淮安英文导游词范文

淮安英文导游词范文（共6篇）

淮安英文导游词范文 篇1

沿途讲解

How happy we are，To meet friends from afar！Good morning,ladies and gentlemen!

It‟s such a pleasure to meet you here!

First of all,would you please allow me to introduce my team to you.My name is Hehua,you may call me Lotus.While our driver is Mr.Kang who has more than 10 years‟driving experience,so we are in very safe hands.We both are from China International Travel Service,and we‟ll work as a team to make you a pleasant journey.On behalf of CITS Henan and our colleagues, I‟d like to extend a warmest welcome to you.......Your luggage will be sent to the hotel by another bus, so you don‟t have to worry about it.If you have any problems or requests, don‟t hesitate to let us know, please.We will do everything in our power to smooth them away....OK.Wish you a pleasant and memorable journey!Perhaps,it‟s the first time for most of you to visit Henan Province,so I‟d like to take this opportunity to give you a brief introduction.Henan Province,also called “Yu”for short,meaning a man pulling an elephant,is situated right in the heart of China,covering an area of 16,700 square kilometers,with a population of 97 million,which is the largest of all provinces in China.Henan Province is pretty rich in tourism resources,and is famous for the ancient culture.For example,Luoyang is an ancient capital for 13 dynasties,Kaifeng for 7 dynasties and so is Anyang.With Zhengzhou,Henan has accounted for 4 in the 8 ancient capitals of China.The Yellow River is the maternal river of the land and Chinese ancestors started civilization here.In addition,of all the martial arts in China,Henan has two of them.They are Shaolin Boxing and Chens-Style Taiji.People say “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”,I wanna say “He who has never been to Henan Province is not a true visitor to China”.Believe me ,your trip must be worthwhile.Now we are heading for Zhoukou which is located at the eastern part of Henan Province.Having a history of more than 6000 years,it enjoys a high reputation that „A pioneer in China,a holy relic of the whole country‟.Here the first of the Three Emperors--Fuxi made it the capital and started the original civilization;the ancestor and goddess of Chinese legend--Nvwa made people by mud;the Yan Emperor--Shennong initiated the epoch of Chinese cultivation.Therefore Zhoukou has become the Cultural Mecca of the History of Chinese civilization.In addition,there are many historical features here,such as Laozi,the Founder of Taoism;Xie‟an,the Grand Preceptor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty;袁世凯,the first President of the republic of China;吉鸿昌,the modern national hero.Look at the beautiful scenery outside the window.Now we‟ve arrived at Huaiyang County--the heart of Zhoukou.That means a few minutes later we‟ll be able to see part of Taihao Mausoleum.Taihao Mausoleum is said to be the place where Fuxi‟s capital and mausoleum located,but today his mausoleum and temple are built here for worship.In 2008,it has been collected into the The Guinness book of World Records as the Daily visits to the largest number of temple fair.How time flies!Now we‟ve got to the parking lot.May I remind you that he color of our bus is blue and white and the bus number is A12345.Look!Our tour guide flag is red with the word CITS on it.My phone number is ***.Remember?***.OK.Take the valuables and follow me.The distinctive sceneries are waiting for us!

景点介绍

Ladies and gentlemen, this is Taihao Mausoleum, the resting place of Fuxi.It‟s located on the bank of Cai River.Taihao Mausoleum, as a national-level key protection unit, is a cluster of palace-styled ancient buildings and rather splendid in green and gold.The mausoleum features imposing buildings, magnificent halls, tall cypresses 柏树and pine trees松树.Here is Baguatai,八卦台 a platform where Fuxi observed the sky and the earth and predicted future events.It is surrounded by balustrades栏杆 and age-old cypresses柏树.South of the platform is a lake called white turtle pool.As luck would have it真幸运,in 1984, a boy fished a white turtle here just like as the one of Fuxi‟s.Really unbelievable,isn‟t it? Now we‟ve arrived at the Tong Tian Hall, which is also known as the grand hall.It is the one largest in volume and highest in level among all the halls in our whole county.Please look at this way, there is a golden statue with two horns on his head,thick leaves on his shoulder.It is right our ancestor Fuxi, who is holding the Eight Trigrams with a mercy face.Now please walk along the right side.We can see a bluestone relief,depicting the great life of Fuxi from different respects.Next, let‟s go to the Xianren Hall,which is also known as the Second Hall.Inside the hall, a golden statue of NvWa is enshrined.Please look at the stones with holes.It‟s said that the tourists, especially the females who come here to visit can have more children and keep their children healthy by touching the stones.Maybe we can have a try.The back of the mausoleum is the Yarrow Park.Legend says that it is called Yarrow Park because Fuxi picked the yarrow ,a kind of herb ,to draw the trigrams and thus created the Eight Trigrams.It‟s said that this kind of herb can only be found in three places all over the country, one is in Qufu in Shandong Province ,one is in Jin Memorial Temple in Shanxi Province, and the third one is just at the Taihao Mausoleum.Every year the emperors would send officials here to prey in spring and autumn.Because this kind of herb is very rare,when the officials came back , they must carry some herbs as an evidence that they had been to the Taihao Mausoleum.My dear friends, now we‟ve come at the Pruning Park, also known as the Taihao Mausoleum Park.Whenever you come here, you will be absolutely attracted by the green models of pines and cypresses.There are vivid animals in various postures and magnificent pavilions,towers, and workshops.All of these are made by cutting the pines and cypress.Isn‟t it amazing? There is also a hexagonal pavilion made by 6 pine trees.Here we can find shadow on sunny days and take shelter on cloudy days.And we can also find the old playing chess and chatting while the young couples whispering.Extremely wonderful,isn‟t it?

