、谈话导入

1、学了前面几篇课文,你觉得春天是怎样的?(指名说)

2、古代的人也喜欢春天,他们写了好多好多的诗篇来歌颂春天、赞美春天。今天我们将学习两首描写春天的古诗。

3、板书课题,学生认读生字“古”、“诗”、“首”。

4、下面我们学习第一首古诗,谁能读准?(板书:春晓,指导读准“春”的读音。)

二、初读感知

1、老师范读(也可利用动画资源《春晓》中的范读部分辅助教学)。

2、学生自由读,要求读准字音,读通诗句。

3、分小组互相检查生字的读音,互相纠正读错的字音。

4、谁勇敢的站起来读给大家听一听?(多请几位学生读)

三、再读感悟

1、出示课文插图。

你看到了什么?(指名说)诗中哪里说了鸟?读给大家听。(处处闻啼鸟)同学们,瞧,(引导学生看图,想象鸟飞鸟叫的景象。)你想说些什么?(要求学生用自己的话说)

哪里讲了花?(花落知多少)(引导学生回忆自己见到过的花落的过程。)

学到这里,老师有一个疑问:花怎么顽皮地落到地上去了?请同学们读读整首诗,用一句诗来告诉我。(夜来风雨声)哦,我明白了,是夜晚风吹雨打的原因。

2、这么美的画面,大家一定很喜欢吧!那应该怎样读这首诗呢?

3、指导朗读。

4、以各种方式练习读。

四、读诗想画面,指导背诵

1、把眼睛闭上,听老师读古诗,你的眼前浮现出什么?(分小组说,指名说。)

2、指导背诵。

五、扩展活动

拿出你们手中七彩的画笔,画出美丽的春天吧!

第二课时

一、猜谜激趣导入

1、同学们,今天老师给大家带了一则谜语,请听:

一只蝴蝶轻轻飘,顺着风儿上九宵。

一心向着云外飘,可惜绳子栓着腰。

2、这是指什么?(指名说)

2、大家经常放风筝吗?觉得有趣吗?(指名说)

二、揭示课题

1、出示课文插图:

瞧,图上的几个小伙伴正玩得带劲呢!

2、诗人高鼎他们写进了一首诗中,大家想读读吗?(板书课题,指导读准平舌音“村”。)

三、初读感知

1、播放动画《村居》,2、自由读古诗,借助拼音读准字音。

3、同桌互相检查生字的读音,互相纠正读错的生字。

4、指名读,齐读。

四、图文对照,读中感悟

1、看图,几个小伙伴在干什么?大家看诗中是怎么写的?(指名回答:儿童散学归来早,忙趁东风放纸鸢。)

2、全班齐读。

3、看看图中的景物怎样?(指名用自己的话说)

4、诗中是怎样写的?(引出:草长莺飞二月天,拂堤杨柳醉春烟。)

5、小伙伴们在这么美的风景下放风筝,构成了一幅美丽的画面,诗人写成了一首富有意境的诗。我们一起来读一读吧!

五、读诗想画面,指导背诵

1、师配乐朗读,学生闭上眼睛听,再说说刚才仿佛看见了什么。

2、看图背诵,全班齐背。

六、扩展活动

开展放风筝活动。

七、作业设计

1、说一说你放风筝的过程。

2、写字练习。

人教版高一下册第4课《诗经两首》语文教案 篇5

教学目标

1、通过反复朗读,感知作品内容和思想感情;

2、鉴赏意象,掌握婉约派的特点;

3、掌握写景抒情、情景交融和虚实结合的写法;

