2022年考研英语小作文(书信)

2024-10-26 版权声明 我要投稿

2022年考研英语小作文(书信)(通用5篇)

2022年考研英语小作文(书信) 篇1

距离最后的考试只有两个多月的时间,冲刺序幕正式拉开。英语复习到这个阶段,最重要的就是作文。要想在最后的考试成绩中脱颖而出,现阶段就必须要把精力放在分值占在30分的写作上。

考研英语中大作文的要求是内容切题、表达清楚、文字连贯、句式多变和语言规范。小作文考察点在信息点的覆盖、语言的准确性、文章组织的连贯性上。

其中小作文占10分,分为求职信、祝贺信、道歉信、询问信、推荐信、感谢信、邀请信、辞职信等等二十多种应用文。每个类别都有相对固定的语言模式,都有固定词语要求。

求职信

求职信是申请信的一种,是写信人就某一职位向收信人提出请求。求职信一般包括以下几个方面的内容:首先要阐述清楚招聘信息的来源,以及所申请的职位;其次简述个人信息;然后进一步强调自己的能力,表达抱负,并请求给予面试机会;最后提出自己的希望,希望得到面试的机会,并且告诉对方你的联系方式。

职信的语言属于正式用语,在写作过程中一定要注意用词简洁准确,语气礼貌自信,态度不卑不亢,所给信息具有一定的可信度。尤其是在强调自身经历和优点的时候,更应把握尺度。

写作“三步走”:

自我介绍,说明求职目的—>展示个人能力、经历及求职动机—>希望面试机会、表示感谢

注意:

由于篇幅较短,而申请者需要尽可能地向用人单位推销自己,所以在求职信中宜笼统概说自己的求学和工作经历,突出一至两个吸引眼球的闪光点即可。

范文解析:

Directions: You are a Business English major due to graduate from Beijing University in June 2010.Wite a letter of no less than 100 words to apply for a position of secretary in a company which requires the candidate master fluent English and good computer skills.Introduce yourself, ask for an interview and give you contact information in the end.Dear Sir or Madam,I am applying for the position of secretary advertised in Beijing Today.I majored in Business English.My training in Business English and Secretarial English will definitely meet your qualifications.I’ll graduate form Beijing University in June 2010.In addition to the required courses of my major, I’ve studied Computer as my second major.I’ve also had a part-time job as a secretary in a company for 2 years.I am confident that my qualifications and experience make me suitable for this position.I have enclosed a complete resume for detailed information.I hope you will consider me for this position.Please reach me by telephone 139……

Yours sincerely,Wang Hua

◆常见句式

1、I am applying for the position of secretary advertised in……

我想申请……招聘广告中的秘书一职。

2、I am writing in response to your advertisement in…of April 6.我看到了4月6日贵公司……上的招聘广告,于是写信申请。

3、The requirement outlined in your ad in…for a general manager assistant appear to mesh almost exactly with my own.我本人的条件与你们刊登在……上的招聘广告中的所要求的总经理助理的条件完全吻合。

4、I think I am the right person for the job you advertised.相信我是你们招聘的职位的最佳人选。

5、The key strengths that I possess for success in this position include…

我能胜任此职位的实力包括……

6、I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of…

我认为我是……工作的合格人选,所以我写信自荐。

7、Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful.如果能给我面试的机会,我将不胜感激。

8、Thanks for considering my application and I am looking forward to your reply.谢谢考虑我的申请,期待您的回复。

9、I have enclosed my resume.简历附上。

10、I can be reached by telephone…

可以通过……这个电话联系我。

11、If you need to know any more about me, please contact me at…

如果您想了解更多关于我的信息,请通过……和我联系。

祝贺信

祝贺信是由于某种原因向收信人道贺的信件,一般包含三个部分:1. 点明要祝贺的事情,并向对方道贺;2. 详述祝贺的事情;3. 再次祝贺。祝贺信除了向对方道贺以外,还可表达祝福、期望等。语言应热情洋溢,满怀喜悦。

写作“三步走”:

说明事由并表达自己忠心的祝贺(首段)—>展开事件评论,赞扬收信人(主体段落)—>再次表达良好祝愿(结尾段)

注意:

在写作主要内容的时候,可以重点赞扬一下当事人的优秀能力和取得成就的原因,并展望他将来的美好发展前景等。

范文解析:

Directions: Write a letter to your best friend Li Ming, congratulating him on accepting admission to a postgraduate program.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use“Wang Hua”instead.Do not write the address.Dear Li Ming,I am writing to convey my warm congratulations on your admission to a postgraduate at Beijing University.I must say that I was not surprised to hear this good news.I know that you have been desirous of furthering your study in a prestigious university and how industrious and perseverant you have always been in order to realize this dream.I am delighted that the four years of your hard work has finally been rewarded in this way.It is obvious that you will have a wide-open future ahead of you.Congratulations again.I wish you all the best in your future life and study.Sincerely, Wang Hu

◆常用句式

1.Heartfelt congratulations on…

真心祝贺……

2.Congratulations, all of us feel proud of your remarkable achievements!

祝贺你,我们都为你所取得的巨大成就感到骄傲。

3.I am so happy to hear that…

听到……我真的非常高兴。

4.I write to congratulate you upon…

我写信来祝贺你……

5.I offer you my warmest congratulations on your…

对于你的……我表示热烈的祝贺。

6.I wish you still further success!

预祝你取得更大的成功!

7.We look forward to bragging about you in the years ahead.我们希望在未来的岁月中能骄傲地谈起你。

8.Please accept our sincerest congratulations and very best wishes for all the good future.谨向你表示由衷的祝贺和美好的祝福。

9.Congratulations to you on being awarded the prize/getting the scholarship.祝贺你荣获此奖项、获得奖学金。

10.May lasting happiness and joy be yours/with you forever.愿幸福和欢乐永远伴随你!