淮安景点导游词 篇2

吴承恩故居景区是由故居本体、美猴王世家艺术馆、吴承恩生平陈列厅三部分共同组成的。它是国内唯一综合展示《西游记》文化及纪念吴承恩的场所，是全球首部立体电视连续剧《吴承恩与西游记》的拍摄基地。总占地面积12500平方米，建筑面积3520平方米。这是由63间房屋和许多亭台轩阁、假山池塘所组成的明代风格的园林建筑群。

[客厅前甬道];下面我们首先来参观《西游记》的诞生地---故居本体。故居本体是一组典型江淮风格的明代庭院式民居，由门厅、三进正屋、厢房和后花园组成。

请看这一片苍翠的竹林。幽雅宁静，反映了主人超凡脱俗的品味和风范。

[客厅];这里是吴承恩故居的正厅。此客厅是吴家的主堂屋，是举行喜庆婚丧大典和接待至亲宾客活动的场所。

厅前廊柱上的楹联是：“搜百代阙文，采千秋遗韵，艺苑久推北斗;姑假托神魔，敢直抒胸臆，奇篇演出西游”。这副对联高度概括了吴承恩一生的文学成就和他的名著《西游记》的历史价值。

厅正中安放的这尊头像，是由中国科学院古人类研究所著名专家贾兰坡，也就是复原北京猿人头像的那位专家根据吴承恩的头颅骨和明代人的装束复原的，科学地再现了吴承恩生前的相貌，在我国众多的古代历史文化名人塑像中，只有这一座是根据逝者的头骨“复原”而不是根据想象创作的。

大家请看，先生面部肌肉略显松弛，但精神矍铄;神态略显冷峻，显示出他性格倔强和一种与世俗抗争的精神;颦眉凝神，好像已经与他笔下人物一起遨游在神话的境界中。

请看上面这块“射阳簃”匾额，它是由已故中国佛教协会主席赵朴初题写淮安在西汉(公元前1)最早设县时曾叫“射阳县”，古代文人都喜欢用自己的居住地或者出生地为号，因此吴承恩自号“射阳居士”。这块匾是吴承恩的好友、淮安第一个状元沈坤为吴承恩书房题写的。吴承恩为了表示对状元的尊重，并且显示他俩的友情，便把书斋“射阳移”的匾额挂在正厅里。

这幅拓片是一幅关于竹子的图画，很别致。请大家仔细看看，有没有发现什么?对了，其实这是一幅竹叶诗画，竹叶诗画在我国不少地方都有，这幅竹叶诗画内容是宋代诗人吴琚的一首诗，大家有没有看出诗的详细内容?诗的内容是：“桥畔垂杨下碧溪，君家元(音玄)在北桥西。来时不似人间世，日暖花香山鸟啼。”

[书房]下面请随我参观吴承恩的书房，也就是他创作《西游记》的地方。这里就是吴承恩的书房“射阳移”。由于吴承恩生活的年代，正是明王朝由盛转衰，日趋腐败的时期，尽管他满腹经纶，才华过人，多次参加科举考试，却没有考中。失望中他决定回家潜心创作《西游记》。淮安地处淮河下游。吴承恩幼时，喜听淮河水神及僧伽大圣等故事。传说淮河的水神是一只力大无比的神猴，名叫无支祁，大禹治水时被压在洪泽龟山下，至今仍有支祁井等遗迹。专家考证无支祁是西游记中孙悟空的原型，在《西游记》中被吴承恩改写为被如来佛压到五行山下了。吴承恩长大后搜集阅读各种传奇小说和神魔故事，结合中国古代神话和淮安地方传说，中年开始用他那如椽妙笔，将各种形式的唐玄藏取经、唐僧西游的故事，创作成百回本小说《西游记》。

淮安清晏园导游词 篇3

清晏园，始建于清朝康熙年间，至今已有300多年，是淮安市唯一保护完好的古典园林，也是中国漕运史上唯

一保留下来的官宦园林。据《清河县志》记载，清晏园，曾名为淮园、瞻园、留园、城南公园。城南公园名称时间最长，自1991年10月1日起，才又恢复为“清晏园”古名。园内亭、台、楼、阁、假山错落有致，曲径、长廊、流水循环往复，四季花繁木盛，秀丽典雅。

清晏由以下几个部分组成：1、仿古建筑：主要有淮香堂、蕉吟馆、今来雨轩，以及蔷薇园与曲廊、水榭、船楼和谦豫斋等。2、坐落在西北的关帝庙。3、坐落在西南的叶园。4、坐落在荷池北的荷芳书院。5、假山、曲桥类景点。其中的荷芳书院最值一提。荷芳书院原是清代河督靳辅所建的清晏园的一部分，清晏园始建于康熙十七年(公元1678年)，当时手握数大权的河督驻节清江浦：“凿池种树，以为行馆。”后又几经修建，方具园林规模。荷芳书院是清晏园内最具有特色的建筑，乾隆十五年(公元1750年)兴建，后屡经变故，清晏园面目全非，“唯存荷芳书院”。荷芳书院在苏皖边区政府时期，辟为新华图书馆，后因纪念“四·八”遇难烈士，又易名为博古图书馆，近年来重新翻修，复名为“荷芳书院”，门侧楹联仍为旧句：名园别有天地，老树不知岁时。以荷芳书院周围，是当年河督游憩之所，碑亭和碑廊就建在此处。从这些御制的碑文中，可以了解到治水的艰辛和漕运的情况，是一组不可多得的水利史料和历史文物。在观赏风景、乘艇游弋的同时，还可在园内看到各种书画摄影展览、盆景花卉展览和儿童游艺场等。清晏园是游览者得以心旷神怡的乐园。

