道歉信 日语（共6篇）
范文1 会议通知（会議開催の案内状）
各課連絡会議開催の件
部課長各位
下記のとおり各課連絡会議を開催しますので、ご出席ください。1．日 時 ○○月○○日（月）午前１０時～１２時 2．場 所 本社 ５階小会議室 3．内 容
(1)営業活動の見直しについて(2)関連企業との協力態勢の見直しについて(3)○○○方針の決定(4)その他
4．用 意 各課の勤務表を持参のこと。
＊ 欠席の場合は、○○月○○日までに田中までご連絡ください。
また、分からないことがあったら田中まで。
それでは、当日お会いしましょう。
総務部 佐藤
范文2人事调动的通知（人事異動の通知書）
人事異動のお知らせ
各位
この度、定期の人事異動により、下記の通り配置転換が行なわれましたので、お知らせいたします。1.田中 ○○ ○○○部長に就任 ??（前○○○部長）2.佐藤 ○○ ○○○部長に就任 ?（前○○○課長）
なお発令は平成○○年○○月○○日とする。以上です。
人事部 小野 緑
范文3 迎新会的通知（新入社員歓迎会の案内書）
新入社員歓迎会について
各位
総務部の田中です。
今年は8名の新入社員（男性5名、女性3名）が入社します。4月1日の入社式の後1ヶ月の研修に入りますが、下記のとおり新入社員歓迎会を開きます。奮ってご参加ください。
記 1.日時 4月7日午後7時～午後9時 2.場所 ○○会議室
なお、営業部?総務部?制作部から2名の当番を出し、会場の準備をお願いします。当番の集合は午後6時30分です。
以上です。
総務部 田中
范文4 汇款的通知（振込みのお知らせ）
振込みのご連絡です。
○○株式会社
○○様
いつもお世話になっております。
株式会社○○ ○○です。
○○月○○日付けでいただきましたご請求分につきまして、○○月○○日（○曜日）に、○○銀行○○支店貴社口座に振り込ませていただきました。
ご確認の上、ご査収くださいますようお願い申し上げます。
取り急ぎまして、振込みのご連絡まで。
どうぞよろしくお願い申し上げます。======================= 株式会社○○
経理部
tel：03-1234-5678 ○○○○
======================= 范5夏季休假的通知（夏季休暇のお知らせ）
夏季休暇のお知らせ
社員各位
下記のとおり、本年度の夏季休暇を実施するので通知します。1.実施期間平成○○年○○月○○日から同○○月○○日まで 2.休暇日数 上記期間中に各人○○日 3.実施要領（１）夏季休暇は有給休暇とします。
（２）業務に支障ないよう、各課ごとに調整を行うこと。4.その他 ○○○○
本件に関する問い合わせ先 ○○部○○課○○係 田中一郎 ======================= ○○部 ○○課
○○係 田中一郎
メール?ドレス ○○○○@○○○○.○○○
内線○○○○
======================= 范文6年终联欢会的通知（忘年会のご案内）
忘年会のご案内
社員各位
下記のとおり、一年の労をねぎらい楽しいひとときを過ごすための忘年会を行いますのでご参加ください。1.日 時平成○○年○○月○○日
午後○○時○○分～午後○○時○○分 2.場 所 ○○県○○市○○町
○○ホテル 2階
3.会 費 ○○○○円
なお、会場準備の都合がありますので、○○月○○日までにご出欠のほどをお知らせくださいますようお願いします。======================= ○○部○○課 ○○ ○○
tel：（内線）○○○
======================= 2.感谢类邮件(お礼のメール)范文1 向介绍人致谢（仲介へのお礼）
【お礼】○○様とお会いすることになりました。
○○部部長
○○様
○○部中村です。
先日は○○社人事担当○○様をご紹介いただき、ありがとうございました。
早速連絡を取らせていただいたところ、「××部長のご紹介であれば」とのことで、迅速にご調整くださり、今週金曜日に会社にお伺いすることになりました。
今後の進捗状況につきましても、随時ご報告いたします。
取り急ぎ、ご紹介いただきましたお礼まで申し上げます。
どうもありがとうございました。======================= ○○株式会社
○○部
内線○○○○
中村道
======================= 范文2 病假后的复职感谢（復職お礼：病休)本日より出社いたしました。
人事部部長
○○様
○○部 铃木です。病気療養中は、なにかとご心配、ご迷惑をおかけいたしました。
おかげさまで、本日より出社できるようになりました。
今後は健康に留意しつつ、心機一転、仕事に励みたいと思っております。どうぞよろしくお願い申し上げます。==================== ○○株式会社
○○部
内線○○○○
鈴木新一
==================== 3.请求类邮件（依頼メール）
范文1 请求撰写稿件（原稿執筆のお願い）
原稿執筆のお願い
○○様
広報部の中野です。篇二：apologize letter 英文致歉信 例文 商务英语 apologize letter __ business english_ by lqy dear sir or madam, i’m writing this letter to apologize to you.i’m so sorry that we made a mistake about the shipment of vacuum cleaners.those vacuum cleaners we sent to you were meant to be sent to european countries, but as the old worker was retired, the new one wasn’t so experienced.besides, the model number and the price of goods in march and july are so similar that the worker mistaken them.i do apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you and i will try my best to avoid the same accident happening again.篇三：日文商务信函实例范文
ビジネスレターの実例集
商务信函的实例范文
大连理工大学出版社 大连理工大学电子音像出版社
目 录 1 社交?儀礼上のビジネスレター
社交和礼仪方面的商务信函 ····················· 1（1）あいさつ状
问候信 ························································································· 1 创立纪念日问候信 ···································································································· 1 中元赠礼信函 ············································································································ 2 年终赠礼信函 ············································································································ 3 新公司成立问候信 ···································································································· 4 公司搬迁问候信 ········································································································ 