11.I take pride in your achievements and would like to avail myself of this opportunity to extend my best wishes for your success.对你取得的成就我深感自豪,我愿借此机会对你的成功表示由衷的祝贺。

申请信

申请信主要用于申请奖学金、求学、申请出国签证等,这些申请往往通过申请信来请求。

写作“三步走”:

申请的具体内容和缘由→自己的情况和条件→提出要求,如回信、面试等等。

注意:

第一,语气要诚挚友好千万不要表现出强求的意思;第二,对于申请的内容和原因一定要写得非常清楚;第三,尽管不能表现出强求的意思,但是期望得到的心情一定要表达出来。

范文解析:

Directions : You are a college student and want to get an editorial position with a newspaper.Write a letter to Prof.Li, who is your teacher this semester, to ask him to write a recommendation letter for you to the newspaper to state your condition.Write the letter with no less than 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Prof.Li,I am writing to you for a letter of recommendation.I hope you could still remember me, Wang Hua, a student in your class this semester.My final paper received an A from you.I have applied for an editorial position with a newspaper office, which asks for three letters of recommendation.I would be very much obliged if you could write one for me.It will be better if the letter includes your understanding of my aptitude for writing and editing.My enclosed resume is for your reference in writing the letter.Please use the attached stamp, envelope and address to mail your letter directly to the office.Thank you again for your time on this matter.Sincerely yours,Wang Hua

◆常用句式

1、I beg to apply for…

特此申请……

2、I would like to apply for admission to your college.我想申请进入贵校。

3、I am very much interested in going abroad to obtain an advanced degree in the field of…

我对出国留学攻读……学位很感兴趣。

4、I shall be mush obliged if you will be so kind as to help me accomplish my long-cherished wish.如果您能帮我实现这一梦寐以求的愿望,本人将不胜感激。

5、I should be very much obliged if you could grant my application.如果能批准我的申请,我将万分感谢。

6、Thank you again for you time on this matter.再次感谢您抽出时间处理这件事。

7、I would like to thank you for your generous help in this matter.多谢您在这件事上慷慨相助。

8、Please make the arrangement at your earliest convenience.如果方便,请您尽快安排此事。

9、Thanks in advance for your prompt attention.先行感谢您及时的关注。

10、Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to an early reply.多谢您的关注,希望尽早得到您的回复。

邀请信

邀请信是为了增进友谊,发展业务,邀请客人参加庆典、会议及各种活动的信函。邀请信分为两种:一种属于个人信函,例如邀请某人共进晚餐、参加宴会、观看电影、出席典礼等。另一种属于事物信函,一般是邀请参加会议、学术活动等等。

格式:

1、称谓;

2、开头:向被邀请人简单问候;

3、交代时间、地点和活动内容、邀请原因等;

4、参加活动的细节安排;

5、联系人、电话、地址、落款、日期。

写作“三步走”:

邀请对方参加的活动的内容、时间和地点→与该活动有关的注意事项→期待对方接受邀请,并可表示感谢。

注意:

语言上写给朋友,可选用活泼、真诚的言辞;写给长辈、上级、名人等,语言则应正式、礼貌。

范文解析:

Directions: The Dean of the English Department knows that Prof.Robin is a famous scholar in British literature.As his assistant, you are asked to write a formal letter to Prof.Robin, inviting him for a short-term visit and to give a lecture.Write the letter with no less than 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Wang Hua(Dean of the English Department)” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Prof.Robin,I am writing on behalf of the English Department to invite you to give a lecture in our college.We know that you are an expert on British literature.We would be very grateful of you could give a lecture on “Contemporary British Literature” to the English Department on Sunday, April 8.If this subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would be welcome as well.If it is convenient for you, would you please drop me a line to let me know whether you can come or not? We could be looking forward to the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom.Sincerely yours,Wang Hua

Dean of the English Department ◆常用句式:

1、I am writing to invite you to…

我写信是为了邀请您……

2、I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in…

如果您参加……那就太好了。

3、I wonder if you can come…

我想知道您是否能来……

4、How would you like to join us in…?

您想不想来参加我们的……?

5、Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to

您可以写信告诉我您能否来……吗?

6、My family and I would feel much honored if you could come.如果您能来,我们全家将不胜荣幸。

7、I really hope you can make it.我真心希望您能来。

8、We would be looking forward to your coming.我们期待着您的到来。

9、I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.我希望能在那里见到您,请早点告诉我您的决定。

10、We would be very glad to invite you as an expert to our university/college to…

很高兴邀请您作为专家到我们学校……

询问信

询问信是希望获取信息的信件,分为三个部分:1.说明自己的计划或目的,也就是询问信息的原因;2.征询具体信息;3.期待回复并表示感谢。

写作“三步走”:

引言部分自我介绍并讲明询问目的→发展部分是询问的主要内容→最后期待回复并表示感谢。

注意:

为了让对方一目了然,也便于回答,在内容的安排上应该简明扼要,可以用数字列出具体问题,如first, second, third or 1、2、3。

由于询问有可能给对方带来麻烦,所以语言应简洁、清晰、无歧义。语气礼貌、恳切。

范文解析:

Directions: You are going to take part in the TOEFL and want to get some reference materials.Write a letter of no less than 100 words to a bookstore to ask for several kinds of materials you want.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Sir or Madam,I will take TOEFL this June and quality preparation materials are essential to success in the test.I wonder if you have the following reference materials in your bookstore:

a)a vocabulary book covering the 9000 words for TOEFL;

b)original test and simulated test papers with keys;

c)model essays;

d)a Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.By the way, how do you deliver these materials to me? How fast can they be delivered after you receive my subscription? How do I pay you?

Yours truly,Wang Hua

◆常用句式:

1、I would be most grateful if you could send me information regarding/concerning…

如果能给我提供……方面的信息我将不胜感激。

2、I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding…

我写信是想知道您能否给我提供有关……的信息。

3、I wonder if you could tell me the information about…

我想知道您能否给我提供……的信息。

4、I am writing for the information about…

我写信是想知道关于……的信息。

5、I would like to know whether you could provide me with information regarding…

我想知道您是否能给我提供……的信息。

6、I wish to request materials for…

我想要关于……的资料。

7、Would you be so kind as to tell me…

您能告诉我……?

