大学英语测试题（推荐8篇）
（三）Part II Vocabulary & Structure
Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences.It consists of 2 sections.Section A
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences.You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16.Allan is looking forward to _______ the trade fair.A)meet
B)meeting
C)be meeting
D)having met
17.The sales manager had his secretary ________ a press conference for their new products.A)arrange
B)to arrange
C)have arranged
D)arranged
18.The message ________ Mr.Black was elected chairman of the committee arrived just in time.A)which
B)what
C)that
D)how
19.They had talked only for a few minutes ________ they found they were of different opinions.A)unless
B)while
C)before
D)once
20.By the time you month, I ________ my term paper.A)have completed
B)complete
C)am completing
D)will have completed
21.It is important to provide an environment ________ people are encouraged to make suggestions at all levels of the company.A)from which
B)on which
C)in which
D)for which
22.The scientists wanted to keep people ________ about the breakthrough in their experiment.A)inform
B)informed
C)informing
D)to inform
23.When I first arrived in Japan, I was surprised ________ the way people greeted each other.A)of
B)to
C)with
D)at
24.Not until that day ________ the importance of good manners in a job interview.A)did I realize
B)I did realize
C)I have realized
D)have I realized
25.The market economy is quickly changing people’s idea on ________ is accepted.A)that
B)which
C)what
D)how
Section B
Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here.You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets.Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26.He tried to solve the problem, but he(quick)________ gave up.27.The guest paid(little)________ money than he should for the room.28.It is far more(interest)________ for me to chat online with friends than to watch TV.29.Finally the woman found her(lose)________ child with the help of the police.30.a raise in salary because of his excellent(perform)________ at work.31.This hospital, which(equip)________ with modern facilities, is one of the best in the country.32.Before(write)________ an application letter, you should be aware what kind of people the employer needs.33.In the past few years, traffic problems(become)________ more and more serious.34.It’s really(wonder)________ to see you here again in Beijing.35.If I(be)________ you, I wouldn’t miss the job interview tomorrow morning.Part III Reading Comprehension
Directions: This part is to test your reading ability.There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill.You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40.For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.The iMOVE database（数据库）information platform for persons interested in job opportunities offered by German companies.The information can be obtained in seven languages: German, English, French, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and Arabic.All programs in the area of professional training are carried out by German training providers.All these programs have a clear content to meet your special needs.Programs which take place in Germany are carried out in English.Many of the German training providers have started their training activities towards the international market.Therefore, they also offer courses abroad.These courses are taught in English or the language of the target country.Providers will be glad to supply you with additional information on these courses.You can contact the provider directly to find out more about a program and the training provider.To guarantee high standards in the database, iMOVE has developed quality standards for training providers and their services.All of the training facilities in the iMOVE database have to follow these quality criteria(标准).All training providers who publish their international training programs in the iMOVE database have recognized our General Terms and Conditions.36.The iMOVE database is intended for persons who ________.A)seek a job as a language translator
B)are interested in the German language
C)want to be employed by German companies
D)wish to work for professional training providers
37.The iMOVE programs are carried out by ________.A)language training centers
B)German training providers
C)special service developers
D)overseas employment advisers
38.held in Germany are taught in _________.A)German
B)English
C)French
D)Chinese
39.Which of the following measures has iMOVE taken to guarantee its high standards?
A)Offering different language courses.B)Providing modern training facilities.C)Starting training courses overseas.D)Developing quality standards.40.The purpose of the passage is to ________.A)advertise the iMOVE database
B)make German companies more popular
C)hire overseas employees to work in Germany
D)encourage people to learn more foreign languages
Task 2
Directions: This task is the same as Task 1.The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.It is so easy to earn rewards!
