北师大英语必修一翻译（共6篇）
Unit 1
Lesson 1
A Perfect Day?
A Couch Potato
When I Wake up I don’t get up immediately I turn on the television and watch the children’s programmes and old movies until about half-past ten.Then I get up, go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room.For lunch, I have biscuit and a glass of milk, and I watch the news.In the afternoon, I often watch another old film-they’re showing some good ones at the moment.In the evenings, I often watch TV series or sport and the news again.I like the main news at six o’clock.At nine thirty, if there is a good ploy on BBC2, I switch over and watch it.Then at night, I watch more films and I Usually switch off the TV at about two o’clock.I never watch TV all night.I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day.I also do some exercise every day.I take Tina, the dog, for a walk to the every afternoon.I don’t go far, of course, I walk to the wall outside my house.I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.Of course, I couldn’t live this lifestyle without a good wife.She’s not here now because she’s working, but she always makes my meals.We haven’t got much money, you know, but we’re happy.Sit down and watch TV.Here’s the remote control.You’ve got the world at your feet.And in your hand.Great!沙发土豆
当我醒来，我不马上起床，我打开电视，看儿童节目和老电影，直到过去十年半。然后我起床，下楼，打开起居室的电视。吃午饭，我吃了饼干和一杯牛奶，我看新闻。在下午，我经常看他们展示了一些不错的电影另一个老电影。在晚上，我经常看电视剧或体育新闻了。我喜欢在六点的重要新闻。九三零，如果有一个好的策略在BBC2，我切换和看它。然后在晚上，我看电影，我通常在二点左右，关掉电视。我从不通宵看电视。我看电视，十六或十七小时。我每天也做些运动。我把蒂娜，狗，每天下午散步的。我不要走远，当然，我走到房子外面的墙。我总是把我的手提电视，坐在石头墙而狗走在一个圆圈。
当然，没有一个好妻子，我不能这样生活。她现在不在这里是因为她工作，但她总是给我做饭。我们没有多少钱，你知道，但我们很高兴。坐下来看电视。这里的远程控制。就在你脚下的世界。和在你的手。太好了。
A workaholic
I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off.As soon as I hear my alarm clock, I jump out of my bed.It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash, get changed, have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus.I am always the first person to the office.The mornings are even busier!Meetings and phone call take up a large part of the day.Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.By around eight o‟clock, I usually find some time to do my own paperwork and answer some personal e-mail.When I get home at about ten, I look at some documents that I bring back from the office so that I can be ready for the next day‟s work.I get to bed around midnight when my wife and children are already asleep.I seldom have time for fun and other activities with my family.My family complains about it.But I try to work hard so that I can make more money for them.Besides, I get bored if there’s nothing to do.I like being busy.工作狂
我通常醒大约在闹钟响前五分钟。当我听到我的闹钟，我从床上跳起来。洗，换衣服，吃早餐，我花了不到十五分钟，离开家上车。
我总是到办公室的第一人。早晨更忙！会议和电话花了一天中大部分的时间。每一天的每一分钟都充满了紧迫的问题。大约八点，我通常会找时间做我自己的文书工作和回答一些个人电子邮件。
当我回家时在十左右，我看了一些文件，我从办公室带回来，我可以准备一天的工作。我半夜才上床睡觉，当我的妻子和孩子们都已经睡着了。
我很少有时间和家人一起娱乐活动和其他活动。我的家人总是抱怨。但我努力工作，以便能为他们赚更多的钱。另外，我感到厌倦，如果没有做。我喜欢忙碌。
Lesson 4
City And Country
Debbie is an accountant in a large company in the centre of London.I need to be in my office by nine o‟clock.I travel to work on “the tube”.That‟s what people call the underground in London.It takes about fifty minutes.Usually, it‟s so crowded that I can‟t find anywhere to sit.I just stand.I‟m always tired before I arrive at work.I don‟t like the underground!
I speed all morning checking numbers.Lunch is always simple.I often get a sandwich in a nearby sandwich shop or I just have some biscuits and a cup of coffee.Then in the afternoon, I return to the paperwork in the office.On Monday nights, I have dance classes, and on Wednesday nights, I go to the gym.I need to do that because I don‟t get enough exercise otherwise.On Tuesdays and Thursday nights, I have French classes.I work for a French company so I think studying French will help me in my job.I go the cinema almost every weekend, Sometimes, if the weather forecast is good, my friends and I drive to the countryside for a weekend break.We like to visit nice, quiet places far away from the city and go walking where there are no shops, crowds or the tube.That fresh air is so good for my lings, I love it.Paul lives in a small village in the north of England.I usually get up at four o‟clock every morning when it‟s still dark.I live and work on the farm so I don‟t need to travel.After a big breakfast in my house, I work out of the front door and I‟m already at work.There are many things to do on the farm all day.We don‟t have the same work hours that office workers In the city have.We do jobs when they need to be done and that could be early in the morning or late at night.I have cows, sheep, pigs and chickens on my farm.I have to make sure they are free of sickness.I also grow wheat and vegetables so there are many things to look after.In the evening, I like to play with my children.I have two children, a boy and a girl.They are six and eight years old.I also like to study.Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning.I am very interested in China and it‟s my dream to see the Great Wall one day.I love movies.My wife calls me a “movie fan”.But there isn‟t cinema in my village so I don‟t get the chance to go very often.I go about twice a year, usually when I go to London with my family.We take a weekend break there when I am not too busy on the farm.My wife loves looking in the clothes shops and I like all the crowds and the noise.I also like to buy a few cigars.Unfortunately, my wife isn‟t as fond of them as I am.My son and daughter love to ride on London‟s red buses and they especially love to go on the tube!④城市和国家
戴比是在伦敦市中心一家大型公司会计。
我必须九点在我办公室。我到工作在“管”。这就是人们所说的伦敦地铁。它需要大约五十分钟。通常，它是如此拥挤，我找不到任何地方坐。我只是站在。我一直都很累我上班之前。我不喜欢地下！
我整个上午检查数的速度。午餐总是很简单。我经常在附近的三明治店里买个三明治或我只是有一些饼干和一杯咖啡。然后在下午，我回到办公室的文书工作。在星期一的晚上，我有舞蹈课，在星期三的晚上，我去健身房。我需要做的，因为我没有得到足够的锻炼，否则。在星期二和星期四晚上我去上法语课。我为一家法国公司工作，所以我想学习法语，会帮助我在我的工作。
我去看电影，几乎每个周末，有时，如果天气好，我和我的朋友开车去乡下度周末。我们想去好，安静，远离城市，走在没有商店的地方，人们或管。这新鲜的空气是我的小狗很好，我喜欢它。在英格兰北部的一个小村庄，保罗的生活。
我通常会在每天早上四点的时候它还是黑的。我住在农场上工作，所以我不需要旅行。在我的房子里吃过丰盛的早餐后，我解决的大门前，我已经在工作。有许多事情要做，整天在农场。我们没有相同的工作时间在办公室工作的人们。我们做的工作时，他们需要做的工作，可以在清晨或深夜。我有牛，羊，猪和鸡在我的农场。我要确保他们都是免费的疾病。我也种植小麦和蔬菜，所以有很多事情照顾。
在晚上，我和我的孩子们喜欢玩。我有两个孩子，一个男孩和一个女孩。他们是六岁和八岁。我还喜欢研究。我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。我对中国很感兴趣，我的梦想是有一天看到长城。
我喜欢电影。我的妻子叫我“影迷”。但没有在我村的电影院，所以我没有机会经常。我每年两次，通常当我去伦敦，我的家人。我们用一个周末休息时我不太忙农场。我的妻子喜欢逛服装店，我喜欢所有的人群和噪音。我也喜欢买几支雪茄。不幸的是，我的妻子不象我一样喜欢他们。我的儿子和女儿的爱骑在伦敦的红色双层巴士，他们特别喜欢去管！Culture corner
English Tea And Coffee Culture
One thing British and Chinese cultures share is a love for fine tea.Today, when we think of the English and beautiful china tea cups.Afternoon Tea
People believe that an English duchess, Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford(1788-1861)first introduced the idea of afternoon tea.In the 18th and 19th centuries, the English ate only two main meals each day – breakfast and a heavy supper that would last for several hours in the evening.As a result, people often got these two meals.To solve this problem, the Duchess came up with the clever idea of inviting some friends to join her fir an afternoon meal between four and five o‟clock.This meal included cakes and sandwiches, and tea was served to wash down the food.In order to make this afternoon meal important, fine china cups and plates, and silver teapots, knives, forks and spoons were used.Soon, afternoon tea parties became popular social occasions.Today, afternoon tea parties continue to play an important part in the social life of wealthy people in modern Britain.Will you come for coffee? Coffee also has an important role in British culture.People often use the words “will you come for coffee?” to mean “Would you like to come to my home for a chat?” Normally, several different drink like orange juice will be served as well as coffee, and you will be asked what you would like.However, you will not normally be offered wine at a “coffee” party.Coffeehouses and the London Stock Exchange