8、I look forward to your immediate response.期待您及时答复。

9、Your attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.感谢您对此信的关注。

10、I am waiting for your quick reply.望尽快回复。

推荐信

推荐信是写信人向收信人推荐某人做某事的信件。推荐信在西方国家是求职,求学的必备材料。写推荐信的人必须对被推荐者有一定的了解。最好有较深的资历,如被推荐者的原单位领导,本专业的专家等,名声越大越好。除了请别人推荐,也可以自荐。

写作“三步走”:

指出写信人和被推荐人的关系,及推荐的原因→概述被荐人的品质、能力、性格等→.总结说明被推荐人值得被推荐(例如能胜任工作)。

注意:

推荐信要多写优点,充分肯定成绩,篇幅不宜过长,但也不能三言两语过于简单。

范文解析:

Directions: You are asked to write a recommendation letter of your student, Li Ming, for a position of administrator in a company.Address it to the manager and express your reason(s)clearly.Write the letter with no less than 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the letter.Use “Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Sir or Madam,It is with great pleasure that I recommend to you Li Ming, an outstanding graduate majoring in Business Administration.I have been in charge of Mr.Li’s class since they were freshmen, so I know him well.He is courteous, sincere and hardworking.He took several courses in computer science, which strengthened his administration ability.And also his excellent communication ability and good command of English add a lot to his managerial skills.I believe Mr.Li’s education and character undoubtedly qualify him to serve as an administrator in your company.I recommend him without reservation and believe you will find him a helpful and responsible staff member.Sincerely yours,Wang Hua

◆常用句式:

1、It is with a great pleasure that I recommend to you…

很高兴向您推荐……

2、It affords me much pleasure to recommend … to you.很高兴向您推荐……

3、With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend … as an ideal candidate.根据贵方的要求,我毫无保留地向您推荐……作为理想人选。

4、Therefore, without any hesitation I recommend … as the right person for you consideration.因此,我毫不犹豫地向您推荐……作为合适人选。

5、Therefore, I here recommend … to you with all my heart.因此,我在此衷心向您推荐……

6、Should you favor him with a position in your company, I am sure that his future conduct will prove worthy of your confidence.如果您能给他在贵公司任职的机会,我保证他今后不会让您失望。

7、I believe his education and character undoubtedly qualify him to serve as an administrator in your company.相信他的学识和人品一定会使他成为贵公司合格的管理人员。

8、I would be most grateful if you would consider my recommendation and kindly offer him/her…

如果您考虑我的推荐,并为他/它提供……,我将万分感激。

9、I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possibly moment.希望尽早收到您的回复。

10、If you have any further questions regarding his ability or this recommendation, please do not hesitate to contact me.如果对他的能力或此推荐信还有什么疑问,请随时和我联系。

道歉信

道歉信是指因过失或疏忽做错了事,给别人带来了麻烦或损失,发觉后要立即写信给对方赔礼道歉时写的信件。道歉是一种礼貌,道歉信要写得坦率,诚恳。

道歉信通常包括三部分内容:

1、表示歉意,道歉的原由;

2、出现差错的原因,提出弥补措施;

3、请求原谅。语言要诚挚,解释的理由要真实。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解,还会增进彼此的感情。

写作“三步曲”:

表示歉意→说明具体原因、提出补救办法→再次致歉,希望得到理解。

注意:

理由要尽量合理,违反生活常识将导致扣分;尽量提供一个合适的补救办法,使行文更加顺畅。

范文解析:

Directions: You were unable to attend Mr.Smith’s examination on International Business English Writing because you got sick that morning.Write a letter to express the reasons for not being able to attend it and apologize.Write the letter with no less than 100 words.Do not sign your own name at end of the letter.Use “Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Mr.Smith,I am indeed very sorry that I missed the examination on International Business English Writing you gave last Friday.I feel awful about it and want you to know what happened that day.I suddenly fell sick early that morning and my parents had to send me to the hospital.Please find enclosed a copy of the medical bill.I sincerely hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology.I would appreciate your allowing me to take a make-up examination.I will come to your office during your office hour on Monday to discuss this possibility with you.Once again, I apologize for any inconvenience caused.Sincerely yours,Wang Hua

◆常用句式:

1、I am writing to apologize for … /I am writing to say sorry for

我写这封信是因……向你致歉。

2、I would like to give you my apology for…

对于……我向你道歉。

3、Please accept my sincere apology for…

关于……请接受我真诚的道歉。

4、I am indeed very sorry for what I said/did, but believe I had no

Intention to…

对于我说的话/做的事,我确实感到很抱歉。但请相信,我并非故意要……

5、Please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.请原谅我说话欠妥。

6、I feel awfully sorry about it and want you to know what happened.为此我感到非常内疚,所以想告诉你实情。

7、Please accept my apologies for my oversight.请原谅我的疏忽。

8、Please allow me to say sorry again.请允许我再次表示歉意。

9、I sincerely hope you can understand my situation/think in my position and accept my apologies.我真心希望你能理解我的处境/设身处地地为我考虑,并接受我的道歉。

10、Once again, I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused/you have sustained.对于造成的不便我再次表示歉意。

感谢信

感谢信是为了答谢对方的邀请、问候、关心、帮助和支持而写的公关礼仪书信。感谢信的写作主要分以下三个部分。首先开头要明确的对对方提供的帮助或赠送的礼品表示谢意。主体部分则需列举对方提供的帮助,说明该帮助所起的作用,或表达对所受礼品的喜爱以及以后如何使用及收藏等。结尾部分需再次表达诚挚的谢意并问候对方。

写作“三步曲”:

表达感谢之情及原因→提及曾受过什么帮助或者说明喜爱礼品的原因→再次表达诚挚的谢意。

注意:

表达感谢时要情真意切,不能过于夸张;结尾处最好表达希望回报对方的愿望,更显真诚。

Directions: You have just celebrated your birthday and your university classmate Jack has sent you an MP3 as the gift for your birthday.Write a letter to express your thanks to him.Write the letter with no less than 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Jack,I am writing to express my sincere thanks for the MP3 you sent to me as my birthday gift last Sunday.How considerate and wonderful of you to remember my birthday.It’s one of the most wonderful gifts I’ve ever got and I like it very much.You have a positive genius for selecting the right gift!