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41.Air France carries out its Frequency Plus ________.A)through its reduced ticket prices
B)through its extensive network of partners
C)by providing convenient flight schedules
D)by offering excellent services on board
42.In order to get the first reward, passengers must fly at least ________.A)for 6 months
B)20,000 miles
C)3,000 bonus Miles
D)once in three weeks
43.Passengers can begin to earn Miles ________.A)if they reserve tickets at a hotel
B)if they buy tickets at the airport
C)before receiving the Permanent Card
D)after receiving the Permanent Card
44.Passengers should send their application to Air France ________.A)upon receiving the application form
B)within 3 weeks of their first flight
C)before their first flight with Air France
D)within 6 months of joining the program
45.The extra bonus Miles for a passenger’s first trip with Air France within 6 months of joining is ________.A)2,000 miles
B)3,000 miles
C)20,000 miles
D)30,000 miles
Task 3
Directions: The following is a Memo.After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it(No.46 to No.50).You should write your answers briefly(in no more than three words)on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.The College of Business Management(CBM)is seeking new members to represent the college as Student Ambassadors(大使).will represent the college during the school year.Their term of service will begin during the autumn.Student Ambassadors will have the opportunity to cooperate with students at various activities throughout the school year.Purposes:
1.Promote the College of Business Management.2.Improve leadership and communication skills.3.Assist in the recruitment of students to CBM.Qualifications and Requirements:
1.Must currently be a full-time student in the College of Business Management.2.Must be available to assist with various recruitment activities.3.Must be able to contact students from various backgrounds.Application Procedure:
1.Print a copy from our website.2.Complete the application form and return it to the Student Advising Office.For More Information:
Contact Mark Davis at 472-2310 or stop by the Student Advising Office.Student Ambassadors Wanted
Term of service: throughout the school year
Tasks:
1.represent the-46-as Student Ambassadors
2.cooperate with students at-47-
Purposes:
1.promote CBM
2.improve leadership and-48-skills
3.assist in the recruitment activities
Qualifications: must be a-49-student in CBM
Application Procedure:
1.print a copy
2.complete the form
3.return it to the-50-
Task 4
Directions: The following is a list of medical terms.After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to(与…等同)those given in Chinese in the table below.Then you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 51 through 55.A—physical check-up
B—biological clock
C—pulse rate
D—high blood pressure
E—sleep habits
F—over-the-counter(OTC)medicine
G—side effect
H—personality test
I—operating room
J—sense of well-being
K—face-lift
L—compulsive over-eating
M—stress self-test
N—plastic surgeon
O—heart beat
P—behavior therapy
Q—terminal stage
Examples:(K)面部整容(N)整形外科医生
51.()心跳()非处方药
52.()手术室()强迫性过度饮食
53.()副作用()生物钟
54.()高血压()脉搏率
55.()睡眠习惯()体检
Task 5
Directions: The following is a business letter.After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions(No.56 to No.60)that follow.The answers(in no more than 3 words)should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Gmail(Google Email)Notice
Subject: Your Gmail account has been inactive for a long time
From “The Gmail Team” gmail-noreply@gmail.com
Time 2008-06-26 14:12:55
To wanghaiyan@163.com
Hi there，We’ve noticed that you haven’t used your Gmail account, wanghaiyan@gmail.com, for quite some time.In order to make Gmail better for our users, we’ve added a lot of things in the last few months and we hope you’ll want to start using your account again.Stop worrying about storage(存储量).has 5000 megabytes(兆字节)of free storage and our plan is to continue growing your storage by giving you more space as we are able.The Gmail interface(界面)is now available in 12 languages.If you don’t see the language you want on this list, look for it in the future because we’re going to keep adding more.We’re still working hard every day to build for you the best email service around.But to keep Gmail great for our users, we may have to close inactive accounts after 9 months.So, we hope you’ll give us another chance.To log in(登录)to your Gmail account, just visit: http://gmail.google.com.Thanks.The Gmail Team
56.Why does the Gmail Team write to the Gmail user?
Because the user hasn’t used his / her Gmail ________ for quite some time.57.What kind of storage the user’s account now has?
It now has 5,000 megabytes of _____________________________ storage.58.How many languages are available in the Gmail interface now?
___________________________________________________________.59.What may happen to the user’s account if it is inactive for 9 months?
The Gmail team may have to _________________ the user’s account.60.What is the purpose of the Gmail team in sending this email?