5 公司更名问候信 ········································································································ 6 工厂竣工问候信 ········································································································ 7 卸任问候信 ················································································································ 8 调任问候信 ················································································································ 9 社长就任问候信 ······································································································ 10 业务合作问候信 ······································································································ 11 公司合并问候信 ······································································································ 12（2）通知状?案内状
通知书· 邀请函 ····························································· 13 慰劳旅行邀请函 ······································································································ 13 股东大会邀请函 ······································································································ 14 新产品发表展示会邀请函 ······················································································ 15 事业说明会邀请函 ·································································································· 16 公司说明会邀请函 ·································································································· 17 酬宾销售邀请函 ······································································································ 18 告别仪式通知 ·········································································································· 19 葬礼通知 ·················································································································· 20（3）招待状
宴请函 ······························································································· 21 公司创立庆典宴请函 ······························································································ 21 设立新公司庆典宴请函 ·························································································· 22 社长就任宴会邀请函 ······························································································ 23 1 年终宴会邀请函 ······································································································ 24（4）お祝い状
贺函 ······························································································· 25 祝贺设立新公司 ······································································································ 25 祝贺社长就任 ·········································································································· 26 祝贺高升?晋级 ······································································································ 27 祝贺结婚 ·················································································································· 28 祝贺开设新店 ·········································································································· 29 祝贺新年 ·················································································································· 30（5）礼状?