4、培养学生的诗歌兴趣和文学素养。教学重点

1、感知作品内容,把握词的抒情基调。

2、理解古典诗歌传统意象在作品中传情达意的效果,积累古人用来描写离情别绪的诗歌意象。

3、体会宋词婉约的风格。

4、掌握本词景中含情、情景交融、虚实结合的艺术特色。教学思路

1、朗读听读,整体感知

2、鉴赏意象,体会感情

3、掌握写景抒情、情景交融和虚实结合的写法 主要教学方法

美读法 讨论法 问答法 诵读法 教学过程

一、导入

一、导入

人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺。千百年来,别离之情不知拨动了多少人的心弦。今天让我们轻轻叩开古典诗词的门扉,来聆听一曲凄婉缠绵的离别之歌《雨霖铃》。

二、了解词人

通过预习,大家对柳永已经不再感到陌生,下面请一位同学把词人的情况给大家介绍一下。(课前布置学生预习,查找关于作者的资料。课堂上让学生来介绍作者。同学之间可互相补充。)柳永,原名三变,字耆卿。仁宗景祐元年进士,官至屯田员外郎,世称柳屯田。他通晓乐律,是北宋第一个专力写词的作家,是以描写城市风貌见长的婉约派代表词人。

柳永创造了慢词即长调,对北宋词的发展有重要的贡献和影响,对后来的说唱文学和戏曲也有很大影响。柳词在宋元时期流传最广,相传当时“凡有井水饮处,即能歌柳词”。

柳永才情卓著,但一生仕途坎坷不济,更多的时日跟歌妓们一起过着依红偎翠、浅酌低唱的生活。他深深了解这些歌妓们的生活,深切同情她们的不幸遭遇。在他的作品中,很多是反映和她们在一起的悲欢离合。《雨霖铃》便是其中为世人所传诵的一首,被称为“宋金十大曲之一”。

三、初读感知

1、听读课文(听录音或老师范读)要求:听准字音,把握节奏,体会感情。听完后教师强调字音。

骤雨(zhòu)凝噎(yē)暮霭(ǎi)那堪(nǎ kān)

2、生自由朗读

要求:体会感情基调,并勾画出自己不懂的语句。

明确:感情基调是凄清、缠绵。学生提出疑问,生生或师生互动解决疑难问题。

3、有感情朗读

找一位同学有感情朗读,请同学点评朗读情况,指出不足的地方请点评的同学再读。教师作适当的朗读指导。

寒蝉凄切——要拖音(“切”字为韵脚,韵脚一般要读得鲜明;尾音读长更能读出词的凄切情感)竟无语凝噎——要稍重、稍停,并读出哽咽之声、冷涩之感(人物情感的高潮); 念去去--------要稍重、稍停,拖音(领起字);

今宵酒醒何处?杨柳岸晓风残月——“何处”要读出疑问语气,“杨柳岸晓风残月”应一景一顿,声断气不断。

更那堪冷落清秋节——要稍重、稍停,拖音(领起字)便纵有千种风情,更与何人说—要稍重、稍停,拖音(领起字)(学生读出的地方要予以肯定,没有读出的地方教师加以补充)再请学生试读。然后全班齐读

四、整体感知

1、找出这首词的主旨句 明确:多情自古伤离别

由此可知这首词的内容是:在一个萧瑟的秋天里,词人要远行与恋人告别。(学生说出答案)

2、全词围绕着“伤离别”来构思,请你说一下上下阕各写了什么内容? 上阕:长亭别离 下阕:别后愁思

五、品位语言,体会感情

1、请同学们读上阕,选出你认为最能体现词人离情的句子进行赏析。(学生自主发言,尊重学生的独特感受,只要言之成理,就要予以肯定)参考: “寒蝉凄切,对长亭晚,骤雨初歇”

一阵骤雨过后,景色特别鲜明刺眼,周围都是凄切的蝉声,又正是暮色苍茫时分,对着这送别的长亭,这是多么动人愁思的境界啊。这句词表面写景,实际是在写情,酿造了一种足以触动离情别绪的气氛给人一种无可奈何的感受,打下全词情感的基础,以凄清的景色揭开了离别的序曲。长亭,古代大道上每五里设一短亭,十里设一长亭,供行人休息,所以,长亭已经被当作离别地点的通称。

