动名词用法

动名词用法

动名词用法 篇1

动名词用法

作者/沈华正

一、什么叫动名词

由原型动词在词尾加ing构成。动名词与名词有所不同，它具有动词性质，有动作意味且有动词的基本特征，可有自己的宾语，状语，但它又有名词的句法功能，可以作主语，宾语，定语，表语。

二、动名词的形式

主动形式 被动形式

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

1.动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作(即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作)，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作。例如：

They are all interested in climbing mountains.

He took a great delight in helping others.

2.动名词的完成形式表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。例如：

He didn’t mention having met me.

I regret not having taken her advice.

I don’t remember having ever promised you that.

3.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式。例如：

This question is far from being settled.

He did it without being asked.

They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers.

He didn’t mind being left at home.

They couldn’t stand being treated like that.

注意：若动名词表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式。例如：

I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.

三、动名词的作用

1.动名词作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次行为。

1)动名词作主语，谓语要用单数。

Playing with fire is dangerous.

2)动名词作主语时，有时可用it做形式主语，但仅限于少数表语形容词或名词。常见表语形容词：good，foolish，wonderful，useless，difficult，nice.常见名词：fun，luck，pleasure，use，good.但现在在教材中也常见不是以上形容词、名词照样用it做形式主语的情况。也就是说作为中学生只要掌握it可以作形式主语，真正的`主语可以是动名词，不定式，that从句。

3)动名词作主语，可用于there be 句型结构。

There is no joking about such matters.

2.动名词做宾语。

1)及物动词后面可以跟不定式、动名词做宾语，不定式做宾语更加常见。作为学生要掌握的是哪些动词跟动名词做宾语这不常规形式。以下动词只能用动名词而不可用动词不定式做宾语。我把每个单词的第一字母排列在一起构成口诀：MCAFEISPKD(没咖啡是不够的)M：mind，miss.C：consider，can not help.A：admit，allow，avoid，appreciate，advise.F：finish，forbid.E：enjoy，excuse，escape，envy.I：imagine.S：suggest，stand.D：delay，dislike，deny.

2)动名词作介词的宾语，特别是介词to的宾语是常考点。give up，feel like，insist on，be used/get down/pay attention/be devoted/lead/contribute/object/the key/to.

We have been used to living in the countryside.

Do you have any trouble understanding spoken English?

3)某些动词后接动名词与不定式做宾语有区别。

A.begin，start，continue 后接两种形式均可，意义差别不大。

We started to learn/learning English five years ago.但在下列情况下begin，start须接不定式。a)主语是物而不是人，如：Spring came on and the snow began to melt.b)后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如： I began to realize how stupid I was.c)begin，()start 用于进行时中，如It is beginning to snow.d)后接被动式，如The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s.

B.hate，like，love，prefer等喜厌动词后接动名词表示经常的动作，而接不定式表示具体的、特定的动作。I like playing chess on days off.I would like to play chess with the chess master now.

C.remember，forget，regret等后接动名词的一般式或完成式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而后接不定式则表示在谓语动词之后将要发生或未完成，两者意义不同。I remember doing/having done the exercise.I must remember to do the exercise.请注意这两句不同的翻译。

D.mean，try，go on，can not help，stop 后接动名词与不定式意义不同，不能互换。Seeing him make a face，she could not help laughing.I can not help to do the homework for you.try doing：试一试，试做某事，看看会发生什么情况。Try to do：做一番努力，试图做某种困难的事。Try putting in some more vinegar，which might make it taste a bit better.Would you try to work out the maths problem?

E.need，want，require，bear，deserve后接动名词的主动式和不定式的被动式都表示被动含义。The question needs discussing/to be discussed.

F.be afraid of doing：担心产生预料的结果。

be afraid to do something：不敢做某事。

He dared not go home because he was afraid of being scolded.

The boy was afraid to go near the sleeping dog.

G.名词way，chance，opportunity 后接不定式或of doing，意义差别不大。

I hope to have a chance to visit/of visiting the well-known hall.

H.permit，allow，advise，forbid 等词后接动名词作宾语，但以不定式作宾语补足语。

I advised you to go to college.I advised your going to college.

