托福写作如何丰富文章内容

托福写作如何丰富文章内容（通用6篇）

托福写作如何丰富文章内容篇1

important→essential, crucial, vital, significant

think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure

out

nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years, these days

b.改变词性，这是一种稍微难一些的方法，要求你的语法基础非常好，你才能灵活自如的运用。

n. → v.

Eg：When we look at a comparison

between A and B…

When we compare A and B…

Adj. → n.

There are a variety of solutions

to the problem.

There are various solutions to the problem.

c. 使用不同的承接词。承接词在文章当中的使用相当频繁，不仅是段落和段落的连接，还包括句子和句子的连接。背住一些常用的承接词比你的改写将会有极大的作用。

because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for

but → however, nevertheless

, nonetheless, whereas

so → therefore, hence, thus, consequently

d.形容词的逆向表达。在某些形容词上进行修改，会达到非比寻常的效果。

Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…

Not uncommon→common

The cheapest → the least expensive

托福独立写作“无话可说”怎么办

当我们开始准备托福独立写作的时候，很多考生会面临着一个问题，就是“无话可说”，特别是如果遇到一个自己不熟悉的题目，加之时间又紧，头脑就一片空白了，想到的也只是空泛的东西。在这种情况下，即使是中文也难以写好，更谈何用英语去表达呢。

对此办法就是要善于联想到一些具体的事实、具体的例证以及具体的现象。那么问题来了，具体的事实、具体的例证以及具体的现象到底有哪些呢?考生们的内心是崩溃的，人生过于平淡，阅历太少，书到用时方恨少，那么考生们该如何来准备这些具体的例子呢?

我们就拿《北极星》教材为例，来给大家分析一下如何从平常的阅读中积累托福写作素材～

写作真题

.8.3/.6.9 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years’ time, people will lead a more leisurely life.

写作思路

Main point: Disagree

Sub point1:工作压力比现在更大。

Sub point2:环境问题更为严重。

Sub point3:任何事物更新换代的速度更快，意味着之后我们需要不断的学习，更加努力的去适应时代的发展，不被时代所淘汰，所以不是更休闲了，而是更累了。

话题相关内容

第三版北极星4 Unit5 ----Longevity: Too Much of a Good Thing?

A doubled lifespan

If scientists could create a pill that let you live twice as long while remaining free of infirmities, would you take it?

If one considers only the personal benefits that longer life would bring, the answer might seem like a no-brainer : People could spend more quality time with loved ones; watch future generations grow up; learn new languages; master new musical instruments; try different careers or travel the world.

……

The workplace

For most people, living longer will inevitably mean more time spent working. Careers will necessarily become longer, and the retirement age will have to be pushed back, not only so individuals can support themselves, but to avoid overtaxing a nation’s social security system.

…

But such changes would carry their own set of dangers, critics say. Competition for jobs would become fiercer as “mid-life re-trainees” beginning new careers vie with young workers for a limited number of entry-level positions. Especially worrisome is the problem of workplace mobility, Callahan said. “If you have people staying in their jobs for 100 years, that is going to make it really tough for young people to move in and get ahead,” Callahan explained.

讲解如何运用

同学们注意，以上内容给了我们非常好的素材(尤其是标绿部分)。当我们要证明sub point1. 工作压力比现在更大。你能想到用什么方法来有效的论证呢?Maybe你会说以后大家都是高学历者(well-educated)，那么工作的竞争压力自然会更大。这个理由大部分同学都能想得到，那么怎么让你的素材比较novel? 赶紧学学以上段落吧!!!

20年后我们会变得更加长寿，这就意味着我们的退休年龄push back了，在这种年轻人不断进入职场，而年长者延迟退休的情况下，是不是竞争压力要更大了呢?同时篇章中许多expressions是我们都可以学习的，eg. mid-life re-trainees人到中年再就业者;a limited number of entry-level positions有限的招聘岗位;

写作真题

.10.11 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

It is a waste of money for government to fund space travel and exploration.

写作思路

Main point: Disagree

Sub point1: 目前地球存在的问题：环境污染越发严重，能源日益减少，人口激增等。所以我们有必要去探索宇宙，找到新的居住地，发现新能源。

Sub point2: Space exploration是非常practical的一项投资，不能说是a waste of money.

Sub point3: 诚然当今社会还有很多没有解决的问题需要政府来处理。这些问题可能比宇宙探索、旅行迫切多了，但是这并不意味着政府做这件事情就是浪费钱。因为如果政府不做就没有人有这个能力了。

话题相关内容

第四版北极星3 Unit3----Exploring the Red Planet

MARS: OUR NEW HOME?

If you think you’d like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing Mars. If you have all the necessary skills—and there are a lot—you could be one of the first colonists to Mars. Are you ready for the challenge?

