强调句结构（推荐10篇）
1.此强调结构的重要特征
“强调”就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“It is(was)+that(who)+句子的其余部分”。这种强调结构也是英语高中里最常见的强调句语法考查。
此强调结构最重要的特征是it在句中无具体指代意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用，并且去掉强调结构“It is(was)… that(who)…”后，剩下的句子部分仍能组成一个意思完整的句子，这便是区别名词性从句和状语从句进而判断是不是强调句型的关键。请认真揣摩下面一道高考原题：
---Where did you get to know her?（07山东）---It was on the farm ____ we worked.A.that B.there C.which D.where 答案D。该句易误作强调句型，A是强干扰项。这里where we worked 是定语从句，修饰the farm。It指“与她相识”这件事，有具体的指代意义，由此可知不是强调句。该题很容易受思维定势的影响误以为考察强调句。而平时大家一再强调，用强调句型时即使强调地点状语，也不能用where而用that。
该句如果要用“it was… that”强调句型的话，可改写为“It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.”
2.具体结构和具体注意点
这种强调句的基本结构为“It +is（was）/should(could, might…)be+被强调部分+ that/who（whom）/whose+句子的其他成分”。如果被强调部分是人，用 “that”, “who”, “whom”;如果被强调部分是物，用 “that”或 “which”；如果强调状语时，也只能用 “that”, 不能“when”, “where”和 “why”。请理解以下句子：
（1）It was the congress that played the decisive role in declaring the war.（2）It was because it rained heavily that they didn’t go swimming.(不能用why)在做强调句练习时，需要注意：
a．强调的成分通常为主语、宾语、宾补、状语等，而作表语的形容词不能用作强调：
误：It is beautiful that Helen is.正：It is a beautiful lady that Helen is.b．强调句中 “who” 或“that” 后的谓语动词，应与前面被强调的名词或代词在人称、时态和数上保持一致：
（1）It is I who am responsible for the accident（人称）
（2）It was Tom that/who painted the paper black yesterday.（时态）
（3）More often it is the prime minister, but not the members of his cabinet, who visit other countries as the symbol of his country.（数）
c.对否定句中的某部分进行强调时，要注意 “not” 的前移:
（1）It was not in the street that I saw her.(比较: I didn’t see her in the street.)两句话的意思一样吗？
3.集中常见的变式和“It is/was + not until + 被强调部分+ that + „”结构
其实说变式是有些牵强的。因为所有的此类强调结构都符合一个特点，即it在句中无具体指代意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用，并且去掉强调结构“It is(was)… that(who)…”后，剩下的句子部分仍能组成一个意思完整的句子。只要符合这特点，此结构就可以用在其他句式当中。如：
（1）Was it those that the professor regarded with such contempt?（反问句）
注意
在疑问句中，当宾语是 “them” 时，强调时要改为 “those”
（2）Who was it that interviewed you?（特殊疑问句）
（3）What a glorious bonfire it was that you made!（感叹句）
（4）He told me that it was because he was ill that he was late.（宾语从句）
☆ “It is/was + not until + 被强调部分+ that + „”结构
最主要的难点是要理解其中until前面的not是被提前，而不是用来否定until后面的强调部分的。试辨析以下两个句子：
一、It-type强调句的结构为
It is/ was+被强调成分+that/ who/ which+句子的其他成分。
就下面一个普通陈述句我们看一下强调句的应用:
It was Ann Pete’s husband that (who) rushed her to a nerby hospital last night. (强调主语)
It was her (Ann Peter) that Ann Peter’s husband rushed to a nearby hospital last night. (强调宾语)
It was to a nearby hospital that Ann Peter’s husband rushed her last night. (强调壮语)
It was last night that Ann Peter’s husband rushed her to a nearby hospital. (强调壮语)
二、在应用这个强调句句型时, 我们应注意的一些问题
1.当原句叙述的是现在或者是将来发生的事情用“It is... that...”的句子;当原句叙述的是过去发生的事情, 则用“It was... that...”的句式。
2.在这种强调句子式中, 一般用that引出句子的其他部分;如被强调的部分是表示人的意义的名词时, 可以用who代替that引出句子的其他部分;如果被强调的部分是表示事物意义的名词时, 可以用which代替that引出句子的其他部分。但是, 无论被强调的部分是表示地点, 还是表示时间意义的名词, 都不可以用where或when。
It is that man who / that is teaching our English.