淮安英文导游词范文 篇4

淮安市阳光学校高三语文堂堂清练习九

诗歌鉴赏

（一）班级 姓名 等第

1．(2015·淮安中学高三第二次模拟)阅读下面这首唐诗，然后回答问题。

新秋夜寄诸弟

韦应物

两地俱秋夕，相望共星河。高梧一叶下，空斋归思多。方用忧人瘼，况自抱微痾。无将别来近，颜鬓已蹉跎。

注 ①此诗写于唐朝建中四年(783)，当时诗人由比部员外郎升任滁州刺史。虽值升迁，但诗人远在外地，秋来十分思念留京的诸弟，感秋而有此作。②瘼：病恙，疾苦。

(1)首联中“共”字表意丰富，最为世人所传诵，请结合诗句分析“共”字的含义。答：

(2)请从情景角度赏析颔联。答：

(3)有人说韦应物的思亲诗往往在后半部分翻出新意，请概括作者在这首诗后两联中翻出了哪些新意。

答：

2．(2015·泰州市高三第二轮复习检测)阅读下面这首诗，然后回答问题。

闻捣衣 赵孟

②①

②

①

露下碧梧秋满天，砧声不断思绵绵。北来风俗犹存古，南渡衣冠不及前。苜蓿总肥宛要

③，琵琶曾泣汉婵娟。

人间俯仰成今古，何待他年始惘然！

注 ①捣衣：古时衣服常由纨素一类织物制作，质地较为硬挺，须先置石砧上以杵反复舂捣，使之柔软。捣衣声即首联中的“砧声”。②赵孟：南宋皇室，宋末元初著名书法家、文学家。③要：同“”，为古骏马名。

(1)这首诗的首联描写了怎样的景象？

答：

(2)赏析颔联、颈联在表达方面的特色。答：

(3)诗人闻捣衣声而发出感慨，全诗抒发了他怎样的情感？ 答：

3．阅读下面两首唐诗，然后回答问题。

重别梦得 柳宗元

二十年来万事同，今朝岐路忽西东。皇恩若许归田去，晚岁当为邻舍翁。

重答柳柳州 刘禹锡

弱冠同怀长者忧，临岐回想尽悠悠。耦耕若便遗身老，黄发相看万事休。

注 ①唐朝元和九年(814)，柳宗元和刘禹锡同时奉召从各自的贬所回京，次年三月又分别被任命为远离京城的柳州刺史和连州刺史，两人一同赴任，至衡阳分别时相互赠诗。②二十年：柳宗元与刘禹锡在贞元九年(793)同时进士及第，踏上仕途，至此已有二十多年。

(1)两首诗的首句体现了柳、刘两人的哪些相同之处？ 答：

(2)两首诗第二句都写到了“岐(同‘歧’)路”，两者写作的角度有什么不同？ 答：

(3)两首诗的最后两句包含着诗人的哪些情感？ 答：

4．阅读下面这首宋词，然后回答问题。

定**·暮春漫兴 ②

①

辛弃疾

少日春怀似酒浓，插花走马醉千钟。老去逢春如病酒，唯有，茶瓯香篆小帘栊。

卷尽残花风未定，休恨，花开元自要春风。试问春归谁得见？飞燕，来时相遇夕阳中。注 ①茶瓯：一种茶具。②香篆：焚香时所起的烟缕，因其曲折似篆文，故称。(1)上片运用了什么修辞手法？抒发了词人怎样的心境？ 答：

(2)下片“卷尽残花风未定，休恨，花开元自要春风”内涵丰富，请简要分析。答：

(3)请赏析“飞燕，来时相遇夕阳中”一句的妙处。答：

2016高考作文素材:汪国真120个经典诗文语录

（一）2015年4月26日，汪国真病逝，但是他还留给我们很多很多的励志名句。考试吧高考网今天为大家盘点汪国真写过的那些经典诗文和语录。

1、在这个年龄什么都值得记忆无论哪一个季节走来都是难忘的花期在这个年龄生长很多幻想也生长很多忧郁渴望像一株健硕的昙花一朵朵醒来又一朵朵睡去在这个年龄要哭你就尽情地哭要笑你就尽情地笑在这个年龄不必太含蓄——汪国真

2、看海和出海是两种不同的人生境界，一种是把眼睛给了海，一种是把生命给了海——汪国真

3、爱，不要成为囚不要为了你的惬意便取缔了别人的自由得不到总是最好的太多了又怎能消受——汪国真

4、为了寻找你，我已经是伤痕累累。——汪国真《心中的玫瑰》

5、江水奔流长又卷夕阳映树红万片握你的手如握晚风凭黄昏任驱遣——汪国真《春日心语》

6、我不去想身后会不会袭来寒风冷雨既然目标是地平线留给世界的只能是背影——汪国真《热爱生命》

7、我不去想是否能够成功，既然选择了远方，便只顾风雨兼程。我不去想是否能够赢得爱情，既然钟情于玫瑰，便勇敢的吐露忠诚。——汪国真

8、我想忘记你一个人向远方走去或许，路上会邀上个伴与我同行或许，永远是落叶时节最后那场冷雨——汪国真

9、只记得花开碧树可曾顾衾冷锦疏最难忘应是来时路那会儿身影不斜也扶到如今凭谁问甘苦梦中事笑是真笑哭是真哭——汪国真《在梦里，我遇见了你》

10、原想这一次远游就能忘记你秀美的双眸就能剪断丝丝缕缕的情愫和秋风也吹不落的忧愁谁曾想到头来山河依旧爱也依旧你的身影刚在身后又到前头——汪国真《剪不断的情愫》

11、命运可以走出冬天，记忆又怎能忘却严寒。春天是个流泪的季节，你别忘了打伞。——汪国真

12、虚荣，很像一个绮丽的梦。当你在梦中的时候，仿佛拥有了许多当梦醒来的时候，你会发现原来什么也没有。——汪国真《汪国真哲思妙语》

13、熟悉的地方没有风景。——汪国真

①

②

14、现实和理想之间，不变的是跋涉，暗淡与辉煌之间，不变的是开拓。——汪国真《生活》

15、我微笑着走向生活，无论生活以什么方式回敬我。报我以平坦吗?我是一条欢乐奔流的小河。报我以崎岖吗?我是一座庄严思索的大山。报我以幸福吗?我是一只凌空飞翔的燕子。报我以挫折吗?我是一根劲竹经得起千击万磨。生活里不能没有笑声，没有笑声的世界该是多么寂寞。什么也改变不了我对生活的热爱，我微笑着走向火热的生活!——汪国真《我微笑着走向生活》