…

As a future colonist in one of the six teams, you will go through years of training. If your team is the first team to travel to Mars, your main responsibility when you get there will be to build a place where humans can live. The atmosphere on Mars does not have enough oxygen for humans, and the land is not good enough to grow food. Colonists will have to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is air to breathe and land to farm. Scientists know Earth-like conditions can be simulated on Mars because something similar has already been done in Antarctica, where humans cannot survive outside the created environment.(对火星环境的具体描述&科学家们如何将其改造的适合人类居住。)

Humans may have another problem in space as well. It takes nearly a year to get to Mars, so travelers would be without the Earth’s gravity for a long time. In addition, Mars One astronauts will not return to Earth. Their mission is to start a colony that can support itself. So, the colonists will live the rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. For example, muscles and bones lose strength. The heart also gets weaker. The blood in the body gets thicker, and it becomes more difficult for the heart to push blood through the body. Luckily, spinning the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems.(针对情况：我们的身体可能会遇到挑战，例如失重。)

It also will be difficult for Mars colonists to be isolated, far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. It is important to come up with solutions to possible problems before anyone actually goes on a Mars mission. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars500 Mission took place. It studied people’s reactions to long-term space travel by following six astronauts in a Mars-like environment. The astronauts spent 520 days in this environment and only had contact with their bosses and their families. The six astronauts “returned” to the Earth in good physical condition—and still talking to each other. Scientists viewed the Mars500 Mission as a great success because they were able to see how the astronauts handle emotional and physical stresses. Surprisingly, the greatest emotional problem was boredom. The greatest physical problems were not getting enough sleep and gaining too much weight. (针对情况：在太空中我们的心理可能会遇到什么挑战，会不会出现心理疾病呢…)

讲解如何运用

关于这个话题，同学们脑海中应该会浮现中一幅幅宇宙探索的画面，例如近期的《火星救援》(The Martian)相信大家在这个话题上比较能达成共识，那就是政府花钱探索宇宙并非浪费钱的一种行为。

但是如何解释清楚呢?思路已经给大家了。现在我们回到[Sub point2: Space exploration是非常practical的一项投资，不能说是a waste of money.]

同学们想一下，当我们要证明宇宙探索的实效性、是有前景的，是不是应该展现给考官一个画面：在探索宇宙的过程中政府正在克服一个个unavoidable 困难，政府正在为寻找下一个家园而努力着，所以怎么能叫浪费钱呢?!

想清楚这点之后，不够哦!接下来怎么写呢?探索宇宙过程中具体会遇到什么难题呢?又是如何去解决的呢?英文要怎么表述啊?感觉好多专业术语不会讲，怎么办? !!!

同学们，那么请再仔细看看以上篇章中标绿的部分，是不是心中豁然开朗了呢，这篇文章简直就是为托福写作量身定做的!

520 days in this environment and only had contact with their bosses and their families. The six astronauts “returned” to the Earth in good physical condition—and still talking to each other. Scientists viewed the Mars500 Mission as a great success because they were able to see how the astronauts handle emotional and physical stresses. Surprisingly, the greatest emotional problem was boredom. The greatest physical problems were not getting enough sleep and gaining too much weight. (针对情况：在太空中我们的心理可能会遇到什么挑战，会不会出现心理疾病呢…)

写作真题

2015.10.25 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

In the past people were more friendly than they are today.

写作思路

Main point: Agree

Sub point1: 现在人生活节奏快，每天都非常忙碌，没什么时间关注他人，自然不如以前的人friendly。

Sub point2:当今社会诈骗行为很多，加上媒体的曝光，人们的防范心理很强，对陌生人极其警惕;而以前人们对陌生人是比较友善的。

Sub point3:当然不能否认当今社会中依然有很多friendly 的行为举措，很多人也极其warm-hearted.但是整体来说是以前的人比较friendly。其中有个比较重要的因素是现代人相对selfish,尤其在中国 One-Child Policy的影响下,独身子女相对会比较自私。

话题相关内容

第四版北极星3 Unit2----The Consequences of Fraud

(如下篇章内容围绕思路中的sub point2展开)

同学们，你们现在看到的就是北极星3 Unit2----The Consequences of Fraud的引入部分。其实在这个版块我们就可以学到很多单词： medical fraud(医疗诈骗), Internet fraud(网络欺诈)，Identity theft(身份盗窃)……这些表达在你的作文中都可以用到哦～接下来具体看一个篇章~

TYPES OF FRAUD

(注意：本文通篇可用，就不标注重点内容)

Fraud has been increasing around the world because of computer technology. One example is the Nigerian Bank Fraud. People are contacted by email and asked to help transfer money from Nigeria or other African countries by allowing the money to be placed temporarily in their bank accounts. The real motive is not to transfer money but to obtain personal banking information.(本段结合具体实例来说明当今世界，计算机的广泛使用、网络的普及让Fraud影响更大。可作为sub point2的素材。)

Another type of computer fraud is known as “phishing,” or trying to obtain financial information by impersonating a bank employee. When this kind of fraud takes place, you receive email messages from someone pretending to represent your bank. You are then asked to provide your account number or other identifying information. This kind of deception seems so real that many people respond to it and give away their financial and personal information.(本段提到的网络欺诈，大家是否很熟悉呢?里边的表达phishing, impersonate, deception这些好用的词汇学到手了吗?)