The four years I spent with you at university has always been the most pleasant period in my life.I will cherish this memory forever.How nice it would be to see you again.I am looking forward to getting lots of use out of your thoughtful and practical birthday gift.Sincerely yours,Wang Hua

◆常用句式:

1、I am writing to express my thanks for…

我写这封信是为了表达我对……的谢意。

2、I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for…

在信中我要为……向您表达我诚挚的谢意。

3、Many thanks for all the good things you have done in helping us to…

非常感谢您为帮助我们……所做的一切。

4、I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help and assistance.借此机会感谢您给予我们的及时帮助和支持。

5、Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, and we will nurture/cherish them forever.没有什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆,我们会永远铭刻在心。

6、Thanks again for you kind help.对您的帮助再次表示感谢。

7、My true gratitude is beyond any words/description.感激之情溢于言表。

8、Please accept my thanks.请接受我的谢意。

10、Your help is very much appreciated by each one of us.对于您的帮助,我们每个人都心存感激。

辞职信

写辞职信要说明原因,又是需要说明离开的时间以给对方一个物色接替人选的时间,以免给所在单位造成不必要的麻烦。然后还要感谢对方曾经给自己这样的工作机会。

写作“三步走”:

提出辞职→说明原因,表示遗憾或者感谢→期待回复

注意:

语气一定要诚恳,尤其是要表达遗憾的心情,同时对于原雇主曾给自己这份工作机会表达感激之情。

范文解析:

Directions: You have worked in a Non-Governmental Organization for several years, but now you need to quit the job because you are moving to another city with your family.Write a letter to your boss Mr.Smith to tell him your decision and the reason, and our appreciation for the work experience in this agency.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET

2、Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Mr.Smith,I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to resign my present job in the next month.The main reason is that I will move to Qingdao to live permanently with my family, as Qingdao is my hometown.Looking back upon my five-year experience in this organization, I have had a very happy and enjoyable time working with you and other colleagues, from whom I have received lots of help and have learnt much.Please accept my sincere gratitude, as well as my regret for not being able to serve here any longer.Yours faithfully,Wang Hua

◆常用句式:

1、I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my…

我写信是要告诉您我决定从……辞职了。

2、I have accept an offer by another firm and have decided to tender my resignation.我意见接受另一个公司提供的职位,并且决定辞职。

3、My best wishes for the company’s continued growth.祝公司生意兴隆,蒸蒸日上。

4、Please feel free to contact me at any time if I can be of further assistance in helping with a smooth transition.如果我能为实现平稳的工作交接提供帮助,请随时联系我。

投诉信

投诉信是当人们对某机构的工作人员或其服务不满时,向有关机构的主管或监督人员所做出的书面表述。其内容往往包括对被投诉事件的回忆,投诉人的心里伤害、经济损失,以及投诉人对被投诉方提出的合理补偿要求等。

写作“三步曲”:

自我介绍,交代投诉内容,表明本信的目的和要求→说明情况,讲清利害,分析利弊。告诉对方你因此受到的伤害或不便,提出解决问题的建议,表明希望如何处理→表达希望问题得到迅速恰当解决的强烈愿望,希望尽快得到满意的答复。

注意:

写投诉信时语气要冷静、郑重、克制,不必过于礼貌。但也要就事论事,不能进行人身攻击。同时,在描述问题时尽量采用被动句式,使描述更加客观合理。

范文解析:

Directions: Write a letter to a store, making a complaint about its delivery.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET

2、Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to make a complaint against your bad delivery service.I’m afraid that the enclosed CD player doesn’t work.It is the third one I’ve got to return this month.Other than the three I’ve had to return recently, I’ve always found your products to be excellent.I would be grateful if you could send a replacement and refund my postage.I look forward to your reply and proper resolution of my problem, and will until the end of this week before seeking help from a consumer protection agency or the Better Business Bureau.Please contact me by the address on the envelope or by phone at 6668888.Sincerely,Wang Hua

◆常用句式:

1、I venture to write a letter to you about…

恕我冒昧,我写信是想告诉你……

2、One annoying aspect of your service is…

你们服务中不尽人意的地方是……

3、I am writing this letter to tell you how disappointed I have been with the after-sale service at your shop.我写信是想告诉贵店,我对你们的售后服务非常失望。

4、I would like to draw your attention to the problem…

希望引起贵方对……问题的注意。

5、I am writing to inform you that I find…unsatisfactory/I am dissatisfied with your…

我写信是为了告诉你我非常不满意……

6、I trust you will take my complaints seriously and…

相信贵方会认真对待我的投诉,并且……

7、I hope you will give due attention to this matter.希望贵方能对此事给予足够重视。

8、I would be very grateful of you could look into the matter as soon as possible.And I am looking forward to an early reply.如果贵方能尽快调查此事,我将万分感激。望早日做出答复。

9、I am not blaming anyone, but…

我不是指责某个人,但是……

10、I am sure this is a rare problem.我相信这类问题不会经常发生。

介绍信

介绍信是社交书信中较常用的,一般是向收信人介绍第三者并希望得到他的支持、帮助或者照顾。根据介绍人、被介绍人与收信人之间的关系以及介绍的目的,可以分为普通社交介绍信和公务介绍信两种。

公务介绍信往往比较正式,有一定的规律可循。介绍信一般都包括:第一部分详细叙述被介绍人的情况,如姓名、年龄、学历等;第二部分说明情由,即被介绍人此行的目的;第三部分写明被介绍人希望得到哪方面的帮助并向收信人致谢。

写作“三步曲”:

说明被介绍人的身份→提出希望收信人做的事情→像收信人表示感谢或者表示希望能合作愉快。

注意:

语言上介绍信应措辞礼貌得体,对被介绍人的说明应简洁明了、重点突出。

范文解析:

Directions: Your close friend in college, Li Ming, is going to pursue his postgraduate study in the foreign university where you studied before.Write a letter of no less than 100 words to your former teacher Professor Smith to introduce Li Ming’s characters and so on, expressing your hope for help from Prof.Smith.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Prof.Smith,I take great pleasure in introducing to you Mr.Li Ming, my classmate and best friend.He is going to pursue his studies as a postgraduate in your university after his graduation here.We’ve lived and studied together for almost four years.No friend deserves so much love and respect as he does.His performance in the school years was outstanding.In addition, he has a very pleasant personality and staying with him is always pleasant.Will you please give him some guidance regarding the postgraduate entrance examination? If it is convenient, could you introduce him to the future tutor? It would be appreciated of you can give him some help.Yours truly,Wang Hua

◆常用句式:

1、Please allow me to introduce one of my best friends to you.请允许我向您推荐我最好的朋友。

2、I am writing to introduce Li Ming, one of my college classmates in Beijing.我写信是要介绍我在北京时的大学同学李明。