In the 17th century London, coffeehouses were busy, noisy places.Merchants and bankers went to coffeehouses to do their business, as well as to drink coffee.In fact, the London Stock Exchange is believed to have started from these coffeehouses.文化角
英国茶和咖啡文化
一个英国和中国文化共享是一个爱的好茶。今天，当我们认为英语和美丽的中国茶。
下午茶
人们认为，英国公爵夫人，安娜，第七贝德福德公爵夫人（1788-1861）首先介绍了下午茶的想法。在第十八和第十九世纪，英国只吃两个主餐每一天–早餐和丰盛的晚餐会持续几个小时在晚上。因此，人们经常把这些两餐。为了解决这个问题，公爵夫人想出邀请一些朋友到她的杉木四和五点之间一个下午餐的聪明的主意。这顿饭有蛋糕和三明治，茶是用来冲洗食物。为了使下午茶的重要，好的瓷器杯子和盘子，银质的茶壶，刀子，叉子和勺子被使用。很快，下午茶变成了流行的社交场合。今天，下午茶聚会中继续发挥富人在现代英国社会生活的一个重要组成部分。
你要来杯咖啡吗？
咖啡在英国文化中占有重要的作用。人们常说“你要来杯咖啡吗？“的意思是“你愿意来我家聊天？“通常情况下，几种不同的喜欢喝橙汁将服务以及咖啡，你会问你喜欢什么。然而，你将不在“咖啡”一方提供酒。
咖啡馆和伦敦证券交易所 在第十七世纪的伦敦，咖啡馆都忙，嘈杂的地方。商人和银行家去咖啡馆去做他们的生意，以及喝咖啡。事实上，伦敦证券交易所已开始从这些咖啡馆。
本单元单词
问卷，调查表questionnaire 要紧，有重大关系matter 搭档，合作者partner 生活方式lifestyle 牧羊人shepherd平静的，和平的peaceful 放松的，轻松的relaxing 充满压力的，紧张的stressful 认为，猜想suppose 系列series 电视连续剧TV series 卡通片，动画片cartoon 谈话节目，现场访谈talk show 抱怨，投诉complain 长沙发，睡椅couch 终日懒散在家的人couch potato 转换，转变switch 把开关打开，接通switch on 转换频道switch over 把……关掉，关上switch off 英国广播公司BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation 轻便的，手提（式）的portable 遥远的remote 遥控remote control 工作狂workaholic 日常文书工作 paperwork 警报，警告器alarm 闹钟alarm clock(铃，爆竹等)响go off 占据take up 充满着be failed with 急迫的，紧急的urgent 公文，文件document 午夜，半夜midnight 厌烦的，不感兴趣的bored 压力stress 演播室，工作室studio 专家 expert 遭受（痛苦）遭受疼痛suffer 忍受，遭受suffer from 压力pressure 社交的，社会的social 减少，降低reduce 组织 organise 饮食，节食diet 更喜欢，宁愿prefer 忍耐，忍受stand 志愿者volunteer 毕业graduate 零下，负minus 脸盆basin 挑战challenge 支持，支撑support 拨（电话号码）dial 设计design 广告advertisement 表演，展示presentation解决，解答solve 会计，会计师accountant（英）地铁tube 拥挤的crowded 附近的，在附近nearby否则，另外otherwise 预报，预测forecast 预报，预测forecast 人群，一伙人 crowd 肺lung 疾病sickness 距离distance 远程学习distance learning 雪茄烟cigar 此刻，目前at the moment数年间over the years 调查survey 古典的classical 迷你裙mini-skirt正式的，合礼仪的formal 骑自行车cycle（中国）功夫 Kang fu 风格，样式style
Unit 2 Lesson 1
Modern Heroes Nations Hero
China‟s first manned spaceship lifted off at 9 a.m.on Wednesday, October 15th , 2003 in Jiuquan, Gansu Province.The spaceship, called Shenzhou V, was carrying China‟s first astronaut, Yang LiWei.Yang, who was a pilot in the army, was chosen from 1,500 other army pilots and stared training for his space flight in 1998.The launch was very successful.“When the spaceship was lifting off.I could really feel the high gravity”, said Yang LiWei.When the spaceship separated from the rocket, I suddenly got a feeling of soaring into the sky because of the zero gravity”.During the 21 – hour space flight, the Shenzhou V circled the earth 14 times.While the spaceship was circling the earth for the sixth time, Yang LiWei spoke with ground control in Gansu.He was also able to speak with his wife and 8-year-old son.Yang LiWei had several tasks to complete during the flight and only slept in the spaceship for about 3 hours.While he was sleeping, the spaceship circled the earth twice.When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang LiWei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.At 6:23 a.m.on October 16th, Yang LiWei landed in Inner Mongolia safely.He told reporters later.“The surface of the spaceship was glowing red when it came back into the earth‟s atmosphere.When Shenzhou V let out its parachute, I felt the ship was shaking,” As Yang LiWei returned into the earth‟s atmosphere, helicopters were flying to where he would land, ready to collect him.Millions of people all over China were watching TV when the spaceship landed safely.When Yang LiWei climbed out of the spaceship, he smiled and waved to the crowds waiting for him.Yang LiWei was happy to be home but he said, “I though 21 hours was too short to stay in space.”
国家英雄
中国第一艘载人飞船升空，在星期三上午9点，2003年10月15日在酒泉，甘肃省。宇宙飞船，“神舟五号，载着中国第一位宇航员，杨利伟。杨，谁在军队飞行员，是从1500名军事选择盯着他的太空飞行训练1998。发射非常成功。“太空船起飞时。我真的觉得高重力”，杨利伟说。当飞船与火箭分离，我突然有一种感觉，升入天空因为零重力”。
在21–小时的太空飞行，神舟五号绕地球转14圈。当飞船环绕地球第六次，杨利伟跟甘肃地面控制。他同时也能与他的妻子和8岁的儿子说。杨利伟有几个任务飞行期间完成，只能睡在船上约3小时。他睡觉时，飞船绕地球两圈。当飞船飞到第七圈时，杨利伟展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗，表达了中国人民和平开发、利用太空。
在十月十六日早上6:23，杨利伟在内蒙古安全着陆。他后来告诉记者。“宇宙飞船的表面发光的红色回到地球的大气层。神州5号释放降落伞时，我感到船摇晃，”杨利伟返回大气层时，直升机飞往他将着陆的地方，准备好接他。成千上万的中国人正在看电视时，飞船安全着陆。杨利伟走出飞船，他微笑着，等候他的人群挥手。杨利伟很高兴能回到家，他说，“我虽然很短，在太空停留21小时。”
Lesson 3
Sports Stars
VENUS AND SERENA WILLIAMS are sisters.They are also both tennis champions who often have to play each other!Venus is now eleventh in the world, and her younger sister Serena has moved up to third.The two sister were born in a poor and dangerous area of California.It was full of drugs and violence.In a recent interview, Venus spoke about the time when she and Serena were practising tennis and they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air.Finally, in 1991, the sister then they have never looked back.The sisters‟ father, Richard, started to train Venus and Serena when they were young children.He has always been very strict with his daughters, training them hard to compete against each they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.Today, both sisters are studying design at college.They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers come to an end.The sisters‟ road to success has been amazing.The first time Venus played in a big event was in 1996.Since then, she has won Wimbledon and the US open make fantastic progress.In 1999 and 2002 and 2003, she was the woman‟s singles champion at Wimbledon.Has tennis ever caused problems between the sisters? Fortunately, no.“We‟ve played each other before and it hadn‟t worried us yet!” says Venus.“If she wins,” Serena jokes, “Mama says she has to do the dishes!”
③体育明星
金星和小威廉姆斯是姐妹。他们也是网球冠军经常要打对方！金星现在在全世界的第十一，和她的妹妹塞雷娜已经上升到第三。
两个姐姐都出世在一个贫穷的、危险的地区加利福尼亚。这是充满毒品和暴力。在最近的一次采访中，维纳斯说，那时她和塞雷娜都练习打网球，他们不得不跑和子弹在空中穿梭隐藏。最后，在1991的妹妹，然后头也不回地。
这对姐妹的父亲，李察，开始训练金星和塞雷娜在他们年幼的孩子。他一直与他的女儿非常严格，训练他们很难对他们完成高中在发展他们的职业网球比赛。今天，姐妹俩都在大学学习设计。他们已经表示在网球生涯结束在设计工作的兴趣。这对姐妹的成功之路是惊人的。金星在一个大事件，第一次是在1996。自那时以来，她已经赢得温网和美网取得了惊人的进步。1999、2002和2003，她是女子单打冠军在温布尔登。曾引起姐妹之间的问题打网球吗？幸运的是，第“我们已经打了对方之前，它没有担心我们呢！“说金星。“如果她赢了，”塞雷娜说，“妈妈说她做的菜！“
Lesson 4
Superhero
Christopher Reeve was born in September, 1952.He was in his first school play when he was eight and he stared to act in TV shows and films while he was still in college.He made many successful films and TV shows but he is most famous for his Superman films.Unfortunately, disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke him to live.However, he made amazing progress.At first, he couldn‟t breathe without a machine, but he learnt to breathe on his own.He would never walk again but he stared a new life with great courage.The second year after hid accident, Christopher returned to film making.He also raised a lot of money to promote medical research into back injuries.He made speeches all over the USA about his experiences.This not only draw public attention to research into back injuries but also encouraged a lot of people living with all kinds of problems.From their home, Christopher and his wife Dana spoke about their life after the accident.Have you though of giving up after the accident?