哀悼弔慰状 感谢信·慰问信·唁函 ··············································· 31 年终感谢信 ·············································································································· 31 中元感谢信 ·············································································································· 32 祝贺社长就任信函 ·································································································· 33 祝贺开店信函 ·········································································································· 34 祝贺公司总部迁移信函 ·························································································· 35 祝贺公司总部竣工信函 ·························································································· 36 地震慰问感谢信 ······································································································ 37 在职中承蒙关照的信函 ·························································································· 38 唁函 ·························································································································· 39 2 取引上のビジネスレター 交易方面的商务信函 ··········································· 40（1）通知状 通知函 ······························································································· 40 寄送文件通知 ·········································································································· 40 发货通知 ·················································································································· 41 到货通知 ·················································································································· 42 寄送商品目录通知 ·································································································· 43 寄送样品通知 ·········································································································· 44 寄送账单通知 ·········································································································· 45 寄送估价单通知 ······································································································ 46 估价单范文 ·············································································································· 47 变更电话号码通知 ·································································································· 48 变更银行存款户头通知 ·························································································· 49 变更付款日期通知 ·································································································· 50 商品脱销通知 ·········································································································· 51 变更价格通知 ·········································································································· 52 汇款通知 ·················································································································· 53 面试通知 ·················································································································· 54 2 录取结果通知（录取）·························································································· 55 录取结果通知（未录取）······················································································ 56 临时停业通知 ·········································································································· 57 变换负责人通知 ······································································································ 58（2）依頼状?照会状