3.动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，若就此提问，应用疑问词what。

My main work is teaching children how to learn English well.不定式也可作表语，它与动名词作表语的区别比照作主语的区别。

注意：(1)动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别

动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯;不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作。试比较：

My favourite sport is swimming.

The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.

(2)动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别

动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。

现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very，quite等副词来修饰。

4.作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：

a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台

a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池

而现在分词作定语表示主动，或被动正在进行的动作。例如 a man standing under the tree=a man who is/was standing under the tree，a house being built=a house which is/was being built

5.动名词的复合结构。

在动名词的复合结构中，其逻辑主语用形容词性的物主代词或宾格代词，如果是名词就用“名词+’s”形式(无生命的名词只能用普通格，即直接用名词)，放在动词前构成一个整体，共同担任一个句子成分。例如：

Would you mind my/me using your handbook?

Do you think there will be any chance of my operating the computer again?

注： 动名词复合结构作主语时逻辑主语通常用所有格。

6.名词化的动名词。

动名词有时可以进一步名词化，具有更多名词的特点：它可以有自己的冠词，可以有定语修饰，在某些情况下甚至有复数形式。

Can you come back for a fitting on the 18th?

Who did the recording?

这种名词可以称为名词化的动名词，名词化的动名词在具有更多名词特点的同时，也失去了许多动词特点：它不再有完成形式或被动式，不能有自己的状语、宾语。如果要表示它逻辑上的宾语，通常要用一个以of引导的短语。例如：There are needed for the making of clothes.

四、practice

1.______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk

2.He was afraid to risk ______ to death during the fighting night and he stayed at home with windows and doors shut.

A.shoot at B.shooting at C.shooting D.being shot

3.Comparing it ______ in the office，Kate found working as a teacher is more exciting.

A.to work B.with working C.to working D.with being working

4.Her right arm showed no sign of ______

A.injuring B.being injured C.having been injured D.having injured

5.No one would dream of there ______ such a beautiful place.

A.being B.would be C.be D.having

6.He was very fortunate to ______ by the police.

A.miss catching B.have missed catching

C.miss being caught D.have missed being caught

7.―The door was locked.How did he come out of the house?

―By breaking the window and ______ out.

A.climb B.climbed C.to climb D.climbing

8.I think ______ in time will make our teacher happy.

A.everyone to be here B.everyone be here

C.everyone’s to be here D.everyone’s being here

9.Who could have imagined such a sweet-tempered girl as Alice ______ such a thing.

A.doing B.to do C.does D.do

10.It was ______ computer games that took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his study.

A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played

11.I know Jack spends at least as much time reading as he ______.

A.does writing B.is writing C.writes D.does to write

12.I am not used ______ to like that.

A.to be spoken B.to being spoken C.to speak D.to speaking

13.After ______ for the job，you will be required to take a language test.

A.being interviewed B.interviewed

C.interviewing D.having interviewed

14.If you can not work out the problem in this way，you can try ______ it out in that way.

A.working B.to work C.to have worked D.worked

15.What made you so annoyed.

______ waiting for ages without no results.

A.Kept B.Being kept C.To keep D.To be kept

16.Do you mind ______ alone at home?

A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left

C.Jane’s being left D.Jane to be left

17.Everyone likes making jokes about others，but no one enjoys ______，especially in public.

A.laughing at B.being laughed at

C.to be laughed at D.laughed at

18.He used to ______ from one place to another，but now he is used to ______ in Ningbo.

A.move;living B.moving;live C.moving;living D.move;live

19.The fireman told us the difficulty they had ______ the fire ______.

A.to get;under control B.getting;controlled

C.get;controlled D.getting;to control

20.―What do you think made Mary so upset?―______ her new car.

动名词用法 篇2

如:

1.Taking a walk after supper is good for your health.晚饭后散散步对你的健康有益。 (作主语)

2.My favorite sport is skating.我最喜欢的运动是滑冰。 (作表语)

3.Chinese people usually start preparing for the Spring Festival one month before it comes.中国人常常在春节到来之前一个月开始为其作准备。 (作宾语)

4.She is good at playing the piano, 她擅长于弹钢琴。 (作介词宾语)

在英语学习中, 动名词的使用应注意以下几点:

一、 在介词后必须用动名词作宾语

如:

1.Thank you for inviting me to your party.谢谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。

2.He left here without saying anything.他什么也没说就离开了这儿。

二、在常见的动词finish, suggest, enjoy, stop, mind, avoid, can't help (禁不住) , practise, advise, delay等之后只用动名词作宾语, 而不用动词不定式作宾语。

如:

1.Would you mind sitting here?我坐这儿你介意吗?

