2005—2013年浙江高考非谓语动词

2005—2013年浙江高考非谓语动词（精选7篇）

2005—2013年浙江高考非谓语动词篇1

2005—2013年浙江高考非谓语动词

查单词：

1.course

2.culture

3.pay attention to

4.similarity

5.compare

6.remain

7.fit

8.final

9.struggle

10.demand

11.vegetable

12.drive

13.realize

14.tired

15.short of breath

16.evidence

17.activity

18.engaged

19.indicate

20.experiment

21.proper

22.amount

23.exercise

24.regular

25.improve

26.carry out

27.traffic

28.weigh

29.creature

30.span

31.cheer

32.enthusiastic

33.supporter

34.reserve

35.customer

36.react

37.create

38.add

39.pleasure

40.treat

链接浙江高考：

1._____more about university courses,call(920)746-3789.(05‟浙江)

A.To find outB.Finding outC.Find outD.Having found out

2．When _________ different cultures, we ofen pay attention only to the differences

without noticing the many similarities.(06‟浙江)

A.comparedB.being comparedC.comparingD.having compared

3．It remains ________ whether Jim‟ll be fit enough to play in the finals.(06‟浙江)

A.seenB.to be seenC.seeingD.to see

4.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _________.(07‟浙江)

A.to be heardB.to have heardC.hearingD.being heard

5._________ by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.(07‟浙江)

A.DrivenB.Being drivenC.To driveD.Having driven

6.______that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest.(08‟浙江)

A.Not realizedB.Not to realizeC.Not realizingD.Not to have realized

7.It is one of the funniest things ______on the Internet so far this year.(08‟浙江)

A.findingB.being foundC.to findD.found

8.______and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(09‟浙江)

A.To be tiredB.TiredC.TiringD.Being tired

9.There is a great deal of evidence_______that music activities engage different parts of thebrain.(09‟浙江)

A.indicateB.indicatingC.to indicateD.to be indicating

10.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, ifregularly, can improve our health.(10‟浙江)

A．being carried outB．carrying outC．carried outD．to carry out

11.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.(10‟浙江)

A.being weighedB.to weighC.weighedD.weighing

12.Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years.(11‟浙江)

A.havingB.hadC.haveD.to have

13.Even the best writers find themselves _______for words.(11‟浙江)

A.loseB.lostC.to loseD.having lost

14.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______by their enthusiastic supporters.(11‟浙江)

A.being cheeredB.be cheeredC.to be cheeredD.were cheered

15.No matter how bright a talker you are , there are times when it „s better _____silent.(12‟浙江)

A.remainB.be remainingC.having remainedD.to remain

16.“ It‟s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table______ for customers.(12‟浙江)

A.to be reservedB.having reservedC.reservingD.reserved

17._______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.(13‟浙江)

A.HearingB.HearC.Having heardD.To be hearing

18.There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.(13‟浙江)

A.not treated

2005—2013年浙江高考非谓语动词篇2

关键词：英语教学,非谓语动词,复合结构

历年的高考题中，出现过不少非谓语动词的题目，其中运用到复合结构中的考题不在少数，而学生对于非谓语动词的考题失分率是较高的。下面笔者对非谓语动词在复合结构中的使用进行了总结，希望有助于大家解答遇到的相关题目，掌握非谓语动词的用法。英语中使用到非谓语动词的复合结构主要由两个部分构成：一个部分是逻辑主语(人或物)，另一个部分是逻辑谓语(非谓语动词)，关键在于分析逻辑主语和逻辑谓语之间的逻辑关系。

一、动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由“形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词”构成，常在句子中充当主语或宾语。

1. 作主语

____________the meeting himself gave us a great deal of encouragement. (2003.上海卷)

A.The president will attendB.The president to attend

C.The president attendedD.The president’s attending

答案选D。解题思路：根据句意是“总统亲自来参加会议”这件事给了我们极大的鼓舞，分析句子结构可见需要完成的是句子的主语部分，所以用动名词充当主语，The president’s是attending的逻辑主语，是attending的动作执行者。

2. 作宾语

Victor apologized for______to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004.上海卷)

A.his being not ableB.him not to be able

C.his not being ableD.him to be not able

答案选C。解题思路：for作为介词，其后接介宾，根据句意，Victor是为了“他没有通知我计划的改变”这件事而道歉，所以用动名词充当宾语，his是动名词的逻辑主语，注意not的位置，非谓语的否定形式是把否定词放在非谓语的前面。

在口语和非正式文体中动名词的复合结构作宾语时，其中的形容词性物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词所有格常用名词的普通格代替。

二、动词不定式的复合结构

“of/for+名词/代词(宾格)+不定式”

It’s important for the figures_______regularly. (2011.北京卷)

A.to be updatedB.to have been updated

C.to updateD.to have updated

答案选A。解题思路：句意为“经常更新这些数据很重要”，B项D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update之间存在被动关系。

可见，在动词不定式的复合结构中，要分析不定式和of/for后面的名词或代词(不定式的逻辑主语)之间的逻辑关系。

三、复合宾语

1. 动词+宾语+补足语

有时补足语可以由不定式、现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等形式充当，因为本文主要介绍非谓语动词在复合结构中的用法，所以主要介绍不定式、现在分词、过去分词充当补足语的情况，以下内容也是如此。

(1)动词+宾语+不定式

此结构中，宾语和充当宾补的不定式之间常常存在逻辑上的主动关系，尤其要注意谓语是使役动词和感官动词的情况。

(1) 一些动词如ask, want, wish, order, tell, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require, persuade等常用“宾语+带to的不定式”作复合宾语。

The teacher asked us%%%%so much noise.(2003.北京卷)

A.don’t makB.not makeC.not makingD.not to make

答案选D。解题思路：此题是典型的ask sb.(not) to do sth.句型。

(2) 在主动语态的句子中，使役动词和感官动词如make, have, let, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel等常用“宾语+不带to的不定式”作复合宾语。在被动语态的句子中, 要用带to的不定式作补足语。

My parents have always made me______about myself, even when I was twelve. (2007江苏卷)

A.feeling wellB.feeling goodC.feel wellD.feel good

答案选D。解题思路：make后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，省去to，而且通常不接-ing形式作宾补，即make sb.do sth.结构，意为“使某人做某事”，由此可以排除A，项和B项，feel是连系动词，后应接形容词作表语，feel good表示“感到不错，感到满意，感到自信”的意思，feel well意为“感到身体好”。