委托书·咨询函 ······························································· 59 订单 ·························································································································· 59 追加订单 ·················································································································· 60 订单范文 ·················································································································· 61 制造商委托销售代理店开展新业务 ······································································ 62 签订销售代理合同的请求 ······················································································ 63 请求寄送资料 ·········································································································· 64 请求寄送估价单 ······································································································ 65 咨询交易条件 ·········································································································· 66 咨询尚未到达的订货 ······························································································ 67 请求介绍客户 ·········································································································· 68 请求协助销售宣传事宜 ·························································································· 69 请求介绍人际关系 ·································································································· 70 请求资金援助 ·········································································································· 71 请求讲演 ·················································································································· 72 请求参观工厂 ·········································································································· 73 请求商谈 ·················································································································· 74 请求委托销售 ·········································································································· 75 请求增资 ·················································································································· 76 请求替换次品 ·········································································································· 77 请求修改订购量 ······································································································ 78 请求融资 ·················································································································· 79 咨询到货事宜 ·········································································································· 80 咨询汇款事宜 ·········································································································· 81 咨询商品库存信息 ·································································································· 82 咨询赊销金余额信息 ······························································································ 83（3）交渉状
交涉信 ······························································································· 84 要求降低采购价格（1）························································································ 84 要求降低采购价格（2）························································································ 85 对要求降低采购价格的答复 ·················································································· 86 要求修改报价 ·········································································································· 87 要求缩短交货期 ······································································································ 88 3 要求放宽交易条件 ·································································································· 89 要求提高商品价格 ·································································································· 90 要求延期付款（1）································································································ 91 要求延期付款（2）································································································ 92 要求延期交货 ·········································································································· 93（4）承諾状