“No.Four days after the injury, I came to understand my situation.My wife Dana and I were in the hospital.The doctor said I was not going to pull through, Dana said: „But you‟re still you, and I love you.‟ And that saved my life.Since that moment I have never thought of giving up.Of course, I‟ve had moments of felling sorry for committing suicide.”
Did you think that your marriage was so strong?
“Yes, because Dana‟s so wonderful.We have always got on really well.Our relationship has always been fantastic.”
How did your parents react to the accident?
“They divorced when I was four.They‟ve got closer since the accident.”
How did you get involved with charity work? “I know a lot of disabled people need my help.This is how I got involved with my charity work to improve the quality of life for all disabled people.”
“With the progress of new medical research, I‟m confident that people like me would be able to walk again one day.So you can see.I‟m far too busy with living to think of giving up!”
Christopher Reeve died on October 10, 2004.But people all over the world will always remember him as a superhero.④超级英雄
克里斯托弗里夫是天生的九月，1952。他在他的第一所学校打在他八岁的时候，他开始在电视节目中表演和电影时，他还在上大学。他做了许多成功的电影和电视节目，但他最著名的是他的超人电影。
不幸的是，灾难降临在1995时，他从马上摔下来，摔他活着。然而，他取得了惊人的进步。起初，他离不开呼吸机，但他了解到自己呼吸。他再也不能走路，他盯着新生活的勇气。
第二年后隐藏的事故，克里斯托弗回到了电影制作。他还提出了很多钱来促进背部受伤的医学研究。他各地讲述自己的亲身经历的美国。这不仅吸引公众的注意力研究背伤也鼓励了大量的各种问题的人生活。
从他们的家里，克里斯托弗和他的妻子Dana讲述了事故发生后他们的生活。你虽然放弃了事故发生后？
“受伤四天后，我才明白我的情况。我的妻子达娜和我在医院里。医生说我不会拉，Dana说：“但你还是你，我爱你，救了我的命。”。从那一刻起，我从未想过放弃。当然，我已经感觉对不起自杀的时刻。” 你认为你的婚姻是如此强烈？
“是的，达娜真棒。我们一直相处得很好。我们的关系一直都很好。” 你的父母是如何对事故的反应？
“我四岁的时候就离婚了。他们走近时由于事故。” 你是如何参与慈善工作吗？
“我知道很多残疾人需要我的帮助。这是我如何参加了慈善事业，提高残疾人的生活质量。”
“随着新的医学研究的进步，我相信像我这样的人可以走一整天了。所以你可以看到。我想放弃的生活太忙碌！“
克里斯托弗里夫于2004年10月10日去世。但是全世界的人民将永远记住他是一个超级英雄。
Culture Corner
Space Heros In the course of space exploration, 434 astronauts have made the journey into space.Men and women from nations all over the world have studied, trained and worked hard in order to go into space.Yet, it is not a job without risk and 20 of those people have died while in space or in space programme training.Yuri Gagarin
On April 12, 1961, Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space.He died only seven years later on March 27, 1968 in an air crash during a training session in the East of Moscow.Gregory Jarvis, Ronald McNair, Francis Scobee, Michael Smith, Judith Resnik Ellison Onizuka, Sharon MacAuliffe
On January 28, 1986, these seven American astronauts(five men and two women)died when the space shuttle Challenger exploded soon after launching.Among them was Sharon MacAuliffe, a high school teacher, who was to be the first teacher in space.Millions of people around the world and many students in primary and secondary schools saw the tragedy on TV.Chawla kalpana(USA), Rick Husband(USA), William McCool(USA), Michael Anderson(USA), Laurel Clark(USA), Ilan Ramon(Israel)
On February 1, 2003, 16 minutes before landing, the space shuttle Columbia exploded.The five men and two women crew, which included the first Indian born woman in space as well as Israel‟s first astronaut, all died.Here is part if US President Ronald Reagan‟s speech after the 1986 Challenger disaster:
“For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy.But we feel the loss, and we‟re thinking about you so very much.Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says,‟ Give me a challenge and I‟ll meet it with joy.‟ They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths.They wished to serve, and they did.They served all of us.”
文化角 航天英雄
在空间探索的过程中，434名宇航员进行太空之旅。来自世界各地的研究国家的男人和女人，训练和努力工作是为了进入太空。然而，这是不工作，没有人的风险和死亡20人而在空间或空间计划的培训。尤里加加林
1961年4月12日，俄罗斯太空宇航员尤里加加林成为第一个。他去世七年后对空难1968年3月27日在训练在莫斯科以东。
格雷戈瑞贾维斯，罗纳德•迪克斯科比，弗兰西斯，迈克尔史密斯，朱迪思尼克埃利森鬼冢，沙龙麦考利夫
1986年1月28日，这七名美国宇航员（五男两女）去世时，挑战者号航天飞机爆炸后不久，发射。其中沙龙麦考利夫，一个高中老师，谁是第一个进入太空的教师。世界各地的小学和中学的许多学生数百万人在电视上看到的悲剧。Chawla Kalpana（美国），瑞克丈夫（美国），威廉麦库尔（美国），迈克尔安德森（美国），桂克拉克（美国），宜兰拉蒙（以色列）
2003年2月1日，着陆前16分钟，哥伦比亚号航天飞机爆炸了。五男两女船员，包括印度第一个天生的女人在空间以及以色列的第一位宇航员，都死了。这里是如果美国总统罗纳德里根的演讲1986挑战者号灾难后：
“对于七的家庭，我们不能承受，因为你做了，这个悲剧的全部影响。但是我们感受到了损失，我们非常想念你们。你们的亲人勇敢无畏，他们的特殊的恩典，特别的精神，说，“给我一个挑战，我都会欣然接受。”他们渴望探索宇宙和发现真理。他们希望服务，和他们做的。他们为我们所有的人。”
Bulletin Board
A TV programme, Hero Show, is inviting student‟s opinions on what qualities heroes and heroines should have.Read the notice and the two responses.Then add your ideas on the board.Heroes and Heroines
What qualities should a hero or heroine have? Good looks, a kind heart, a special talent? Send your views to the Hero Show.Here you can share your ideas with other students and exchange photos about your heroes and heroines.Yao Ming is my hero.I think he‟s a fantastic basketball player … He not only plays basketball well, but he is also nice and friendly to his fans.He is the most successful Chinese basketball player who has joined NBA and is admired by Americans.I think he has won honour for our country.My grandma is my heroine.She‟s lived a hard life but still manages to be cheerful and kind to others.She also has a good memory and tells me what life was like when she was young.I‟ve learned a lot from listening to my grandma and want to thank her fir everything she‟s taught me.公告板
一个电视节目，是英雄，邀请学生的意见有什么品质的英雄应该。看，这两种反应。然后添加你的想法在板上。英雄
一个英雄应该具备什么素质？看起来很好，善良的心，一个特殊的人才？把你的意见向英雄展。在这里，你可以与其他学生和交流的照片，你的英雄分享你的想法。
姚明是我的英雄。我认为他是一个很棒的篮球运动员„„他不仅打篮球打得很好，但他对他的球迷也很友好。他是中国最成功的篮球球员加入NBA和敬佩的是美国人。我认为他已经为我们国家赢得了荣誉。
我的祖母是我的英雄。她过着艰苦的生活，但仍要开朗善良的人。她也有很好的记忆力，告诉我是什么样的生活时，她很年轻。我已经学到了很多从听我奶奶要感谢她的FIR一切她教我的。
本单元单词
镇静的，沉着的calm 慷慨的，大方的generous 暴力的violent 人物，性格character 太空船spaceship载人宇宙飞船manned spaceship 省province 宇航员astronauts 飞行，航班flight 发射launch 地心引力gravity升空，升腾soar 联合国the United Nations 探测，勘探explore 和平地，平静地peacefully 记者，通讯员report 发光glow 大气，气氛atmosphere降落伞parachute 直升机helicopter 百万million 数百万millions of 挥手示意wave 革命revolution建立，创立found共和国republic 电灯泡light bulb 意见，看法，主张opinion在我看来in my opinion就自己而言personally 种族主义racism平等的equal 斗争，拼搏struggle 抗议protest 游行示威；行军march 卓越的brilliant灵巧的，熟练的skilful（口）糟糕的，极度的awful 差劲的，无用的useless不平常的unusual 冠军chemical 暴力，暴行violence 子弹bullet 比赛，竞争compete 强烈的，渴望的keen 职业，一生的事业career 令人惊异的amazing竞赛，事件event 幸运地fortunately 运动员athlete超级英雄superhero 然后，后来afterwards 超人supermen 灾难disaster 独立地 on one’s own 促进，提升promote 伤害，损伤injury 放弃give up 开始（认识，理解）come to do something使从（受伤）中活下来；渡过难关pull through 犯（错误）干（坏事）commit 自杀commit suicide 融洽相处，进展get on 关系relationship 反应react 离婚divorce 涉及，参与involve 参加，参与get involved with慈善，施舍charity 质量，品质quality 残疾的disabled 自信的confident太，极为far too 别胡扯come off it 奥运会的Olympic 羽毛球badminton 钦佩，羡慕admire 完全地，绝对地dead（right）当然，绝对地absolutely 奖章，勋章medal 你所说的似乎有道理。You’ve got a point there！跳水，潜水dive
Unit 3
Lesson Festival
Autumn