It was my telephone number which / that Miss White hapened to know.
3.从以上例句中, 我们发现, 强调句中只强调了主语、宾语、状语 (时间状语和地点状语) , 而对于谓语部分, 我们并未做出强调。所以说, 没有强调谓语的强调句, 但可以通过谓语部分相应的助动词进行强调:do/ does/ did+动词原形。
I do believe that he is an honest man. 我的确相信他是老实人。
She does like literature. 她确实喜欢文学。
They did go to see you yesterdy, but failed to meet you.
他们昨天的确去看过你, 但是没见到你。
4.It-type强调句通常可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。但是强调状语时, 有几个方面必须注意的:
(1) 条件、让步状语从句不能强调, 例如:
If it rains, we won’t go out.
如果下雨, 我们就不出去。
We’ll try to finish the work in time though we are short of man power.
虽然我们缺乏人力, 我们还是要设法按时完成工作。
不能强调为:
It is if it rains that we won’t go out.
It is though we are short of man power that we’ll try to finish the work in time.
(2) It-type强调句可强调because 引导的原因状语从句, 但不可以强调as、since引导的原因状语从句, 例如:
I do it bacause I like it. 因为我喜欢, 我爱干。
可强调为:
It is because I like it that I do it.
下面这个句子则不可以用强调句:
Since no one is against it, we’ll adopt the proposal.
既然没有人反对, 这个议案我们就通过了。
(3) It-type强调句可强调so that 引起的目的状语从句, 但不能强调so that 引起的结果状语从句。例如:
The six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could havea “look”.
六个盲人要求赶象人让这头巨兽停下来, 以便他们能“看一看”。
可强调为:
It was so that they could hve a“look” that the six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast.
下面这个句子则不可以强调:
He didn’t plan his time well, so that he didn’t finish the work in time.
(4) 对由until引起的短语或从句强调, 注意否定前移, 例如:
I didn’t learn it until yesterday.
直到昨天我才知道这件事。
写成强调句型应该是:
It was not until yesterday that I learned it.
(5) 判断强调句的主要依据为:把It is/ was... that/ who/ whick...的结构框架去掉, 句子结构依然完整, 强调主语的强调句子与原句毫无变化, 强调其他部分的强调句, 只是被强调成分的位置与原句有变化。
例如:
(It was) Tom (who) didi it.
(It was) in the bookstore (that) I bought the dictionary.
(6) 强调句的疑问形式根据被强调成分分别为:
Who was / is it that...
What was / is it that...
Where was / is it that...
When was / is it that...
(7) 强调句与其他句型的区别:
①“It+be+adj. / n. / 过去分词+that 从句”句型。该句型中的it是形式主语, that引导从句是真正的主语从句。
It ia important that he should learn English well.
②“It+be+时间段+ since...”句型表示“自从……已有多久了”。
It is two months since he fell ill.
③“It be... before...”句型表示“……多久后发生……”。
It was a long time before they met again.