(2)动词+宾语+现在分词

此结构中，宾语和充当宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，而且常常是表示该动作正在进行中。

Listen!Do you hear someone%%%%for help? (2010.湖南卷)

A.callingB.callC.to callD.called

答案选A。解题思路：本题考查hear等感官动词的宾补。根据句意可判断someone与call是主动关系，而且题中的“Listen!”已暗示了语境，表示正在发生的事情。

(3)动词+宾语+过去分词

此结构中，宾语和充当宾补的过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。

Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_________of his own dreams.(2011.重庆卷)

A.remindingB.to remindC.remindedD.remind

答案选C。解题思路：此题要仔细分析句子的结构，记住remind sb.of (doing) sth.，keep sb.doing sth.和keep sb./sth.done.该句子可以理解为A picture of Yao Ming keeps him reminding himself of his own dreams.现在把himself提在remind的前面，其又是remind的动作承受者，所以remind要变成reminded。可见，判断himself和它的补足语之间的逻辑关系是解题的关键。

2. with的复合结构

(1) with+名词/代词(宾格)+不定式

在此结构中，with后的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，常常表示动作尚未发生，而且常用不定式的主动式表被动意义。

With no one to______in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. (2006.陕西卷)

A.turn toB.turn onC.turn offD.turn over

答案选A。解题思路：掌握turn短语的意思就可以解答此题。但从with的复合结构角度来说，题中no one和to turn to之间虽然存在被动的逻辑关系，但不定式与she之间是主动关系，所以不需要用被动式。又如：

With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday.有如此多的工作要做，我没有时间去度假了。

(2) with+名词/代词(宾格)+现在分词

在此结构中，with后的名词或代词是现在分词的逻辑主语，它们之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，而且常常表示动作在进行中。

———Come on.Please give me some ideas about the project.

———Sorry.With so much work____my mind, I almost break down. (2007.福建卷)

A.filledB.fillingC.to fillD.being filled

答案选B。解题思路：题中so much work和fill之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，而且动作正在进行中。

(3) with+名词/代词(宾格)+过去分词

在此结构中，with后的名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语，它们之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，而且常常表示动作已完成。

Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions_____? (2009.宁夏卷)

A.takingB.takeC.takenD.to take

答案选C。解题思路：题中decisions和take之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，而且动作已完成。

四、独立主格结构

独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上非谓语、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的非谓语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于句前、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与句子之间不能使用任何连接词。

Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some__________a life span of around 20 years. (2011.浙江卷)

A.havingB.hadC.haveD.to have

答案选A。解题思路：判断本题是独立主格结构的依据正如上文所述，逗号前是一个主系表结构完整的句子，该句子与下文之间没有任何连接词，可见下文不是一个从句，而是要填非谓语，再根据空格前的some是空格处的非谓语动词的逻辑主语，它们之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。

参考文献

[1]李丽霞等.2011中国高考年鉴英语卷.中国致公出版社, 2011.

[2]林雯等.2010中国高考年鉴英语卷.中国致公出版社, 2010.

[3]杨学军, 朱瑛.高中英语学习辞典.四川人民出版社, 1998.

2005—2013年浙江高考非谓语动词篇3

考点一非谓语动词作宾语补足语

能作宾语补足语的非谓语动词有现在分词、过去分词和不定式。常接带to不定式作宾补的动词(词组)有want、warn、wait for、ask、tell、cause、call on、help、get、like、order、beg、allow、long for、forbid、force、advise、know、encourage、teach、invite、permit、persuade等。常接无to不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾补的动词(词组)有：watch、observe、see、look at、make、let、have、hear、overhear、listen to、notice、feel、discover。我们可以用433111来帮助记忆：4看3让3听1注意1感觉1发现。

【真题再现】

1. Listen! Do you hear someone _______ for help? (2010年湖南卷)

A. callingB. callC. to callD. called

2. Alexander tried to get his work _______ in the medical circles. (2010年辽宁卷)

A. to recognizeB. recognizing

C. recognize D. recognized

【解析】1. A。本题考查感官动词后用非谓语动词作宾补的用法。感官动词后可跟do/doing/done三种不同的非谓语作宾补。Hear sb. do sth.强调听到整个动作的过程；hear sb. doing sth.表示听到正在发生的事；而hear sth. done则表示被动。根据someone与call的主动关系可排除D项；因hear后接不带to的不定式，故排除C项；由listen可判断此处表示“有人正在求救”，故选A项。2. D。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。Get sth. done表示“使某物被……”，题干的意思是：“亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。”

考点二非谓语动词作后置定语

作后置定语的非谓语动词有to do、doing、to be done、being done、done五种。当非谓语动词与被修饰词之间构成主动关系时用to do或doing作定语，to do表示将来，doing表示现在；当非谓语动词与被修饰词之间构成被动关系时，则用to do/to be done、being done或done作定语。

需要注意的是，to do和to be done作定语表示被动时，如果句子中某一成分是该不定式的动作执行者，则选用to do；如果句子中没有该不定式的动作执行者，则用to be done作定语。例如：

(1) With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the manager felt worried all the time. (不定式to settle的动作执行者是主语the manager。)

(2) Please give me some books to read. (不定式to read的动作执行者是句中的me。)

(3) I'm going to the post office. Do you have anything to be sent? (Send这个动作不是句中的you发出的，故用to be done的形式。)

【真题再现】

3. His first book _______ next month is based on a true story. (2010年陕西卷)

A. publishedB. to be published

C. to publishD. being published

4. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _______ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (2010年浙江卷)

A. being weighedB. to weigh

C. weighed D. weighing

5. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps_______ from the library. (2010年全国卷I)

A. to borrow B. to be borrowed

C. borrowed D. borrowing

【解析】3. B。Publish与被修饰的名词book之间构成被动关系，由时间状语next month可知，所填的非谓语动词是表示将来的动作，应选择动词不定式，故排除A、D；又因题干中没有publish的动作执行者，故用不定式的被动形式，选B。4. D。分析题干的主干成分可知，主语为the traffic rule，谓语动词是says，后面为宾语从句,而宾语从句中的主干为young children must be in a child safety seat。由此可知，under the age of four and _______less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句中的主语children。此处考生易将weigh与children错误理解为被动关系，但实际上weigh表示“称重”时应用主动形式表示被动意义，即sb. weighs ...，故排除A、C;又因此处并不表示将来，故排除B。因此D为正确答案。5. C。由于borrow和maps是被动关系，故排除D；根据句意可知，borrow这个动作已经发生了，故排除A、B。因此选C。