16、我宁静，是为了让思想活跃;我活泼，是为了让精神宁静。——汪国真《宁静》

17、当欢笑淡成沉默，当信心变成失落，我走近梦想的脚步，是否依旧坚定执着;当笑颜流失在心的沙漠，当霜雪冰封了亲情承诺，我无奈的心中，是否依然碧绿鲜活。有谁不渴望收获，有谁没有过苦涩，有谁不希望生命的枝头挂满丰硕，有谁愿意让希望变成梦中的花朵。现实和理想之间，不变的是跋涉，暗淡与辉煌之间，不变的是开拓。甩掉世俗的羁绊，没谁愿意，让一生在碌碌无为中度过。整理你的行装，不同的起点，可以达到同样辉煌的终点。人生没有对错，成功永远属于奋斗者。——汪国真《生活》

18、我从眼睛里读懂了你你从话语里弄清了我含蓄是一种性格豪放是一种美德别对我说只有眼睛才是心灵的真正折射如果没有语言我们在孤寂中收获的只能是沉默„„——汪国真《豪放是一种美德》

19、因为你的降临这一天成了一个美丽的日子从此世界便多了一抹诱人的色彩而我记忆的画屏上更添了许多美好的怀念似锦如织我亲爱的朋友请接受我深深的祝愿愿所有的欢乐都陪伴着你仰首是春俯首是秋愿所有的幸福都追随着你月圆是画月缺是诗——汪国真《祝愿》

20、炭也不能总是燃烧/日子平淡就好/有一种成功或许更重要/比如总不见老//何必翻云覆雨/何必勾心斗角/活得累怎么可能活得美妙//蚕儿做茧鸟儿做巢/人生贵在心儿能够逍遥//淡点名淡点利/深了笑容浅了烦恼——汪国真

21、许诺是时间结出的松果松果尽管美妙谁能保证不会被季节打落机会，凭自己争取命运，靠自己把握生命是自己的画板为什么要依赖别人着色——汪国真《许诺》

22、我们可以欺瞒别人却无法欺瞒自己当我们走向枝繁叶茂的五月青春就不再是一个谜向上的路总是坎坷又崎岖要永远保持最初的浪漫真是不容易有人悲哀有人欣喜当我们跨越了一座高山也就跨越了一个真实的自己——汪国真《跨越自己》

23、异想有一个人能让我把深情诉说今天我却依然沉默沉默是一条冰封的河——汪国真《默默的情怀》

24、是世界太小盛不下你的辛酸是世界太大寻不着你的道路——汪国真《迟到的祝福》

25、爱，不要成为囚不要为了你的惬意便取缔了别人的自由得不到总是最好的太多了又怎能消受少是愁多也是忧秋天的江水汨汨地流淡淡的雾淡淡的雨淡淡的云彩悠悠的游——汪国真《淡淡的云彩，悠悠的游》

26、世界上有不绝的风景，我有不老的心情。——汪国真《我喜欢出发》

27、心睛的时候，雨也是睛;心雨的时候，晴也是雨。——汪国真

28、有的人脸上有太多太多的微笑，是因为心中有太多太多的泪水。——汪国真

29、表面上并不般配的爱情，往往和谐，因为产生这样的爱情，往往有比较深刻的内在原因;表面上般配的爱情，往往并不和谐，因为产生这样的爱情的原因，仅仅是因为般配。——汪国真

30、不要轻易去爱，更不要轻易去恨，让青春多留下潇洒的印痕。你是快乐的，因为你很单纯，你是迷人的，因为你有一颗宽容的心。让友情成为草原上的牧歌，让敌意有如过眼烟云，伸出彼此的手，握紧令人羡慕的韶华与纯真。——汪国真《妙龄时光》

英文导游词 篇5

Hello everyone! Warmly welcome you to visit Haiyang! My name is now I will show you a brief description . Haiyang has a total area of 1886 square kilometers with a population of 690,000. It has a superior geological position. It is near to Qing Dao and Wei Hai. Haiyang is famous for sand beach with a long distance. The Asia beach sports is held in the sand beach. The sign of this sports is situated in the sand beach. There is a sand sculpture art park in the beach. The climate here is suitable to live in. it is not very hot in summer and it is not very cold in winter. Hai yang is very rich for various of fruits and vegetables. For example, cherry, white-cucumber and apple. Cherry Festival is on May 28 annually, it attracts many guests from all around the world to come here to taste the cherry.