They hope the user will ___________________________ the account.Part IV Translation--English into Chinese
Directions: This part, numbered 61 through 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese.After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64, you will read four choices of suggested translation.You should choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.And for the paragraph numbered 65, write your translation in the corresponding space on the Translation/ Composition Sheet.61., training and personal qualities meet the requirements you set for the position of electrical engineer.A)我认为我受的教育和培训，以及个人素质正是你们要求的，我会努力履行电气工程师的职务。
B)我相信我所接受的教育和培训，以及我的个人素质均符合你们对电气工程师职务设定的要求。
C)得知你们招聘电气工程师，我觉得我的背景可以让你们了解我受过的教育和培训，以及我的个人品德。
D)得知你们招聘电气工程师，和培训，完善我的个人品质，成为一名电气工程师。
62.As you have done the market survey, I would like to discuss with you the possibility of selling our products in the US.A)因为美国产品有市场，所以我们要研究开发我们产品的可能性。
B)因为你有市场资料，所以我希望与你讨论美国产品的销售情况。
C)你已经作了市场调查，所以我想和你讨论在美国销售我们产品的可能性。
D)你已了解了市场，因此我希望能与你商讨在美国开发我们产品的可能性。
63.The general manager public relations person as well as the head of the company’s management.A)总经理不仅要当好公关人员，而且要领导好公司。
B)，也一定要当好公司的领导。
C)总经理不仅是公司的管理首脑，还必须起某种公关人物的作用。
D)总经理要管理好自己的公司，首先必须管理好公司的公关人员。
64.The study shows that our computers are superior to those of our competitors in terms of functions and speed.A)研究表明，我们的计算机在功能和速度两方面都优于我们的竞争对手。
B)研究表明，我们的计算机与我们竞争者的产品在功能和速度方面有差异。
C)研究表明，我们的计算机在效率和速度方面都与其它厂商不同。
D)研究表明，我们的计算机正面临着高速发展的其它厂商的竞争。
65.Movie-goers(电影院常客)across China will now only pay half price for tickets Tuesday, which will start in July.Any movie shown on Tuesday will be half price, even for new movies.The purpose is to bring people back to the cinema on Tuesday, when numbers of audiences are the lowest of the week.Some cinemas in Beijing and Shenzhen that began in advance have seen an increase in audiences Tuesday evenings.Part V Writing
Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing.You are required to write a letter of complaint according to the following information given in Chinese.Remember to do the task on the Translation/Composition Sheet.说明：请以王华的名义向商店经理写一封投诉信。内容如下：
投诉人：王华
投诉对象：第一百货公司
投诉商品：SQ200手机
投诉原因：不能拍照，不能收发短信，……等等
投诉要求：退货或更换
提出希望：及早回复
写信日期：2008年12月21日
注意信函格式！
答案：16-20:BACCD
21-25:CBDDC
26.quickly 27.less 28.interesting 29.lost 30.performance
31.equipped 32.writing 33.have become 34.wonderful 35.were 36-40:CBBDA
41-45:BBCBB 46.college 47.various activities 48.communication 49.full-time 50.Student Advising Office
51.O,F 52.I,L 53.G,B 54.D,C 55.E,A
56.account 57.free 58.12 languages 59.close 60.log in 61-64:BCCA
(一) 交际语言测试的产生