考点三非谓语动词作状语

能作状语的非谓语动词有to do、doing、having done、done、having been done等。To do、doing和having done与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，而done、having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。To do位于句首时常作目的状语，位于句尾时常用作目的、结果、原因状语等，而only to do常表示与预料中的情况不一致或相反的结果；doing放在句首时常作时间、条件、原因状语等，位于句尾时常用作伴随、方式状语，也可作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果；当非谓语动词所表示的动作时间发生在主句动作时间之前时要用having done；done构成的短语作状语放在句首时常表示时间、原因、条件等，位于句子末尾时表示对前面的情况进行补充说明；而having been done则表示非谓语动词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系，且该动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

【真题再现】

6. With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_______presents for my dad. (2010年全国I卷)

A. buyB. to buy

C. buyingD. to have bought

7. _______ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. (2010年上海卷)

A. Approaching B. Approached

C. To approach D. To be approached

8._______from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. (2010年陕西卷)

A. Seen B. Seeing

C. Having seen D. To see

【解析】6. B。题干的意思是：“父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行里取了一些钱。”题干中空格划在名词后，空格及以后的部分说明了取钱的目的，因此此题考查非谓语动词作目的状语，应用带to不定式，排除A、C；又因buy这个动作不可能发生在take money之前，故排除D。因此B为正确答案。7. A。分析可知，非谓语动词approach与we之间形成主动关系，与谓语动词saw形成伴随关系，故应使用其现在分词形式，表示正在进行或主动的动作，在句中作伴随状语。因此A为正确答案。8. A。此题中非谓语动词see与逻辑主语the south foot of the mountain是被动关系，应用see的过去分词形式，排除B、D；又因see的动作与主句动作并不存在时间上的先后关系，故排除C。因此A为正确答案。

考点四连词+分词(短语)作状语

现在/过去分词(短语)经常可以用在一些连词(if、when、while、whenever、since、before、after、once、until、no matter how、however等)之后作状语，相当于状语从句的省略，此时主、从句的主语相同。

【真题再现】

9. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _______ regularly, can improve our health. (2010年浙江卷)

A. being carried outB. carrying out

C. carried out D. to carry out

【解析】C。分析可知，题干的主语是the experiment，谓语动词是shows，that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主干是proper amounts of exercise can improve our health，而if _______ regularly则是插入的条件句。当条件从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省略从句中的主语，使用非谓语动词的形式作条件状语。此题中，由于carry out的主语与improve的主语都是exercise，故可以省略if条件句中的主语，使用carry out的非谓语动词形式。因carry out与主语之间是被动关系，故排除B、D；又由于此处没有强调carry out这个动作的正在进行之意，而是强调一般情况，即“如果(我们)定期地做(适量运动)”，故排除A选项。因此C为正确答案。

考点五非谓语动词作表语

不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词均可用作表语。过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态，而现在分词作表语则表示主语所具有的特征。动名词作表语表示主语的具体内容时，主语和表语可以互换。

【真题再现】

10. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _______ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (2010年福建卷)

A. stickingB. stuck

C. to be stuckD. to have stuck

【解析】B。由于我们见到的remain后跟to do的情况居多，如“remain to be seen (情况尚未明了) ”，所以此题有误选C的可能。实际上，当remain作系动词时，其后可接形容词、doing、done和to be done 等多种形式作表语。根据题意“仍旧被困在国外”可知，此处表示的是旅客当时的状态，并不表示将来，故排除C、D；又因stick与主语holidaymakers之间是被动关系，故排除A。因此B为正确答案。

考点六独立主格结构中的非谓语动词

独立主格结构由名词或代词加上分词短语构成，在句中作状语，用于修饰整个句子。该结构中的名词或代词与其后的非谓语动词短语构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能用并列连词和从句引导词连接，二者常用逗号隔开。独立主格结构可以转化为相应的状语从句，但不能转化为分词短语作状语，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。“with +名词+非谓语动词”也属于独立主格结构，在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。

【真题再现】

11. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. (2010年山东卷)

A. laidB. layingC. to layD. being laid

【解析】A。本题考查with复合结构的用法。With复合结构的构成是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。此题中table与lay之间是被动关系，故空格处用过去分词表被动，排除B、C；由already可知，此处表示的是table“已经摆放好”的状态，而不是表示“正在摆放”的动作，排除D。故选A。

非谓语动词不仅是高考英语考查的热点之一，也是英语语法中的难点之一，但只要同学们在平时的学习过程中不断归纳总结，再难的问题都会迎刃而解。

作者简介：

2005—2013年浙江高考非谓语动词篇4

1.We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes _____ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.A.fixed

B.fix

C.fixing

D.to fix 2.A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.A.calling

B.to call

C.being called

D.to be called.3.The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, _____ just a minute.So he’s usually the teacher’s pet.A.thought

B.having thought

C.and to think

D.thinking 4.The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door ____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.A.open;to stand

B.opening;stood

C.open;stood

D.opened;standing 5._____ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour, and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.A.Driving

B.I was driving

C.Having driven

D.When I was driving

6.Mr.Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had _____ was nowhere to be seen.A.repairing

B.it repaired

C.repaired

D.to be repaired 7.What did the librarian _____ out of the library? A.permit to take

B.forbid to be taken

C.allow to take D.insist being taken 8.— Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? — _____ the boring time.A.Kill

B.Killing

C.To kill

D.Having killed

9.What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _____ the joy with all the Chinese.A.share

B.shared

C.having shared D.about to share 10.When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _____.A.playing with

B.having played with C.with whom to play with D.with whom to play

11.The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps.A.including;seated

B.including;seating

C.included;sat

D.included;sitting 12.It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.A.holding

B.to be held

C.held

D.to be holding

13._____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A.Being no rain

B.There was no rain C.To be no rain

D.There being no rain 14.Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight.A.making

B.makes

C.to make

D.made 15.In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____.A.to escape burning

B.to escape being burned C.escaping burned

D.escaping from burning 16.Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health.A.continued

B.to continue

C.continues

D.continuing 17.The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____.A.remaining;remained to be settled

B.remaining;remaining to be settled C.remained;remained to settle

D.remained;remaining to settle 18._____ his age, the little boy read quite well.A.Considering

B.Considered

C.Consider

D.Having considered 19._____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful;but in fact, a war will break out soon.A.Judged

B.Judging

C.Having judged

D.To judge 20.— Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he?