The telephone is also used by con men and women who try to impress people with amazing prizes and offers. Sometimes they will call and ask for your banking information so that they can put prize money into your account. If you do not trust a person contacting you by phone, ask for his or her name, business phone number, and company address. You can then contact the company yourself to learn whether or not you have reason to be suspicious.(电话诈骗有碰到过吗?在我们的日常生活中是不是很常见?这是不是让你不再那么相信陌生人了呢?“骗子”这个词可以用con men and women来表达，了解吗?所以本段内容也可以作为素材。)

Modern communications technology has made it easier for people to trick you with fake deals and requests for information. When you go online, you find many websites offering products and services such as medical treatment and legal advice. How can you know if something is real? Fortunately, there are many organizations that can help you make sure that companies and individuals are treating you with honesty. If you believe that you are involved in a case of fraud, be sure to report it and ask for help.

讲解如何运用

同学们，相信大家看完全文会发现基本整个篇章拿过来全是supporting materials.其实对于sub point2欺诈行为这点，同学们根据个人的经历以及网络、报纸上的新闻都可以想到具体的例子，关键的是不知道怎么表达，所以上文对于填补大家表达上空缺是非常有效的。

写作真题

2015.11.15 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The more money a person has, the more he or she should give away to the charities

写作思路

Main point: Disagree

Sub point1: Money越多在一定程度上意味着能帮助越多的人，而当今社会还有很多人温饱问题都解决不了，所以应该出更多的钱给慈善机构。可以用Bill Gates的例子。

Sub point2:对自身也有好处，自己在帮助他人的过程中可以更好的认识自己，变得更加快乐，更加自信，更加知道生命的意义。

Sub point3:可以让这个世界更加美好。许多问题的出现都是因为贫富差距过大导致的，如果富了之后会拿更多的钱出来帮助他人，那么这个世界必将更加美好。

话题相关内容

第三版北极星4 -Unit6----Give and Learn

This 1979 Nobel Peace Prize winner spent many years working with the extremely poor in India. Though not a rich person, Mother Teresa was able to personally help thousands of people. disagree with the following statement? The more money a person has, the more he or she should give away to the charities.

This business person is one of the richest people in the world. Bill Gates is also a very generous philanthropist and has created a foundation focusing on education and healthcare.

This movie star is reported to give away 1/3 of his/her income to several charities. Angelina Jolie is also the Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations High Commission for Refugees.

This wealthy talk show host has created a foundation “to support the education and empowerment of women, children and families”. Oprah Winfrey has also established a school for girls in South Africa.

讲解如何运用

本文的展开需要有大量的实例来说明做慈善是必要的，本单元中的Angelina Jolie, Oprah Winfrey, Bill Gates, Mother Teresa都是慈善的好例子。

结语

托福写作如何丰富文章内容篇2

一、融入恰当的描写

有些同学的习作内容不丰富, 有时很重要的一点是只泛泛叙述, 缺少描写。在记叙类文章中, 叙述往往侧重于一般过程的叙写, 读者只能得到对事物的综合、概括的了解;而描写则侧重于形象的具体描绘, 使读者获得具体、明晰的认识和感觉。如果只有叙述而没有描写, 文章便成了讲述故事梗概, 难免不生动、不形象了。描写根据描写的对象, 主要可以分为两大类, 即人物描写和环境描写。其中人物描写包括:肖像、语言、动作、心理等方面。环境描写包括自然环境和社会环境两大方面。尤其注意细节描写, 抓住生活中细微而具体的典型情节, 加以生动细致的描绘。有很多的名篇就是赢在细节描写上。例如, 朱自清的《背影》中, 父亲过铁道给我买橘子时的背影, “他用两手攀着上面, 两脚再向上缩;他肥胖的身子向左微倾, 显出努力的样子, 这时我看见他的背影, 我的泪很快地流下来了。我赶紧拭干了泪。怕他看见, 也怕别人看见。我再向外看时, 他已抱了朱红的橘子往回走了。过铁道时, 他先将桔子散放在地上, 自己慢慢爬下, 再抱起橘子走。到这边时, 我赶紧去搀他。他和我走到车上, 将橘子一股脑儿放在我的皮大衣上。于是扑扑衣上的泥土, 心里很轻松似的”。作者从颜色, 从动作, 从神态, 细细描绘, 都给人留下了深刻的印象。鲁迅的《风筝》中, “我”给弟弟踩踏风筝, 琦君的《春酒》中童年时自己对春酒的喜爱, 都是很好的写作范例, 仔细揣摩品味, 学习运用, 文章就不会枯燥无味。