There are many sight spots in Haiyang, now I will show you some symbolic spots. Mountain Zhao Hu National Forest Park is situated in the north of the Haiyang city. Mountain Zhao Hu is a part of the ranges of Mountain Lao Shan with a total area of 1762 hectares. This mountain is 549.7 meters above sea level. Scenery diverses from each other all the year round. The park used to be a nationalized forest farm. The coverage rate of forests is 70%, the coverage rate of vegetation is 90%. The air is very fresh and clear. So the park is called “natural oxygen bar.” When you come into the park, you may take a deep breath, it is very helpful to your health. There are two water systems in the mountain, they’re named Nine dragon Lake and dragon gate Lake respectively. They’re spring from the top of the mountain, the water are drinkable. In the mountain, we not only experience the beautiful nature, but also feel extensive Buddhist culture. The east colored gazed Buddhist temple is located on the middle of the mountain, it was held a veiling ceremony by monk Shi Benhuan on November 7,. why we named” colored gazed Buddhist temple”? it is said that everyone is looking forward to “the east colored gazed world” which is regarded as a ideal place, everything there is made of colored gazed, even the body of medicine Buddha. The temple which sacrifices medicine Buddha covers a total area of 80,000 square meters . it takes 3 years to accomplish the whole building. The medicine Buddha can protect you from disease and lengthen your life.Since it is exploited, the park has become a significant sight spot in Haiyang.

The sight spot of The landmine war is situated in Zhu Wu town 12 kilometers away from the Haiyang city. Haiyang is the hometown of Landmine War, August first film studio made a film based on the story of landmine war in 1962. During the anti-Japanese war period, Japanese crashed into the countries to burn ,kill and rob. The common people built some landmine fabrication factory to fight against the enemies. They made many kinds of landmines and invented different kinds of fighting methods, hitting the enemies heavily. The outstanding representative in the war are Zhai shoufu ,yu hua hu and sun yu min. they took their efforts to fight against the enemies. In the spot ,the most interesting is watching the landmine war performance. The valid and humorous action will bring you to the era of the war. The actors are invited from Wu Shu Schools. So we should know our happy life is very hard to get. We should cherish our life.

英文导游词长城 篇6

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1)in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world.Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China.The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces--Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C.during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu.Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C.when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges.Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments.Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall.As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect.In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall.The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty(1368--1644)when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks.it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line.The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average.In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks.The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast.There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk.Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals.The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers.The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like “climbing a ladder to heaven”.The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer.The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze.A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital.This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall.At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications.There stand 14 major passes(Guan, in Chinese)at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan.Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.Known as “Tian Xia Di YI Guan”(The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast.It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here.It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty.(1644-1911)Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the “Strategic pass Under the Heaven” as an important communication center in Chinese history.Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road.Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty(206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions.Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too.The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship.It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference.It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.On each gate sits a tower facing each other.the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains.The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century.At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368).At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls.The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship.such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving.The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia.Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world.The Venice charter says: “Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events.” The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world.In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.Notes:1.the Taj Mahal in India 印度的泰姬陵2.the Hanging Garden of Babylon 巴比伦的空中花园3.Sanskrit 梵语4.Uigur 维吾尔语

There stand 14 major passes(Guan, in Chinese)at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan.Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.Known as “Tian Xia Di YI Guan”(The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast.It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here.It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty.(1644-1911)Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the “Strategic pass Under the Heaven” as an important communication center in Chinese history.Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road.Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty(206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions.Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too.The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship.It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference.It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.On each gate sits a tower facing each other.the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains.The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century.At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368).At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls.The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship.such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving.The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia.Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world.The Venice charter says: “Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events.” The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world.In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.故宫 hello, everyone，we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest.this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs-it is simply a sea of palaces.this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties.it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years.the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea)park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake;to the west is the zhongnahai(central and south sea);to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street;and to the north id jinshan park.standing in the wanchun(everlasting spring)pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill)park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum.at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen(gate of heavenly peace)and the famous square named after it.this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area.it has 9000-strong rooms in it.according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all.the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery)gate in the north, donghua(eastern flowery)gate in the east and xihua(western flowery)gate in the west.on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge.encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang.the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding(forever stable)gate in the south to gulou(drum tower)in the north.prominence was given to the royal power by putting the ―three main front halls‖ and ―three back halls ‖on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them.the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china.for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as ―gold brick, ‖ underwent complex, two –dozen processes.as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil.involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called ―golden bricks.‖ the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture.it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people.a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves.on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves.on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center.the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units.it is flanked by two wings on each side.the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles.all of these structures are connected by a colonnade.because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower).inside the main hall there is a throne.drums and bells were stored in the wings.whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed.this not true.however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick.at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion.on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival(15th day of the first lunar month).on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum.the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he(golden water river)and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges.the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs.the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members.the rest were used by palatines.aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire.most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood.what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace.in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.this building is called the gate of supreme harmony.in the foreground stand two bronze lions.can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity.the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity.the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession.a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance.from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court.the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites.behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden.it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life.the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture.the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums.there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace.since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall.to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace.it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square.on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods.the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity.on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece.on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats(caldrons)molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty.each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire.the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall.it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear.with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all.covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure.the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons.as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time.the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan(a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels.over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth.this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs.the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold.magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs.he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony.this structure is square in shape.each side is 24.15 meters.this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites.this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers before he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies.a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood.there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall.behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held.the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty.china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty.to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country.it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons.it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing.to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity.it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court.this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity.emperor qianlong held court here.proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e.the hall of heavenly purity.the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility.the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon.inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations.all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven.the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs.later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation.looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription ―be open and above-board,‖ a manifesto to court struggle.behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor.this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty.two copies of the will were prepared.one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque.after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced.it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony.it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there.in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of ―we wei,‖ exhorting taoist doctrines.further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses`.the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place.through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs.this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden(known to westerners as qianlong` s garden),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines.a magnificent structure stands in the middle.it is called the qin `s an(imperial peace)hall.it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style.it served as a shrine to the taoist deity.the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south.there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden.on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape.the garden also features an imperial landscape.with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks.in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum.our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not.on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city.this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear.now let` s climb up to wanchun(everlasting springs)pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.颐和园 the tour will take 4-6 hours.the route is as follows: out side the east gate-side the east gate –in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity-in front of garden of virtuous harmony-in front of the grand theater building-a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall o jade ripples-in front of the o jade ripples-in front of the yiyunguan(chamber of mortal being)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(chamber of mortal beings)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(inviting the moon)gate of the long corridor-strolling along the long corridor-visiting an exhibition of cultural relics-in front of the hall of dispelling clouds-inside the hall of dispelling clouds-atop the tower of buddhist incense-on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense-on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense-inside the garden of harmonious interest –outside the south gate to suzhou shopping street-atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street-on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat-in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the kunming lake-leaving out through the east gate.(out side the east gate)