④强调句句型与定语从句的区别, 试比较:
It was eight o’clock when he came back. (此句为定语从句)
首先，弄清强调句的基本结构和成句原则。
其基本结构是It is/was...that/who...，当强调句子的某个成分时，就将被强调的部分放在It is/was...that/who中间。其成句原则是：当It was/is...that/who去掉之后，剩下的句子仍然是一个完整的句子。
其次，弄清强调句的基本类型只有两种：一种是陈述强调句，一种是疑问强调句。
先说陈述强调句。要特别注意两点：当强调人时，用It is/was...who...，当强调物时，用It is/was...that...。不过，无论强调人，还是强调物，只要句子陈述的是一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时，都用is；只要句子陈述的是一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行时、过去将来时、过去将来进行时，都用was。例如：
Tom met your brother yesterday in the park. 汤姆昨天在公园遇见了你哥哥。
It was Tom who met your brother yesterday in the park. 正是汤姆昨天在公园遇见了你哥哥。
It was yesterday that Tom met your brother. 正是昨天汤姆在公园遇见了你哥哥。
It was in the park that Tom met your brother yesterday. 正是在公园汤姆昨天遇见了你哥哥。
再说疑问强调句。其句型结构：特殊疑问词（What/Why/How/Where/When/Who）+ was/is it that...。例如：
What was it that made you sad？ 究竟是什么让你伤心？
When is it that we will set off？ 我们究竟什么时候出发？
How was it that you got there？ 你们究竟怎么到那里的？
注意， 当这种疑问强调句充当从句时，句子要变形成陈述句的语序，所以，这个结构就变成为（What/Why/How/Where/When/Who）+it is/was that...。例如：
Can you tell me what it was that made you sad？你能告诉我究竟是什么让你伤心吗？
I don’t know when it is that we will set off. 我不知道我们究竟什么时候出发。
第三，弄清易错的两点：
1. 句型相似，句意有异。例如：
It was in the factory that my father used to work.我父亲过去正是在这间工厂工作。
It was the factory where my father used to work.这是我父亲过去工作过的工厂。
仔细观察这两个句子，前一个是强调句，后一个却是定语从句。区分它们的关键是强调句里被强调部分是一个介词词组，定语从句中was之后的是一个名词。再如：
It was at 7 o’clock that he came back yesterday. 他昨天正是在七点钟回来的。
It was 7 o’clock when he came back yesterday. 他昨天回来时是七点钟。
再如，以下例句，不必分析句子结构，作为固定句型记下来。
It is the third time that Tony and his sisters have yawned； they must be sleepy. 这是托尼和他妹妹们第三次打呵欠了，他们一定困了。
It is a pity that he didn’t take part in my birthday party. 真遗憾他没参加我的生日晚会。
第一句：It is/was the first/second time that这是第几次做……事情了，重点记住that从句中用完成时态。
第二句：It is a pity/a surprise/a shame/no wonder that...
类似的句型还有：
①It is necessary/important/strange that...
②It’s said/reported/believed/knowned that...
③It occurred to/struck me that...
2. 意思相同，句型不同。下面这个句子有两种翻译方法，请注意它们的区别：直到我读了你的信，我才理解了他的做法。
①It was not until I read your letter that I understood why he did so. （强调句）
②Not until I read the letter did I understand why he did so. （倒装句）
练习答案
1. I don’t understand smoking is not allowed here.
我不理解究竟为什么这里不准抽烟。
2. It he told me the truth I knew what had happened.
直到他告诉我真相我才明白发生了什么。
3. Can you tell me they went？
你能告诉我他们究竟去哪里了吗？
4. made him so happy？
究竟是什么使得他如此开心？
5. It that they met on the corner of the street.
正是在那个阳光明媚的早晨，他们在街角相遇了。
6. According to the media， after Nelson Mandela passed away， it was in his hometown .
据媒体报道，纳尔逊·曼德拉过世后，被葬在他的家乡了。
练习答案
1. why it is that
2. was not until...that
3. where it was that
4. What was it that
5. was on the sunny morning
6. that he was buried
以下是考官写的一句话：
It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person‘s personality and dictates how that personality develops.