二、融入合理的想象, 联想

联想”指由于某人或某事物而想起其他相关的人或事物, “想象”指想出不在眼前的具体形象或情景。写作中我们常常有这样的感受, 由此及彼, 浮想联翩, “好文章离不开联想。有了联想, 就可以把世间万物联系起来, 从而使思维更活跃, 眼界更开阔, 文章的内容更充实, 构思更精巧, 语言更生动。”---王蒙的《读<雪>需要联想》。雪本无情, 鲁迅先生却由北方的雪, 想到了南方的雪, 对比中表达了自己对北方雪的热爱, 对战斗的豪情。茅盾的《白杨礼赞》作者由白杨树联想到北方的农民。歌颂了抗日根据地军民不屈不挠的斗争精神。一根普通的火柴, 一截小小的蜡烛, 一池的荷塘, 一场密密的春雨, 一次爬山的经历, 一张怀旧的照片, 都可以让我们张开想象的翅膀, 联想起一些往事, 或睹物思人, 或感叹古今, 或思绪绵绵。只要我们是生活的有心人, 就会写出丰富多彩的文章。

如何找人改托福写作练笔完文章篇3

托福写作备考作文批改方式：上某宝找批改服务

想要获得比较权威优质的批改，最简单直接的方法不外乎上某宝了。目前某宝上提供这类作文批改服务的店铺很多，收费价格差距也比较大。而这种方式对于平时托福作文练笔训练量比较大又缺乏批改途径的考生来说是比较容易获得的。当然在选择具体的服务机构时大家也要注意批改的时效性和准确性。能够快速进行批改反馈，同时批改准确度更接近官方水准的是优先选择对象。另外一些较大的教育机构提供的服务相对更具权威性，这也可以成为大家的参考目标。

托福写作备考作文批改方式：对照高分满分范文批改

如果大家不想花钱更倾向于免费的批改，那就只能靠自己来进行批改了。而自己批改时比较理想的方法之一就是对照高分满分范文进行批改。具体做法是先寻找一些带有高分满分范文的作文题目，然后根据题目在不参考范文的前提下自己先进行练笔写出一篇完整的文章，最后再对照着范文进行批改。这种批改方式的价值在于能够帮助考生更为直观地看出自身写作水平距离高分标准的差距和不足所在，通过参照范文发现自己在写作中存在的问题，并找到更为精准的提升方向。

托福写作备考作文批改方式：根据官方评分标准批改

除了参考高分范文进行对照批改外，另一种自我批改的方式则是结合官方评分标准来进行批改。托福考试的主办机构ETS已经在其官网上给出了明确的评分标准，不同水平的得分差异也可以通过评分标准来看到具体区别。考生借助这样的评分标准进行自我批改也是可行的。当然这种批改方式对考生的自我认知有很高要求，许多标准其实是比较主观的，也会因为个人水平的差距而体现出较大的不同，所以这种自我批改作文的方式大家需要量力而行，对自己的写作水平没有准确认识的话不建议采用。

托福写作备考作文批改方式：互助渠道寻求批改

那么既不想花钱又不想靠自己来批改的同学如何达成作文批改的目的呢?小编再给大家推荐一个通过各种互助渠道来进行批改的方法。托福考试相关的论坛，QQ群和微信群大家可能多少都知道一些，不知道也没关系，在各平台上搜索一下应该都能找到不少。在这些互动社区和讨论群组中其实考生都可以通过和别人互相批改等方式来得到作文批改的机会，如果考生能够找到一起备考托福的考友，想要让自己的作文获得批改也并非难事。

托福独立写作如何给出合理观点避免扣分?立论点需躲开这2个雷区

托福独立写作观点扣分情况分析

在托福考试的两篇作文要求中，综合写作因为其文章要求所以不存在观点方面的扣分，而独立写作由于需要更为完整的论述过程，因此对考生在提炼和展开文章论点方面就由较高要求了。考生在论点上出问题的情况主要有以下两类：

1. 观点太空泛无法写全写透

相信看过一些托福写作指导经验类资料的考生都会发现，指导经验中经常会要求大家尽量树立一些比较具体细节的观点来写，这其实很好理解，因为越具体能写的东西就越多。太过抽象空泛的观点想要写好，论述得言之有理是比较困难的，而且经常会出现论述不全面或是没有展开就结束的问题。考虑到托福写作的时间有限，观点树立得太空泛就相当于考生自己给自己挖坑，最后论述不到位缺乏说服力其实都是因为自己没有树立好观点。

举例来说，某篇作文的题目是关于移动电话对人类生活的影响。如果考生写出的是很宽泛的“移动电话对人类生活影响很大”，虽然之后看似可以写很多内容，但实际上是很容易写不到点子上的，因为能说的话太多大家反而不知道如何突出重点了。这种时候大家其实完全可以写移动电话对衣食住行中任意一点的影响。有了更为细节的内容，展开起来才会更加方便，考生也能根据自己的喜好给出更有说服力的论据，提升文章内容的质量。