ladies and gentlemen: welcome to the summer palace.(after the self-introduction of the guide-interpreter)i hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you.during our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.the construction of the summer palace first started in 1750.at that time, the qing dynasty was in its heyday and china was a powerful asian country with vast territories.the monarch in power then was emperor qianlong.with supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday.after 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the garden of clear ripples was completed and served as a testimony to china` s scientific and technological achievements.in 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the yuanming yuan(garden of perfection and brightness)by angol-french allied forces.in 1888, empress dowager cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony(summer palace).characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the summer palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.this is the main entrance to the summer palace-the east gate on top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a chinese inscription which means ―garden of nurtured harmony‖ , whose calligrapher was emperor guangxu.the gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother.all others used the side doors.(inside the east gate)

the summer palace can be divided into two parts: longevity hill and kunming lake.the whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three-fourths consists of a lake and rivers.this imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest.the layout of the summer palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas.entering the east gate we will come the the office quarters.entering the east gate we will come to the office quarters.the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty.this is the gate of benevolence and longevity.above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both chinese and manchurian characters.the gigantic rock in the foreground is known as taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in jiangsu province and placed here to decorated the garden.on the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast, known as qilin or xuanni.it was said to the one of the nine sons of dragon king.a point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon, antlers of a deer, the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox, and is covered with a unique skin.it was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity.this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity.it was built in 1750 , and was known as the hall of industrious government.emperor qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them.after the rebuilding of the summer palace, the hall was renamed, suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives.the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched.in the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs.in the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons.on either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers, two column-shaped incense burners, crane-shaped lanterns and an incense burner assuming the form of luduan, a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire.the small chambers on eight side were where the emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions.on the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions.they are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs.also on the veranda are tai ping(peace)bronze water vats made during the reign of emperor qianlong.as a precaution in case of fire, a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing.(at the entrance of garden of virtuous harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with beijing opera performances.it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smiles.the grand theater building known as the ―cradle of beijing opera‖ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated.on september 10, 1984, the garden of virtuous harmony opened its doors to visitors.there are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.the staff here put up court dresses of qing dynasty in order to give the visitor a more vivid impression.(in front of the grand theater building)

this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages.all of the stages are connected to a raise ,and a winch is installed at the top.a well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage.there are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend, as well as on the floor for demons to surface.the underground passages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible.of the three main theater building of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and the largest.the other two are changyin(fluent voice)pavilion in chengde, an imperial summer resort.the building played a major part in fostering the birth and development of beijing opera: since the completion of the grand theater building, many performances were held in it in honor of the empress dowager cixi.(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolent and longevity.it appears that there` s nothing special ahead.however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake.this is a application of a specific style of chinese gardening.not far away in the lake there is a islet.it is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery.the pavilion on the islet is called zhichun(understanding spring)pavilion and is chardcterized by four-edged, multiple eaved roofs.(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the hall of jade ripples.it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs.it was also where emperor guangxu of the late qing dynasty was kept under house arrest.this hall is a hallmark of the reform movement of 1898, emperor guanxu was empress dowager cixi` s nephew.after emperor tongzhi died, empress dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes.when emperor guanxu was 19 years old ,empress dowager cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence.in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws.the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi.the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years.all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard.emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs.the wall remains intact for tourists to see..dynasty while reforming outdated laws.the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi.the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years.all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard.emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs.the wall remains intact for tourists to see.(in front of yiyunguan(chamber of mortal beings)

this was where empress and empress dowager of china` s feudal system.however, emperor guanxu was not the last emperor of the qing dynasty.the last in the line was emperor puyi, who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three, too young to be married.in 1912, he was forced to abdicate.during the short reign of emperor puyi.empress longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of empress dowager.in 1911, a revolution led by dr.sun yat-sun succeeded, and the year after, empress longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of china.(in the hall of happiness and longevity)the aged empress dowager cixi was so fond of the summer palace that she decided to live here from april through october of every year.this group of buildings served as her residence.this group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side.the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting.with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient.no wonder one of empress dowager cixi` s pleasure boat.on the pier there is a tall lantern post.flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall, there are bronze cranes, deer and vases, symbolizing universal peace.the interior layout is the same as the imperial court, with throne, a large table and incense burners placed in the middle.at mealtime, eunuchs-in –waiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and empress dowager cixi would dine on 128 courses.because of this more than 1,800 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals.on the east side of the living room is the cloak room.the bedroom in on its west.in front of the yaoyue(inviting the moon)gate of the long corridor