强调句是考生比较难把握的一种句型，容易和it引导的形式主语相混淆，但其实我们只要找到强调句的一个特点，即去掉It is… that… / It is… who…仍然是一个完整的句子。
通过以上三种句式结构的介绍，考生就能轻松给简单句穿上外衣进行包装了，这样表达同样的意思用不同的句式结构，出来的效果完全不一样。在笔者平时在课堂的教学中，这几个句型帮助学生突破了如何写好句子的瓶颈。下面我们来看一句话分别用不同的三种表达方法，明显改变了效果。
中文： 二十世纪末科技的繁荣，人们开始广泛使用电脑。
(1) witness 句型
The late 20th century witnessed the prosperity in science and technology, thereby giving rise to the wide application of computers.
(2) With结构状语前置
With the prosperity in science and technology in the late 20th century, the computers were widely applied.
(3) 倒装句
So flourishing was the science and technology in the late 20th century that computers were widely applied in various fronts.
(4) 强调句型
It was the prosperity in science and technology in the late 20th century that gave rise to the wide application of computers.
雅思高分写作强调句句型!
1. 对动词进行强调(dodoesdid + V)
Sitting in front of the screen does damage the eye and physical posture of children.
Some people do believe that the overuse of chemicals (e.g. Fertilizers and pesticides) do pose a threat to the well-being of local people.
2. 双重否定可表强调
We cannot deny that receiving the distance education is never without drawbacks.
It is not unrealistic for the government to reduce the amount of waste.
3. 比较状语可表强调
Nothing is more important than to develop the children’s ability of learning on their own.
Students would have greater capability to deal with their academic life than those who do not have the gap year spent in working or travelling.
Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past.
4. what引导的主从可表强调
What is related to the economic collapse is the failure of the government’s policies.
What really matters is cooperation.
5. 强调句型可表强调
It is/was + 被强调的成分 + that/who, 所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但必须保证其结构完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等，但不能是定语或谓语。
It is the government that should shoulder the responsibility to protect the endangered species.(对主语强调)
It is teachers who are competent to instruct their students to be a good social member.(对主语强调)
It is through job training that the young unemployed would have the opportunity to get jobs again.(对状语强调)
It is the large company which the public think polluting the water supply.(对宾语进行强调)
6、倒装可表强调(凡是倒装都可以表示强调)
Littlie do people take into account the seriousness of this problem.
7、adv或adj可表强调：Never only Very
A
(1) It was last year when you taught me how to drive.
(2) It was last year that you taught me how to drive.
这两句有一句是错误的，你发现了吗?如果找到了，
那么你就掌握这个知识点了
开讲了!!!
A组中的(1)句是错误的。因为之前讲过when=in which
没有in last year，这个短语。(2)句是强调时间状语
B
(1)It is on the island that they spent 10 years.
(2)It is the island where they spent 10years.
B组 第一句是强调句，强调地点状语on the island
第二句是定语从句，先行词为the island
方法
把It is/was........that......去掉后句子意思、结构完整则是强调句;
如果去掉It is/was .....引导词.....后成分短缺为定语从句。
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消 费者购买产品。
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
[参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的.所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。
5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
[参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
四川省经信委轻纺处、四川省环保厅污防处、四川省科协学会部、四川省纤检局、成都武侯新城管委会等省市有关部门负责同志出席了会议;四川省皮革行业协会名誉理事长李发祥以及四川省皮革行业协会理事单位的领导与企业代表参加了本届理事年会。
会议认为, 近年来受国际金融危机、欧债危机的冲击, 国际金融形势持续低迷, 鞋业出口面临着空前的压力, 在激烈的市场竞争中, 注重企业品牌建设已成为全省制鞋业的共识。大多企业在调整产业结构的过程中, 创名牌、实施品牌战略成了企业稳定发展的重要举措。目前, 四川制鞋骨干企业均十分注重自创品牌, 并逐步摸索出一套具有自身特点的品牌运营模式, 为促进成都鞋业结构调整和加快鞋业产业转型升级奠定了坚实的基础。
会上, 全省制鞋企业代表在会上发言表示, 压力其实也是动力, 面对市场困境, 不能错失发展的良机, 面对产业转型升级的大好机遇, 成都鞋业企业不能停止前进的步伐、丧失拼搏的勇气, 要加速提升品牌影响力, 增强成都鞋业核心竞争力, 为实现全省行业“十二五”目标而做出鞋业行业的应有努力。
【关键词】强调句 用法 考点 高考题
一.强调句型的用法:
用法一:强调主语:
1.(2007全国高考)Between the two generations, it is often not their age,____ their education that causes misunderstanding.