另一篇作文的题目是广告带给社会的干扰。既然是干扰当然应该有具体内容。如果观点只是说广告会产生负面影响那也有观点太空泛的嫌疑，之后具体要展开同样会不太好写。大家可以收缩一下观点，比如从广告的误导性来具体展开，是不是脑子里一下子就多出了很多例子有很多话想说了?想要让文章内容更有干货，观点太过空泛是一定要避免的。

2. 论点太窄无法进一步展开

另一种比较常见的论点则与上面的情况正好相反，那就是论点太窄了。大家需要明白一点，一篇理想的高分独立写作文章，考生不仅需要有主论点，也需要有分论点，2-3个中间段其实就是让大家在主论点的基础上拓展出多个分论点然后分段论述的。如果考生的主论点就太过狭窄，那么后续拓展分论点就很难继续下去了，无话可写只能翻来覆去重复主要论点，文章的水准可想而知。

小编同样举个实例来说明论点太窄的危害性。比如某次考试的题目是讨论为什么有些人喜欢参加危险的极限运动。如果你直接给出的观点是极限运动能够放松自己缓解生活压力。那这个论点想要进一步展开的空间其实就很小了。但如果你把论点写得宽一点，比如极限运动能够带来很多益处，之后完全可以把缓解压力作为分论点来写，这样的论点既方便自己展开观点，也更容易找到各类论据进行论述支持。

托福独立写作中如何准确使用词汇?常见数量词用法详细讲解

托福独立写作数词规则：数字/单词运用时机区分

当数词可以用至多两个英文单词表达时，尽量使用英文字母表示。因此，12以下的数字或整数一般都需要“写出来”，但在percent(百分比)前面一般直接使用阿拉伯数字，如：

Experts quickly realized that there were two possible explanations for the decline of sea otters: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. 专家很快认识到，海獭数量减少有两个可能的原因：环境污染或来自捕食者的攻击。

When the price difference between two products is small, for example, less than 5 percent in the case of eco-certified wood products, American consumers often choose on factories other than price. 当两种产品之间的价格差距非常的小(在环保认证木材制品的案例中，这种差距小于5%)，美国消费者会考虑生产厂商而不是价格。

托福独立写作数词规则：什么时候用阿拉伯数字

当数字需要用两个以上英文单词表达时，尽量使用阿拉伯数字表示，因此年份往往是直接用阿拉伯数字进行表示，如：

These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 125 kilometers per hour. 这些动物奔跑速度非常快，可以达到每小时125千米。

Cane toads were introduced to Australia in 1935 with the expectation that they would protect farmers’ crops by eating harmful insects. 蔗蟾于1935年被引入澳大利亚，期待它们通过吃害虫来保护农民的庄稼。

托福独立写作数词规则：句子开头不用阿拉伯数字

句子的开头一般不使用阿拉伯数字，如：15 couples were invited to participate in a survey that aimed to figure out the fatal elements leading to personal success.十五对夫妇被邀请参与到一项调查之中，该调查的目的是探究个人成功最重要的要素。

较好的表达方式为：Fifteen couples were invited to participate in a survey that aimed to figure out the fatal elements leading to personal success.

托福独立写作数词规则：小数分数用数字

表达小数(或分数)时，尽量使用数字，如：The government has spent over $12.4 million constructing new recreational facilities for local residents in the past few decades. 在过去的几十年间，政府花费了超过1240万元用于为当地居民建造新的娱乐设施。

托福独立写作词汇用法注意细节精讲名词类使用易错点分析

1. 可数名词要有冠词代词或复数

Even expert or scholar specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.

During high school, a very important time in a person’s education career, student will learn skill necessary to be successful in university and the work world.

第一句句子中的expert和scholar都是可数名词，因此需要在这些词之前加上冠词(定冠词或不定冠词)或物主代词，或变为名词的复数形式。Even experts or scholars specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.

第二句句子中的student和skill也都是可数名词，全句应该改为：During high school, a very important time in a person’s education career, students will learn most of the skills necessary to be successful in university and the work world.

2. 集合名词的单复数要注意

我们来看下面的例句：

Technology is developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never have foreseen.

在此句句子中，technology 是不可数名词。考生是否可以将这句句子改成：Various modern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never have foreseen呢?technology到底是可数名词还是不可数名词?

当technology理解为抽象的“科学技术”，即强调总称时，是不可数名词，如例句中的Technology is developing at a remarkable speed中的technology正是对“科学技术总称”的指代。当强调“各种各样”科技产品的时候，此时的technology则是可数名词，如例句 Various modern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed. 这类名词称之为“集合名词”，在托福独立写作中，经常使用的“集合名词”还有government，如：

The central government is so concerned about keeping pandas in existence that it is spending millions of dollars trying to determine how to artificially inseminate the giant panda. (中央政府是一级具体的“政府机关”，因此使用可数名词形式)

It is crucial for government to setup more funds by attracting larger investments to solve financial problems encountered during the course of environment-related projects. (这里的政府是“行政机关的总称”，因此使用不可数名词形式)

3. 名词的首字母大写要求介绍

在哪些情况下，名词需要对其首字母进行大写(capitalization)?