Every year in September or October, the Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over the world.On this day, the moon is said to meet in the evening and watch the moon.The Mid-Autumn Festival is important because it is special occasion for family.It is also a day for special foods like moon cakes.There are all kinds of moon cake.Traditional moon cakes are usually made with bean paste, but nowadays, there are many different kinds of moon cakes including fruit, coffee, chocolate and even ice-cream moon cakes.Winter
The lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.It marks the end of the Chinese New Year celebrations.There are many stories about how the Lantern Festival stared.In one story, lanterns were lit to celebrate the power of light over darkness.In another story, a town was almost destroyed but the light from many lanterns saved it.The story was about a god who wanted to burn down the town.He was fooled when he saw thousands of lanterns.He thought the town was already burning.In the past, lanterns were usually lit by candles and decorated with picture of birds, animals and flowers, etc..Nowadays, most lanterns are made with light blubs and batteries, and they come in many shapes and sizes.In the north-eastern part of China, there are even ice-lanterns.The special food for the lantern festival is the sweet dumping.Sweet dumplings are boiled and served in hot water.Summer
The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year.As it is in early summer, it marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year.The tradition of the Dragon Boat Festival started more than 2,000 years ago.In the old days, dragon boat races were organised only by Chinese people from other cultures have also taken part in the races and enjoyed the fun.There is special food for the festival.It is called zongzi, which is sticky rice in fresh bamboo leaves.①节 秋天
在九月或十月的每一年，中秋节是全世界的中国人庆祝。在这一天，据说月亮在晚上见面，看月亮。
中秋节是重要的因为它是家庭特别的场合。这一天要吃月饼之类的特殊食品。有各种月饼。传统的月饼是用豆馅制成的，但如今，有许多不同种类的月饼，包括水果，咖啡，巧克力和冰淇淋月饼。冬天
元宵节是在农历的第一个月的第十五天。它标志着中国新年庆祝活动的结束。有很多故事关于元宵节的凝视。在一个故事中，灯笼被点燃，庆祝光明战胜黑暗的力量。在另一个故事，一个小镇几乎被摧毁了，但是从许多灯笼的光救了它。故事说的是有一个神仙想烧毁城镇。他愚弄了，当他看到成千上万的灯笼。他认为该镇已经燃烧。
在过去，灯笼通常点燃蜡烛和装饰画的鸟，动物和花卉，等。如今，大多数的灯笼轻Blubs和电池，和他们有不同的形状和尺寸。在中国的东北部，甚至有冰灯。元宵节的特殊的食物是甜的倾销。甜饺子煮熟，热水。夏天
端午节是在农历年的第五个月的第五天。它是在初夏，它标志着一年中最热的季节的开始。
端午节的传统开始于2000年前。在旧时代，龙舟比赛只被来自其他文化的中国人组织也参加龙舟赛，享受乐趣。
有这个节日的特殊食品。叫粽子，它是新鲜的竹子糯米叶。
Lesson 3
Weddings
Weddings in Indonesia
If a friend gets an invitation to a wedding, you can go with him/her, ever if you don‟t receive an invitation yourself.The times of the wedding ceremony and the reception are both on the invitation.However, you ought not to go to the ceremony because it is only for close family.If you really want to see it, you ought to ask first.Everyone can attend the reception afterwards.Nowadays, Indonesian woman don‟t have to caver their heads, but they usually wear traditional clother.There is a box at the entrance to the reception and you ought to put money into it!But don‟t worry, you don‟t have to contribute a lot of money.And remember – at most wedding receptions you can‟t drink alcohol.Greek weddings
On the day of a Greek wedding ceremony, the bridegroom has to ask the bride‟s father for his daughter‟s hand in marriage.The bridegroom‟s best man then goes with the couple to the church, to be married.During the church ceremony, the best man should help put crowns made of flowers on the heads of the bride and bridegroom.A long silk ribbon that links the crowns is a symbol of a long and happy life for the couple.After the ceremony, the guests can attend a wedding reception, which is usually a huge party and can last through the night.There is a lot of eating, drinking and dancing, including the famous Greek circle dance, where everyone joins in.During the reception, guests can throw dishes on the floor and put money on the bride‟s wedding dress for good luck.③婚礼
在印度尼西亚的婚礼
如果一个朋友收到婚礼请柬，你可以跟他一起去，即使你没有收到。
婚礼仪式的时间及婚宴的邀请。然而，你不应该去仪式，因为它仅仅是亲密的家庭。如果你真的想看到它，你应该先问一下。每个人都可以参加酒会之后。目前，印尼妇女不必探察洞穴的人他们的头，但他们通常穿着传统的衣服。有在招待会门口一个盒子，你应该把钱放进去！但别担心，你不一定要有很多钱。记住–在大多数婚礼接待你不喝酒。希腊婚礼
在希腊婚礼仪式上，新郎问新娘的父亲许配给他女儿的手。新郎的伴郎然后与夫妇到教堂，要结婚了。
在教堂婚礼上，伴郎要帮助把花冠戴在新郎和新娘的头。一个链接的冠长丝带是一对夫妇幸福长寿的象征。
仪式结束后，客人可以参加婚礼，通常是一个大型聚会，可以持续到晚上。有很多吃，喝和跳舞，其中包括著名的希腊圆圈舞，人人都会加入其中。宴会期间，客人可以把盘子摔碎在地板上，把钱花在新娘的婚纱的好运气。
Lesson 4
Christmas
Memories of Christmas
For me, Christmas always began in the middle of the cold, windy month of November.My sister, Alison, and I sat down in front of the fire and wrote a letter to Father Christmas telling him about all the presents we wanted.We seriously wrote “Father Christmas, the North pole on the envelope, before giving them to our mother to post.With December our excitement grew each day – as we opened the new year calendar, Christmas cards arrived in the post, Christmas lights appeared in the streets, and we attended the town carol service.And of course, there was snow everywhere.Enough snow to make snowmen, and to have exciting snowball fights in the school playground.On Christmas Eve, the whole family helped to decorate the house, put up the Christmas tree, the decorations and the balloons.Then, in the afternoon, when Auntie Kathleen and my two cousins arrived, everything was ready.Before we went to bed, we left some wine and biscuits for Father Christmas and then put our stockings at the end of our beds.We tries to stay awake as long as possible to see Father Christmas but the next thing we knew it was morning.Christmas morning!
At the bottom of the bed was the stocking, now full of kinds of small presents and sweets.Christmas morning was bright and I went out into the garden to play a lunch!Was bright and sunny and, after church, my with our new presents.Lunch was always late, but what a lunch!A big turkey with all the vegetables followed put so much food in my mouth sometimes that it was laughed at jokes, put on silly paper hats and laughed again.After lunch, the adults slept on the sofas in front of the Queen‟s speech on television whole we all played cards.Then we had tea, with a huge Christmas cake covered eating.By bedtime all of thr children were very tired.As soon as we turned off the light, we all fell into a deep, happy sleep.④圣诞节 圣诞回忆
对我来说，圣诞节总是开始在中间的冷，风的十一月。我的姐姐，艾丽森，和我坐在火炉前，写信给圣诞老人告诉他我们想要的礼物的一封信。我们认真地写了“圣诞老人，信封上的北极，然后交给妈妈寄。
十二月我们的兴奋与日俱增–为我们翻开了新的一年的日历，圣诞卡抵达后，圣诞灯出现在街头，我们参加了镇上的颂歌。当然，那里到处都是雪。足够堆雪人，并在学校的操场上有激动人心的打雪仗。
在平安夜，全家人帮助装饰房子，把圣诞树，圣诞装饰和气球。然后，在下午，当凯思琳阿姨和我的两个兄弟来了，一切都准备好了。我们睡觉之前，我们给圣诞老人留些酒和饼干，然后把袜子放在床底。我们试图尽可能长的保持清醒看到圣诞老人，但接下来我们知道它是早晨。圣诞节的早晨！
在床的底部是袜子，现在满的小礼物和糖果类。圣诞节的早晨阳光明媚，我到花园里去玩一个午餐！阳光明媚，礼拜后，我与我们的新礼物。午餐总是很晚，但午餐！与所有的蔬菜大火鸡然后把如此多的食物在我的嘴有时是讲着笑话，戴上傻傻的纸帽子，再笑。
午饭后，大人睡在女王演讲前的沙发上电视全我们打牌。然后我们喝茶，吃一个巨大的圣诞蛋糕覆盖。到睡觉的时候所有的孩子们都很累。当我们把灯关了，我们都陷入了深深的，幸福的睡眠。
Culture Corner
Happy Halloween!