“都门帐饮无绪,留恋处,兰舟催发。”

“都门帐饮”,语出江淹《别赋》:“帐饮东都,送客金谷”。他的恋人在都门外长亭摆下酒筵给他送别,然而面对美酒佳肴,词人毫无兴致。可见他的思绪正专注于恋人,所以词中接下去说:“留恋处,兰舟催发”。这七个字完全是写实,然却以精炼之笔刻画了典型环境与典型心理:一边是留恋情浓,一边是兰舟催发,这样的矛盾冲突何其尖锐,写出了不忍别离却又不得不别的无奈。

“执手相看泪眼,竟无语凝噎。”

进一步刻画两人难舍难分的形象。在这时候,真是纵有千言万语也给喉咙噎住说不出口了。“相顾无言,惟有泪千行”,“别有幽愁暗恨生,此时无声胜有声”。这一形象的刻画,看似很简单,实则是情感的集中表现,是很真挚动人的。这句要读得“哽咽”欲哭,欲言又止。

“念去去,千里烟波,暮霭沉沉楚天阔”

烟波浩淼的江面上的粼粼水波与词人心头长时间难以排解的惆怅相似,傍晚云雾浓重的特点与词人心情的沉重压抑相似,楚地天空的空阔辽远与愁绪的无边无际相似。词人用比喻的修辞手法选取三种具有代表性的景物充分地表现了离别的愁绪:如千里烟波般的绵长,如沉沉暮霭般的浓重,如楚地天空一样无边无际。

教师总结上阕:“相见时难别亦难”,在词人的笔下,一景一物无不饱含着离别的无奈与伤感,由此我们可以看出这首词运用了什么样的表现手法?(学生答出:情景交融)“一切景语皆情语”,柳永以清秋之萧瑟,写离别之凄恻,即景抒情,融情入景,达到了情景交融天衣无缝的境界。

让我们把上阕齐读一遍,再来感受一下词人的离别之难。全班同学齐读上阕

2、离别之时已是如此缠绵依恋,柔肠寸断,那离别之后词人又会有怎样的感受呢?请同学们读下阕找出最能打动你的句子进行赏析。

(学生进行个性化理解自主发言,教师适时点拨)“多情自古伤离别,更那堪冷落清秋节”

下片换头写情,叹息古往今来离情之可悲。“伤别离”点名这首词的主旨。“更那堪冷落清秋节”一句,又推进一层,更何况我正在这冷落凄凉的秋季,多么难以忍受!以“更那堪”衬托自己的离情比古人更深。

“今宵酒醒何处?杨柳岸、晓风残月。”

“今宵酒醒何处?杨柳岸晓风残月。”这是写酒醒后的心境,也是他飘泊江湖的感受。这两句妙就妙在,用景写情,真正做到“景语即情语”。“柳”、“留”谐音,写难留的离情;晓风凄冷,写别后的寒心;残月破碎,写今后难圆之意。这几句景语,将离人凄楚惆怅、孤独忧伤的感情,表现得十分充分、真切,创造出一种特有的意境。难怪它为人称道,成为光耀词史的名句。

“此去经年,应是良辰好景虚设。便纵有千种风情,更与何人说?”

一、这四句更深一层推想离别以后惨不成欢的境况。今后漫长的孤独日子怎么挨得过呢?纵有良辰好景,也等于虚设,因为再没有心爱的人与自己共赏;再退一步,即便对着美景,能产生一些感受,但又能向谁去诉说呢?总之,一切都提不起兴致了,这几句把词人的思念之情、伤感之意刻划到了细致入微、至尽至极的地步,也传达出彼此关切的心情。用问句结尾余恨无穷余味不尽。

师总结:下阕写的是别后愁思,这是实写还是虚写?(生答:虚写)由此我们得出,这首词另一个突出表现手法就是(生答:虚实相济)词人将眼前之景与未知之景相融,因情设景,如此这般才有了这份凄楚缠绵。

小结:“黯然销魂者唯别而已矣”柳永的这首《雨霖铃》更是道出了这种黯然销魂的情感,情到深处,委婉曲折而断人心肠,这也许就是柳词经久不衰,传诵至今的原因吧。

六、重难点解析

1.将 “千里烟波”改为“千里波涛”好不好?为什么?