承诺信 ······························································································· 94 同意捐助 ·················································································································· 94 同意参观工厂 ·········································································································· 95 同意经销商的合同 ·································································································· 96 同意新业务交易 ······································································································ 97 同意订货 ·················································································································· 98 同意降低采购价格 ·································································································· 99 同意融资 ················································································································ 100 同意退货 ················································································································ 101 同意延期交货 ········································································································ 102 同意延期交付货款 ································································································ 103（5）断り状
拒绝信 ····························································································· 104 拒绝新业务交易 ···································································································· 104 拒绝就任董事 ········································································································ 105 拒绝报价阶段的订货 ···························································································· 106 拒绝融资 ················································································································ 107 拒绝放宽交易条件（期票交易）········································································ 108 拒绝延期交货 ········································································································ 109 由于缺货不接受订货 ···························································································· 110 拒绝降低结算价格 ································································································ 111 拒绝参观工厂的请求 ···························································································· 112 拒绝展销会设展位 ································································································ 113（6）取り消し状
撤消信 ····················································································· 114 撤消订货 ················································································································ 114 撤消采购 ················································································································ 115 由于迟交货物撤消订货 ························································································ 116 由于不按期付款撤消签约 ···················································································· 117 撤消租用写字楼的签约 ························································································ 118 撤消入会事宜 ········································································································ 119 取消入职录用 ········································································································ 120 4篇四：商务日语