A. likeB. asC. or D. but
[析]此句包含有强调句式,其中被强调的两个主语their age和 their education是用連词not...but...连起来的。 故答案应选D。
用法二:强调宾语:
1. (2007 重庆检测)Is it a professor from London University____our school will invite as a visiting professor?
A. /B. where C. that D. which
[析]本题用强调句型强调visit的宾语professor from London University。故答案应选C。
用法三:强调状语:
1. (2008 天津) It was along the Mississippi River____Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how B. whichC. that D. where
[析]本句考查强调句型。本局强调的是地点状语along the Mississippi River,that引导剩余部分。故答案应选C。
用法四:强调主语从句:
(2007重庆高考)It’s not who is right but what is right____is of importance.
A. whereB. whatC. that D. when
[析]此题考查强调句式。此句被强调部分是主语从句,that是强调举行的结构词。句意是“重要的不是谁正确,而是什么是正确的”。故答案应选C。
用法五:强调宾语从句:
(2007江西高考)I don’t mind her criticizing me, but____is how she does it that I object to.
A. it B. thatC. thisD. which
[析]本句考查强调句充当宾语结构。其中被强调部分how she does it作动词短语object to的宾语,是宾语从句。故答案应选A。
用法六:强调状语从句:
(1998全国高考)It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. soB. as C. thenD. that
[析]本句考查强调句型。此句是强调句型,被强调部分是时间状语从句only when I reread his poems recently。故答案应选D。
二.掌握强调句型必须注意的几个方面:
1.强调句是现在时或将来时,则be动词用is;若为过去时,则be动词用was。eg:
(2003 上海高考)It was because of bad weather____the football match had to be put off.
A. so B. so thatC. why D. that [答案]D。
2.强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(指人或物);若强调的是状语时,有可能先接定语从句,再接强调句型,一定要多加分析;其引导词只能用that,而不能用when/where或why;且连接词不能省略。eg:
(1995 全国高考)Itwasnot until 1920____regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while B. whichC. that D. since[答案]C。
3.判断是否为强调句的方法:将句中的It is/was…that/who…去掉,经整理后还是完整的句子,该句为强调句。否则,就不是。
4.若强调句在整个复合句中作宾语,强调句须用陈述语序。
5.强调含有either…or…/neither…nor/not only…but also/ not…but…/as well as等词组构成的句子时,that或who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上要使用就近原则或就远原则。
6.下列句子成分不可以强调:谓语动词、表语、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、so that引导的结果状语从句、since或as引导的原因状语从句(强调时,须将since或as改为because)
三.考点归纳:
1. 考查强调句结构以及动词词组的含义。
2.把介词短语作为被强调部分来考查。eg:
(2001 上海春)It was for this reason____her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which B. why C. thatD. how[答案]C。
3. 把状语从句作为被强调部分来考查。eg:
(1992 全国高考)Itwasnotshe took off her dark glasses____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when;that B. until;thatC. until;whenD. when;then[答案]B。
4.把“not until+时间状语/时间状语从句”作为被强调部分来考查。eg:
(2006全国高考)It was not until she got home____Jenifer realized she had lost her keys.