3、I am very glad to have this chance to write to you to …

很高兴能有这次机会向您写信……

4、I take pleasure in introducing to you the bearer Mr.Li.很高兴能向您介绍这封信的持有者李先生。

5、The bearer of this letter is Mr.Li whom I personally know to be a most deserving person for your position.这里介绍的这封信的持有者李先生,我个人认为是这个职位的最佳人选。

6、Thanks for your attention and hope to receive your reply.多谢您的关注,希望能收到您的回复。

7、It would be appreciated of you can give her some help.如果您能给他提供帮助,我将不胜感激。

8、I would be most grateful of you could lend due attention to this letter and contact me at…

如您能对此信给予一定的关注并通过……和我联系,我将非常感谢。

9、In addition, I want to express my sincere thanks for your attention.另外,真诚地感谢您的关注。

证明信

证明信包括下列几项:(1)你是以什么资格了解被证明人或被证明公司的。(2)你认识被证明人或被证明公司有多久了。(3)被证明人或被证明公司的可靠性和能力如何。

范文解析:

Directions: You are the Dean of the Biomedical Engineering Department of Big State University and your student Jane Doe, who is a Ph.D.of Biomedical Engineering now, has applied for the minority travel award by ICORR Committee and needs your certification of her education background and academic ambition.Write the letter with on less than 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear ICORR Committee,I am writing this letter to certify that Jane Doe is a graduate student in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Big State University.She finished her master’s degree in our biomedical engineering program.She is currently a full-time student in good standing.She is working in my laboratory on a robotic device for rehabilitation after neurological injury.The paper she has submitted for presentation an ICORR is directly related to that research project.She would qualify for a minority travel award because she is of Native American heritage but would not qualify for the disability travel award.Please consider her application for a travel award.Sincerely,Wang Hua

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Big State University

◆常用句式:

1、This is to certify that…

特此证明……

2、I hereby certify that…

特此证明……

3、Mr.Li was admitted into our hospital on…and will be discharged on…

李先生于……入住本院,将于……出院。

4、It is suggested that he rest for one week at home before resuming his work.建议他在家休养一周后再工作。

5、Mr.Li Ming had fulfilled all the requirements prescribed by the syllabus of the Department.李明同学达到了院系教学大纲规定的所有要求。

6、Mr.Li proved himself to be a diligent and valuable employee through hard work.李先生通过努力证明自己确实是一名勤勉、有价值的员工。

7、With his friendly manners and loyalty he perfectly fitted into our team.他的友善和忠诚使他很好地融入了我们的团队。

8、Mr.Li had no problem adjusting to the work in your company.李先生会很快适应贵公司的工作的。

高考英语书信作文全解析 篇2

命题形式

下面以两道真题为例来介绍这种题型的命题形式。

例1:2011年高考英语全国卷I书面表达

假定你是李华,正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程,遇到一些困难,希望得到学校辅导中心 (Learning Center) 的帮助。根据学校规定,你需书面预约,请按下列要点写一封信:

1. 本人简介;

2. 求助内容;

3. 约定时间;

4. 你的联系方式 (Email: lihua@1236.com; Phone: 12345678)。

注意: 1. 词数100左右;2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3. 结束语已为你写好。

Dear Sir/Madam,

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Look forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

例2:2010年高考英语全国卷II书面表达

假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Peter曾表示希望来中国教书。你校现需招聘外教,请给他写封信,告知招聘信息。内容主要包括:

1. 教授课程:英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英国等

2. 授课对象:高中生(至少三年英语基础)

3. 工作量:

——每周12学时,任选三门课

——担任学生英语俱乐部或英语校报顾问(advisor)

注意:

1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3. 开头语已为你写好。

Dear Peter,

I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China. ______________________________________________________________________

Best,

Li Hua

从这两道题目中考生可以直观地看出,书信题目一般分为三个部分,分别是“背景介绍”“内容要点”和“注意事项”。“背景介绍”部分模拟了一个实际生活中可能存在的情景,告诉考生“为什么需要写这封信”;“内容要点”部分给出这封信中一定要涵盖的三到四个内容点,告诉考生“这封信中要写些什么”;“注意事项”部分给出字数等限制性要求,为考生答题立下一定的规矩。题目中一般会给出称呼语和落款,有时还会给出结束语或开头语。

命题趋势

为什么命题人喜欢选用这种题型呢?这是因为书信作文有以下三大特点。

1. 贴近生活。书信作文比一般的提纲式议论文更加贴近日常生活中的实际交际,符合高考英语大纲“贴近生活”“注重实际运用能力”的要求。

2. 形式规范。和其他几种应用文相比,书信在形式上有着更加明确的写作规范,容易制定统一的评分标准。

3. “题库”完善。书信作文虽无固定“题库”,但过去多年的考试经验已积累了丰富的真题资源,命题专家参考历年各省考过的真题,容易命制高质量的题目。

基于以上三点原因,笔者预计,在今年以及今后几年,书信仍然是高考英语书面表达的命题重点。

解题策略

大体上来说,除了开头的称呼和最后的落款外,书信作文可分开头段、中间段和结尾段三部分来写,既要符合书信的一般套路如要有问候语和祝福语等,又要涵盖写作要求中的内容要点,把问题或事情交代完整。下面具体讲解各段的写法。

1. 开头段

开头段应写出四方面的内容,即问候、自我介绍、写信背景、写信目的。这部分应简洁明快,用几句话交代清上述四方面内容即可。

① 问候。问候是考生交际能力和个人修养的体现,也是写信最基本的套路。如果不对收信人进行简单的问候就开门见山地“就事论事”,会显得突兀和不自然。问候部分很简单,往往一句“How are you?”就能搞定。

② 自我介绍。如果对方不认识你,就有必要写一句自我介绍。自我介绍需要根据题目所给信息来写,一般包括姓名、身份、所在学校等(注意:切不可写出考生自己的真实姓名和所在学校),如在2011年全国卷I书面表达中应简要介绍写信人名叫李华,“正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程”(I'm Li Hua, a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university.)。有时,有的题目还会要求你写兴趣爱好、家庭环境等信息。这时,最佳的写法就是综合运用多种语法知识,用一两句话囊括全部的必要信息,体现考生高水平的语言运用能力。例如:I'm Li Hua, a 17-year-old boy currently studying in Xinhua High School. Born to a family of writers, I'm crazy about reading novels and writing poems.