【点拨】不好。千里,指出遥远;烟波,指出迷茫。正符合此时心态,前途渺茫。渗透了作者前途黯淡、归期渺茫、命运难测的身世之感。将不忍分离之情强化。因此,不能改为“千里波涛”。

2.词人在短短几句词中写出了寒蝉、长亭、杨柳、晓风、残月,这些景物哪些是实写?哪些是虚写? 【点拨】上片的寒蝉、长亭等都是看得见摸得着的眼前之景,所以为实写;下片的杨柳、晓风、残月是作者想象中的景物,所以为虚写。

3.“多情自古伤离别,更那堪冷落清秋节”一句的抒情方式与前面有何不同?

【点拨】此处为直接抒情,又引入景物,激发情感,达到完美的情景交融效果。上片的抒情铺垫,既不落痕迹地转入下片,又使情感提升。

4.柳永在词中写了很多景物,他为什么要写这些景物?有何作用?表达了怎样的情感?

【点拨】词人柳永非常善用白描,寥寥几笔便勾勒出画一般的景象,柳永把眼前之景、内心之情写 得无一不真切动人。写景是为了抒情,而情又要通过景来体现。正所谓“一切景语皆情语”,柳永通过虚实相济,达到了情中见景、景中见情、情景交融的艺术境界,表达了离别时的哀愁。

5.有人说《雨霖铃》“处处尽显离情”,请结合全词简要分析。

【点拨】全词以“离情”为线索来贯穿全篇。①以时间而论,先点出“秋天”,后点出“傍晚”,再想到“今宵”,又遥想到“经年”,不管时间怎样变化,处处都是只写“离情”。

②以空间而论,从送别都门的“长亭”,到暮霭沉沉的“江上”,到“晓风残月”的远方,空间转换,仍然不离写“别情”,从而使全篇如行云流水,自然流畅,主题突出。

七、写作特色(1)融情入景的手法

本词善于用情景交融的手法,把离情别绪通过景物描写表现出来,使主观思想感情与客观形象和谐统一,意与境结合,创造出完美的意境,有很强的艺术感染力。

(2)善于运用点染与转折

一是善于点染。点染本是中国传统画法之一,柳永词在铺叙时亦多用此法,把某种情绪、景致渲染得淋漓尽致,本篇即是一个范例。

二是善于转折。如上片“都门帐饮无绪”写情绪不佳,“留恋处”与“兰舟催发”写即将作别,是一转折,主客观的矛盾冲突借此表现;“执手相看泪眼”两句写分别情状,“念去去”两句突然由眼前引向未来,由现实转向虚拟,又是—转折,把离情别绪与对前程的担忧熔为一炉,使别情达到高潮。

人教版高一下册第4课《诗经两首》语文教案 篇6

Type of lesson: Warming up & listening

Teaching aims: 1.Talk about cultural relics, their importance and ways to protect them.

2.To improve the ability of listening.

Teaching aids:Tape recorder, paper sheet, projector

Teaching procedures:

Step I. Warming up.

Task 1:Team work on the topic “cultural relics”.

Q1:What does the topic mean? Have you got any ideas of cultural relics?

Q2:Are there any cultural relics in Beijing? Name some.

Task 2:Talk about the given cultural relics.

Q1:What are they? Where are they?

Q2:Which one would you like to visit? Why?

I would like to visit _________ because ____________.

I think it’s famous for __________________________.

Q3:What do you think of the cultural relics ? What can we do to protect them? Let’s listen to a passage and see what are mentioned in it.

Step II. Listening.