Over 2000 years ago, people known as the Celts lived in Northern Europe.They worshipped the sun god and believed the god made their crops grow.On the night of 31 October, after their crops had been harvested and stored for winder, the Celts began a 3-day New Year holiday.During this time, they offered crops and dead animals to thank the god and danced in costumes made from animal heads and skin.Later, when the Romans invaded Europe.They adopted the Celts‟ New Year customs and used them in their own festivals.After 835 AD, the Catholic Church in Europe invented a holiday on 1 November, All Hallow‟s Day, to honour saints.Later, it invented another holiday on 2 November, All Souls‟ Day, to honour dead people.To celebrate All Souls‟ Day, people, made big bonfires and dressed up as angels, devils, saints and witches.They lit candles in lanterns made of hollowed-out turnip or pumpkin to frighten away ghosts.On this night, people also traveled from village to village to ask for food.It was believed that any village that did not give food would have bad luck.Gradually, over the years, the Celtic, Roman and Catholic customs and holidays got mixed together, and finally 31 October became known as Halloween.In the nineteenth century, Irish immigrants took Halloween customs from Europe to the USA.Today, in the USA and the UK in particular, Halloween has become a special occasion for young people.In these countries, children wear spooky costumes and go from door to door saying “Trick or treat!” and they are given sweets to take home.文化角 万圣节快乐！
2000多年前，人们称为凯尔特人居住在欧洲北部。他们崇拜太阳神，认为神造他们的作物生长。在10月31日夜，在庄稼已收割和储存的绕线机，凯尔特人开始了为期3天的新年假期。在这段时间内，他们提供的作物和动物尸体感谢上帝和从动物的头和皮服装跳舞。
后来，当罗马人入侵欧洲。他们采用了凯尔特人的新年习俗和使用他们自己的节日。在公元835年，欧洲的天主教了假日，在1十一月，万圣节，纪念圣徒。后来，它发明了另一个节日在十一月2，万灵节，纪念死去的人。为了庆祝万灵节，人，大篝火，装扮成天使，魔鬼，圣徒和巫婆。他们点燃蜡烛制成镂空的萝卜还是南瓜吓跑鬼灯笼。在这个晚上，人们也专程从村庄找食物。据认为，任何的村庄，不给食物会带来坏运气。
渐渐地，在过去的几年中，凯尔特人，罗马天主教的习俗和节日混合到一起，并最终成为被称为万圣节十月31。
在第十九世纪，爱尔兰移民把万圣节习俗从欧洲到美国。今天，在美国和英国，万圣节已经成为年轻人的一个特殊的场合。在这些国家，孩子们穿着怪异的服装和挨家挨户说“恶作剧还是款待！“给他们糖果带回家。
Bulletin Board
A travel agency is collecting information about the Chinese festivals for a group of foreign visiting students.Read the notice and the two responses.Then add information you know about on the board.Festival Collage
October 1 is the day when the People‟s Republic of China was founded.It is a national holidays.People have different activities to celebrate the day.There is always a huge public firework display on National Day.Sometimes there are parades and gatherings.Since it is one of the longest holidays in the year, for most people it‟s the time to get relaxed or go out of the city to travel.We‟re collecting information about the Chinese festivals for a group of visiting foreign students.Ideally, the information should include special customs, decorations or food used in celebrating Chinese festivals.If you would like to help us, contact Lisa Wang on 88889132.The Spring Festival is the most important holiday for the Chinese people.There are many traditional activities to celebrate the festival, such as to do a thorough cleaning to have a new look for the new year, to paste handwritten couplets on front doors to bring good luck, to conduct Yangge dance and lion dance to increase the festival atmosphere, to prepare a variety of foods to treat the family, friends and relatives.The festival lasts for 15 days.It‟s usually the biggest family gathering for most families, so everyone is supposed to go home to join the celebration.Train and airplane tickets are very difficult to get before the festival.公告板
旅行社是收集有关的一组外国访问学生信息的中国节日。看，这两种反应。然后添加信息，你知道在板。节拼贴
十月一日这一天时，中华人民共和国成立。它是一个国家的节日。不同的人有不同的活动来庆祝这一天。在国庆节总是有一个巨大的公共的焰火表演。有时也有游行和集会。因为它是一年中最长的假期，时间去放松或去出城旅行对大多数的人来说。
我们收集了一组来访的外国学生的中国节日的信息。理想的情况下，信息应包括特殊风俗，装饰或食品中使用的庆祝中国的节日。如果你想帮助我们，联系丽莎王88889132。
春节是中国人最重要的节日。有许多传统的活动来庆祝这一节日，如做一个彻底的清洗，有一个新的寻找新的一年，在门前贴上手写的对联带来好运气，开展秧歌、舞狮来增加节日的气氛，准备各种各样的食物，善待家人，朋友和亲戚。节日持续15天。它通常是大多数家庭的最大的家庭聚会，所以每个人都应该回家参加庆祝活动。火车、飞机票到节日前很难。
Literature Spot 1
A CHRISTMAS CAROL
It was Christmas Eve.Ebenezer Scrooge was in his office, the office of Scrooge and Marley.His clerk, poor Bob Cratchit, was working Suddenly, Scrooge‟s young nephew came into the office.“Hello uncle.Merry Christmas!” he said happily.“Do you want to come and have Christmas dinner with us tomorrow?” “Christmas?” Scrooge replied.“Bah!Humbug!” Scrooge hated Christmas and he refused his nephew‟s invitation for dinner on Christmas Day.His nephew went away.Later two men came to the office, asking for money for the poor.“Bah!Are there no prisons for these people?” Scrooge refused to give even a penny.Then, when it was time to close the office, Bob Cratchit asked for the day off, because it was Christmas.“All right,” Scrooge was sitting in front of his fire at home when, suddenly, he saw a ghost in front of him.“Who are you?” Scrooge asked nervously.“In life, I was Jacob Marley, your partner.I an wearing these chains and I can never be in peace, because when I lived, I only though about money.But I an here to help you.You have a change to escape my terrible destiny.Tonight he woke up.The figure of a strange old man appeared near his bed.“I am the Ghost of Christmas Past.Of your past,” it told Scrooge.The ghost took Scrooge to scenes of Christmas from the past.In one scene Scrooge saw himself as a boy at school.He was reading a book.All the other boys had gone home for Christmas.In another scene Scrooge saw himself as a young man.He was talking to his girlfriend, who he didn‟t marry because she didn‟t have any money.Scrooge began to feel sadder and sadder.“Stop!Show me no more!” he cried.Finally the ghost brought him home and Scrooge fell asleep again.Later that night, Scrooge woke up again.“I am the Ghost of Christmas present.Look at me!” said the second ghost, laughing.He was a large man with a beard, wearing a green robe.He took Scrooge to the house of Bob Cratchit and his family.It was cold in the house and Bob and his family were sitting around a very small Christmas pudding.“What a wonderful pudding.Merry Christmas everyone!” cried Bob.Scrooge felt sad, because he could see ho poor the Cratchits were.Bob‟s smallest child, Tiny Tim, was weak and ill.The ghost finally took Scrooge to a very poor area of London.There were two poor children?” he asked the ghost, who repeated what Scrooge had said before.“Are there no prisons?” The ghost laughed and disappeared.Then, the third ghost appeared.He was dressed in black and looked…
“Are you the Ghost of Christmas Future?” Scrooge asked nervously.The ghost did not answer.It took Scrooge and showed him scenes of the future.In one people were talking about Scrooge‟s death, but not one person was unhappy about it.The ghost also took him to the Cratchit family.The family was very sad.The little boy, Tiny Tim, him died.The next morning Scrooge opened his window and asked, “What day is it today?”
“Why sir, it‟s Christmas Day,” replied a young boy in the street.“Merry Christmas!Merry Christmas!” He wished everybody he saw Merry Christmas.He met the man who had asked for money for the poor and gave him a large sum of money.Scrooge then went and visited his nephew and had the best Christmas dinner in his life.The next day he went to his office early.He waited for Bob Cratchit.“You are late!” said Scrooge in an angry voice.“Yes, I‟m very sorry…” replied poor Bob.“In that case, I‟m afraid I‟m going to…increase your salary!Merry Christmas, Bob!”
From that day, Scrooge was the happiest man in the world.He gave money to the poor.He helped Bob Cratchit‟s family.And people always said of him: “he knew how to celebrate Christmas.”