③ 写信背景。要用一句话交代出“你为什么要写这封信”。此时可参考题目中的“背景介绍”部分,进行简单的翻译或转述。如2011年全国卷I书面表达题目中,“遇到一些困难”就属于写信背景; 2010年全国卷II书面表达题目中,“你的美国笔友Peter曾表示希望来中国教书”“你校现需招聘外教”这两个内容点亦属于写信背景。

④ 写信目的。要用一句话明确指出“你写这封信是为了达成什么目的”。写信目的在题目中的“背景介绍”部分往往都有提示。如2011年全国卷I书面表达题目中的“希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助”就是写信目的,可写成:Now, I am writing to ask you for help. 2010年全国卷II书面表达题目中的“告知招聘信息”亦为写信目的,可写成:Now, I am writing to tell you about the details.

需要指出的是,如果题目中要求的写信目的不唯一,那么开头段中可不必写出写信目的,而在中间段中具体体现。如2009年山东卷书面表达:

假设你是李华,曾在美国学习半年,现已回国。你想联系你的美国老师Mr. Smith,但没有其联系方式。请根据以下要点给你的美国同学Tom 写一封信:

1. 感谢Tom对你英语学习的帮助;

2. 询问Mr. Smith的近况并索要其联系方式;

3. 邀请Tom在春节期间来中国感受中国文化。

注意:1. 词数120~150;2. 可适当增加细节。

在这道题中,虽然“背景介绍”部分提到这封信的主要目的是询问Mr. Smith的联系方式,但是后面的“内容要点”部分给出的三个内容要点并非完全围绕这一目的展开,而是分别完成了“感谢”“询问”和“邀请”三种交际功能。因此,首段中不宜唐突指出写信目的仅为“索要联系方式”。

根据“写信目的”的不同,书信可分为感谢信、邀请信、建议信、道歉信、自荐信、求助信等,其写信目的的写法各不相同,常用句型列举如下:

感谢信: I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you.

邀请信: I am writing to invite you to join the ... (as our guest/judge).

建议信: I am writing these lines to give you some suggestions.

道歉信: I am writing to express my heartfelt apology to you.

自荐信: I am writing this letter to apply for the job/position.

求助信: I am writing to ask you to do me a favor.

值得一提的是,近年来,书信命题涉及的内容日趋灵活,已经不限于上述常见的书信类型,呈现出“形式变化不多,内容丰富多样”的趋势。像2009年山东卷这种一封书信里面包含多个相互联系不甚紧密的内容要点的情况越来越多,大家需要重视起来,并学会灵活应对。

2. 中间段

书信类作文题目一般都会列出三到四个内容要点。在这些内容要点中,某些次要内容可以写到开头段和结尾段中,但关键的内容点必须独立成段,称为“中间段”。

中间段应按照“具体问题+具体分析”的逻辑思路,写成“要点+拓展”的结构,类似于语文议论文中的“总—分”结构。如2011年全国卷I书面表达中,“求助内容”就应该写成一个独立的中间段落。考生可先写“我在几个方面遇到困难需要求助”(要点),再分别描述这几个困难(拓展)。再如2010年全国卷II书面表达中,三个内容要点可以全部放在中间段来写。

在中间段中,陈述要点难度并不大,只需转述题目中的“内容要点”即可。真正使考生感到困扰的是“拓展”部分!“拓展”一般有两种情况,一种情况是题中用中文给出具体信息,需要考生用英语表达出来(如2010年全国卷II书面表达);另一种情况是题中不给出具体信息,需要考生自己去发挥(如2011年全国卷I书面表达)。

对考生来讲,这两种情况各有利弊。如果是第一种情况,题目中的中文提示往往很难直接翻译成英语,需要考生具有“同义转述”的能力,用自己的语言表达出题目要求的内容,如果逐字翻译很容易闹出一些中式英语笑话;如果是第二种情况,难点在于通过发散思维想到容易表达的内容。不论是哪种情况,多个拓展句之间都要用过渡词相连,形成完整、连贯的信息流。

中间段是文章的主体部分,中间段的质量将直接影响考生分数的高低。上文提到书信可分成感谢信、建议信等多种类型,事实上,每种类型的书信都有其相应的中间段写法,在冲刺备考阶段,考生应精研历年真题及范文,一一掌握每种书信类型的中间段写法。

3. 结尾段

结尾段一般为各种“客套话”。客套话包含感谢、致歉、必要的补充说明、个人愿望、期待回信等等。在交际中,合理地使用客套话可以体现考生的交际能力和个人修养。要想写好结尾段,考生应识记一些常用的客套话写法,例如:

① 再次表达歉意:I would like to apologize to you again for doing sth. (用于道歉信)

② 希望得到某份工作:If the chance were offered to me, I would dedicate all my effort and wisdom to the job. (用于自荐信)

③ 希望对方的问题得到解决:Hopefully, these suggestions will be beneficial and useful for you. (用于建议信)

④ 希望对方能够施予援手:Hopefully, you will be so kind to give me a hand at your earliest convenience. (用于求助信)

⑤ 感谢对方读信:Thank you for taking the time to read my letter. (用于各种书信)

⑥ 期盼对方回信:Sincerely looking forward to your early reply. (用于各种书信)

如果题目中并未给出落款,考生需在书信的结尾写上“Best wishes”以及“Yours truly/sincerely, Li Hua”等,以满足书信格式的要求。

高分范文

基于上述讲解,笔者给出两篇高分范文,希望大家认真揣摩、熟练背诵、活学活用。(由于范文使用了多个高级句型,导致字数偏多,但不影响大家模仿学习。真正考试时按题目中的词数要求来写即可。)

【范文1:2011年全国卷I】

Dear Sir/Madam,

How are you? I am Li Hua, a Chinese student currently taking summer courses in your school. I have been enjoying myself here, but I have some difficulties with my study. So I am writing to ask you to help me.

Here are the problems that have been disturbing me lately. Firstly, living in America for 4 years in my childhood, I am not quite used to your local pronunciation, which sometimes makes it hard for me to understand the teachers. Secondly, our science teacher has recommended so many reference books to us that I find it impossible for me to digest them thoroughly.

I really need your help and suggestions. I will be available this weekend. If it is convenient for you, please send me an email at lihua@1236.com or call me at 12345678. Hopefully you will be so kind to do me this favor. Thank you for taking the time to read my letter.