《商贸日语》课程教学大纲
课程名称（英文）：商贸日语
课程代码：0306709 课程类别：专业基础平台课程
学时：34学时
学分：2学分
考核方式：考试
适用对象：专科 一．课程简介
从经贸专业和实务工作及日语语言的角度比较全面的介绍涉外经贸的主要业务范畴、形式、特征以及内涵，以及在阅读，理解和翻译等方面的知识和技巧。
二．教学目的及要求
《商务日语》课程的教学目的与任务是，通过本课程的学习，使学生获取国际贸易、企业经营与管理的基本概念、基本理论，了解和掌握商务活动与经营管理领域的专业术语、表达方式，掌握商务活动中常见文件的书写格式和商务谈判的技巧等，最终达到较准确地运用日语从事商务活动的目的。
在本课程的教学过程中，要始终坚持把课堂教学和市场就业结合起来，把理论教学和岗位实践结合起来，为学生毕业后顺利走上工作岗位，提升他们在人才市场的核心竞争力打下坚实基础。
三．教学重点及难点 1.词汇：领会式掌握国际经贸、经营管理、金融投资、财会统计等方面的常见单词和词组约1,500个，2.阅读能力：能顺利阅读不低于中等难度的商务专业的各类文章，速度达到60—100字／分；在阅读难度略低、生词总数不超过4％的材料时，速度应达到120字／分，理解准确率不低于80%。3.听解能力：对商务用语、句子不太复杂、基本上无生词、语速150字/分的语言材料，一遍可以听懂，理解的准确率不低于80％。4.说的能力：在国际贸易或企业经营管理工作中能就所涉及的业务较为准确地表达自己的思想。
5.翻译能力：能借助工具书将与课文难度相仿的文章译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意。笔译速度达每小时约800个日文印刷字数。6.写的能力：能借助工具书，写出常见的商务文件(如买卖合同、意向书、索赔书、邀请函等)，内容连贯，层次分明，段落适当，文理通顺。7.商务知识：了解贸易、财会、经营管理和金融投资方面的基本概念和基本知识，对所学内容的掌握应注意系统性和实用性。
四．与其他课程的关系
先修课程: 《基础日语》《日语会话》
五．教学内容
第１课 貿易手順、ビジネス文書の種類?形式と挨拶文書作成要領（2学时）1-1貿易手順、ビジネス文書の種類?形式 1-2挨拶文書作成要領 1-3練習と実践 1-3-1会話練習
1-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生能够掌握一般的贸易程序，商务文书的种类和类型，学会问候式文书的写作要领。
本单元教学重点及难点：贸易程序；问候式文书的写作要领；陪同客人参观时的基本会话
第2课 パートナー探し（2学时）2-1パートナー探しの要旨 2-2紹介?推薦文書作成要領 2-3練習と実践 2-3-1会話練習
2-3-2練習問題 本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生领会寻找合作伙伴时的注意事项，以及介绍信或推荐信的书写要领。
本单元教学重点及难点：寻求合作伙伴的注意事项；介绍信及推荐信的书写要领；如何向客人进行商品介绍
第3课 取引促進のためのインビテーション（2学时）3-1商務訪問要旨
3-2招待状?招聘状作成要領 3-3練習と実践 3-3-1会話練習
3-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生领会商务访问的注意事项，并学会书写邀请函等
本单元教学重点及难点：商务访问的注意事项；邀请函的书写要领；拜访客户的应对方法。
第4课 カタログとサンプル送付（2学时）4-1依頼要旨
4-2依頼文書作成要領 4-3練習と実践 4-3-1会話練習
4-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生能够理解发出申请的主旨，掌握申请书的书写方法
本单元教学重点及难点：发出申请的注意事项；申请书的书写格式；如何向其他公司提出申请
第5课 引き合い（2学时）5-1引き合い要旨
5-2照会文書作成要領 5-3練習と実践 5-3-1会話練習
5-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生掌握照会时的注意事项，照会文书的书写方法
本单元教学重点及难点：照会时的注意事项；各种照会文书的书写方法；有关相关内容的商谈对应方法
第6课フォーム?オフゔー（2学时）6-1オフゔー要旨
6-2回答文書作成要旨 6-3練習と実践 6-3-1会話練習
6-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生掌握报价的注意事项，实盘与虚盘的区别，以及应答类文书的种类和书写规范
本单元教学重点及难点：报价的注意事项；应答类文书的书写方法；如何向客户报价
第7课 カウンター?オフゔーとフゔーム?ビッド（2学时）7-1取引交渉要旨
7-2交渉文書作成要領 7-3練習と実践 7-3-1会話練習
7-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生能够理解交涉时的注意事项，并掌握交涉文书的书写规则。
本单元教学重点及难点：交涉时的注意事项；交涉类文书的书写方法；具体交涉时的相关对应方法
第8课 オーダー（2学时）8-1オーダー要旨
8-2オーダー文書作成要領 8-3練習と実践 8-3-1会話練習
8-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生掌握订货时的注意事项，以及与订货相关的文书的写法。
本单元教学重点及难点：订货的注意事项；订货单等相关文书的写法；与订货相关的会话练习
第9课 契約（2学时）9-1契約要旨
9-2契約書作成要領 9-3練習と実践 9-3-1会話練習
9-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生理解合同制定时的注意事项，并掌握合同以
及同合同相关的文书书写规范。
本单元教学重点及难点：合同作成时的注意事项；合同及相关文书的书写规则；与合同内容相关的会话内容
第10课 決済（2学时）10-1決済要旨 10-2決済方式 10-3練習と実践 10-3-1会話練習
10-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生理解结算时的注意事项和结算方式，并掌握与结算相关的文书书写规范。
本单元教学重点及难点：结算时的注意事项；结算单及相关文书的书写规则；与支付方法相关的会话内容
第11课 l/c（2学时）11-1 l/c要旨 11-2 l/c決済要領 11-3練習と実践 11-3-1会話練習
11-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生理解信用证概念和信用证结算的注意事项，并掌握与开设信用证相关的文书写作要领。本单元教学重点及难点：信用证支付的注意事项；开设信用证的文书书写规则；与分期支付相关的会话内容
第12课 運送と納期（2学时）12-1 運送と納期要旨
12-2 通知文書と変更文書の作成要領 12-3練習と実践 12-3-1会話練習
12-3-2練習問題
本单元教学目的及要求：要求学生理解货物运输和交货期的注意事项，并掌握与通知和变更类文书书写规范。
本单元教学重点及难点：货物运送和交货期限的注意事项；通知和变更类文书篇五：商务日语邮件规范和技巧
商务日语邮件规范和技巧
最近比较闲，就归纳了一下商务日语邮件的规范和技巧。主要的参考资料是平野友朗先生的mail技巧和规范讲座（）、以及之前玩过的nds游戏「恥がかからないように正しいビジネスマネー」（强烈推荐需要跟日本酱打交道的同学们去玩一下，genki公司07年1月出的游戏，在同类的商务礼仪游戏中算是素质很高的了。）