文学现场1 圣诞颂歌
这是平安夜。斯克鲁奇是在他的办公室，办公室的史克鲁奇和马利。他的职员，可怜的鲍勃Cratchit，正突然，史高基的侄子走进办公室。“你好，叔叔。圣诞快乐！”他高兴地说。“你想来吃圣诞晚餐我们明天？“
“圣诞节吗？“吝啬鬼回答说。“呸！骗子！“斯克鲁奇讨厌圣诞节，他拒绝了他侄子的邀请，在圣诞节的晚餐。
他的侄子就走了。之后两人来到办公室，要求钱给穷人。“呸！有这些人没有监狱？“他甚至拒绝给一分钱。
然后，当到了关门的时间了，鲍勃Cratchit要求休假，因为今天是圣诞节。“好吧，”他坐在他面前的火在家的时候，突然，他看到在他前面有一个幽灵。你是谁？“他紧张地问。
“在生活中，我是雅各伯马利，你的伴侣。我穿着这些链和我不能平静，因为我活着的时候，我只想到钱。但我在这里帮助你。你有一个改变逃不过我的可怕的命运。今晚他醒来。一个奇怪的老人的身影出现在他的床上。
“我是以前的圣诞鬼魂。你的过去，”它告诉Scrooge。鬼魂带着斯克罗吉场景从圣诞节过去。在一个场景中，他看到自己在学校的男孩。他正在读一本书。其他的男孩都有圣诞节回家。在另一个场景史克鲁奇看到自己作为一个年轻人。他跟他的女朋友说话时，他没有结婚，因为她没钱。史克鲁奇开始感到悲伤和悲伤。“停止！我没有更多的！“他喊道。最后，鬼带他回家，他又睡着了。那天晚上，他再次醒来。
“我是圣诞老人的礼物。看着我。“第二个鬼说，笑。他是一个有胡子的大男人，穿着一件绿色的长袍。他把司克洛奇的房子Cratchit鲍伯和他的家人。在那所房子里很冷，鲍勃和他的家人围坐在一个很小的圣诞布丁。“多好的布丁。大家圣诞快乐！“鲍勃哭了。
史克鲁奇感到很伤心，因为他可以看看可怜的Cratchits。鲍勃最小的孩子，小提姆，是软弱和生病的。鬼终于带着他到一个非常贫穷的地区，伦敦。有两个可怜的孩子？“他问鬼，谁重复克鲁奇说之前。“有没有监狱？“鬼笑了，消失了。然后，第三鬼。他穿着黑衣服，看„ “你是未来的圣诞鬼魂？“他紧张地问。
鬼魂没有回答。它带着斯克罗吉和未来的场景展示了他。在一个人们都在谈论他的死亡，但没有一个人不高兴。鬼也把他带到柯家。家里很难过。小男孩，小提姆，他死了。
第二天早晨，他打开了窗户，问，“今天是什么日子？“ “为什么先生，今天是圣诞节，”一个小男孩在街上说。
“圣诞快乐！圣诞快乐！“他希望大家看到圣诞快乐。他遇到过谁的钱给穷人，给了他一大笔钱的人。斯克罗吉再去探望他的侄子和他生命中最美好的圣诞晚餐。第二天，他去他的办公室早。他等待着鲍勃Cratchit。“你迟到了！“他在一个愤怒的声音说。“是的，我很抱歉„„”可怜的鲍勃。
“这样的话，恐怕我要增加你的工资„！圣诞快乐，鲍勃！“
从那一天，在世界上他是最幸福的人。他给穷人钱。他帮bob的家庭。人们总是说他：“他知道如何庆祝圣诞节。”
本单元单词
授课时间:40分钟
教学内容:北师大版高中英语必修4 Unit 10 Lesson 3 When less is more
本课例获得山东省2016年高中英语德育优秀课例展评活动高二年级组一等奖第一名。
一、教学分析
(一) 教学内容分析
本课例的教学文本选自北师大版高中英语必修4 Unit 10 Lesson 3 When less is more, 本单元的主题为Money。语篇主要通过与学生探讨5元钱的作用, 以黄河水土流失严重这一事实为依托, 让学生意识到5元零花钱可以买一棵小树保护黄河水土, 发展当地经济, 改善人民生活。通过阅读语篇引领学生树立正确的消费观, 希望学生能够从身边的小事做起, 树立社会责任感。
话题的切入点是5元零钱的作用。第一段提出5元钱办不了多少事情, 只能买些零食, 然后提出“何不用5元钱买棵树呢?”以引起学生的兴趣。第二段描述黄河水土流失的原因以及给当地居民造成的影响。第三段提出保护黄河是每一个人应尽的义务和责任的观点。第四、五段解释5元钱是如何给黄河以及当地人民带来好处的。经过前几段内容的铺垫, 最后一段总结升华, 呼吁学生正确使用自己微不足道的零花钱, 如将其用在植树造林、建设绿色家园以及共创美好未来的伟大事业中。
文章结构清晰, 语言地道, 浅显易懂。从内容上看, 教师可以从语言技能、学习能力、文化品格、思维品质等英语核心素养方面着手设计教学目标, 培养学生的综合英语语言能力。文本所体现的英语课堂上的德育渗透功能十分明显, 且与学生实际生活密切相关。基于文本材料, 通过相关课堂活动设计, 可以在更高层次上升华对学生的德育渗透。
(二) 学情分析
授课对象是山东省青岛市第五十八中学高二学生。通过课前5分钟的交流, 笔者了解到学生整体语言素养比较高, 已具备一定的阅读能力和阅读技巧。笔者设计了一部分具有开放性和挑战性的教学活动, 在课堂上根据学生的具体反应灵活应对, 充分利用生成性资源。
(三) 教学目标
基于体现英语学科核心素养的要求制订本堂课的教学目标。课堂活动从语言技能、学习能力、文化品格、思维品质等方面整体设计, 综合叙写。
1. 语言能力
(1) 学生能够用英语表达对“Your Money—when less is more”的深层理解;
(2) 学生能够通过对文本的理解有效猜测生词;
(3) 学生能够对文章中相关的观点进行评价;
(4) 学生能够以小组合作的形式设计出自己的“less is more”项目, 升华文本主题。
2. 文化品格
(1) 学生能够意识到保护母亲河———黄河的重要意义;
(2) 学生能够树立较强的环保意识和社会责任感。
3. 思维品质
(1) 学生能够升华、拓展对文本主题“less is more”的深层理解;
(2) 学生能够形成正确的金钱观;
(3) 学生能够树立帮助他人的意识和保护环境的社会责任感。
4. 学习能力
(1) 学生能够运用skimming、scanning阅读技巧获得文章的大意和细节信息;
(2) 学生能够根据语境理解并猜测生词词义;
(3) 学生能够通过阅读理解文本背后的深层意义, 如正确的金钱观和社会责任感等。
二、教学设计思路
(一) 备课思维过程
本次活动是高中英语阅读教学德育渗透优秀课例展评, 强调教师在教授语言知识的同时, 还要实现立德树人的德育渗透目的。笔者在备课过程中根据文本的特点, 在设计英语语言学习活动的同时, 凸显出立德树人的教育目的, 把德育润物细无声地渗透在英语课堂中。如何将二者有机结合是笔者在备课过程中所主要考虑的。
(二) 课堂教学活动
本堂课主要设计了以下几个教学活动 (见图1) :
教学设计分为读前、读中和读后三个环节, 笔者在每个环节中都设计了相应的阅读任务。阅读任务的设计既基于文本特点, 又高于文本。活动设计既符合学生实际, 又具有开放性, 以便于在完成阅读任务的同时渗透德育。
三、教学过程
(一) Before reading
Step 1:Warming up
关于零花钱, 笔者组织学生进行ST free talk活动。提问:“How much pocket money do you usually get from parents?”“What do you usually do with it?”“If you have 5 yuan left, what will you do with it?How to make your less money into more?”
【设计意图】通过讨论与学生日常生活相关的“零花钱”问题, 激发学生的兴趣, 活跃课堂, 拉近了师生之间的距离。同时, 通过free talk让学生进行热身活动, 然后导入本课主题。
(二) While reading
Step 2:Skimming
The passage is mainly about changing 5 yuan into more by___________________. (Tip:When reading for main idea, topic sentence or key information should be focused.)
【设计意图】在一堂阅读课中, 读是进行信息输入的必要手段。阅读中既要有阅读的目的, 也就是任务, 又要注意阅读技巧的训练和体现。通过快读的形式让学生找到文章的main idea, 有助于学生对文章的主题和结构有一个整体的理解和把握。
Step 3:Scanning
Task 1:Get facts about the Yellow River (见图2)
【设计意图】文章的主题虽然是5元钱的作用, 但5元钱所带来的巨大好处是通过列举黄河水土流失的严重性反衬出来的。学生通过精读细节, 加深了对文章主题“Your money—when less is more”的理解。在讲解的过程中, 通过引导学生猜测生词erosion, approximately的意思, 训练学生的猜词技能。另外, 本活动在培养学生学习能力的同时, 提高了学生保护黄河的责任意识;在服务于主题理解的同时, 又培养了学生的文化品格和思维品质。
Task 2:Free talk
1. Who should play the most important role in stop-ping Yellow River erosion?
2. Do all the people believe that stopping Yellow River erosion should be done by us?
3. Which one do you support?Why (not) ?
【设计意图】该活动的主要目的是阅读文本, 让学生找出“谁应该承担保护黄河水土流失的责任”的不同观点, 并以此为切入点, 让学生发表自己的看法, 对文章中的不同观点进行评价。教师则根据学生的反馈信息和课堂情况, 帮助学生树立正确的价值观, 渗透德育。
Task 3:How can 5 yuan work?