— Yes, he does.But what his sister enjoys _____.A.to play;dancing B.playing;to dance C.to play;to dance

D.playing;is to dance

21.His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late.A.having been addressed B.to have addressed C.to have been addressed

D.being addressed 22.The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003, _____ all seven astronauts aboard.A.having killed

B.killing

C.being killed

D.killed 23.There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city.A.needs repairing

B.needing repaired C.needed repairing D.needing to be repaired 24.— What caused the party to be put off?

— _____ the invitations.A.Tom delayed sending B.Tom’s delaying sending C.Tom delaying to send D.Tom delayed to send 25.I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them.A.of talking back;to lose B.of talking back;of losing C.to talk back;to lose

D.to talk back;of losing 26.Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog around me.A.enjoy

B.enjoying

C.enjoyed

D.to enjoy 27.— Is Tom a good talker?

— No, he never speaks to me other than _____ something? A.ask for

B.to ask for

C.asked for

D.asking for 28.I can’t get my car _____ on cold mornings, so I have to try _____ the radiator with some hot water.A.run;to fill

B.running;filling

C.running;to fill

D.ran;filling 29.The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _____ in all directions before he was sent _____ by his wife.A.flying;to sleep

B.flying;sleeping C.to fly;to sleeping D.to fly;to sleep 30.When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _____ but the door _____.A.being on;shut B.burning;shutting C.burning;shut

D.on;shutting 31._____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of life.A.Seeing;frightened

B.Seeing;frightening C.Seen;frightened

D.To see;frightening 32.The competitor never dreamed of _____ for him to win the first prize in the 100-meter race.A.there was a chance B.there being a chance C.it being a chance

D.it was a chance 33._____ everything to go wrong in advance, and you won’t feel quite so bad when it does.A.Having expected

B.Expect

C.To expect

D.Expecting 34.— You _____ part in the party on time.— Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.A.are to take

B.have supposed to take

C.were to have taken

D.supposed to take 35._____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A.When compared B.To compare

C.While comparing

D.It compared 36._____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself _____ at the party.A.Dressed;noticed

B.Dressing;noticing C.Dressed;noticing

D.Dressing;noticed 37.The matter _____ your study surely requires _____ carefully.A.relating to;dealing with

B.related to;dealt with C.related to;being dealt with

D.relating to;having dealt with 38._____ made her parents worried a lot.A.Her not to come back

B.Not her to come back C.Her not coming back

D.Not her coming back 39.Everything _____ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A.to take

B.taken

C.to be taken

D.taking 40.He moved away from his parents and missed them _____ enjoy the exciting life in New York.A.much so as to

B.very much to

C.too much to

D.enough to

41.— What do you think of the plan?

— It’s easier said than _____.A.carried out

B.carrying out

C.carry out

D.to carry out 42.Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum(博鳌论坛)because they knew what _____ from the forum.A.to get

B.to be got

C.got

D.getting 43.There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like _____ to themselves.A.to introduce

B.to be introduced

C.introducing

D.being introduced 44.— Were you at home last Sunday?

— Yeah!I devoted the whole day to _____ the English grammar.A.review

B.reviewing

C.be reviewed

D.being reviewed 45.Once _____ at the shop, you will be dismissed immediately.A.caught stealing

B.caught to steal

C.catching stealing

D.to catch to steal 46.Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought

B.bought

C.been bought

D.buying 47._____, John returned to school from his hometown.A.The summer vacation being over

B.The summer vacation is over C.Because the summer vacation over

D.After the summer vacation being over 48._____ she can’t come, who will do the work?

A.Supposed

B.Supposing

C.Having supposed

D.Being supposed 49.— Is there anything you want from town?

— No, thank you.But I would like to get _____.A.those letters mailed B.mailed letters

C.to mail those letters D.those letters mail 50.After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could _____ the rooms.A.tidy up

B.to clear away

C.clear away

D.tidying up 51._____ it or not, his discovery has shocked everyone in scientific circles.A.Believe

B.To believe

C.Believing

D.Believed 52.To tell you the truth, I’d rather read than watch television;the programs seem _____ all the time.A.to get worse

B.to be getting worse

C.to have got worse

D.getting worse 53.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys _____ to go to school.A.to be encouraged

B.encouraging

C.encouraged

D.be encouraged 54.Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office _____.A.to send it to

B.to send it

C.to be sent to

D.to have it sent 55._____that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.A.Having told

B.Having been told

C.Tell

D.Telling

56.As is known to us all, traveling is _____, but we often feel _____ when we are back from travels.A.interesting;tired

B.interested;tiring C.interesting;tiring

D.interested;tired 57.The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _____ as interpreter.A.the guide acts

B.the guide acting

C.acting

D.acted 58.Linda is thought to_____ in Africa, but I really don’t know what country she’s working in.A.have worked

B.work

C.be working

D.be worked 59._____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.A.To save

B.Saved

C.Saving

D.Having saved 60.I am busy _____ for the entrance examination, so I can’t help _____ housework at home.A.preparing;doing

B.preparing;to do C.to prepare;doing

D.to prepare;to do 61.In order to protect our planet, _____.A.all kinds of pollution should be reduced B.we should reduce all kinds of pollution C.the environment should be protected first D.it’s important to protect our environment

62.Hoping he would not be seen, Bob stole in, _____ his schoolbag and rushed out.A.picking up B.picked up

C.to pick up

D.having picked up

63._____ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.A.Having given

B.Given

C.To give

D.Give

64.Whatever trouble Mr.White had ____ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.A.deal

B.to deal

C.dealt

D.dealing 65.While listening to pop music, _____.A.she felt asleep

B.the light went out

C.someone knocked at the door D.and she couldn’t help laughing

66._____ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida.A.Discovering

B.To discover

C.To have discovered D.Discovered 67._____, J.K.Rowling is considered to be the best fiction writer.A.Having sold millions of copies of her books

B.Because millions of copies of her books are sold

C.Sold millions of copies of her books

D.Selling millions of copies of her books 68.What surprised me most was that there appeared a _____ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.A.worrying

B.worried

C.worry

D.worries

69._____ one of the most important inventions of the time, the computer helps people living in different countries to do a lot of things.A.Knowing to be

B.It was known

C.Known as

D.Which was known to be 70.— Did you enjoy yourself last night?----It’s very nice of you.I appreciated _____ to the party.A.to be invited

B.to have invited

C.being invited

D.having been invited 71.— Is it _____ the bad smell that is difficult ?

— Of course.A.how getting rid of

B.got rid of

C.to get rid of

D.being got rid of 72.— Have you made up your mind _____ the chance to go to France?