表示月份：February

表示历史事件：The Enlightenment

表示历史时期：The Middle Ages

表示书刊、报纸：The New York Times，The Washington Post

表示节日：Christmas，the Spring Festival

托福写作文章写多少字才能拿高分篇4

托福作文包含信息才是分数高低关键所在

托福写作的字数与成绩之间存在一个调节阀：信息量。当我们阅读一些出自native speaker的英语文章时，会发现他们能够用最精炼的语言表达出许多信息量。打个比方，他们用1句话就能表达出6个信息点;而我们或许1句话最多也只能表达3个信息点。那我们就需要比他们多花一倍的笔墨去说同样信息容量的故事。如果你的语言能力够好，那么就会削弱字数的影响。但遗憾的是，我们大多数人并不具备这样的能力，因此字数仍旧是一个不可忽视的部分。

托福作文篇幅字数介绍

想要了解托福作文的字数范围，最好的途径就是从官方发布的各类高分满分范文中来寻找答案。根据许多托福老师的数据统计，小编在此给出一个结论，那就是一般而言，托福写作比较合理的字数范围是：综合写作230到270字，;独立写作450字左右。如果你的作文字数范文能够控制在这个区间内，那么假如文章本身的质量也没有太大问题，就能得到一个更为理想的分数了。

独立综合写作不同字数要求需合理控制

虽然有了数据结果，但是实际上写作中想要控制好字数篇幅并非易事，小编相信很多同学都遇到过突然写不出来或者写得停不下来的情况。那么考生具体怎么做才能控制好自己的作文篇幅字数呢?

先看综合写作，综合写作中是不需要表达考生自己的观点和想法的，需要的是阅读的信息、听力的信息、阅读与听力的关联，简言之就是“阅读归纳总结，听力力争还原”。考生只是一个转述者，其中主次一定是听力高于阅读。综合的阅读会重现，在你敲写作的时候会重现，作为一场语言考试，你对着屏幕搬运体现了任何语言能力了吗?没有。而听力却是一遍过，它考察了你的语言能力和重要信息收集的能力，所以相比于听力，阅读的信息绝对不会是重点。总结来看，综合写作是转述别人的观点，从这一点上来说，综合的判分是按点给分，只要语法和布局没有大问题，你的信息点踩到多少就给你多少的分，字数要求方面反而是其次的，考生只要能保证覆盖到所有信息点，那么字数篇幅上控制在250个字左右就可以了。

再看独立写作，对于大多数的考生来说，作文的字数越多，语法错误、拼写错误也会越多。虽然ETS对于语法和拼写有一定的容错，但小编还是不希望大家主动去试探语法拼写的扣分边缘。对于大多数主动或被动受训过的考生来说，托福独立写作主体段三段每一段130词基本能够算是展开充分了(如一开始所说的，字数不是唯一的判断标准，还要看你的内容和信息量)，加上开头段和结尾段，这才有了450字左右的说法。同时，如果我们对自己的实力没有一个准确认知的话，多打字其实也是一种额外的消耗。

以上就是小编为大家分析的托福作文字数篇幅和实际得分之间的关系。合理规划自己的文章篇幅是一种很需要多加练习才能掌握的技巧，希望通过本文的内容介绍，考生能够更好地安排好自己的写作篇幅，不再让字数问题影响自己的写作思路。

托福写作模板:英法战争

The war between Britain and France

In the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner of Europe, as well as in the Middle East, south Africa ,the West Indies, and Latin America. In reality, however, there was only one major war during this time, the war between Britain and France. All other battles were ancillary to this larger conflict, and were often at least partially related to its antagonist’ goals and strategies. France sought total domination of Europe . this goal was obstructed by British independence and Britain’s efforts throughout the continent to thwart Napoleon; through treaties. Britain built coalitions (not dissimilar in concept to today’s NATO) guaranteeing British participation in all major European conflicts. These two antagonists were poorly matched, insofar as they had very unequal strengths; France was predominant on land, Britain at sea. The French knew that, short of defeating the British navy, their only hope of victory was to close all the ports of Europe to British ships. Accordingly, France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination from Moscow t Lisbon, from Jutland to Calabria. All of this entailed tremendous risk, because France did not have the military resources to control this much territory and still protect itself and maintain order at home.

French strategists calculated that a navy of 150 ships would provide the force necessary to defeat the British navy. Such a force would give France a three-to-two advantage over Britain. This advantage was deemed necessary because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology, and also because Britain would be fighting a defensive war, allowing it to win with fewer forces. Napoleon never lost substantial impediment to his control of Europe. As his force neared that goal, Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack.

托福写作模板:学生参与决策

托福写作模板及范文参考：

At some universities, students take part in making decisions about the issues that affect daily life of everyone on campus, such as how many hours that the libraries should be open each day or what kinds of food should be served in the cafeteria. But at some universities, experts are hired to make this decisions, students almost never involved. Which approach do you prefer and why.