A. when B. thatC. where D. before [答案]B。
5.通过把强调句型由肯定句变为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,或把肯定句变为否定句或否定疑问句等形式来考查。eg:
(2005 山东)---____that he managed to get the information?--- Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was itC. How was it D. Why was it[答案]本句是强调句的特殊疑问,故答案应选C。
6.在被强调的部分后接定语从句,或将强调句放在复合句中或含有特殊疑问词的强调句作宾语从句等形式来考查。eg:
(2006山东高考) I just wonder____that makes him so excited.
A. why it doesB. what it does C. how it isD. what it is[答案]D。
结构和边界--英语谓补句语法化研究
英语及物动词后面所要求的必要成分称为该动词的补足成分.谓词性的补足成分是一个复合成分,由一个动词加上一个显性或隐性的动作主体构成.影响各类有谓词性补足成分的`句子句法结构格式化形成过程的一个重要因素,就是语言单位的结构边界律.正是语言运用者对有关事件的结构及其边界的认识投射到语言运用上来,凝固成为有谓词性补足成分的句子运用的规则,从而促成了有谓词性补足成分的句子的句法结构格式化,成为三类不同的有谓词性补足成分句子表达格式.
作 者：徐盛桓 作者单位：河南大学,外语学院,河南,开封,475001 刊 名：外国语 PKU CSSCI英文刊名：JOURNAL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES 年，卷(期)：2005 “”(1) 分类号：H043 关键词：谓词性的补足成分 结构边界律 句法结构格式化托福阅读看懂长难句先分清主次
想要快速的理解长难句句意，就要分析清楚句子的主次部分，确定哪些是修饰成分哪些是主要内容，只有这样才能完全充分的理解句子。那么问题就来了，句子不都是由单词拼出来的，为啥要分主次呢?一个句子的基本构成是由主谓，或者主谓宾(包含主系表)构成的，一个正确句子里只能有一套主谓宾，而这个主谓宾就是我们分析理解句子最关键的主干内容，剩下的就都是作为修饰的成分。所以我们一定要抓住本质，再谈修饰。如果在看英文句子的时候我们过多关注修饰成分，要么会被绕进去、搞得晕头转向、不明所以，要么因为修饰成分过于冗长，促使我们形成鱼的记忆——读完后面忘前面。
实例讲解托福阅读长难句拆分理解思路
这个道理听起来好像很简单，但是实际操作起来却没那么容易，举个例子：
In addition to finding an increaseof suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtimegame biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the openareas to be substantially more nutritive.
这个句子我们应该这样看：
1. 句子以in addition to开头的，in addition to 相当于besides，所以是个介词短语，为啥说它是介词呢，简单，看到finding了吗，都变形了。这就像我们之前说的都是修饰成分。
2. 后面接着个熟悉的单词like，like有两种用法，一个是I like you/you like him/ he likes her…这里的like翻译成喜欢，是动词，还有一个是she is smiling at me like an angel. 她对着我微笑，像个天使一样，这里的like是介词，译为“像”，后面直接接名词。原句中的like后面接的是果子的名称，起列举的作用，也是介词，那也就是修饰成分了。
3. 跳过了两处的修饰之后，出现了一个名字，AE这个人，接下来是两个逗号夹着一个名词短语，说的是一个生物学家，这就是传说中的同位语，起解释说明的作用，那可以站到修饰成分的队伍中了。
4. 最后found奠定了自己主干动词的地位，引出了句子的主要信息，就是那个AE发现了什么。
所以，句子主演信息就被提取成 AE found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive. AE发现在开阔地域的草的质量是更加有营养的。
同学们，懂了没?再来一个难度升级的句子：
Even in the best of circumstances,fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficultfor small companies to broaden their customer bases: when such firms havenearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may trulyhave to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