2.She couldn't help crying when she heard the bad news.当她听到这坏消息时, 她忍不住哭了。

三、在一些少数动词后既可跟动名词作宾语, 也可跟动词不定式作宾语, 但意义上有明显的区别。

试比较:

I remember seeing her once somewhere.我记得在哪里见过她。 (动名词表示已发生的动作)

I must remember to take an umbrella with me.我得记住带雨伞。 (动词不定式表示未发生的动作)

I forgot closing the windows.我忘记已经关上窗户了。 (动名词表示已发生的动作)

Don't forget to close the windows when you leave the classroom.离开教室时别忘记关上窗子. (动词不定式表示未发生的动作)

I regret not having accepted your advice.我后悔没听你的劝告。 (动名词表示已经发生的动作)

I regret to say l haven't given your enough help.我遗憾地说没给你足够的帮助。 (动词不定式表示即将发生的动作)

The house needs cleaning.房子需要打扫。 (动名词表示被动意义)

She doesn't need to come.她不需要来。 (动词不定式表示主动意义)

He likes playing football.他喜欢踢足球。 (动名词表示一般倾向或习惯爱好)

He doesn't like to play football today.他今天不想踢足球。 (动词不定式表示具体的某次行为动作)

Let's go on doing our work.咱们继续做工作吧。 (动名词表示接着做与原来相同的事)

Let's go on to read the story.我们接着读这个故事吧。 (动词不定式表示接着做与原来不同的另一件事

四、在begin, start动词后面如果表示有意识的“开始”用动名词作宾语, 否则用动词不定式作宾语。

如:

The factory began making the machine in l984.这个工厂1984年开始制造这种机器。 (动名词表示有意识的动作)

We started working on it in l970.我们是1970年开始这项工作的。 (动名词表示有意识的动作)

I began to realize I had been wrong。我开始意识到我错了。 (动词不定式表示无意识的动作)

Suddenly it started to rain.突然天开始下起了雨。 (动词不定式表示无意识的动作)

初中英语动名词的用法 篇3

一、动名词的名词的性质

1. 作主语

动名词作为主语有以下几种表现形式：

1） 直接作为主语。

例如：

Taking exercise everyday is a good habit.

Finding work is difficult these days.

Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. [句中Walking（散步）作为句子主语，直接出现。句意：散步对年轻人和老年人是一项很好的运动。]

2） 用it作形式主语，真正的主语作为后置主语。

例如：

It isnt easy trying to climb the mountain. [句中It作为形式主语，动名词短语trying to do sth. 才是真正的主语。]

能用于上述结构的形容词有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile等。但是important，essential，necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。

用it代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外，还有一种句型为：

It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing

例如：

Its no use trying to argue with him.

3） “There be”的结构

这种句型一般是否定形式，There是引导词，作为形式主语，动名词做真正主语。意思是“不可能……”。

例如：

There is no joking about such matters.

4） 告示或简略的警告用语中，动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。

例如：

No climbing. （No climbing is allowed.）

5） 组成复合结构

动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，可在其前面加上所有格，使之变成复合结构，可作为句中主语。

例如：

Does our helping mean a lot to all of you？

My repairing the radio made it worse. [My repairing作为复合结构出现，作为句子主语，此时非谓语动词的形式，要特别注意。]

2. 作宾语

1） 动名词可以作为动词的直接宾语，可接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit，complete，finish，image等。

例如：

You can easily fake up an excuse to avoid going out with him.

Richard turned of the computer after he had finished writing the email.

I kept thinking of what David would say when he came back.

2） 动名词也可以作为介词的补足成分，但是except和but两词需慎重考虑，情况需要多方面考虑。

有些词组后必须跟动词的动名词形式，如：give up，put off，burst out，get through，cant help，insist on，feel like，be good at，be tired of，be fond of，be afraid of，pay attention to，get to，get/ be used to，used to等。

例如：

I cant help recalling the words.