Look forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

【范文2:2010年全国卷II】

Dear Peter,

I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China. The good news is that our school is looking for a native-speaker to teach some courses to senior high students. So, I am writing to tell you about the details.

If you come, you can choose to teach three of the following four courses, including Spoken English, English Writing, Today Britain and Today America. The students who are going to take these courses have at least 3 years of English learning experience. What's more, you will complete only 12 hours' teaching per week, which gives you a lot of spare time to do whatever you want. Additionally, you will also be invited to work as an advisor to our students' English club and our school's English newspaper.

Please drop me a line to let me know if you are interested in this teaching position. If there is anything else I can do for you, please let me know. I'd be more than happy to help.

Best,

Li Hua

书信作文看似难写,但其中自有其规律。希望大家认真领会本文介绍的技巧和策略,彻底掌握这一高考常考题型,取得高考冲刺的最后胜利。

作者简介:

2022年考研英语小作文(书信) 篇3

应用文写作(小作文)

第一节命题分析

应用文写作是2005年大纲修订之后出现的新题型,主要考查学生在某些特定的日常情境中英文的实际应用能力。相对于大作文来说,应用文的写作还是比较容易完成的。但是在大约15分钟内按照题意写出100词的短文,考生不仅要能够恰当地根据给定情境迅速成文,而且也要有较高的语言能力。因此,在平时的准备过程中,考生应全面了解和掌握各种常见应用文体的写作格式、方法和特点,尤其是要熟悉各类文体的基本结构和常用句型。大纲中规定的应用文文体的种类包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。鉴于考试的要求和实际情况,文章的长度以及文体应用的广泛程度,我们认为应用文写作主要分为两大类:信函类应用文和告示类应用文。其中信函类应用文种类繁多、应用广泛,因此比较重要;告示类应用文虽然写法不同,但总体上的格式和要求是一致的,不能忽略其重要性。另外,应用文写作也有可能出现在平时的生活中,考生也要学会实际运用。

应用文的实际用途决定了其语言应简洁明了,但并不要求复杂多变、词藻华丽。应用文一般需要开门见山,一开始就明确地表达主要意思或目的;文章要求思路清晰,目标明确,语气恰当;尤其是公文信函中,一定要注意语言的正式和礼貌,遵循交际原则;最后还要注意细节,确保事件、数字、日期等信息的准确传达和标点符号的正确使用。

第二节题型解析

一、信函类应用文

书信是我们用以交涉事务、增进了解、交流思想、联络感情的一个重要工具。就其文体可分为正式和非正式的文体;就其种类可分为私人信件、社交信件、商务信件和公务信件;就其用途可分为求职信、咨询信、感谢信、投诉信、建议信、邀请信、推荐信等。这里先就书信的一般写作格式加以介绍。

一封正规的英文书信的结构或框架由以下五部分组成:

1.The Heading 信端

2.The Salutation 称谓

3.The Body 正文

4.The Close 结尾

5.The Signature 签名

下面分别对这五个部分进行详细的分析:

1.信端(或信头)

信端是写信是最先要写的,也就是你的地址和写信日期。当然,如果你的长期通信地址收信人已知道,信端只写日期也行。

写信端时至少要离纸的边缘三、四行开始写,信端写在信纸右上角。先写发信人地址,第一行写门牌号码和街道名称;第二行写区名、市(县)名、省(州)名;寄往国外的信,还要加上国家的名称;第三行写发信日期。

日期的写法应注意以下几点:

(1)年份应写完整,不能以09代替2009;

(2)月份通常用缩写形式(May, June, July除外);

(3)日期最好用基数词,这样简单明了;

(4)如果都用阿拉伯数字,一般顺序是:日、月、年。

整个日期可用下列几种表达方式:

Oct.15, 2009

15th Oct.2009Oct.2009

注意:日期与年份之间总要用逗号隔开,但月份与日期之间不用逗号(全用阿拉伯数字除外)。

2.称谓

信的称谓是对收信人的尊称语。一般在信纸的左边顶格开始书写,低于信内地址一、二行;如果没有信内地址,就低与信端一、二行。

不管写给何人的信都首先写上Dear。给一般朋友的信,Dear 后跟名字,如Dear Mary;给母亲的信,Dear 后跟称谓,如 Dear Mother;给长辈亲戚的信,Dear 后跟称谓,如 Dear Uncle John;给不太相识的人写信,Dear后跟先生、夫人、小姐等称呼,再跟姓,如 Dear Mr.Brown, Dear Miss Jenny;如果不知对方姓名,可直接写 Dear Sir或 Dear Madam,如连对方的性别都不知道,就写 Dear Sir/Madam。

千万不要根据汉语的习惯用下列称呼,如 Dear Friend, Mr.Frank Smith等。称呼后一般用逗号,但美国和加拿大英语常用冒号。

3.正文

信的正文是一封信最重要的部分,它包含你要说的话或你的个人信息等。

信的正文在称呼的下面一行,一般在信纸左边五六个字母的空隙后开始写。写正文时,如果涉及的事务较多,可以分段叙述。每段开头都要留空格,每句第一个字母都应大写。信的正文应简明扼要,条理清楚,语言通俗易懂。信的开头语和结束语多种多样。常见的开头语有:

I was so pleased to receive your letter...Thank you for your kind letter...Sorry for delaying this letter so long...常见的结束语有:

Best wishes to you.Take good care of yourself and write often.Our warm regards to your parents.4.结尾

信的结尾即在签名前再一次表示敬意和问候。信的结尾写在低于正文两、三行的地方,大都从信纸中间偏右的位置写起,只第一个字母大写,句末应用逗号。确切的措辞取决于书信的种类以及与收信人的友谊深浅和亲昵程度。如果写给一般相识,就不应用“Devoutly yours,”或者“With deepest affection,”也不要用冷漠和正式的 “Very truly yours,”写给一位很喜欢的老相识,结尾既不要过分使用华丽辞藻,也不可粗鲁无礼,而是要恰到好处的用词。

写给专业人士的商务信函,一般用正式的社交语言结尾。如:“Very truly yours.”一般非正式的社交信函,通常使用下列结尾:Sincerely yours, Yours very sincerely, Always sincerely yours, Yours cordially, Most cordially yours, Faithfully yours 等。对于密友或亲戚可以用这些结尾:Yours affectionately, Always affectionately yours, Lovingly yours, Yours Loving sister, With love 等。