— No.I’m practicing _____ the French language.A.to give up;to learn

B.to give up;learning

C.giving up;to learn

D.giving up;learning 73.Never _____ off your coat;it’s rather cold outside.A.take

B.taking

C.to take

D.taken

74.A big factory has been set up in this area _____ such goods for people all over the country.A.to produce

B.producing

C.produced

D.being produced 75.The _____ look in her face suggested that she _____ it before.A.surprising;wouldn’t know

B.surprised;hadn’t known C.surprising;hadn’t known

D.surprised;shouldn’t know 76.You have no business _____ to me the way you did yesterday.A.about talking

B.talking

C.talked

D.on talking

77._____ what he can do.He might get a job tomorrow.He might stay out of work for weeks.A.We didn’t know

B.He doesn’t know C.There is no knowing

D.It was known that 78.John’s bad habit is _____ without thorough understanding.A.read

B.being read

C.to be read

D.reading

79.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested

B.resting

C.to rest

D.rest 80.We must treasure every minute because _____ time is _____ forever.A.lost;losing

B.lost;lost

C.losing;losing

D.losing;lost

81.If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly_____.A.supposing

B.to suppose

C.supposed

D.being supposed 82.— Haven’t you seen the sign,_____ “NO PHOTOS”?----I’m really sorry I didn’t.A.reads

B.to read

C.read

D.reading 83.— Do you feel like _____ out?

— No.I’d rather we _____ a taxi.A.to drive;take

B.to drive;took

C.driving;take

D.driving;took 84.— Kate shouldn’t have done that sort of thing.— Whatever she did was reasonable, _____ to what you had done.Besides, it’s none of your business.Get down to _____ your work.A.comparing;doing

B.comparing;do

C.compared;doing

D.compared;do

85._____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.A.Tasted

B.Being tasted

C.Tasting

D.To taste 86.— The plan is heard _____ so well that we don’t have to make any changes.— It is indeed.A.to design

B.designing

C.designed

D.design 87.While we’re developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _____.A.from polluting

B.polluted

C.polluting

D.being polluted 88.The woman found it no good _____ her daughter too much money.A.giving

B.being given

C.given

D.gave 89.He felt it a great honour _____ to visit me when I was in his city.A.to have been taken

B.to have taken

C.having taken

D.being taken 90.Will you please tell me why you had no pen _____ in class, Kate? A.to have written

B.to be written with C.to have been written

D.to write with 91.Her dress has become loose.She appears _____ weight.A.to lose

B.being lost

C.losing

D.to have lost 92.The building _____ will be completed in a month.It will be our lab building.A.to paint

B.being painted

C.to have painted

D.painting 93.I find these problems are easy _____.A.to be worked out

B.to work them out C.to work out

D.to be worked them out 94.— What do you think of last night’s lecture?

— _____ speaking, I thought it was rather boring.A.Real

B.General

C.Fair

D.Honestly 95.Nancy let me repeat her instruction _____ sure that I understood what was _____ after she was away on business.A.to make;to be done

B.making;doing

C.to make;to do

D.making;to do 96.The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _____ them more terrible.A.not make

B.not to make

C.not making

D.do not make 97.As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it _____on the ground.A.laying

B.lay

C.lying

D.lain 98.— I would like to buy an expensive camera.— Well.We have several models _____.A.to choose from

B.of choice

C.to be chosen

D.for choosing 99.Last night I saw Yang Weiwei lying in bed, _____in deep thought.A.lost

B.losing

C.to lose

D.being lost 100.Tigers _____ meat-eating animals _____ meat.A.belonged to;fed on

B.belonging to;feed on

C.were belonged to;feed on

D.belonging to;feeding on

答案及部分解析：

1.A.fix one’s eyes/attention on/upon为固定短语,意为“注视,注意”,故此处应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语.2.D.expect后跟不定式作宾语,call与doctor之间是被动关系.3.B.-ing形式短语作状语,且think(思考)表示的动作发生于give a satisfactory answer之前,故用having thought.4.C.with the door open是with 的复合结构,open 为形容词,表状态;stood与came, entered为并列关系,在句中作谓语.5.B.因句中有连词and,所以and 之前必须是一个并列关系的分句.6.C.he had had repaired是省去了关系代词that/ which的定语从句.7.B.forbid sb./sth.to do sth.为固定用法,此句中forbid 的宾语为what.8.C.why引导的特殊疑问句通常可用不定式短语来回答.9.A.what引导的名词性从句作主语且从句中含有实义动词do时,用作表语的不定式可不带to.10.D.with whom to play为“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构在句中作定语,其相当于一个定语从句(with whom she could play).11.A.including为介词;由seat的用法可知,此处应用其过去分词形式.12.B.hold与the Olympic Games之间是被动关系,且2008奥运会尚未举办,应用不定式表将来.13.D.There being no rain为 there be句型的独立主格形式.14.C.不定式作结果状语表示主语未曾预料到的结果.15.B.不定式作目的状语.escape 意为“逃脱”,不接不定式,而常接-ing形式作宾语.只能接-ing形式作宾语的动词还有:mind, admit,avoid, appreciate, consider(考虑), delay, imagine, miss, practice等.16.A.if continued 是“if taking this medicine is continued”的省略形式.17.B.第一个remaining用作形容词,作“剩下的”解;第二个remaining to be settled 是-ing形式短语作定语.18.A.considering为介词,作“就……而论;考虑到”解.19.B.judging from意为“从……来判断”,为固定结构.20.D.enjoy后常接-ing形式作宾语;what his sister enjoys作主语,is to dance构成句子的谓语.21.A.address所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,且与letter之间逻辑上存在着被动关系,having been addressed...在句中作非限制性定语.22.B.23.D.needing to be repaired相当于needing repairing,在句中作定语.另外,require和want也有类似的用法.24.B.Tom’s delaying sending是-ing形式的复合结构可代替what在句中作主语.25.D.be afraid to do作“不敢……”解(侧重指不敢作出的一种行为);be afraid of doing 作“担心„„”解(侧重强调害怕产生某种后果).26.A.but用作“除了”解,当其前含有实义动词do时, 则but后的不定式短语要省去to.27.C.other than asked for something相当于unless he is asked for something.28.B.get my car running意为“使我的车发动起来”;try doing表示“试一试做某事的办法”;try to do意为“努力去做某事”.29.A.send sb./sth.doing意为“使 „„快速移动”;send sb.to sleep意为“使某人入睡”,其中to 为介词,sleep为名词.30.C.句中的burning,shut均作found的宾语补足语,表状态.31.A.32.B.由题意“这位选手从来也没想到他竟有机会在100米比赛中获得第一名”,及dreamed of后需用-ing形式短语可知应选B.33.B.句中and决定了前句应为祈使句.34.C.You were to have taken part in the party.意为“你本来应该参加那次聚会的”.35.A.When compared...是When the highest mountain is compared...的省略.36.A.be dressed in, be lost in, be seated, be disappointed in等类似的短语在句中用作状语时,常用过去分词形式;make herself noticed意为“使自己被别人注意”.37.A.relate to意为 “与„„有关;涉及……”,第一空既可以用relating to, 也可以用related to;deal with为固定短语,与the matter之间是被动关系,因此,应用dealing with(主动形式表被动意义)或to be dealt with.38.C.此句考查-ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语,其否定形式是在-ing形式前加not.39.B.everything taken into consideration是独立主格结构在句中作状语.40.C.此题考查“too...to...(太……而不能……)”句型.41.A.carried out 与said是两个对等成分.42.A.英语中,许多动词(如:know ,decide, tell sb., show sb.等)后可接疑问代词或疑问副词+不定式短语的结构来作宾语.题中knew what to get相当于knew what they would get.43.B.此题考查would like sb.to do 的结构.题中的introduce与whom之间是被动关系.44.B.devote...to...中,to为介词.45.A.Once caught为Once you are caught 的省略;catch sb.doing sth.意为“发现或发觉某人正在做某事”.46.B.bought through a computer是过去分词短语作定语.47.A.The summer vacation(being)over是独立主格结构在句中作状语.48.B.supposing(that)可引导条件状语从句,意为“假使”.49.A.get sth.done意为“使(某人)做某事”.50.D 51.A.Believe it or not.常用于口语中,意为“信不信由你.”