第一步，看这个句子… even in the best of circumstances，一看就是表示地点的状语，这样的妥妥是修饰成份。
第二步，我们就可以看到 fierce competition from larger...，又来了一个from，又是介词，还是次要信息。但是from后面的成分只到名词结束。
之后就是我们的第三步，主要动词makes一定要留下了，后面的信息也要看全，要知道动词后面的宾语到底是什么，而it在这里叫做形式宾语，真正的宾语其实是to broaden their customer bases，for small companies介词短语补充解释这一长串to do结构对于谁difficult，所以从makes开始一直到最后都要搞清楚;
最后一步，就是处理再后面的冒号了，冒号的作用是对前半句的解释，对于解释的信息自然也是我们也可以简单粗暴的理解的次要内容。
综上所述，这句话要主要表达的内容就变成了： fierce competition makes it difficult for small companies to broaden their customer bases. 激烈的竞争很难让小公司扩大他们的客户基础。剩下的修饰成分是告诉我们，在X.X.X的情况下，来自X.X.X的压力，以及到底有什么具体情况出现。这样划分完句子的主次成分，句子的脉络清晰了，主要表达的意思也就变得容易理解了。
现在，各位考生get了没，介词短语引导的部分通常是作为句子的修饰成分，无论是状语还是后置定语。常用介词 in、from、on、at、by、as等。不要奢望有什么窍门方法可以让我们只看几个小词就能蒙清楚句子意思，其实只有分析清楚句子的主次成分，更好的分析句子构成，才能更好的搞定阅读中的长难句。
托福阅读长难句实战向分析演练：A glance at a map of the...
托福阅读长难句实例
A glance at a map of the Pacific Ocean reveals that there are many islands far out at sea that are actually volcanoes—many no longer active, some overgrown with coral—that originated from activity at points in the interior of the Pacific Plate that forms the Pacific seafloor.
句子分析
本句的主语是a glance，谓语动词则是reveals，在这个谓语之后由that引起了宾语从句。这个宾语从句比较长，在理解时，可以把破折号之间的插入语跳过，先理清楚三个定语从句，第一个that的定语从句，用来修饰前面的many islands，破折号之后that引导的定语从句，用来修饰前面的volcanoes，而本句最后还有一个that的定语从句，则是修饰前面的the Pacific Plate。读明白以上这些后，再读插入语，它其实只是对前面volcanoes作补充说明而已。
词汇总结
glance作名词，意思是“一瞥，看一眼”，比如：He gave her a quick glance as she walked into the room. 她走进房间时，他朝她看了一眼。take/give/show a glance at sth.是常用的词组，表示“看一眼……”。
reveal作动词，表示“显露;揭露”，是托福阅读词汇题所考查的高频词汇，与“show”的意思相近，比如：The curtains opened to reveal a darkened stage. 大幕拉开，露出一片漆黑的舞台。The newspaper story revealed a cover-up of huge proportions. 报纸的报道揭露了一件掩饰真相的事件，此事牵连甚广。
volcano作名词，表示“火山”。
overgrown作形容词，意思是“长满的”，比如：The garden will be overgrown with weeds by the time we get back. 我们回来的时候，花园里将是杂草丛生。
originate作动词，表示“发源;创始”，比如：a custom originating in Chinese culture 源自中国文化的一种习俗。
interior作形容词，表示“内部的”，比如：The interior lighting is not adequate. 内部照明不足。
plate在地理中指的是“板块”。
句子翻译
扫一眼太平洋的地图就能知道那里有许多在大海深处的岛屿，那些岛屿其实都是火山，其中许多已经不活动了，有一些还长满了珊瑚，这些火山起源于当时太平洋板块内部的地质活动，这样的板块形成了太平洋的海底。
托福阅读长难句实战向分析演练：Pioneer species those that occur...