the famed long corridor is ahead.facing kunming lake and in the foreground of longevity hill, the long corridor stretches from yaoyue(inviting the moon)gate to shizhang(stony old man)pavilion.it is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions.in 1990 ,it was listed in guinness book of world records.(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace.since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill , four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions(beauty-retaining pavilion, enjoy-the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion and clarity distance pavilion)were placed at bends and undulation.thus sightseers will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain.as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill.scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to creat a unified complex.this corridor can also be called a ―corridor of paintings ‖: there are more than 14,000 paintings on its beams.some of them are of birds, flowers and landscapes of the west lake in hangzhou, zhejian province.others present scenes from literary classics.the majority of the landscape painting were done under the order of emperor qianlong, who preperred the scenery of south china.(by the door leading to the exhibition of cultural relics)this group of temple-shaped structures are known as qinghua(clarified china)hall ,also known as arhat hall during the reign of emperor qianlong.the original hall burned down in 1860.after it was reconstructed, it was renamed.qinghua hall is now used as a exhibition hall displaying rare cultural relics collected in the summer palace.the hall consists of 6 exhibition rooms with tens of thousands of articles of treasure on display in turn.among the exhibits there are bronze ware, porcelain, jade assemblages from the ming and qing dynasties, and rare and paintings.there is also a gigantic stone slab, which is more than 3 meters in height and width.it bears the handwritten inscriptions of emperor qianlong is commemoration of the suppression of a rebellion in the xinjiang region.only this slab survived when the angle-french allied forces set fire to the summer palace.(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds.the hall of dispelling clouds was where numerous palatines kowtowed to empress dowager cixi.it was surrounded by galleries and flanked by annex halls.in the forecourt there is a pool and marble bridges.starting from the lakeside, there lies in succession a memorial archway, the gate of dispelling clouds, the hall of dispelling clouds and the tower of buddhist incense.all of these structures are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predecessor.this was designed to give prominence to the last structure, the tower of buddhist incense, which was a symbol of imperial power.the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras.this group of structure are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace.(inside the hall of dispelling clouds)the original buildings on this site were burned down by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860.a new set of structures was built during the reign of emperor guanxu, and was called the hall of dispelling clouds, suggesting that it was a fairyland.the hall was built on a high terrace, and has 21 room.inside the hall are a throne, screens, tripods and mandarin fans.on a platform you will see bronze dragons, phoenixes and tripods.at the foot of the platform there are four bronze water vats, the ancient form of fire extinguishers.the 10th day of lunar october was ,empress dowager cixi` s birthday.on that day ,she sat on the throne here to receive congratulations and gifts.now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the summer palace-the tower of buddhist incense.what we are now standing on is a stone terrace which is 20 meters in height.it has a semi housed stairway of 100 steps, you will live for 100 years.so, let` s go!(in the front of the tower of buddhist incense)an octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves, the tower of buddhist incense is the very center of the summer palace, and is one of the masterpieces of ancient chinese architecture.the tower is 41 meters in height, and is buttressed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs.with its complex structure, ingenious layout, towering terrace and convincing grandeur, the tower of buddhist incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it.the tower overlooks kunming lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers.on the west side of the tower stands baoyunge(precious cloud pavilion).it is made of bronze and is7.5 meters in height and 270 tons in weight.it resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail.it is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in china.lamas prayed here during the reign of emperor qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families.at the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad.in 1992 an american company bought the windows and returned them intact to china.(on a hilltop leading from the back door of tower of buddhist incense)

now we can see the long and snaking western causeway and a shorter dike that divides kunming lake into three areas that contain south lake island, seaweed-viewing island and circle city island.the three island represent three mountain in ancient chinese mythology, i.e.penglai, fangzhang and yingzhou.this peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of emperor wudi of the han dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity.as the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands.using artificial building techniques, the ancient chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be accessible to humans.(inside the garden of harmonious interest)setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of china traditional architectural styles.the garden of harmonious interest serves as a fine example of this.this garden was built under the order of emperor qianlong and modeled after the jichang garden(garden of ease of mind)at the foot of mount huishan, jiansu province.it was renamed by his son emperor jiaqing in 1811.the existing garden was rebuilt by emperor or guangxu.empress dowager cixi used to go fishing here.the garden features 10 waterfront platforms, pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries with all of its structures facing the lake and pools, the garden of harmonious interest is basically a garden of waterscape.spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges, each quite different from the others.the most famous of them is the bridge known as ―knowing –the fishing-bridge.‖ it is said that more than 2,500 years ago during the warring states period, two philosophere named zhuang zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond.zhang said, ‖fish swim to and fro in the water.what happy fish!‖ hui asked , ‖you are not a fish.how do you know they are happy? ‖ zhuang replied, ―you are not me.how do you know i don’t know? ‖ hui signed, ―i am not you ,therefore, i don’t know you.and you are not a fish ,so how