交际语言测试是在心理语言学、社会语言学时期产生的一种测试模式。20世纪90年代, 美国应用语言学家Bachman提出了一个新的交际语言能力测试模式, 该模式在当时的美国测试界产生了广泛的影响, 被认为是语言测试史上的一个里程碑。Bachman认为, 语言交际能力就是把语言知识和语言使用的场景特征结合起来, 创造并解释意义的能力。它由语言能力、策略能力和心理生理机制三部分组成。语言能力指具体的语言知识, 指进行语言交际的运用语言知识;策略能力指运用语言知识的心理能力, 是将语言知识运用于交际目的的手段;心理生理机制指语言交际时所涉及的神经和心理过程。它不仅指出交际能力应当包括语言能力、语篇能力和语用能力等范畴, 而且指出它们之间不是一个简单的并列关系, 而是一种互动的关系。也就是说, 语言的使用是一个动态的过程。Bachman的这一模式不仅较为全面地解释了交际语言能力所包含的基本因素, 而且说明了各因素之间的相互关系, 这为交际语言测试理论模式的形成和发展奠定了坚实的基础。
(二) 交际语言测试的主要特征
交际语言测试是一种行为测试, 是在真实或接近真实的情景中通过完成实际的交际任务来测量考生运用语言知识的能力。因此, 交际语言测试应体现三个原则, 即交际原则、任务原则和意义原则。其特征具体表现为:
1. 交际语言测试强调语言交际功能这一本质, 而不是语言的形式和结构。如BEC口试, 安排考生2—3人为一组, 根据实际需要分析, 确定考生话题, 使得每一位考生都有明确的实际对象和交际目的。
2. 交际语言测试虽然也测试语言知识, 但更侧重对语言行为的测试。试卷中规定若干具体的任务, 任务的设计基于现实生活的需要, 以检测考生运用语言完成所规定的交际任务的能力。因此, 考生不仅要掌握一定的语言知识, 而且要具备正确理解各种交际情景, 并能在不同的语境中恰当地运用所掌握的语言知识的能力。
3. 交际语言测试材料力求真实, 且具有代表性, 体现在真实生活中以及特定的社会文化环境中进行交际时使用语言的一些主要特征。
4. 交际语言测试强调听、说、读、写四种技能在语篇层次上的综合运用能力, 这显然比结构主义离散的、脱离语境的测试形式又进了一步。因为语言在实际使用中各种技能之间是相互交织、相互转化的, 一种技能不可能孤立地使用, 而独立于其他技能之外。
5. 在测试方法上, 交际语言测试更注重于语言测试的效度而不是信度。这种测试虽然难以提供客观、可靠的量化数据, 但测试效度很高, 可以更加直接地测量考生运用语言知识的能力。
(三) 评分的方法
1. Hughes的两种评判途径
交际性测试的主观题的评判可以采用Hughes提出的两种评判途径:一是整体评判, 即评分者根据对受试者表现的整体印象一次性评判。这种方法的优点, 是评判迅速, 一份试卷可由几位评分者分别评分, 从而最大限度地保证评分信度。二是分析性评判, 即评分者根据特定评判标准对于测试任务的不同方面分别评分, 然后综合评定。这种评判方法的优点, 一是可以促使受试者语言技能的均衡发展, 二是评判者对一份试卷可给出多个分数, 因而往往能保证测试的信度;其缺点是花费时间。为了弥补这些缺陷, 有时需再进行一次整体性评判。
2. Bachman, Palmer和Farhady的评分方法
Bachman和Palmer认为, 由于测试的目的不同, 测试中涉及的任务量也是不同的。因而有很多种具体的评分方法, 但概括起来可归纳为两种:一是把成绩看做成功完成的测试任务的数量, 即把受试者答对的题的分数加起来。这种方法主要用于选择或表达受限制的题项。具体实施这种方法一般有两个步骤:第一, 确定构成“成功完成任务”的标准, 即判断正误的尺度。第二, 确定按对错打分还是按不同的正确程度打分。如Farhady设计的多项选择题的四个选项中, 一项是既语法正确又符合社会习惯, 选择此项可得满分2分;另外两项是部分正确选项, 即语言正确或得体各具其一, 选择这两项中的任何之一者可得1分;最后一项是语言既不正确也不得体, 选此项不得分。
Farhady设计的测试克服了交际性测试过去忽视语言准确性的缺点, 吸取了分立式测试测验语言项目的特点, 并将其体现在评分要求中, 从而使交际性测试与分立式测试有机地结合起来, 发挥了两者的长处。同时, 可确定不同的语言能力等级, 根据这些等级评判考试测试任务完成的情况。这种方法主要用来评判那些激励型的题项, 如口头回答问题、作文等。
二、大学英语试题设计
1.口语测试
既然口语技能是交际能力中非常重要的技能之一, 那么在大学英语正式考试中, 将口语考试排除在外, 这对于全面发展学生的交际能力是不可取的。交际性口语测试具有真实性、功能性、交互性、情景性和综合性等特点。其常见模式有双向交互式和多向交互式;常用的方法有角色扮演、面谈和讨论等。如果大规模考试的可行性能得以解决, 那么口语考试将是正式考试的一个重要组成部分。在中国许多大学, 老师建议若能解决主观性评分和大规模举办所带来的诸多问题, 口语测试应尽可能早地列入到大学英语专业考试 (TEM) 中去。1994年, 南京大学已率先完成了对专业英语四级口语测试可行性的研究, 且现行大学英语考试中的口语测试正在我国一些城市和省份有条不紊地进行着。
2.主客观题比例
语言考试中, 所有考试题型不应都是客观的, 主客观题的比例应加以适当的调整。然而, 一旦在我国现行大学英语考试中增加了主观题, 就会出现评分者在打分时标准各有所不同的情况。所以, 一方面, 我们要对评分者进行培训, 以应用双重评分原则 (double scoring) 来减少评分差异, 保持评分的可信度;另一方面, 我们在小规模的考试中, 如进步考试 (progress tests) 和学业成就考试 (achievement tests) , 可多采用主观试题, 在大规模考试中, 如大学英语考试 (CET) , 可适当控制主观题的数量以避免因评分标准的差异所带来的诸多困难。
3.完整的语境
在语篇的层面上, 对应试者的阅读理解能力和写作水平应进行测试。我们以完型填空 (cloze) 为例, 它选择相对完整的文章, 为应试者提供一定丰富的语境。现行大学英语考试中, 一些含有完整语境的交际性测试题已正在被广泛应用。例如:
Bill falls down on the ground from his bicycle and his leg hurts.He tells Dick the telephone number of his father's office and asks him to phone his father to come at once.Bill tells Dick not to ride too fast.Complete the five sentences in the following blanks.Don't Ride Too Fast
Bill:_____
Dick:I'm sorry to hear it.Is there anything I can do for you?