1. Ask the students to read the chart on P43 before listening and find out what they are asked to fill in the chart.

2. Listen to the passage for the first time and then ask the Ss to tell the names of the sites orally.

3. Listen to the passage for two or three times and try to say something about the importance of each place.(Check in pairs and then in class)

1) _______,there is a statue of a horse._______, there is a large stone elephant.The main building is _______.This site is important because it tells us about what kind of buildings people had in the past.

A. On the left B .in the centre C. On the right

2) This beautiful temple stands between a lake and a mountain. The temple is an important part of our history; many important things happened here, and many poems have been written about the temple.

3) People come to Mt. Lu Shan to look at the beautiful mountains and waterfalls .Over there, between Red Sun Mountain and the lake is the Blue Waterfall ,one of the biggest in the area. Between the lake and the village is the Moon Tower. The mountain is an important part of China’s history and important people have been here.

4. Listen to the passage for another two times and try to find out the measures people take to protect the places.

(Do the matching exercise)

Protect the palace build a museum

walk around the house

Protect the temple limit the number of cars

build a wall

Protect the mountain move some to the museum

try to use buses

5. Ask the Ss to read the pictures on P44 and the instructions, too. And then listen to the passage again to complete the exercise.

6. Discuss the answers in pairs and then check them in class.

Step III. Ask the Ss to do talking exercise on P121 in a group of five. And two or three groups will present their decision in the next class. The other groups have to write down their decision.

( 教师应给每组评分。小组之间互评,每组每个人有口语成绩的一并积累。)

Speaking:

Type of lesson: Speaking

Teaching aims:1.To learn how to ask for and make suggestions.

2.To help the Ss make dialogues in proper situations.

3. To encourage the Ss to discuss in groups and develop their imagination and creativity.

Key point: To help them use the functional sentences correctly in proper situations.

Teaching aids: Tape recorder, pictures and some real objects.

Teaching procedures:

Step I. Ask the Ss to read the instructions.

Step II. Help the Ss understand the instructions.

. 1.Q1:What kind of box is the culture capsure? (about 2*2 metres / an imaginary large box)

Q2:Shall I put in a cat?(No, you can’t put any living things in the capsure.)

(No, the object you’ve chosen should represent Chinese culture.)

Q3:Shall I put a bowl?(Yes, but it should have some cultural value, For example,it was made in Qing Dynasty.)

2.Ss discuss in groups and fill in the form.

What do you want to put in? Why?

3..Ask the Ss to make up their own dialogue by using the functional sentences.

Step III. Ask the Ss to sum up some useful expressions.

Asking for suggestions:

1)What shall I do …?

2)Can’t we do …?

3)Should we do …?

Making suggestions:

1)What/How about…?

2)Why not…?

3)Why don’t you…?

4)I think you’d better do… .

5)I suggest you (should) do … .

6)Let’s do … .

7)I’d like to do… .

8)Maybe we could do … .

Step IV. Ask the Ss to present pairwork on the culture capsure.(Act out their dialogues).

Step V. Ask the Ss to make up a new dialogue with the useful expressions above in a group of four.

Situation:

You are going to hold an evening party. You haven’t decided the place, the time and the guests you’re going to invited. Now, you are talking about the party with your family.

Step VI. Ss present their decision.

Step VII. Homework .

Write down the dialogues they have made up.

Reading:

Type of lesson: Reading

Teaching aims:1.To help the students to have a good understanding of the text

2.To train the students’ reading ability

3.To solve their difficulties by reading, discussing and doing exercises

Teaching procedures:

Step I. Lead in.

1. Ask the Ss to say something about the standard of Great cities.

T: There are many great cities in the world. In your opinion, what makes a city great? Let’s take Beijing as an example.(见课件)

1) a long history

2) the capital of the country

3) a large population

4) Something important once took place there.

5) many places of interests

6) …….

2. Show the pictures of famous rivers in the world and introduce St.Petersburg.

T: Water is important for human beings ,here is a proverb saying,” Where there is a river, there is a city.” Maybe it’s not always true. But it’s true that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.