托福写作范文参考：

We can never over emphasize the importance of campus life during which people mature intellectually and psychologically. It is a university’s unshakable responsibility to provide qualified education and various facilities. For a university to function well, there must be effective and reasonable rules regulating behaviors of both students and staffs. In my mind, it is students, but not experts, who should be responsible for the making of rules.

Admittedly, inviting professional and experienced experts to make rules is an easy solution for universities to effectively manage students and staffs. Given years of work experience, experts not only understand students’ needs and preferences, but also know well how to help students regulate behaviors, such as cultivating good habits, managing time and having healthy diets. For example, to encourage students to have enough time to sleep, experts usually require libraries to close at 10 o’clock; also, to help students keep healthy, they demand dining halls to provide nutritious food, such as organic vegetables and fruits.

However, it is actually difficult for experts to truly think from students’ perspective, so some of their rules may be not appropriate. On the contrary, students, though inexperienced, deserve the right to make rules for themselves and the opportunity to improve their abilities to manage. To begin with, it is students who study and live on campus that can enact rules flexible and reasonable enough to help students improve efficiency in both study and social activities. However, experts, as observers of students, may be unavoidably theoretical. For instance, during exam weeks, it is inconvenient to close libraries at 10 o’clock, as many students need more time and a quiet place to finish their assignments and prepare for exams, which is usually ignored by experts.

Secondly, it is also universities’ duty to help students learn self-management and leadership by giving them the right to enact rules for all students on campus. Undoubtedly, student government ought to take the responsibility to collect students’ opinions from polls, negotiate with students having different requirements, and finally introduce rules that can be respected and observed by all. Since these are rules made by students themselves, there is no reason to complain and violate. Moreover, this is a rare opportunity for members of student government to enhance leadership and management capability. Though the process will be surely time consuming and even arouse various problems, it is worthy given the huge benefits to students.

To sum up, endowing students the right to make rules for themselves is a better option for universities to accommodate students’ needs and help them grow up.

运用联想方法丰富写作内容篇5

知识全解：

1．什么是联想?联想在写作中有什么作用?

联想是由一事物想到另一事物的心理活动．写作中运用联想，能使作者不受时间和空间的限制，广泛地选用材料，灵活地进行构思，丰富写作内容。许多触景生情的作品都是由联想产生的。

2．怎样培养联想能力?

培养联想能力，要向生活和书本学习，积累丰富的知识和生活画面，要勤思精想，活跃思维。这样，才能思路开阔，左右逢源，由此及彼地展开丰富的联想．

习作提示：

一、提示：题目要求选择“熟悉的事物”写，提供参考的事物有“树根”小草”海潮”“桥”。

同学们不要受所提供的事物的拘泥，要写自己最熟悉的，写便于自己展开联想的。

题目要求写“咏物抒怀”的作文，对所咏的“物”，要具体描绘它的形象，对于所抒的“怀”，要表达自己真挚的感情．“展开联想”，要求同学们由跟前“物”的具体形象，联想到自己真挚的“怀”的抽象的感情。

“树根”

可以由树根深埋于地下，为树干的挺直，树叶的繁茂，所做出的默默的奉献，联想到为祖国建设作基石的工人、农民、战士。知识分子。

“小草”

可以从“没有花香，没有树高”，联想到小草的优势不多：可以从“草不知名随意生”和“无人知道”，联想到小草的平凡与朴实；可以从“从不寂寞，从不烦恼”，联想到小草的不戚戚于个人得失；可以从“草不谢荣于春风”，不择地形、土质，不择气温、雨水，想到小草的旺盛生命力；可以从“草不随风偃去”，“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”，想到小草意志力的顽强。可以由小草想到树木或人类，

“海潮”

可以从“白马千群浪涌，银山万叠天高”，“声如千骑疾，气卷万山来”，“八月十五潮，壮观天下无”，联想到海潮的大气磅礴，可以从“早潮才落晚潮生，一月周流六十回”，“春去花无迹，潮归岸有痕”，“若知潮有汛，嫁与弄潮儿”，联想到海潮的坚守信义；从海潮奔腾，波涛汹涌，吞吐日月，气壮山河，联想到宏伟抱负，博大胸怀。从横空跨越使壕堑变通途的勃发雄姿，联想到桥加强沟通的能耐；从长年累月立于冰冷或湍急的水中毫无怨言，联想到桥不畏艰难的精神，从挺直腰杆承载巨大压力从不退缩，联想到桥勇挑重担的品质。

二、××的联想

提示：“××”，给同学们留下了联想的广阔天地。可以是某种实物，如松柏、苍鹰：可以是某种符号，如O、x；可以是某种情感，如嫉妒、诚信；可以是某种经历，如失败、获奖；等等。