因为平野先生是以日本人同士间的商务往来为前提条件来做的教材，所以有很多非常日本化的礼节在中日之间并不重要，作为中国人，我们也可能很难理解这些做法，所以我主要是以自己在实际与日本同事和客人交流中常用的用法、和常见的需要注意的地方为主线，穿插一些平野先生的举例来说明。
算是与各位分享，也算是给自己的一个学习总结。
一、格式
邮件的格式没有书信那么麻烦，主要就以下几点
·收件人的名字：写清对方称谓，外部客户一定要加「様」
·开头问候：?先日はありがとうございました。?はじめまして。?いつも○○をご利用くださり、ありがとうございます。?初めてメールをお送りさせていただきます。?突然のメール、失礼いたします。?ご無沙汰しております。
?お忙しいところ、恐れ入ります。
·自报家门：自我介绍
·正文概要提示：推荐正文前放一个起头 ?本日のお打ち合わせの結果について、ご報告申し上げます。?先日のお礼を申し上げたく、ご連絡させていただきました。
?○○の件についてお詫び申し上げたく、メールをお送りさせていただきました。
·正文：字体：ms pgothic 10或者12，我推荐10，这个字与字之间间隔较大，日本人用得比较多。
语法：对客户用敬语，一般用です型。
格式：多空行，每行不超过35个字，多用标点，或用记号、划线和颜色。·结束问候：?お手間をかけますが、ご確認をよろしくお願いします。?今後ともよろしくお願いいたします。?ご協力のほど、よろしくお願いいたします。?ご検討くださいますようお願いいたします。?とり急ぎご連絡（ご報告）まで。?以上、用件のみ申し上げます。?何卒よろしくお願い申し上げます。
·签名：姓名、职位、公司、地址、联系方式。
具体可参考下图：
二、需注意事项
※邮件名称和发件人名称
在这个垃圾邮件横行的年代，如果诸君的邮件名称与发件人名称看起来很囧。即使你真的有重要的消息，即使你只是山寨的垃圾邮件，收件人也基本会将其判定为spam而按下x键，让你的邮件再也见不到太阳。
为了避免这样的悲剧发生，我们需要使用明确的邮件名称和正统的显示名称。
① 邮件名：常被便当的邮件名往往是这样的：
「お問い合わせ」
「こんにちは」
「」
「ご連絡」
「」
看上去煞有其事，其实是垃圾邮件的常见标题。
所以我们需要在主题中写清邮件的大致内容，比如「○○番号サンプルの送付について」「
見積の件」「○○製品の本番進捗」「春節休みのお知らせ」。
尽量具体点，只要让对方想起来还有这么回事就没问题。
② 另外一个很容易被我们忽略的地方，“显示发件人名”。
这是指我们给对方发信时，在对方电脑上显示出的我们的名字。
可以在outlook的工具→电子邮件帐户中，通过更改“我的名字”来实现。发给日本人最好用汉字。
┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅
※写信和回信的时机
写信的时机
◇与客户开会完毕后马上发邮件
「今日はありがとうございました」 然后跟邮件一起把会议记录发给客户。しっかり ◇随时报告工作进度
細かい進捗報告をメールで入れる。丁寧
◇被推荐去看某书
「本を読みましたよ」という感想メールとお礼を送る。素直
◇看到客户可能会感兴趣的报道
「○○さんにいち早くお知らせしました」と転送する。気が利く
回信的时机
商务中的时间是非常关键的，迅速地回复邮件是最理想的状态。但事实的情况是，很多时候，我们都会面临需要对邮件进行优先处理的选择中。我们可以用时间管理法来分析平野老师的例子。
※我们可以先学一下一下这张第4代时间管理方法，以此来决定我们回复邮件的先后。
也就是我们所谓的重要和紧急的问题。
※然后再来看一下我对这些邮件的分类。
怎么样，这样处理的先后就一目了然了吧。ps：每个人的情况不同，结果不是固定的，我这个也只是一个参考。┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅
※贯彻高效邮件处理法
听着挺虚的吧，说实话我最不要听“提高效率”这种话了，要提高到什么程度，怎么提高？ 没有一个标准和执行方法，通通都是空话。
所以我们来具体看看怎么高效法
①快捷输入法：
这个操作很简单，看下图图示：
用微软自带的ime，里面输入读音，按空格键直接出现一串，就像一般打单词一样的道理。我用这个方法试了一下，实在是非常地便利。用平野老师的计算方法，如果每天需要回复10封邮件的话，一年起码可以节省10个钟头的工作时间。
「すみません」是日本最流行的“挨拶言葉”, 是日本人最爱使用的道歉用语。据说「すみません」是????的郑重否定形式。????有“完结、完了”, “可以解决”等意思。其否定是便产生了“道歉”的意思。但是也有人说「すみません」的原型是「心がすまない」, 表示“不放心”、“内心无法平静”的意思。由此发展为“对不起”、“道歉”的意思。
例:
(1) A:勉強中なので少し静かにしてくださいませんか。B:どうもすみません。
(2) ご迷惑をおかけしてことにすみません。
(3) 昨日は夜分遅くお電話してしまってどうもすみませんでした。
除此之外, 日语中还有「ごめん、ごめんなさい、ごめんください」「申し訳ありません」「失礼します」等都表示道歉。
二、日语中感谢的表达方式
1、纯粹的感谢表达
日本人在接受他人的帮助、关照、和款待时或接受他人的帮助、关照和款待后一定会表示感谢。这种场合最常用的一句话就是「ありがとう」或「ありがとうございました」。
「ありがとう」实际源自具有宗教背景的「有難し」。对此, 日本语言学家岩浏悦太郎是这样解释的「世にも極めてまれなことは神や仏の力で実現させることが多い。いわゆる奇跡が起こる。霊験あらたかである。そういう場合に神仏の前で‘有難し’と手を合わせて拝む」 (世上极其罕见的事是靠神佛的力量实现的。即所谓奇迹就是神佛显灵。这时要在神佛面前双手合十, 顶礼膜拜。说一声“谢谢”) 。其实这句话最早就是用来赞颂神佛的。其基本含义是表示极难实现的事情实现时的喜悦心情, 借以表示对神佛保佑的感激。那么在现代日语中, 这句话已被广泛的使用在感谢场合了。当对现场发生的事件或持续反复的事态表示感激之意时, 用“どうもありがとうございます”;对于事态终了或已结束一段时间后, 一般使用“どうもありがとうございました”。例:
(1) A:大したもんじゃないですが、どうぞ。B:どうもありがとうございます。
(2) A:はい、これ。明日のチッケとです。B:あ、ありがとうございます。
日本人在收到他人的帮助、恩惠或款待时不仅当时要表示感谢, 而且在下一次再见面时也一定要表示对上次所受到恩惠的感谢。这种场合惯用的「挨拶言葉」有「昨日はどうも」、「先日はどうも」等。对身份对位高的人应该使用「先日はどうもありがとうございました」、「先日はご馳走様でした」等。
2、道歉式的感谢表达
「すみません」除了表示道歉之外, 还常常用来表示“喜悦+内疚”的复杂心情, 表示对对方的真诚谢意。这是因为日本人在接受对方的好意和恩惠在表示感谢的同时, 还常常认为由于对方给予自己的好意而为对方增添了负担或麻烦, 他们担心如果自己不在表示感谢的同时再加上道歉之意, 就会让对方误认为自己不懂礼节。于是就用「すみません」表示会把对方的好意铭刻于心。
例:
(1) A:忘れましたよ、傘。B:あ、どうもすみません。
(2) A:ちょっとそれを取っていただけませんか。B:はい、どうぞ。A:どうもすみません。
以上两个例子能够看出来, 在 (1) 的场景中, 由于自己忘记拿伞, 而被别人提醒, 这时不仅要向对方表达感激之情, 同时还必须加上因为麻烦对方提醒自己而产生的内疚之情。同理, 在 (2) 的场景中因为麻烦别人帮自己递东西, 那么在向对方表示感谢之意之余还应该带有内疚之感, 这样才不会对对方失礼。
与「すみません」这样表达歉意式的感谢方法相比, 「ありがとう」强调的是说话者本身的喜悦、感激之情, 是因为自己受益喜悦之极产生的, 而使用「すみません」在表示感激、喜悦之情的同时, 还认为为了给自己好意而使对方遭受麻烦而产生的内疚之情。这样的表达方式更加能够站在对方的立场上去考虑, 同时给人的印象也更加谦虚、谨慎。在这种心理的支配下, 日本人认为使用「すみません」更能表达出自己既感激又内疚的心情。表达类似的心理的说法还有「お心遣い恐れ入ります」、「ご丁寧に恐れ入ります」、「お手数をおかけいたしました」、「お面倒をおかけしました」等。