Please excuse me for opening your letter by mistake.

I do not feel like sleeping now.

3） 作为形容词的宾语

例如：

The book is well worth reading more than once. [be worth doing是“很值得做某事”，形容词worth后加动词的动名词结构做宾语。]

3. 作表语

动名词作表语时，多表示主语的职业、功能、行为等等性质，可以与主语互换位置，但不影响句子的意思。

例如：

Her hobby is playing volleyball. [playing volleyball作为表语，是hobby的内容。二者可以互换位置，而不影响句子的意思。]

The most important Easter tradition is giving each other Easter eggs，because eggs are the symbol of new life. [giving each other Easter eggs作为表语，是tradition的内容。二者可以互换位置，而不影响句子的意思。]endprint

4. 作定语

动名词作定语时，表示作用、用途，作为前置定语出现，指什么样的。

例如：

a washing machine

the reading room

All the students are now busy reviewing their lessons for the coming examination. [be busy doing sth.是“忙于做……”，coming作为前置定语，修饰examination意为“即将到来的考试”。]

二、动名词的时态语态

1. 动名词的一般式

1） 表示动作与谓语动词同时发生。

例如：

Everyone is practicing speaking English.

Seeing his mother， the baby could not help laughing.

2） 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，与动名词的完成式用法相似，此时通常相关的动词有advise，delay等。

例如：

He denied telling/ having told me. （他否认告诉过我。）

I regret not coming/ having come earlier. （我后悔没有来早点。）

3） 在明确表示时间的动词和介词如after，on，upon或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。

例如：

After answering his question， she asked back.

2. 动名词的完成式

动名词的完成式就是将“have+过去分词”中的助动词have改为动名词即可，如having been，having come，having gone，having left等。动名词的完成式所表示的是动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。

例如：

Im sorry for having wasted your time. [动名词用完成式表示“浪费你的时间”在先，“感到抱歉”在后。]

3. 动名词的被动结构

当句中的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。

例如：

After having been interviewed， he was offered the job.

动名词用法 篇4

用little, some, any, no, great, not much 等修饰；有的可用同根形容词代替，如：

the work i am doing is not of much value. 我做的工作没有多大价值。

his speech is of little significance. 他的讲话毫不重要。

it is of greatest consequence. 它极为重要。

it’s an invention of great importance. 这是一项非常重要的发明。

don’t follow the way of least resistance. 不要走最省力气的路。

i regard this as of great importance. 我认为这个具有重要意义。

the work i am doing is not of much value. 我做的工作没有什么价值。

the experience gained will be of great value to us. 取得的经验对我们将很有价值。

the economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern governments. 国民经济增长的情况对所有现代政府至关重

要。

动名词用法 篇5

it is reported that a great number of ________ died in the drought.

a. cattles b. polices c. peoples d. poultry

此题应选d。其余几项均可能被误选。 此题主要涉及集合名词的用法，下面将集合名词的有关用法作一归纳：

Ⅰ类：这一类包括 cattle(牛)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等，其用法特点为：只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语通常也用复数;不与 a(n)连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)：

the police are looking for him. 警察在找他。

people will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。

Ⅱ类：这一类包括family(家庭)，team(队)，class(班)，audience(听众)等，其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。比较：

this class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。

this class are studying english now. 这个班的学生在学习英语。

Ⅲ类：这一类包括 baggage / luggage(行李)，clothing(衣服)，furniture(家具)，machinery(机器)等，其用法特点为：是不可数名词，要用单数形式，不用不定冠词 (当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式：

our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。

动名词用法 篇6

Practice的`用法：

practise用作及物动词时后面可接名词、动名词，不能接不定式。practise的基本意思是“练习”、“训练”，也可用来表示“实行”和“开业从事于”。

practise的名词是practice，两词发音一样，practice为不可数名词。Practicemakesperfect.是一句谚语，意思是“熟能生巧”。puttheideaintopractice表示“把思想付诸实践”。

名词的“数”的用法 篇7

1. 可数名词:能直接用数量来表示的名词叫可数名词。例如:five eggs五个鸡蛋、two pens两支钢笔。

1可数名词的用法,当可数名词数量表示“一”时,名词用单数,此时可以直接用a/an来修饰。例如:a ruler一把尺子a girl一个女孩。当可数名词的数量大于“一”时,名词用复数形式,例如:six books六本书。