Now,I want to show some pictures of famous rivers in the world. And all of them flow through famous cities in the world.

1) The Yangzi River ------Nanjing

2) The Thames River ----- London

3) The Newa River----- St.Petersburg

1) The Yangzi River

2)The Thames River

3) The Newa River

T : Do you know the city of St.Petersburg? It’s the second largest city in Russia. And it’s 300 anniversaries of this city this year. The same as Beijing, St.Petersburg experiences many famous events in history. Until now St. Petersburg , as one of the oldest and the most well-known cities in the world, still keep making legends .So today let’s learn about this city,” A City of Heroes”, St. Petersburg.

Step II. Help the Ss to understand the passage.

1. Ask the Ss to read the title and find out what the passage is about.

The text must be about a city which has many heroes.

2. Do fast reading to find out the answers to the following three questions.

Q1:Which city will the text talk about?

Q2:Who are heroes?

Q3:Who is the man on the bronze horse?

3. Ask the Ss to read the text aloud with the tape, and then finish True or False Statements. (WB P68)

4.Help the Ss to deal with the difficult points.

1) Match the words on the left with their meaning on the right.

cave make something as good as it was before

project to build again; construct anew

ruin artist; person who paints pictures

ancient very old; from a long time ago

.portrait break or harm something

damage a picture that you take with a camera

rebuild a painting or picture of a person

restore a big plan to do something

painter a building that has been deadly damaged

photograph a large hole in the side of a mountain or under the ground

2) Help the Ss to understand the following sentences.

a. Pieces of the palaces that had been hidden before the Germans came could be used to rebuild the city and its culture.

b. With the help of old paintings and photographs, the people of St.Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their culture and history.

c. The palaces are large and beautiful, and they often look like something out of a fairy tale.

4. Ask the Ss to summarize each paragragh with one or two words.

St.Petersburg

Para 1: the building of the city

Para 2: the decline of the city

Para 3: the rebuilding of the city

Para 4: the present situation of the city

5. Ask the Ss to have a discussion on the chart in a group of four, and then ask some of them to fill in the chart.

Work sheet:

the building of the city

position

creator

personality of Peter the Great

the decline of the city (important historical events)

time

how long

intruder

the results of the Nazis’failure

the rebuilding of the city

materials

difficulties

the result of hard work

the present situation of the city

the modern heroes of Russia

the character of people of St.Petersburg

Step III. Ask the Ss to do post-reading exercises.

1.Discuss the questions in pairs.

Q1: Why are the people of St. Petersburg heroes?

Q2: Why do people think St. Petersburg is a great city?

2.Ss present their opinions in class and then the teacher makes a summary.

T: From the text we just learned, we can see that St. Petersburg, this great city, has a lot of history. In the past, Peter the Great was the hero of St. Petersburg. Now the people of St. Petersburg are keeping on making legend of St. Petersburg, even the legend of whole Russia. As a result, strong, proud and united, the people of St. Petersburg are the real modern heroes of Russia.

Step IV. Communication exercise.

Task: Talk about the celebrations of the city held in the city this July.

Step V. Homework.

1. Find out more information of the city on the Internet. Report it to the class in the written form.

2. Finish Ex.2 on Students’ Book P46.

Answer sheet:

the building of the city

position on the banks of the Newa River

creator the Russion Czar Peter the Great

personality of Peter the Great strong and proud

the decline of the city (important historical events)

time 1941

how long 900 days

intruder Germans (Nazis)

the results of the Nazis’failure 1.fires burned everywhere

2.buildings destroyed

3.paintings and stutues lay in pieces on the ground

the rebuilding of the city

materials 1.pieces of palaces that had hidden before the Nazis came

2.the old paintings and photograghs

difficulties save the buildings and palaces without destroying their old beauty

the result of hard work 1.Parts of statues have been put back together.

2.Missing pieces have been replaced.