With 5 yuan, we can buy a tree→make soil stay on the land→grow crops→make a living→earn money→buy goods and services→develop local economies
【设计意图】通过精读, 以关键词的形式让学生找出5元钱能够做哪些事情。其目的是让学生从整体上对5元钱的作用及起作用的方式有个清楚的感知, 并由此引出作者想通过文章对学生进行德育渗透:So when you have 5 yuan in your pocket next time, think twice about how to use the money.Remember you can use it to buy a tree and create a green future for our motherland, our people and yourself.通过齐读的方式, 让学生加深对文本的理解。
(三) After reading
Step 4:Deep thinking
Task:Enjoy a short video about“less is more”, and then have a deep understanding of the title.
【设计意图】通过欣赏联合国公益宣传视频“没用的5分钱”, 让学生体会小小的5分钱的作用———可以帮助贫困地区的孩子喝上两天干净的水;可以买一本书, 让孩子们重返校园等, 以加深学生对文本的理解, 同时拓展、提高学生的思维品质和学习能力。另外, 以头脑风暴的形式让学生说出“小钱”可以带来的好处, 深化主题理解, 强化德育渗透, 引导学生树立正确的人生观和价值观。
Step 5:Group work
Task:Design your own“less is more”project to call on people around you to join in your project, and offer their“less”, then change their“less”into“more”.
【设计意图】通过小组合作的形式让学生以“less is more”为主题, 设计类似于希望工程的宣传海报。在小组活动之前, 笔者给出提前设计好的海报, 要求学生按照模板, 设计出海报的主题、内容、方式和目的, 以及海报的LOGO。该活动的目的是升华文本的主题, 让学生通过学习和理解文本, 真正从小事做起, 肩负起社会责任, 不仅自己要去做, 还要呼吁身边的人积极参与。
Step 6:Summary
【设计意图】Moral lesson既是对整堂课的总结, 又是对文本主题的升华, 同时强化了德育渗透。以“爱的奉献”的音乐为背景, 总结升华文本主题———A drop of water can make a sea;a tree can de-velop into a forest.As long as everybody starts from less, the world will become better and better。最后, 全班学生大声喊出“Let’s start from less”, 结束整堂课。
Step 7:Assignment
【设计意图】作业分为两部分:一是让学生课下上网查询更多关于lessismore的信息, 这一部分是文本的延伸阅读, 进一步加深学生对文本主题的深层理解;二是让学生以写作的形式去发现自己日常生活中遇到的lessismore的事例, 并在下堂课以speech的形式与全班同学分享。这两部分作业内容既紧扣课堂教学目标, 又高于文本;既源于文本, 又升华了主题。
结束语
【关键词】翻译专业；英语语音； 问题与对策
一、前言
语音教学是英语教学中的一个重要环节，是英语学习的第一步，也是整个英语学习的基础。它同学生听、说、读、写四方面技能的发展有着极为密切的联系，良好的语音语调可以帮助学生提高英语整体水平，如提高单词记忆效率，增强语感，掌握句子语序以及语法规则，欣赏英语诗歌散文等。语音对英语听力水平的提高更有直接的关系，Rubbin （1994） 提出影响听能的五大障碍，指出说话者的发音特征为其中之一。因此能说一口地道的英语，有利于学生自信心的培养，同时也会为学生将来从事跨文化的交流活动打下坚实的基础。本文在前人研究的基础上，通过对翻译专业一年级学生语音情况调查及分析，对所产生的问题进行了总结归纳，并提出完善语音教学的建议，对语音教学有着重要的借鉴意义。
在翻译专业教学教学实践中，笔者发现，来自各地的学生语音基础有很大的差别。英语语音好的学生可谓凤毛麟角，绝大多数学生的语音都存在或多或少的问题：发音不标准，不能正确拼读单词，朗读时不注意连读、失去爆破、节奏等。影响学生英语语音表达的因素有很多方面，如学生通过以笔试为主的高考进入高校进行专业学习，因此在语音训练方面花费的时间和精力不够；有些学生来自大城市的外语学校，入学时就已经具有比较好的语音基础；有些学生的发音不够地道，带有明显的地方口音；还有些学生，由于在语音学习的初级阶段受到师资、教学设备等条件的影响和制约，语音基础不扎实。
因此，如果不打好英语语音基础、不重视英语语音的矫正，即使学生语言素质再好，也势必影响翻译专业学生在未来翻译活动中各方面的发展。针对这种情况，笔者对理工科大学生翻译专业一年级学生语音问题进行了调查与分析，以找出其症结所在，并针对教学现状提出建议，以期提高翻译专业学生英语语音水准及英语语音教学的整体水平。
二、研究方法
（一）调查对象
本研究的调查对象是华北电力大学翻译专业一年级学生，目前为我校翻译专业本科阶段第一届学生。相比历年我校英语专业招生情况，本届学生第一志愿录取率远远高于二志愿录取率，因此学生语言的基本素质较好。同时，由于面向全国招生，因此学生英语语音发音也各有特点，且容易出现地方口音影响英语发音的情况。
（二）调查工具
为了更全面地了解和指导翻译专业学生的语音学习，结合学期测验情况，笔者在华北电力大学翻译专业学生中做了一次关于语音习得的现状和需求调查及访谈，以了解在这一阶段语音教学的情况及不足之处，并提高翻译专业的语音教学。问卷调查在我校翻译专业共26名学生中进行，收回有效问卷26份，问卷调查分三个层次：学生对语音的认识、学生的语音情况、语音教学及学习的改进的建议和措施，问卷还针对学生对于各层次的理解和认识还划分了0～10共十一个级别，从客观上可以看出学生普遍的学习情况和倾向。
三、结果与讨论
调查共收到26份有效问卷。
从结果中我们可以看出，在英语语音地位方面，大多数翻译专业学生都认为英语语音学习极为重要，但他们对语音训练的重视程度还是不够。在英语语音学习所占自己学习时间比重上，共有14名学生选择了“6～10”，占全部学生人数的53%。因此在人数比重上并没有特别明显的优势，说明学生的语音训练时间及时长上还需加强。
在英语语音习得方面，共有16名学生认为自己主要通过看英文电影或听英文歌曲辅助学习英文，占全班人数的64%，说明学生课外学习英语语音比重较大，教师仅起到指导作用。
在音段音位上，学生普遍都认为尽管自己能发出大部分元音与辅音，但是个别元音和辅音还需要长时间训练才能有所提高。在超音段音位方面尤其是节奏与连读，大部分学生认为比较困难。此外，在调查问卷中学生普遍没有反映失去爆破的问题，对失去爆破的重视程度不高同样这会使他们在听力中对单词辨认程度减弱。
在英语语音初次接触学习阶段，12名学生从小学或更早开始系统得接触语音知识，占全班人数的46%；10名学生从初中开始系统得接触语音知识，占全班人数的38%；4名学生之前从未系统得接触过语音知识，占全班人数的16%。根据Steinberg的研究，控制发音器官的运动神经技能在10岁到12岁时开始衰退，所以儿童学习第二语言的发音有绝对的优势。笔者认为大部分学生系统得接触英语语音知识较早，因此，对英语语音知识有一定的认识。然而，在学期测验中，学生元音和辅音这两类基础知识和基本技能还是或多或少有一些问题。在对学生的访谈中，大多数学生反映在小学、中学阶段，虽然接触到了语音知识，但是教师不重视语音训练，这使他们在语音形成的关键时期没有获得良好的训练及提高，导致他们语音基础还不够扎实。
在生源地调查方面，翻译专业学生来自全国各地，各地的方言也制约了他们的语音语调。虽然，大部分学生感觉自己能正确发出元音与辅音，方言对英语发音影响不大。但在学期测验中，不少学生发音并不标准，方言影响明显，如重庆、贵州、广东、广西等地学生不能区分[l]与[n]，因为[l]与[n]在他们的方言中是等同的，他们总会把“light”同“night”混淆。
四、启示与建议
在教学过程中，教师应当有加强教学的针对性及侧重点。针对翻译专业学生的语音学习经历、英语语音水准因材施教。如打破传统按部就班的教学模式，将重音与节奏贯穿于整个学期的教学活动中，以帮助学生提高英语语音语感及语言表达的流利程度。
其次，应采取课堂教学和课外辅导相结合的教学模式。通过问卷调查，不难看出课外学习对学生语音提高的重要性。因此，可根据学生的具体情况，采取集中或个别的课外辅导，以帮助学生强化课堂所授语音知识和技能。
另外，教师也必须不断得进行英语语音训练、积极参加语音教学方面的论坛、会议等，以吸收借鉴先进的教学理念和教学方法，如“直接教学法”， “听说教学法” 及“交际教学法”等提高教学效果。此外，教师还应营造更多的英语语言氛围，如举行演讲赛、辩论赛、诗歌比赛等辅助学生提高对英语语言知识的理解和运用。
这样，通过全方位的英语语音教学，翻译专业学生的英语语音基础将会进一步得到夯实。对学生将来口语表达，特别是口译实践方面起到相当积极的作用。
参考文献：
[1]何善芬. 英语语音教学中英汉对比的几个方面[J]. 外国语，1987.