52.B.系动词seem后通常接不定式,由于有all the time,故用不定式的进行时.53.C.with的复合结构作伴随状语.54.A.55.B.the climbers与tell之间为被动关系,且tell所表示的动作发生在decide之前.56.A.作形容词用的-ing形式常用来修饰物,作形容词用的-ed分词常用来修饰人.注意:当修饰人的表情、眼神、眼泪、叫声时,常用-ed分词,如:excited look(激动的表情).57.B.the guide acting as interpreter构成独立主格结构在句中作状语.58.C.由she’s working in可知应用不定式的进行时.59.A.不定式表示目的,相当于In order to save....60.B.be busy doing sth.意为“忙于干某事”;can’t help doing sth.意为“禁不住干某事”;can’t help(to)do sth.意为“不能帮忙干某事”.61.B.此题是不定式短语作目的状语,它的逻辑主语必须与主句主语保持一致,只有B项符合.62.B.stole in, picked up与rushed out作并列谓语.63.D.此题是“祈使句+and+并列分句”的结构.64.D.由have trouble(in)doing sth.可知应用dealing.65.A.连词+-ing形式作状语时,其主句的主语为它的逻辑主语,故选A.D项多了连词and.66.A.-ing形式短语所表示的动作与主句谓语所表示的动作几乎同时发生.67.B.由题意(不是J.K.Rowling自己去卖书)可知A、D项.68.B.解析见56.69.C.过去分词短语作状语.70.D.appreciate后常接-ing形式作宾语,由题意可知应用其完成时态的被动语态.71.C.问句为强调句型,强调句子(To get rid of the bad smell is difficult.)的主语.72.B.make up one’s mind意为“决定”,后可接不定式或that从句作宾语.73.A.选动词原形构成祈使句.74.B.75.B.suggest意为“暗示”,从句时态根据需要而定.76.B.have no business to do/doing sth.意为“无权做某事”.77.C.There is/was no knowing/telling...意为“没法知道或说等”.78.D.79.C.stop doing sth.意为“停止正在做的事”;stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做另外一件事”.此外,remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”;remember to do sth.意为“记住要去做某事”.mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”;mean doing sth.意为“意味着……”.regret to(say/tell you)sth.意为“抱歉地(要说/告诉你)某事”;regret doing sth.意为“后悔做了某事”.80.B.81.C.than supposed相当于than it is supposed.82.D.-ing形式短语作定语,相当于which reads “NO PHOTOS”.83.D.feel like doing sth.意为“想干某事”;would rather后接从句,从句中谓语应用一般过去时态.84.C.compared to为固定短语;get down to中to为介词.85.C.题中taste作连系动词.D项表示“目的”不合题意.86.C.此题考查hear sth.done结构.87.D.此题考查prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.结构,其中from在主动语态中可以省去.88.A.no good, no use后常接-ing形式短语且此处不需要用被动语态.89.A.这里考查feel+it+adj./n.+to do sth.结构,不定式作真正的宾语.由题意知是“已经被带去拜访我”.90.D.当不定式作定语所修饰的词是不定式所表示动作发生的地点或使用的工具时,不定式末尾常需加上必要的介词.91.D.appear to do sth.意为“好象干某事”,由前句可知应用不定式的完成时.92.B.-ing形式的一般体的被动语态作定语,意为“正在被粉刷的”.93.C.这里考查sth.+be+adj.+to do句型.在这一句型中,不定式通常用主动形式表被动.94.D.honestly speaking相当于to tell(you)the truth.类似的短语有:strictly speaking严格说来;generally speaking一般说来;roughly speaking大体说来等.95.A.第一空是不定式短语作目的状语;第二空what was to be done相当于what to do.96.B.如两个不定式表示并列关系时,后一不定式前可省去to;表示对比关系时;不定式符号to常保留.97.C.此处用lying 意为“平躺,平放”,构成leave sb.doing sth.结构;lay作及物动词时,意为“放;下蛋

非谓语动词(教案) 篇5

在英语中，不是用作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其他语法功能的的动词，称之为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。一．非谓语动词与谓语动词之区别：

1．相同之处：

1）可以有宾语： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被状语修饰：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“体”式和语态的变化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的逻辑主语： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之处：

1）可以起名词作用（如：不定式和动名词），在句中作主、宾、表语。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作表语、定语和宾语补足语等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作状语。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主语（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主语）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表语

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作宾语

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作宾语补语（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官动词以及let, make,have等动词后面，作宾补的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定语

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作状语

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的逻辑主语：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．连接词+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的时态