托福阅读长难句实例
Pioneer species – those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization – tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules (seeds, spores, and so on) and because they have an efficient means of dispersal (normally, wind)
句子分析
本句主句的主语是pioneer species，谓语动词是tend，主语之后两个破折号(相当于括号)之间的内容是插入语，也是同位语，对主语起解释说明作用。本句主要还有两个because引起的原因状语从句，由and并列连接。本句被简化后的主要结构应该是：Pioneer species tend to have high rates of invasion because … and because …。
词汇总结
pioneer作名词，表示“开拓者;先锋”，pioneer species指的是“先锋物种”，该物种是一个生态学概念，指的是处于一个生态群落演替早期阶段或演替中期阶段的物种。
colonization作名词，表示“殖民化;动物、植物的移居或建群”，其动词形式是colonize，比如：Toads are colonizing the whole place. 蟾蜍正在移居到整个地区。The area was then colonized by this plant. 那时该地区被大量这个植物所覆盖。
invasion作名词，表示“侵略;涌入”。
reproductive作形容词，表示“繁殖的”，其动词形式是reproduce，比如：Bacteria normally divide and reproduce themselves every twenty minutes. 正常情况下细菌每20分钟分裂并繁殖一次。
本句还要注意利用括号里的解释来辅助理解单词，比如：对于propagule这个新词的理解，只要认识括号里seeds(种子)就能猜出propagule应该是类似于种子的意思，其实propagule就表示“能发育成植物体的芽”。
dispersal表示“传播”的意思，an efficient means of dispersal指的是“一种高效的传播方式”，还比如：the dispersal of information 消息的传播，这个词组常可以用于写作。
句子翻译
先锋物种—只出现在植物殖民化最初阶段的物种—拥有很高的入侵率，因为它们可以产生大量的繁殖体 (种子、孢子等) ，还因为它们拥有一种高效的传播方式 (通常靠风)。
托福阅读长难句实战向分析演练：In 1972 paleontologist Stephen...
托福阅读长难句实例
In 1972 paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge challenged conventional wisdom with an opposing viewpoint, the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis, which posits that species give rise to new species in relatively sudden bursts, without a lengthy transition period.
句子分析
本句的主语是Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge，谓语动词是challenged, 宾语是conventional wisdom。而the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis则是an opposing viewpoint的同位语，用来进一步解释这个反对的观点。在同位语之后，有which引导的定语从句，修饰前面的equilibrium hypothesis，这个定语从句的谓语动词是posits。
词汇总结
conventional作形容词，表示“传统的;习惯的;常规的”，比如：She is a respectable married woman with conventional opinions. 她是一位可敬的观念传统的已婚妇女。We must reduce the danger of war by controlling nuclear, chemical, and conventional arms. 我们必须通过控制核武器、化学武器和常规武器来降低战争的危险。conventional是托福阅读词汇题所考查的高频词汇，与“traditional”, “customary”意思相近。
opposing作形容词，表示“相反的，对立的”，比如：The opposing armies were already preparing for war. 反对派的军队已经在备战了。May and Joe have opposing vies on the purpose of going to preschools. 玛丽和乔对于上学前班的目的持截然相反的观点。
punctuate作动词，表示“不时打断”，比如：The game was punctuated by a series of injuries. 那场比赛因不时有人受伤而中断。
equilibrium作名词，表示“平衡，均衡”，比如：The main task now is the maintenance of social equilibrium. 现在的主要任务是维持社会平衡。本句中的punctuated equilibrium是一个生物学科词，表示“间断平衡理论”，该理论认为：物种的进化是先处于一段时间的稳定状态，然后经历突然被打断的变化，最后再次恢复平衡。
posit作动词，表示“假定”，比如：He posited that the world economy is a system with its own particular equilibrium. 他假定世界经济是一个有其自身某种平衡的体系。
give rise to的意思是“引起，导致”，是写作可以经常使用的词组，比如：Our addiction to cellphones has given rise to many social problems. 我们对手机的沉迷引起了很多社会问题。
burst作名词，表示“爆发”，比如：bursts of violent temper 突然发大脾气。
lengthy作形容词，表示“(时间)过长的，冗长的”。
句子翻译
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