[2]桂灿昆. 音位理论及其在英语语音口语教学中的应用[J]. 外国语，1980.
[3]罗立胜、张莱湘. 英语语音教学的回顾及对目前英语语音教学的几点建议[J]. 外语与外语教学，2002（10）.
[4]肖靖. 关于非英语专业开设英语语音课的若干思考[J]. 教育与职业，2006（8）.
[5]张冠林. 大学一年级英语语音练习手册[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2006.
沿湄公河而下的旅行
第一部分 梦想与计划
我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。两年前，她买了一辆价钱昂贵的山地自行车，然后她还说服我也买了一辆。去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟—在昆明读大学的刀伟和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，流经其他国家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅行产生了兴趣。到大学毕业后，我们终于有了作一次骑车旅行的机会。我问姐姐：“我们要去哪里?”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行的是我的姐姐。现在，她正为这次旅行制订计划。
我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个严重的缺点，她有时确实很固执。尽管她对到某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要把这次旅行安排的尽善尽美。现在我知道了这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我老是问她：“我们什么时候动身?什么时候回来?”我问她是否已经看过地图。当然她并没有看过，我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是我告诉她湄公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神—这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。当我告诉她我们的旅行将从5000多米的的高地出发时，她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难，而且天气会很冷时，她却说这将是一次很有趣的经历。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，就什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。
2. 比起开车，我同桌更喜欢骑自行车。(prefer to do rather than do)
3. 这是我哥第二次用英语和别人交流。(this is the second time that…)
4. 即使我们发现完成这个任务有点难，我们还是提前完成了它。(even if; schedule; it形式宾语)
5. 信不信由你，没有标准英语这样东西。
6. 我们班主任是一个很容易相处的人，因为她可靠，诚实且关心别人。(get along with;care about)
7. 曾经我梦想成为一名科学家，但现在我对医学变得痴迷。(there was a time; dream of; be crazy about)
8. 自从来，安吉县的汽车数量增长迅速。(ever since; the number of;increase)
9. 圣诞节快到了，孩子们迫不及待想庆祝了。
10.老师坚持我们写日记来记下这次有趣的经历。(insist; keep a diary; set down)
11. 就我而言，环境对一个人的成长起着重要的作用(in my view; growth; environment; play a part)。
12. 我堂姐星期五要去西湖。这是她第三次去那里了。(be doing; this is the … time that…)
13. 他坚定的表情告诉我们，谁都无法改变他的想法。(change one’s mind)
14、妈妈坚持认为我应该在10点以前睡觉。(insist)
15、地震发生的时候我叔叔正在楼上睡觉。(when)
16、一旦她来组织这次活动，你就知道她是一个很固执但很有决心的人。(once; determined)
17、直到她再次被一家公司拒绝，她才意识到学习一门外语的重要性。(It was not until… that…;realize the importance of… )
18、越来越多的人在为环境和污染感到担忧。(be concerned about)
19、---你的学习情况最近如何?(get along with)---我在拼写上有点困难。(have trouble with/doing sth)
20、比起看电视，大部分青少年更喜欢上网。(prefer )
21. 这位法官精通3门外语。(judge; command)
22. 因为生病，校长没有参加会议。(because of; present at)
23. 我妹妹有许多兴趣爱好，比如听音乐，看书，骑自行车等。
24. 众所周知，天气在农业中起着重要作用。
25. 从宁波大学毕业后，我阿姨就一直在那家公司上班。(ever since; graduate from; have been doing)
26、地理对方言的形成起着重要的作用。它被认为是最主要的因素。(be recognized as the main factor)
27、有段时间我感到非常孤独，因为我在交友上有困难。
28. 我堂姐最终劝服我去沿着整条河骑自行车。(persuade, cycle)
30. 她下决心要考上浙江大学(be determined to)。她从小就梦想着上一所好的大学。(dream about)
31、她在这个计划的成功上起着重要的作用。
32、我爸爸下个月要去美国参加一个重要的会议。10点的飞机。(be doing; take off)
33、随着我们渐渐长大，我们对事的态度会发生改变。
34、有许多矿工被埋在废墟里。士兵们、医生们立即被派去拯救他们。(bury; rescue)
35、这次可怕的地震使许多孩子无家可归,而且，有大量的房屋被破坏。(leave; destroy; a great number of)
36、医生们建议受伤的人立即被送往中心医院。(suggest; the injured; right away)
37、从她脸上的表情来看，她现在过着幸福的生活。(judging from; lead a … life)
38、这是四川省第三次发生地震了。
39、自然灾难有很多，比如地震，台风(typhoon)，洪水，，旱灾(drought)等等。
40、这次严重的事故造成很多乘客受伤或死亡。有些死者的身份很难识别。现场令人恐惧。
41、并非所有的学生都对画画感兴趣。
42、电梯坏了，你们最好马上请人修一下。对于我们这些住在顶上的人来说，电梯真是太重要了。
43、她尚未从痛苦中恢复过来。从她脸上的表情就可以看出来。
44、如果你能给我一些如何学好英语的建议，我将不甚感激。
45、我们正打算去溜狗的时候天开始下雨了。(be about to do….)
46、奇怪的事情不断地发生，但河北人民没有对它引起重视。(think little of)
47、我们提前完成了老师给我们的任务，这一点让老师很兴奋。
48、作为高中生，你应该充分利用你的业余时间来丰富知识。
49、美满的婚姻是建立在相互信任的基础上的。(marry? Marriage? be based on ; mutual trust)
50、即使我已经失败多次了，我还是不会向困难低头的。(even if; give in to)
51、老师要求我们必须掌握这个词语的用法。(request; have a good command of; )
52、我真的希望你能接受我的建议，这对你学好英语口语有帮助。
53、我邻居最终说服他女儿改变了主意。(persuade; change one’s mind)
54、她的西班牙语说的如此流利以致于大家公认她是天才。(so… that…; recognise… to be a genius)
55、他太兴奋而不能表达他对警察的感谢。(too… to;)
56、他被困在电梯里的时候感到极度恐惧。(trap)
57、我认为与同学们友好相处是有好处的。(find it good …)
58、这部电影是以张爱玲写的小说为基础的。(be based on)
59、根据调查，现在在中国学习英语的人数在迅速增长。(according to; the number of; )
60、大学毕业后，我们终于有了这个骑自行车旅行的机会。
61、首先我想感谢我的朋友，是你们与我患难与共。我为你们骄傲。(express my thanks to; be proud of)
62、我对你的态度取决于你对我的态度。(be determined by)
63、昨天我偶遇一位老同学。但她变化如此之大以至于刚开始我没认出她。(so… that…; recognize)
64、渐渐地，这位来自非洲的小伙子和本地人相处得很好了。
Book1 unit 1
1.他是一个小偷，因此他总是把自己藏起来，否则就会被警察抓到。
He is a thief so he always hides himself or he will be caught by policeman.2.每天我们不得不做一系列我们不愿意做的事情。
Everyday we have to do a series of things which we are unwilling to do.3.这是我第一次看见广州塔。
It is the first time that I have seen Guangzhou Tower.Book1 unit 2
1.为什么英语会随着时间的推移而改变呢？Why has English changed over time?
2.事实上，语言的改变和发展是文化与文化相互交流的结果。
Actually, languages change and develop as the result of cultures communicating with each other.3.到16世纪末期为止，大约5到7百万人说英语，他们中的大部分住在英格兰（用定语
从句）
At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English, most of whom lived in England.4.在过去10年，这个偏远的小山村发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes took place in the small distant village in the past/last ten years.5.到1600’s为止，莎士比亚能够比以前利用更广泛的词汇。
By 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.6.信不信由你，那些认为英语在交流中不重要的人最后不得不承认自己是错的。
Believe it or not, those who thought English wasn’t important in communication finally had to admit that they were wrong.Book 1 unit 3
1.我从早上七点起就一直在办公室工作
I have worked(I have been working)in the office since seven o’clock in the morning.2.我才是你真正的朋友。（强调句）It is I who/that am your best friend.3.她实现了做一名优秀模特的梦想.She realized her dream of becoming a good model.Book 1 unit 4
1.他经常想象在空中飞翔。He often imagines flying in the sky.2.看起来会议没完没了It seemed as if the meeting would never end.3.他没敲门就闯了进来，把在场的每个人都吓着了。
He burst into the room without knocking at the door, which frightened everybody present.Book1 unit 5
1.只有当你失败的时候才能意识到努力的重要性。
Only when you fail can you realize the importance of working hard.2.这个由Mandela发起的组织一成立我就加入了。
I joined the organization which was organized by Mandela as soon as it was set up.3.正是他无私的帮助使我度过了人生中最困难的时期。
It was his selfless help that made me spend the most difficult period of my life.4.Bill Gates是世界上最富有的人之一，建立了他自己的微软公司。
Bill Gates who is one of the richest man in the world set up his own Microsoft company.5.对工作的全身心投入使她很少有空余时间和孩子呆在一起。
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