巧记:表示“一”时用单数,大于“一”时用复数。

2可数名词的复数形式的规则变化如下:

1)一般在名词的结尾加 -s。

例如:book( 书 ) →books,girl(女孩)→girls

2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加 -es。

例如:bus( 公共汽车)→buses, box(箱子) →boxes, watch(手表)→watches

3) 以辅音字母 +y结尾的名词,把y变i加 -es。

例如:baby(婴儿)→babies, country(国家)→countries, family(家庭)→families

注意:-y前是元音时,-y不变,直接加 -s。例如:day(日子)→days, boy(男孩)→boys

4) 部分以f或fe结尾的单词,把f和fe改为v再加 -es。

例如:knife(刀)→knives,leaf树叶)→leaves

巧记:名词复数的规则变化是加 -s或 -es.

5) 名词复数的不规则变化需要特别记忆。例如:man(男人)→men,woman( 女人) →women,foot( 脚) →feet,tooth( 牙齿)→teeth,child( 孩子 ) →children,fish( 鱼肉 ) →fish,deer( 鹿 ) →deer,sheep(绵羊)→sheep等。

6) 表示“某国人”的名词,其复数形式变化可通过歌诀记忆:

巧记:中日不变英法变,其余 -s加后面。

例如:Chinese( 中国人 ) →Chinese,Japanese( 日本人 ) →Japanese,Englishman( 英国人) →Englishmen,Frenchman( 法国人)→Frenchmen, American(美国人)→Americans, Rusian(俄罗斯人)→Rusians, German(德国人 ) →Germans等。

2. 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。

如:people人们police警察

3. 有些名词以s结尾,但是仍为单数名词,如:

1 Maths数学,politics政治,physics物理。

2 news是不可数名词“新闻”。

3 the United States美国,the United Nations联合国。

4以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

4. 没有单数形式的名词 : 表示由两部分构成的东西

glasses眼镜shorts短裤trousers裤子

5. 以 -o结尾的名词变复数时,多数直接加 -s。例如:radio( 收音机)→radios,piano(钢琴)→pianos,特殊的有:Negro(黑人)→Negroes,hero(英雄)→heroes,tomato(西红柿)→tomatoes,potato(土豆 ) →potatoes。巧记1:黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。巧记2:两人两菜。

6. 不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。不可数名词前面不能直接用a/an来修饰 , 也没有复数形式,不能在词尾加 -s或 -es。不可数名词要表示数量时,需要借助于of短语。

如:a cup of tea一杯茶 ,seven pieces of bread七片面包 ,several bags of rice几袋米。

注意:当名词前面的基数词数量大于1即是two,three four…或有many,few,a few,different,those,these等词修饰的时候,名词一般用复数形式。

练习

一、写出下列名词的复数形式。

1.orange2.teacher 3.piano 4.monkey

5.class 6.child 7.shelf8.bed

9.country 10.family 11.toy 12.foot

13.Japanese 14.radio 15.photo 16.sheep

17.tomato 18.bus 19.woman 20.knife

二、选择填空。

1.There _____ on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes B. are photos

C. is a photo D. is photos

2. There are four ____and two____ in the group.

A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen

C. Japanese, German D. Japanese, Germans

3. The boys have got_____ already.

A. two bread B. two breads

C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread

4. There_____ two _____in the box.

A. Is, watch B. are ,watches C. are ,watch D. is ,watches

5. We should clean _____twice a day.

A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth

6. There is some _____on the plate.

A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears

7. The ______has two.

A. boys; watches B. boy; watch

C. boy; watches D. boys; watch

8. How many_____ can you see in the picture?

A. tomatos B. tomatoes

C. tomato D. the tomato

9. Would you please pass me_____ ?

A. two paper B. two papers

C. two pieces of paper D. two pieces of papers

10. “What would you like, Ann? ”_____“I’d like two .”

A. glass of milk B. glasses of milk

C. glass of milks D. glasses of milks

11.These are my ______.