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10．不定式的语态

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．动名词：

1．作主语

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表语

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作宾语

（下列动词只能接动名词avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些动词后面可接动名词，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但动名词表示的意义是在一般情况下的行为，而不定式则表示某个具体的、一次性的行为。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介词宾语

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．动名词的逻辑主语

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.动名词和不定式作宾语，意义不同的几组词： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（记住要做某事）Remember doing sth（记得曾做过某事）Forget to to do sth（忘记要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘记曾做过某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接着做另一件事）Go on doing sth（继续做某事）Try to do sth（尽力做某事）Try doing sth（尝试做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（过去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（习惯做某事）

6．动名词的体式和语态

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分词

分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示的意义是主动的、进行的；过去分词表示的意义是被动的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表语：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定语：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作宾语补足语：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分词说明动作正在发生；不定式说明动作发生的全过程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作状语：

1)作时间或原因状语：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴随状语：

初中非谓语动词总结篇6

1. 不定式：to do(表示主动，并且一般表示将来)

例如：

The teacher told us to do morning exercises .

老师让我们做早操。

2. 动名词：doing (表示主动)

例如：

Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.

在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

3. 现在分词：doing (表示主动和进行)

例如：

He sat there，reading a newspaper.

他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。

4. 过去分词：done

及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。

polluted river 被污染的河流 (及物动词pollute和river之间是被动关系，即“河流被污染”)

fallen leaves 落叶(不及物动词fall和leaves之间是主动关系，即“叶子落下来”)

盘点高考英语非谓语动词作状语篇7

时态与语态

1. 不定式作状语时的时态与语态。不定式如果表示未来的动作，就用其一般式，与逻辑主语构成主动关系用to do，被动关系用to be done。如果不定式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作(几乎)同时进行，并强调正在进行或持续性，可用其进行式to be doing (常作原因状语)。如果不定式的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，并/或对现在造成了影响，就用其完成式，与逻辑主语构成主动关系用 to have done (常作原因状语)，被动关系用to have been done (常作原因状语)。

[高考链接]

① I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ________ in a year. (2005年湖南卷)

A. followsB. followed

C. to follow D. being followed

② You were silly not ________ your car. (2004年湖南卷)

A. to lockB. to have locked

C. lockingD. having locked

【解析】① C。逗号后的独立主格结构充当状语，对主句进行补充说明。由in a year可知，follow是未来的动作，故用不定式的一般式，因此C为正确答案。② B。形容词silly后常用不定式作状语，表示silly的原因，故排除C、D。又因lock的动作已经发生，并对现在造成了影响(were silly)，所以不定式应用完成时，故选B。

2. 分词作状语时的时态与语态。如果现在分词所表达的动作与谓语动词所表达的动作(几乎)同时发生，则非谓语动词与其主语构成主动关系用doing，被动关系用being done。若分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，则非谓语动词与其主语构成主动关系用having done，被动关系用having been done或done (前者侧重于强调动作发生的时间先后，后者侧重于强调动作已经发生而不是正在发生或将要发生)。不及物动词只有主动形式doing或having done，没有被动形式。

分词作状语需注意两种用法。第一，对于已经形容词化的分词，如surprised/surprising、excited/exciting等，过去分词意为“感到……”，其逻辑主语一般是人，表达主语的情绪反应；现在分词意为“令人感到……”，其逻辑主语一般是物，表达事物的性质特征。第二，有一类表示状态的短语只能使用“过去分词+介词”的结构。例如interested in、pleased with、satisfied with、crowded with、surprised at、devoted to、lost in、tired of、equipped with、filled with、dressed in、worried about、caught in、faced with、fed up with、used to、accustomed to、seated (in/on)等。

[高考链接]

① The lady walked around the shops, ________ an eye out for bargains. (2010年江西卷)

A. keepB. kept

C. keepingD. to keep

② ________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005年湖北卷)

A. Being separated

B. Having separated

C. Having been separated

D. To be separated

③ ________ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009年福建卷)

A. Reminding B. Reminded

C. To remind D. Having reminded

④ ________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (2005年湖南卷)

A. Dressed B. To dress

C. Dressing D. Having dressed

【解析】① C。由句子主语lady和keep之间的主动关系可排除B选项。又因walk和keep是同时发生的动作，表示边走边看，故选keep的现在分词形式，表示伴随的动作。② C。题中的时间状语for millions of years是完成时的标志，故排除A、D。又因separate与其逻辑主语Australia构成被动关系，故用having been separated作原因状语。③ B。由于remind与其逻辑主语the manager构成被动关系，故排除A、C、D，选B。④ A。Dress可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词。Sb. be dressed in sth.表示某人穿着某件衣服的状态，而sb. dress in sth.表示穿衣的动作。题干的意思是：“他穿着白色制服时，看起来更像厨师而不是医生。”由此可知，此处表达的是穿衣的状态而非动作，且没有动作的时间先后之分，故选用dress的过去分词形式，排除B、C、D。

所作状语的种类

1. 不定式作目的状语。非谓语动词作目的状语时常用不定式的一般式。从结构上讲，不定式作目的状语放于句首时，通常用逗号将其和句子隔开。

[高考链接]

① With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad. (2010年全国卷I)

A. buyB. to buy

C. buyingD. to have bought

② In order to improve English, ______. (2001年上海春招卷)

A. Jenny's father bought her a lot of tapes

B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself

C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny

D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny's father

【解析】① B。题干的意思为：“父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。”空格后的部分说明了取钱的目的，因此用不定式作目的状语。② B。表目的的不定式中，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应是后面主句的主语，只有B选项的主语Jenny才是improve的逻辑主语，故选B。

2. 分词作让步、时间、伴随、方式或条件状语。表伴随、方式或条件状语的现在分词常用其一般式。

[高考链接]

① Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (2010年湖南卷)

A. strugglingB. struggled

C. having struggled D. to struggle

② ________ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010年上海卷)

A. Approaching B. Approached

C. To approachD. To be approached

③ Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ________ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010年福建卷)

A. sendingB. to send

C. having sentD. to have sent

【解析】① C。分词短语作让步状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，排除B。又由句中的finally可知，struggle的动作发生在took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成时。② A。此处分词短语作时间状语，还原成时间状语从句为when we were approaching。Approach与主语we之间是主动关系，排除B、D。又因saw的动作发生时，approach的动作正在进行，故选A。③ A。非谓语动词send与主句的谓语动词were working表示的动作同时发生，并且与逻辑主语workers构成主动关系，故选sending，表伴随。