至于情书,那要看爱情的深厚程度如何,可以用一般性的结尾“Fondly yours,” 也可用冲动的 “Yours with the utmost devotion,”。

我们中国人用英语写信,往往受汉语书信格式和语言的影响,所以要注意不要用中国式的结尾如 “I salute to you,” “Salute,”等。

5.签名

写信人将自己的名字签在结尾的下面,偏向信纸的右边,名字签完一般要靠近右边边缘。签名时要注意名字的拼法:一是不要带有任何头衔,二是中国人的姓名若是两个汉字的名字,其拼音的首字母都要大写,如 “Li Ming”(而现在最流行的写法是姓氏的字母全都要大写,如LI Ming, 以便让人区别姓氏与名字);若是三个字的名字则第一、二个拼音字母大写,第三个与第二个无间隔首字母小写,如: “Liu Xiaoming”。

2022年考研英语小作文(书信) 篇4

您好!

如果有人问我,在你的心中谁最伟大?我一定会自豪地回答:是您——我的祖国妈妈!

祖国啊,我们在圆明园里见证了您的沧桑和屈辱;我们在长城上,感受到了您的雄伟和磅礴;我们在草原、大漠,看到了您的浩瀚与辽阔;我们在丝绸之路上,领略到了您的悠久和深遂。五千年来,古有郑成功、关天培、葛云飞、陈化成、邓世昌等一大批抗击列强侵略为国捐躯的民族英雄;近有老一辈无产阶级革命家领导中国人民翻身解放建立了新中国,以及在新中国建设中,那些辛勤工作和劳动的无名英雄。

今年是您的__岁生日,我要给您送去最衷心的祝福。在属于您的节日里,我要对您说:“祖国妈妈,我们永远爱您!”

您的女儿__

2022年夏至养生小知识 篇5

1、适当锻炼身体

锻炼的时间最好选择在清晨或傍晚天气较为凉爽的时候进行,场地可选择在河湖水边、公园庭院等空气清新的地方,锻炼的项目以散步、打太极拳、做广播体操为好,剧烈的运动不宜做。

2、外出采取防晒措施

此时节,公众应避免在强烈的阳光下暴晒,外出时,应采取防晒措施,如打伞、戴遮阳帽、涂防晒霜等;随身要备有人丹、藿香正气水、十滴水、清凉油等。另外,从服装的颜色上来讲,最好穿红色的衣服,因为红色的衣服可大量吸收日光中的紫外线,进而保护皮肤,防止皮肤老化甚至癌变。

3、要清凉

这个多指穿着及生活环境。夏季不要穿得太厚,很多年轻人喜欢穿牛仔服饰,夏季不适合穿这种衣物。衣服颜色尽量以浅色为主,这样才能少吸热。衣服的布料尽量选用棉质及亚麻,这样容易吸汗和透气。居室宜清凉,早晚室内气温低,应将门窗打开,通风换气。中午室外气温高于室内,宜将门窗紧闭,拉好窗帘。阴凉的环境,会使人心静神安。

4、晚睡早起睡午觉

此时节,公众起居调养应顺应自然界阳盛阴衰的变化,宜晚睡早起,而老弱者则应早睡早起,尽量保持每天7小时左右的睡眠时间。从这天开始,一定要睡午觉。夏至阴生,在中医理论中,午觉是以阳养阴,子觉是以阴养阳。只要能合上眼睛一会,就能达到很好的养阴效果。

5、静息调心

根据中医五行理论,夏天是养心的季节。养心学家认为夏季炎热,更宜调息静心,应“常如冰雪在心”,即“心静自然凉”。听慢音乐是一个调息的好方法。音乐中的音符也含有阴阳五行的元素,和节奏快的音乐能增强体内阳气、助人兴奋的效果相反,舒缓音乐可以帮助呼吸慢下来,让心脏得到休息。

6、温水洗澡

每日温水洗澡也是值得提倡的健身措施,不仅可以洗掉汗水、污垢,使皮肤清洁凉爽消暑防病,而且能起到锻炼身体的目的。因为,温水冲澡时的水压及机械按摩作用,可使神经系统兴奋性降低,体表血管扩张,加快血液循环,改善肌肤和组织的营养,降低肌肉张力,消除疲劳,改善睡眠,增强抵抗力。

7、忌夜卧贪凉

不可晚上睡觉整夜开空调冷气,这种习惯易导致伤风、面瘫、关节疼痛、腹痛腹泻,对身体的损伤是严重的。对小儿甚至不要在其睡着之后扇风取凉,否则,易于罹患手足抽搐、口噤不开、风痹等病症,人们往往不知其害,所谓爱之深,则害之甚。谚语有“避风如避箭,避色如避乱,加减逐时衣,少餐申后饭”的养生口诀,均可以理解为夏季的养生要求。

夏至是入伏的开始吗

夏至不是入伏的开始,但是它是判断入伏的标志。民间俗语说“夏至三庚入伏”,意思是夏至来临的第三个庚日就开始入伏了。入伏指的是三伏天,这段时间是夏天最热的时候,包括初伏、中伏和末伏,第四个庚日到第五个庚日为中伏,庚日间相差10天。

三伏天分为头伏(初伏),中伏和末伏

初伏:夏至日开始的第三个庚日(夏至那天不算)为初伏的第一天,初伏是十天。

中伏:初伏后的十天,也就是初伏的下一个庚日(因为天干为十个甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛,壬、癸,每一个循环都是十天),中伏的天数不定,这个由末伏的开始时间决定。

末伏:立秋后的第一个庚日开始,为末伏的第一天。末伏为10天。末伏结束的时间在秋天的第二个节气处暑前后。古人的命名和计算还是很贴切的。

三伏天的开始与结束都是由庚日决定的,因此,从夏至开始到立秋之间如果有4个庚日,则中伏十天。如果有5个庚日,中伏为20天。三伏天的长短与闰月无关。

关于夏至的古诗

在我国文学历史上,有许多诗人都为夏至创作过诗词。

《夏至日作》唐·权德舆

璿枢无停运,四序相错行。

寄言赫曦景,今日一阴生。

《夏至》长卿

夜半惊岚偃旗旌,朝闻远鸦方初醒。

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