3、不能使用「すみません」表示感谢的场合
虽然使用「すみません」等表示感谢时的语气轻松, 给人以谦虚和亲切之感, 是提高语言礼貌程度的有效手段。但是并不是就可以认为任何场合都可以使用「すみません」来表示感谢。比如:
(1) A:昇進おめでとう。B:どうもありがとうございます。
(2) A:お悔やみ申し上げます。B:ありがとうございます。
上述对话中, B是向A表示祝贺和吊唁的。这种场合下, A和B具有共同的感情, 根本不存在对B来说是喜悦、感激的状态而对A实造成麻烦或产生不利的事实, 所以这种共感型对话只能使用「ありがとう (ございます) 」。
(3) 車掌:毎度ご乗車ありがとうございます。
(4) A:5000円いただきます。B:毎度ありがとうございます。
(3) 的场景中是售票员向乘客表示感谢, (4) 的场景中是店员向顾客表示感谢。乘客乘车交钱, 顾客买东西付款是一般的社会常理, 不是给对方造成麻烦或带来不便的问题。在这种情况先, 也只能使用「ありがとう (ございます) 」。
三、道歉式感谢表达所反映的日本文化特征
我们汉语中都可以用“谢谢”来表达的场合, 日语有时却要使用「すみません」来表达呢, 说到底还是和日本以和为贵的文化分不开的。日本自弥生时代以来的两千多年基本上过着安定有序的生活, 而维持这种安定有序生活的基础就是以和为贵的精神。可以说以和为贵是日本民族文化的核心。这种“和”表现在人际关系方面就是非常重视礼仪。日本人包括在表示感谢时选择怎样的表达形式都体现了这一点。他们在感谢时也是站在非己的、事物自然发展的立场上从接收者或第三者表达思想感情。在表示感激、喜悦之情的同时, 还认为为了给自己好意而使对方遭受麻烦而产生的内疚之情。正是因为考虑到这些所以选择「すみません」代替「ありがとう」, 这样会使对方更乐于接受。
感谢是世界文化中所共有的一种礼貌行为, 是对他人帮助的认可和赞美。得体、体贴的表达感谢可以使交际者双方感到温暖、亲切。相反, 不得体、措词不当的感谢会对致谢人和听话人双方的“面子”产生负面的影响。由于各国文化的差异在跨文化交际中表达感谢时, 常常出现各种各样的误解与障碍, 致使交际失败, 偶尔甚至出现交际冲突。因此, 在今后的日语教学中, 我们应该在课堂中的教学内容中时刻注意这些跨文化的导入, 同时, 还需要进行课堂教学改革, 探索适当的课堂教学模式, 以培养学生的跨文化交际能力。
参考文献
[1]彭广陆.综合日语[M].北京大学出版社, 2010.
[2]赵刚.会话分析对比研究[M].西安交通大学出版社, 2004.
11月21日，工信部就360与腾讯之争对两家公司进行通报批评，称对网友“不负责任”，并责令两家公司停止互相攻击，恢复软件相互兼容，保证用户使用，要求双方于5日内向社会公开道歉。当天晚上，腾讯与360便颇为“识相”地向社会各界公布了他们的道歉信。
腾讯依然在走“情感路线”，在题目为《和你在一起》的道歉信中，腾讯承认其在作出所谓“艰难的决定”之前，并没有充分考虑用户的利益，但除此之外，更多的笔墨被用来描述自己的无辜和“正义”，对于在整场战争中所犯的错误，并没有真正地直面。
更让人觉得不可理喻的是，“360劫持QQ用户恶性事件”攻击性的专题，依然被挂在腾讯网上最醒目的位置，并未把工信部的话放在眼里。通过这封道歉信，不仅看不出腾讯丁点诚意，相反还会发现它在为自己的“愚昧”行为继续辩驳，名为道歉，实则在狡辩，试图挑起更大的争端。作为中国最大的互联网企业，并未展现出应有的胸怀。
与腾讯的态度相比较，360的道歉信则走的是“理智路线”。除了文章中仅有的一句“对不起”，360对于外界的声讨和自省只字未提，甚至还回到了当初的企业宣传，“高品质安全服务”、“专业品质，免费安全”等标榜360产品的字样通篇可见，怎么看都像是在为自己做广告，让人忘了这其实是一份“道歉信”。
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これを機に旧に倍しまして社業に励み、皆様のご期待に添うよう努力いたす所存でございますので、今後とも一層のご支援ご指導のほどお願い申し上げます。 まずはとり急ぎご挨拶申し上げます。
最新给同事的道歉信
尊敬的公司领导：您好!怀着深深的歉意向您递交我的书面致歉信。十分抱歉让您在百忙之中还要处理我的事情!关于5月15日我在公司与吴同事争吵并发生肢体冲突的事件，事情的经过大致是这样的：吴同事之前联系的客户因为不太满意公司的订单的一条细则，要求重新修改订单。吴同事按照公司业务规章，或许是考虑重新修改太过麻烦。不予可以重新修改，我见此情况，为了挽留客户就督促吴同事尽快按照客户要求重新修订。就这样几句言语不和，我开始与吴同事谩骂起来。争吵的经过大致是这样的。针对此次事件，我知道影响恶劣，首先是在客户面前发生这样的事情，对于公司的形象是一次严重的摧残。其次，此次事件暴露出我原先就跟吴同事存在不合纠纷，最后通过这样一次口角爆发出问题。领导，在此我真的觉得很对不起。这件事整体来看，还是我先动的口角，主要责任在于我。为此，我要对您做深深的道歉。我向您发誓，我保证今后再也不会跟同事争吵了，我今后遇事都退一步，这样就可以海阔天空。我要好好反省这次错误，尽快地向你递交此次错误的检查。为了更好更快地翻过这一页，我要尽量跟吴同事修补回关了一个良好的公司工作同事关系而努力。此致：
给同事的道歉信
给同事的道歉信范文
同事：每次参加完培训，我都像是充了电，可是这次回来心里老是不舒服，还是没有修炼好，又有伙伴要离开，责怪自己没能做的再好些。感觉对不起大家，如果觉得温暖就不会离开，如果还有留恋就不会离开，对不起，我没做好。如果取得信任就不会让你们这么放弃，如果你们可以看到希望就不会放弃，抱歉，我没做好。真心向离开的伙伴们道歉，我应该做好的。有一天我做好了，请你们回来一起战斗......还在一起工作的伙伴们，虽然我们会有分歧，虽然我们会有矛盾，虽然有时我们彼此觉得没法沟通，虽然我们会觉得疲惫，虽然我们会有不安，虽然我们有不同的人生经历，可是 我们走在了一起，我们是一家人，家人需要理解，互相帮助，安慰，我们都有一颗温暖的心，我们需要彼此感受那份爱，不要再离开，任何一种情感都不是轻易培养出来的，不要轻易放弃，珍惜我们的友情，珍惜我们的时光，除了家人，爱人，我们是在一起时间最久的人，这时间是人生中最宝贵的，只要在一起，我们可以走的更远......怎么写给同事的道歉信
在一起一年多了，对自己的所作所为感到很惭愧。现在，我只能说:对不起，不希望你能原谅我。是我的错。我不应该没有学会抽烟喝酒，因为我不会抽烟喝酒，讨厌香烟的味道，所以我不能融入你的朋友圈，我不能像他们一样肮脏。是我的错。你的朋友来同居的时候我就不该主动找他们聊天，也没能成全楼主的友情。是我的错。我不应该总是给你买便宜不到100元的化妆品，我总是自己买，不问你喜不喜欢。是我的错，但是我不应该因为你月经不调，内分泌失调而到处咨询别人，还特意买了阿胶给你吃，让你的皮肤变得又白又红又嫩，但是因为你的皮肤变白，让其他斑点更加明显，以至于你总是抱怨我什么都不会买。我真傻，没有像你一样把异性朋友带回来住在一起，无视别人的优越感，甚至没有避免在房间里和他们混在一起的嫌疑而是把我男朋友扔了出去，因为你说你和你的朋友都是这样的，你可以问你信不信，但我从来没问过是不是真的。我太傻了，直到十一二点才和你这样的异性朋友在外面玩，因为你说你以前也是这样生活的，没毛病，但是我和你一起钓鱼很久了。我错了。我不仅要注意我妹妹学习注册的钱，还要偿还我朋友借我妹妹学习注册的钱。如果我给你很少的钱，你就可以去超市买很多东西，但是现在你很少去了。我错了。我不应该告诉你食物很好吃，即使是咸的，也应该是刚刚好。很好吃。我错了。你说我负责洗碗后，我不应该总是洗碗。我应该主动说吃完饭再洗碗。我错了。我没有意识到男朋友应该给女朋友钱。一个男人如何努力挣钱，对女朋友来说根本不重要。女朋友应该待在家里等男朋友养。只有当他们是真正的男女朋友，他们才能胜任。我错了。我不应该回去在电脑上发泄情绪和烦恼。我应该陪你，看你玩电脑，看少女战士，因为我根本不应该有烦恼。我只能求你原谅我浪费了你一年的青春。这是我第三次向你认错。不会再发生了。谢谢你忍受了这么坏的男朋友一年。
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