3.Old paintings and the old palaces have been made as wonderful as in the past.

the present situation of the city

the modern heroes of Russia the people of St. Petersburg

the character of people of St.Petersburg strong, proud and united

Word Study

Type of lesson: Word study

Teaching aims:1. Help the Ss use some key words and expressions in this unit.

2.Help the Ss to know how to build a word with “re”.

Key point: Master how to use the key words and expressions in different situations.

Teaching procedures:

Sept I. Ask the Ss to find out the sentences with the words and expressions in the text and read them out.

Step II. Ask the Ss to read more examples and sum up the usage.

Step III . Ss do the exercises.

Step IV. Check the answers .

Step V. Homework.

1)Ask the Ss to make up a short passage with the words and expressions learnt in this unit.

2)Review the whole unit.

I.Word formation “re- “

1.Find out the words with “re-“ in the text and understand the meaning.

A prefix is a syllable that is added to the beginning of base word to change its meaning. In the text, prefix “re” means again .

2.Do Ex.1 on P46.

II. Word study.

1. use 的用法 (vt. & n.)

1) Are you using this knife or can I borrow it?

2) This glass has been used. Please fetch me a clean one.

3) Bamboo can be used to build houses.

4) These lights are used for illuminating the playing area.(赛场)

5) This grammar book can be used as a textbook..

6) A food processor has a variety of uses in the kitchen. (n.)

7) Don’t throw that cloth away. You’ll find a use for it one day.(n.)

8) It’s no use arguing with him any more. He won’t listen to you.(no use doing sth.)

9) If you don’t have enough money, You are able to buy a used car instead of a new one.

( A past participle can be used as an adjective.)

Exercise:

1. The old hospital _____________.( 已经不再使用了)

2. Computers should be designed for the people who _______________.(使用它们 )

3. It’s no use _________________( 帮助他学英语).He doesn’t want to learn it well at all.

4. She hurt her arm in the fall and _____________( 失去作用) of her fingers.

2. It is true that many of the world’s greatest cities have built on the banks of a river. (It + be + adj./n./p.p. +to do/ that ….)

It was difficult to save the palaces and buildings without changing their old beauty.

1)Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?

2)It is said that at least ten buildings will be built soon in our city.

3)It is easy to recite the text.

4)It’s a rule in our school to do a good cleaning on Friday.

Complete sentences.

1)据报道,一些外宾明天要到我校参观.( reported )

____ _____ _____ many foreign guests will visit our school.

2)行这次会议,意义重大。( important; of great importance)

a. To hold the conference is ____ ____ ____.

b.___ ____ ____ to hold the conference.

3.give up /give in

1)She gave up her job to look after her sick mother.

2)He has to give up playing football because of his broken left leg. .

3)You can’t win the game ,so you may as well give in.

Exercise:

1) The doctor told him to _________ smoking because he had coughed for a long time.

2) The enemy is surrounded ,and will soon ____________.

3) He has to _______ drinking whisky because he suffers from heart attack.

4.

look out, look after, look at, look up, look for

1) If you have new words, you should ________ the words in your dictionary.

2) Peter _______ his pen , but he didn’t find it.

3) _________, a car may hit you!

4) A good doctor should _________his patients very carefully.

5) Mary _______ the blackboard , but she could see nothing .

5. try to do/ have to do/ be able to do

1)We ______ remember the useful words and expressions in this unit in five minutes, but we failed..

2)She wasn’t ____________ go to the games because she hurt her right knee a week ago.

3)The workers ___________ stay up all night in order to finish the work on time.

6.seem 的用法见教参P145

1) It seems that it’s more difficult for women to get to the top of a company.

2) It seems that he is lying.

3) I seem to have seen her before.

4) It seems that he is angry. =He seems to be angry.

5) It seems as if/though he were in a dream.

6) It seems (as if) there will be an election soon.

Rewrite the following sentences.

1) It seems that he is an expert. He seems _____________________.