A. box B. a box C. boxes D. the boxes

练习参考答案

一、写出下列名词的复数形式

1.oranges 2.teachers 3.pianos

4.monkeys 5.classes 6.children

7.shelves 8.beds 9.countries

10.families 11.toys 12.feet

13.Japanese 14.radios 15.photos

16.sheep 17.tomatoes 18.buses

19.women 20.knives

二、选择填空

1.B 2.D 3. C

4. B 5.D 6. B

7. C 8. B 9.C

不定式、动名词作宾语的用法区别 篇8

只能用动名词作宾语的动词有：admit，avoid，appreciate，complete，consider，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，fancy，finish，imagine，mind，miss，practice，risk，suggest等。

The local government is considering taking measures to reduce the pollution. 当地政府正考虑采取措施来减少污染。

只能用不定式作宾语的动词有：afford，aim，agree，choose，decide，determine，demand，expect，fail，hope，happen，hesitate，learn，manage，offer，pretend， plan，promise，refuse，seem，want，wish等。

Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He seems to have been praised by the manager just now. 瞧汤姆自豪的表情，他刚才似乎受到了经理的表扬。

下列这些动词（短语）既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义有区别。

forget，remember，regret等词后加不定式表示未做的动作，加动名词表示已经做过的事。

[stop to do sth 停下某事去做另一件事stop doing sth 停止做某事]

[try to do sth 努力做某事try doing sth 尝试着做某事]

[mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着]

[go on to do sth 做完某事后接着做另一件事go on doing sth 继续做同一件事]

[can’t help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事]

I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 我仍记得曾被带去法门寺时所看到的一切。

I didn’t mean to upset you, Jane. I’m sorry for what had happened. 珍妮，我并不是有意令你难过，我对发生的一切感到非常抱歉。

表示喜欢的三个动词like，love，prefer后加动名词和不定式均可，但当它们前面有would/should时, 后面只能加不定式作宾语。

Little Tom should like to be taken to visit the Great Wall this summer. 这个夏天会有人带小汤姆去参观长城。

动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语则用不定式作宾补，即

allow/permit/forbid/advise[doing sthsb to do sth]

It forbids smoking in the school yard. That means no one is allowed to smoke here. 校园里禁止吸烟，这意味着任何人都不允许在这里吸烟。

动词need，require，want (需要），deserve (值得）后须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要/值得被做。

My mother is sorting out those trousers which want washing/want to be washed. 我母亲正在将需要洗的裤子进行分类。

练习

1. 汤姆假装没听说过这事而实际上他对此事很清楚。

Tom pretended it, but in fact, he knew it very well. (hear)

2. 他为这次面试作了充分的准备，因为他不能失去这个好机会。

He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldn’t risk . (lose)

3. 格林先生一定没有收到我的信，否则他就回信了。

Mr. Green must my letter. Otherwise, he would have returned by now. (fail)

4. 这些女孩做了很多好事，她们确实值得表扬。

The girls do a lot of good and they really do deserve . (praise)

5. 我找不到钥匙了，我记得我进来时把它们放在桌子上了。

I can’t find the keys. I remember

on the desk as I came in. (put)

6. 他撒谎是为了逃避惩罚。

He told a lie to avoid . (punish)

7. 我建议你考虑我们在协议里的提议。

I advise your what we have offered in the agreement. (account)

参考答案

1. not to have heard about

2. losing the good opportunity

3. have failed to receive

4. praising 或to be praised

5. putting them

6. being punished

名词性从句 同位语从句用法详解 篇9

一、同位语从句的引导词

引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。

1.由that引导

We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他们为你生病发愁。

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。

I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。

He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。

【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：

They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.他们面对废除这个税的要求。

They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。

I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。

【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如：

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2.由whether引导

There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来还不一定。

Answer my question whether you are coming.你回答我的问题：你来不来。

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。

We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。

3.由连接代词引导

Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?

From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters.After that I went back to work in a factory.Then I had no idea what a casino was.从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。

4.由连接副词引导

I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他什么时候回来。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做的问题。

He had no idea why she left.他不知道她为什么离开。

You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我多着急!

二、关于分离同位语从句

有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如：

The story goes that he beats his wife.传说他打老婆。

The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。

The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.谣传这里要盖一所新学校。

Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。

The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)

二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1．意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：

We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)2.引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。

3.引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4.被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：

I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)