do you know that fish are happy? ‖ zhang said, ―you ask me how i know fish are happy, why do you keeping me the same question?‖ although the garden of harmonious interest was designed after jichang garden, it not only absorbed the original designs, but exceeded it.(outside the south entrance to suzhou shopping street)now lets have a look at longevity hill.on the back slope of the hill stands a group of architectures.the centerpiece of structures there are known as the four continents and are dedicated to buddhism.this group was laid out and arranged in accordance with buddhist cosmology.aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the four continents, there are eight towers representing minor continents.the shrine is surrounded by four lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents, there two platforms representing the sun and the moon.the qing authority attached great importance to buddhism.to further strengthen ties with the ethnic minorities who practiced buddhism, the monarchs incorporated both han and tibetan styles of architecture into this group of temples.further north at the foot of the four major continent lies the suzhou shopping street.built along the back lake of the summer palace, this street stretches about 300 meters and features more than 60 stores.it includes restaurants, teahouses, pawnshops banks, drugstores dye houses and publishing houses.in order to recreate the atmosphere of ancient times, visitors will have the chance to exchange their money to ancient style chinese coins for use here.storefronts are trimmed with traditional signboards and ornaments.the commercial culture of the mid-18th century has thus been recreated.(atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street)visitors may be surprise to see that this shopping street is almost the same as that in south china.as a matter of fact, this street was designed after the shops along the canals in suhzhou.originally known as emperor` s shopping street, it was built during the reign of emperor qianlong.after making several inspection tours to south china and being duly impressed by its commercial prosperity, emperor qianlong ordered the construction of this street.the imperial shopping street was burnt down by anglo-french allied forces in 1860.the site remained desolated until 1987, when reconstruction began.it was opened to the public in september 1990.with commercial culture as its hallmark, the suzhou shopping street is a vivid representation of china` s traditional cultures.(on the road from the south fate of the suzhou shopping street to the marble boat)this is the hall of pines.from it to the west we can walk to the marble boat.the path we aree taking stretches between longevity hill and back lake.monarchs and their cohorts used to stroll along it.hence it was named central imperial path.along this path you will see lilacs all around.hence, this road is also known as the path of lilac.(in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring)quite a few unique structures were burnt down during the reign of emperor qianlong, among which the garden of complete spring was one of the most famous.the ruined and desolate courtyard by the roadside was its original site, it remains to be restored.this group of structures cover an area of 4,000 square meters and features a number of halls built on three different levels.all of the structures were connected with galleries and stone staircases.with its natural and ingenious combination of pavilions, a hall, galleries and rooms, the garden of complete spring serves as a fine model for other gardens.emperor qianlong frequently visited this compound.(along the lakeside by the marble boat)now we have returned from the back of longevity hill to the front.there is the famous marble boat.this structure is 36 meters in length and its body was made of marble.on top of it is a two storeyed structure.the floor was paved with colored bricks.all of the windows are inlaid with multi-colored glass and the ceiling was decorated with carved bricks.the drainage system channels rain water down through four hollow concrete pillars and into the lake through the mouth of dragon heads.according to a book written by emperor qianlong, the boat was used for enjoying the scenery and was supposed to be symbolic of the stability of the qing dynasty.halfway up the slope there stands the hall for listening to orioles.the ancient chinese liken the warble of an oriole to beautiful songs and melodies, hence the name of the hall which used to be a theater.now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts.it is a must for many foreign visitors to have lunch here when then come to beijing.more than one hundred heads of state worldwide have dined here and the late premier zhou enlai has held banquets here in honor of state guests.(sightseers who want to try the restaurant can go boating after they eat.those who do not can go abroad right away.those who do not feel like taking the boat can stoll along the long corridor to the outside of the east gate).(boating on kunmin lake)we are now going to enjoy the lakeside scenery from a pleasure boat.as a main part of the summer palace, kunming lake covers an area of 220 hectares, or three fourths of the combined space of this summer resort.this natural lake is more than 3500 years old.this lake was originally called wengshan lake.in 1749 emperor qianlong ordered the construction of qingyi garden, the predecessor of the summer palace.involving nearly 10,000 laborers, the lake was expanded and turned into a peach-shaped reservoir, the first of its kind for beijing.from 1990 to 1991, the beijing municipal government ordered the first dredging of the lake in 240 years.involving 200,000 men and hundreds of dredgers and other tools, a total of 625,600 cubic meters of sludge was dredged and 205 bombs dropped by the japanese during the anti-japanese war were removed.the summer palace set a precedent for sightseeing by boat.there used to be a large imperial flotilla, of which the ―kunming merry dragon‖ was the most famous.it was destroyed by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860.to make the tour of the summer palace a more pleasant one, a large pleasure boat ―tai he ‖(supreme harmony)was built.this double –decked boat is 37.09 meters long,8,59 meters wide and 10.49 meters high.it can travel at a speed of 9 kilometer per hour.small pleasure boats are also available to tourist.another major spot of interest on the western causeway is jingming(bright view)hall.both its front and rear face the lake.this structure also features three two-storeyed halls of varying heights.our tour is drawing to a close as we approach the shore.today we only visited the major scenic areas of the summer palace.i have left other spot of interest for your next visit.i will show you out through the east gate.i hope you enjoyed today` s tour.thank you.good-bye and good luck.天安门

Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen(the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing.It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen(the Gate of Heavenly Succession).At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war.When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers.The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate.The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep.According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place.The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1)The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian(Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court.The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan(tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen(Gate of supreme Harmony)2)The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting(dragon pavilion).Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen(Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.3)A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict.The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.4)The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord.The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.5)The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.Such a process was historically recorded as ― Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix‖.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage.It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark(Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave.The Park was formerly called Shejitan(Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land.It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao(the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe(Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it.Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao(Imperial Bridge).The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao(Royal’s Bridges).Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao(ministerial Bridges).The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao(common Bridges).They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries.They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway.In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao.They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon.Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns.The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources.One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar.Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.The beast sitting on the top of the column is called‖ hou‖, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour.He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time.Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names‖ Wangjunhui‖(Expecting the emperor’s coming back)and ― wangjunchu‖(Expecting the emperor’s going out)respectinvely.In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions.The two rows of chaofang(antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chinea.Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:‖ Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World‖.Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world.The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history.It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.Tian’anmen Square Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares(109 acres)that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings.It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.Around the Square are several famous buildings: 1 The Great Hall of the People This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world.Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south.In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao.Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution These two museums were also built in 1959.the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919: 1)The Primitive Society(1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);2)The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);3)The Feudal Society(475 BC.To 1840 AD.);4)The Semi-Colonial and Semi-Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people.Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958.in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble.The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province.It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in)high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country.Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads‖ Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!‖.On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude.At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840.They are:

1)The Burning of Opium in 1840: 2)The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;3)The Revolution of 1911;4)The May Fourth Movement of 1919;5)The May 30th Movement of 1925;6)The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;7)The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;8)The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949.This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—― Supplying the Front‖ and ― Greeting the P.L.A.‖.Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 197 6.In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year.The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture.East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution(1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949.The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby.On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long(79-foot-long)tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay.It expresses his full great expectations for the country.Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.天坛