3. 不定式和分词作原因状语。分词充当原因状语时，常位于主句之前，有时也可位于主句之后。在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等表示情感的形容词之后常用不定式作原因状语，表示引起某种情绪变化的原因。

[高考链接]

① He had a wonderful childhood, ________ with his mother to all corners of the world. (2010年安徽卷)

A. travel B. to travel

C. traveled D. traveling

② We were astonished ________ the temple still in its original condition. (2010年辽宁卷)

A. finding B. to find

C. find D. to be found

【解析】① D。逻辑主语he与动词travel之间为主动关系，排除C。又因travel的动作和主句的谓语动词的动作同时发生，故用traveling，表示had a wonderful childhood的原因。② B。Astonished是表示情绪的形容词，其后应用动词不定式作原因状语，故选B。

4. 不定式和分词作结果状语。不定式和分词作结果状语时，常位于句末。不定式作结果状语表示预料之外的不愉快的结果，其前常用only。常见的这类动词有find、hear、see、be told、form、give、make、produce等。Too ... to ...、 ... enough to ...、so/such ... as to等结构中的不定式也可以表示结果。现在分词作结果状语表示伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。

[高考链接]

① It rained heavily in the south, _____ serious flooding in several provinces. (2010年天津卷)

A. caused B. having caused

C. causing D. to cause

② He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006年陕西卷)

A. to tell B. to be told

C. telling D. told

【解析】① C。题干的意思为：“南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成了严重洪灾。”空格后serious flooding是由于rained heavily而产生的自然结果，且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以选causing作结果状语。② B。题干的意思为：“他匆匆来到售票处，却被告知票已售完。”结果在逻辑主语he的预料之外，应用不定式，排除C、D。又因逻辑主语he是被告知的，故用to be told表示结果。

With结构和独立主格结构

“with +宾语(名词/代词) +不定式/分词”或独立主格结构“主语(名词/代词) +不定式/分词”结构可以在句中作状语，表示伴随或时间、原因等。不定式表示动作未发生；现在分词表示动作正在发生；过去分词表示动作已经发生或被动。判断with复合结构中不定式或分词用主动还是被动，重点要看非谓语动词与with复合结构中的宾语或主句的主语的关系。独立主格结构的主被动形式取决于非谓语动词与其前面的名词/代词的关系。

[高考链接]

① Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ________ ? (2009年海南卷)

A. taking B. take

C. takenD. to take

② —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

—Sorry. With so much work ________ my mind, I almost break down. (2007年福建卷)

A. filledB. filling

C. to fillD. being filled

③ With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (2002年上海春招卷)

A. settledB. settling

C. to settleD. being settled

④ The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ________ for the day. (2007年重庆卷)

A. finishing B. finished

C. had finished D. were finished

【解析】① C。Take与the decisions之间是被动关系，且take的动作已经发生，故用过去分词表示被动。② B。根据I almost break down可知，此时fill表示正在发生的动作，并与work构成主动关系，故用filling。③ C。由主句可知，settle的动作还未发生，故用不定式形式。④ B。逗号后面的部分有独立的主语their lessons，且逗号前后部分之间并无任何连词连接，故后半部分应为独立主格结构，空格处应填入非谓语动词，故排除D。由于finish的动作已经发生，排除A。又因finish与其逻辑主语lessons构成被动关系，且finish这个动作已经完成，故选B。该独立主格结构在句中充当原因状语。

固定的非谓语动词结构

这类结构通常表示说话人对话语的看法和态度或对整个句子进行说明和解释，被称为“评注性状语”。例如副词+ speaking、judging from/by、coming to/talking/speaking of、according to、owing to、seeing that (鉴于……)、considering/taking ... into consideration、including、providing/supposing (that) ... (假定……)、leaving ... on one side (抛开……不谈)、concerning/regarding/respecting/touching (关于)、given (考虑到)、all told (总之)、compared with/to、to tell you the truth、to be honest、to begin with、to make a long story short (长话短说)、to be brief (简言之)、to be exact (精确地说)、to make matters worse、to conclude/to sum up等。

[高考链接]

________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (2000年北京春招卷)

A. GivenB. To give

C. GivingD. Having given

【解析】A。Given在此意为“鉴于、考虑到”。这种评说性的独立成分作状语，其逻辑主语不要求和句子的主语保持一致。题干的意思是：“考虑到他的健康状况，他手术后还需要一段时间才能恢复过来。”

状语从句省略时非谓语动词的选择

在以when、while、if、as if、though (although)、as、whether、once、whenever、before、 after等连词引导的状语从句中，若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，常省略从句的主语和be动词，引导词后直接跟不定式或分词。高考中常见的结构有：when/while/though/before/after +现在分词；when/if/even if/unless/once/until/than +过去分词；as if/as though +不定式。

[高考链接]

① When ________ help, one often says "Thank you." or "It's kind of you." (2005年福建卷)

A. offeringB. to offer

C. to be offeredD. offered

② When ________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006年浙江卷)

A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared

【解析】① D。② C。两题都是考查时间状语从句的省略, 主从句的主语一致，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。试题①的选项动词offer与逻辑主语one是被动关系，还原后为when one is offered help。试题②的选项动词compare与逻辑主语we是主动关系，还原后为when we are comparing different cultures。

谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别

1. 考查句首动词。如果题干结构是“句子+连词/分号/破折号+句子”，则这个句子应是祈使句，置于句首的动词应为动词原形。最常见的连词或起连词作用的短语有and、or、otherwise、in case 等，连词前可以有逗号，也可以没有。若前后两句之间无连词、分号或破折号等，前后只用逗号分开，要用分词充当状语。

[高考链接]

① ________ time, he'll make a first-class tennis player. (2003年北京卷)

A. Having given B. To giveC. GivingD. Given

② ________ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (2008年湖南卷)

A. Having searchedB. To search

C. SearchingD. Search

【解析】① D。前后两部分之间只有逗号，而无连词，故应用非谓语动词充当条件状语。又因动词give与其逻辑主语he构成被动关系，因此选given。② D。前后两部分之间有逗号和连词and，是祈使句，因此句首动词应是动词原形，故选D。

2. 考查句中或句末动词。几个动作先后接连发生时，若表示并列，前面动词之间用逗号分开，并在最后一个动词前加一个and或but连接。若连接词不是位于最后一个动词前，则连接词所连动词后的动词用非谓语形式。

[高考链接]

① Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. (2004年上海春招卷)

A. seizing; disappeared

B. seized; disappeared