2) He seems to know everything. It seems _____________________.

III. Complete the passage with the suitable phrases.

try to, be able to, use, it +be+ important, have to

Karl Marx was born in Germany and his mother tongue was German . When he was still a young man he _had to leave his mother land. In 1849,he started working hard to learn his English because it was widely used all around the world. He made such rapid progress that before long he was able to write articles in English for an American newspaper. When he was in his fifties, he found that it was important to study the situation in Russia. So he began to learn Russian. Half a year later, he could read articles and reports in Russian. “ When people use the language, they should try to forget all about their own.” Such was Marx’s suggestion on how to learn a foreign language.

Grammar

Type of lesson: Grammar

Teaching aim: Ss will be able to understand the meaning of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions.

Teaching focus: Ss can use the voice in a proper situation.

Teaching aid: Paper sheet, pictures or projector

Teaching procures:

Step I. Lead in.

Show some pictures to help the Ss to understand the meaning of the voice.

1)The window has been broken .

2)A new school building has been built for a month.

3) Look, the dirty table has been cleared.

Step II. Ask the Ss to find out the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice in the text and tell why the passive voice is used.

Explain these sentences are used :

1) When the doer is unknown (Sentence 1)

2) When the doer is not important (Sentence 2)

3) When we want to highlight the object of the active sentence(Sentence 3)

Step III. Observe the functions of the voice.

Ask the Ss to read more examples and sum up the structures.

1)All the tickets for the International Music Festival have been sold out.

2)Whose homework hasn’t been handed in?

3)Has the building been completed?

肯定式Have/has been done

否定式Have/has not been done

疑问式Have/has…been done

Step IV. Practise using the voice.

1) Do exercise on P49 (checkpoint) and then do Ex.1 on P47.

2) Do Ex.2 on P123.

3) Do Ex.2 on P47.

Step IV. Practise the voice.

1) I see a lot of trees on the street .The trees _____ _____ planted for years.

2) Anybody who cuts down young trees _____ ______ punished.

3) I can’t enter the building because it ______ _____ locked on Sunday morning.

4) A museum ____ ____ built for cultural relics in the village.

5) Many measures _____ _____ taken to protect cultural relics in China ,so we are able to see many places with their original (最初的) looks.

Step VI. Homework.

1. Finish Ex.2 on P63 in the workbook.

2. Do Ex.3 on P123.Observe the examples first and then do the exercise.

Integrating skills

Type of lesson: Reading and writing

Teaching aim: Enable the Ss to improve the ability of reading and writing

Teaching aid: projector, paper sheet, tape recorder

Teaching procedures:

Step I. Ask the Ss to fill in the form after reading the text.

1. Do it individually.

2. Discuss in pairs.

Location feelings problems suggestions

Step II. Ask the Ss to learn to write a letter to an editor.

1. Find out what they want to write about individually.

2.Write it by themselves.

3.Exchange their letters.

4.Present their letters in class.

Step III. A writing task.

The Yellow Mountain is a place of interests, a great many travelers visit it every day. You traveled there on National Day and had a pleasant time. However, you were not satisfied with some behaviors(行为). Now, you are writing to the management office (管理处) according to the given information in the chart.

Problems Suggestions

throw about the rubbish take away

kill wild animals, catch birds stop hunting

pick flowers protect plants

do the cooking in the wood take meals, forest fire

Possible version:

Dear Editor,

I’m a visitor from Beijing. I traveled to the Yellow Mountain on National day and had a pleasant time there. However, I found some problems during my journey. Some tourists threw about waste paper, plastic bags and tins. Some killed wild animals, caught birds and picked up flowers. Some even did the cooking in the wood.

As we know, the Yellow Mountain is a place of interests. A great many travelers visit it every day. In my opinion, the travelers should take away rubbish with them when they leave. They should stop hunting and plants should be protected .What’s more, all the tourists should take their meals in order not to cause forest fire.

Yours sincerely,

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