比如《镜子的联想》，可以联想到镜子能照到真实的见不到的我，如照到人的眼睛这一心灵的窗户，人的表情这一内心的素描；可以联想到镜子能照到自己的.缺点和不足，因而是人们的挚友和净友；可以联想到镜子照出的有真相也有假相，因而既不能自惭形秽，也不能孤芳自赏，也可以联想到镜子也在不断改革与进步中，从以铜为镜，到以玻璃为镜，到x光镜，到望远镜和显微镜，这一历程正标志了人类认识历程的不断深化与提高，还可以联想到以人为镜，以史为镜，对个人可以知得失，对国家可以知兴替。联想丰富，可以使思路活跃，内容充实。

三、提示：触发也是联想，题目已作了交代。但这道题不是前两道联想题的重复而是升格。所升的“格”在哪里?在一个“新”字。“读书贵有新得，作文贵有新味”，写读书心得也好，写其他类作文也好，都得有点新的见解与认识。

范文示例：

柳赞

周敦颐笔下出污泥而不染的莲花使我喜欢，茅盾所写的质朴的白杨叫我赞叹，陶铸歌颂的无私的松树同样令我敬佩，但我由衷喜欢的却是被人们称作“弱女子”的柳树。

我爱柳树，因为她是绿得最早的生命。每年春天，是她最先吐出嫩芽，唤醒沉睡的大地，向人们报告春天的信息；是她最先换上绿衣裙，给美丽的春天带来了勃勃的生机。她是春天的使者。

我爱柳树，也因为她是黄得最晚的生命，在万木萧条的时节，在“伟丈夫”的白杨已落叶之际，柳树身着黄衣黄裙，迎着寒风，她想多为人们挡住一点寒气。她是那么轻盈、潇洒地挥着枝条；她是那么美丽，婆娑多姿，翩翩起舞；她是那么勇敢，无所畏惧地迎着寒风。

我爱柳树，因为她有顽强的生命力。“有意栽花花不发，无心插柳柳成荫。”这是对柳树生命力的真实写照，它说明柳树对环境的适应性是多么强啊！

我爱柳树，因为它内外皆美。她不用绚丽的花朵打扮自己，招蜂引蝶，可她片片绿叶泛着宝石般的光彩，显得那么清新、自然、大方。你看，当夕阳的余辉照着河面时，河边那一株株青青柳树垂下弯弯的柳条，她们像少女的秀发，像母亲的手轻轻抚摸着河水，河面上微微漾起涟漪，荡着金波，扩散开去，这是一幅多么安详、幽静的画面啊！你再看那平旷地上的成排柳树，她们长得越高，枝条却垂得越低，有的几乎要碰到地面。无风时，那一根根柳条织成一道绿墙，又像是汇成了绿的瀑布。更美的是微风吹拂时，那枝叶也向着大地拜舞。人们说，那是因为大地时时提供着养料，柳枝不忘哺育之恩，向着大地母亲微笑，献上敬意呢！

我爱柳树，因为她不但有莲花的纯洁，也有白杨和松树的坚强；因为她不仅体态轻盈，婀娜多姿，具备秀美、柔美，而且具有坚强的品格和热爱母亲的胸怀。

我爱柳树，这树中的好女子！

托福写作如何丰富文章内容篇6

范文：

In the face of fierce competition from international students and decline of local students’ interests in academic study, the government needs an effective plan to improve education quality of high schools. Undoubtedly, for any plan to take effect, the first step is to train teachers who are directly responsible for students’ study. In my mind, between options of training a few at first or training all of them online at the same time, the latter one must be a better strategy.

In consideration to efficiency, training all teaching staff online can help the government improve overall education quality in short time. Teachers usually have different schedules, so it must be difficult to have them together frequently in a seminar. Possibly, the compulsory training will arouse complaints. However, thanks to the wide coverage of Internet, teachers can easily access training materials at any place and any time individually and flexibly. Moreover, as high school teachers, they must possess the consciousness and capability of studying on their own. Therefore, with all teachers starting to study at the first time, the process can be greatly simplified. On the contrary, it costs twice as much as time to train a few elite teachers who then convey what they obtain to peers back to school.

In consideration to effectiveness, training all teachers online together will generate an atmosphere of positive competition and cooperation. It is more encouraging that all teachers begin at the same starting point. There can be a private account for each participant that records his or her studying progress and ranks among peers. In addition, trainees of all schools can freely share their thoughts and get inspiration from each other on the giant cyber environment. Under peer pressure, teachers will become more involved and active. However, another proposal of selecting a few good teachers getting training will run into troubles at the initial stage. The problem lies in how to select the “good teachers”. It is difficult to set a convincing standard that is agreeable and acceptable to all. A foreseeable outcome might be the emerging of bias between those selected and unselected.

To sum up, the wise choice of the government to improve education must be providing online training to all teachers together.

The government wants to improve the education of high school, and there are two plans:

1 Choose a group of good teachers and train them first, and after that let them go back to their schools and train other teachers.

2 Provide training for every teacher online, with providing online materials and let them study individually.

这一天的独立写作重复7月10日的考题

1 the characters of online training

1) convenient and flexible

2) huge database of training materials

3) free discussion platform for all

2 teachers

1) busy schedule

2) strong study ability