Bill:_____
Dick:Is he in his office or at home?
Bill:_____
Dick:553246.I've got it done.Now I'll run to the nearest public phone.Wait for me here.
Bill:_____It'll save time.
Dick:That's a good idea.I'll be back soon.
Bill:_____
Dick:Don't worry.I won't.
这种试题可以帮助学生将训练语言表达能力作为重点, 不仅要求应试者要理解上下文的逻辑关系、中心思想和对话中双方的态度, 而且要求懂得英语地道的表达方式以及文化差异。这种类型的试题可增加整个考试的有效性, 因而, 可以弥补在大学英语考试中将口语排除在外所带来的弊端。
4.综合技能测试
综合测试法主张测试题应处于更大的语境框架中, 从单词扩展到连贯的语篇, 同时, 综合考核应试者几个语言特点的掌握情况和为交际服务的语言使用能力及语言运用能力。在一个完整的交流语场中, 听与说是密切相连的。然而, 目前客观性较强的听力考试只注重听的能力和对信息的接受能力, 而在口语表达方面并无顾及。因此, 在大规模的考试中, 应在原有的客观性较强的听力试题上多加入口语表达的内容, 使听与说能得到更好的结合。例如:
Listening content:
M:Did you go to the English evening yesterday?
W:Yes, I did.I went there with some of my classmates.
M:I heard it was a great success.
W:_____
Choices given:_____
A:Yes, of course.It lasted more than two hours.
B:Why not?We danced till midnight.
C:Yes, it was.We all enjoyed the performance very much
D:Oh, what a great time we had.
为选择出正确的应答选项, 应试者不仅要理解前句, 更要清楚在真实语境中应答的适度性。因此, 一定的语境交际知识是很有必要的。然而, 在现行的大学英语考试中, 一些阅读和写作题对语言的理解和应用能力的测试仍具有局限性。所以, 语言应用试题应趋向于对读与写的考查。这种题型的优点在于它向应试者提供了一定的思考环境, 帮助他们能用英语组织和表达自己的观点。将语言理解和表达寓于读写, 是书面交际的一个完整过程。此类题型可指导我们更好地培养学生的信息处理能力, 以便学生们在将来的工作领域中能用英语写好笔记、书面报告以及论文等。
三、结论
随着交际教学法的不断深入和扩大, 实施交际性测试已刻不容缓。然而, 交际性测试需要的不仅仅是在理论上的改进, 在其可靠性、实效性、收集和采纳考试结果以及评分标准等方面也需要有不同程度的改善。当我们将大学英语考试的一些理论付诸于实践时, 我们应采取一些务实的态度。为了更好地明确在现行大学英语考试发展阶段我们该如何做, 我们就必须得进行调查、研究和深入的分析。无论怎样, 学习一门语言的目的就是为了在实践中应用, 而且现行大学英语考试也是为了对学生语言应用能力的测试。这样看来, 随着交际性测试一些具体问题的逐步解决, 交际性测试的前途将一片光明。
摘要：随着我国大学英语教学的改革与发展, 交际教学法得到了广泛的应用。在广泛应用以交际法为主导的语言教学的今天, 交际性语言测试的形式应运而生。在交际测试理论下, 能从口语测试、主客观题比例、完整的语境、综合技能测试和评分标准这几个方面更有效、更科学地指导和促进大学英语试题的设计。
关键词：交际测试,大学英语,试题
参考文献
[1]陈晓扣.论英语客观试题猜测的是与非及衡量方法[J].解放军外国语学院学报, 1999, (1) .
[2]郭丽.大学英语校内测试模式的调查与分析[J].外语界, 2003, (2) .
[3]孔文, 李清华.大规模语言测试的走向:计算机适应性语言测试[J].外语界, 2002, (2) .
[4]韩宝成.语言测试的新进展:基于任务的语言测试[J].外语教学与研究, 2003, (5) .
[5]何高大.外语测试的发展趋势[J].外语与外语教学, 2001, (12) .
[6]李桔元.现代语言测试之我见[J].外语教学, 2001, (6) .
[7]蔺长旺.教育测试新理论——IRT的研究与应用[J].外语教学与研究, 2000, (5) .
[8]原萍.成就测试对外语教学的正面反拨效应[J].外语教学, 2002 (4) .
[9]曾葡初.论语用观的语言测试[J].外语与外语教学, 2002, (3) .
【关键词】语言测试理论 大学英语 试题库
语言测试具有综合性、跨学科性的特点，通过语言学、语言教学法和学习论等途径获得测试内容，并以心理测量学为方向进行测试理论的构建。本文介绍了新的语言测试理论——交际语言测试理论，为今后我国的大学英语试题库建设和发展带来指导性帮助，同时也引导学生由重视语言的“用法”到重视语言的“使用”。
一、语言测试理论下大学英语试题库构建原则
1.实用性原则。语言教学是第一性的，没有语言教学也就没有所谓的语言测试，语言测试主要为语言教学服务，是检验语言教学成效，提高教学质量的手段。语言教学的主要目的是培养学生的应用语言能力，而语言测试为学生提供科学的测试工具，对学生采用语言运用抽样的方式，能够客观、准确、公平地评价学生的语言能力。大学英语试题库建设主要是根据学生使用的教材设计不同考试题型和考试的重点模式，进而生成为大学生英语期末学业考试试题，同时还要与大学生英语形成性评估相互结合，对大学生学习情况进行横向纵向相互比较，因此具备实用性。
2.针对性原则。在每所学校每学期期末测试中采用大学试题库来检测学生大学英语课程的学习成果，这种测试按照英语语言测试类型归类的话属于成绩考试。成绩考试的目的在于了解学生经过一阶段的学习后对教学内容的掌握情况，这就意味着这种测试的内容必须要和学生所上的英语课程内容相互关联，与教材中内容一致，主要围绕英语课程目前的课本来进行命题。教师在认真研究大学英语教学指导思想后，以大学英语教材为中心加强试题库的全面建设，使题库内容与实际教学内容相一致，因此具备针对性。
3.科学性原则。在建设大学英语试题库时，要时刻注重以科学为主进行命题的原则，保障试题库建设发挥自身作用。命题的教师对当前教学的纲要、基础教材、命题的方案和教师所提供的试题展开针对性的研究与讨论，并在此基础上实施修改、筛选、保存，以此确保试题库的数据科学、准确，题型足够标准统一。试题库中的内容要根据实际情况进行分级，保障考点全面，题型丰富多样，鼓励教师自主研发试题。命题的过程中，教师要根据不同年级、不同层次的学生来合理命题，其中的知识点要涵盖教学大纲的教学内容，主要针对语音、句法、词汇和文化的考察。在题型的储备中，要力求多样化，例如选择、问答、填空和改错等，以全面考察学生的语言应用能力，满足对不同学生能力的测试需求。
二、语言测试理论中大学英语试题库优化方案
1.巩固教师语言测试及相关理论的基础。在建设试题库时，高质量的试题对其建设有重大的意义，并且教师学习系统化测试学所涉及的知识是生成高质量试题的关键。因此，应针对实际情况，成立专门的测试小组，通过科学的理论指导按照步骤进行建库。试题库建设是一件系统且复杂的工程，命题的教师不仅需要研究语言测试的基本理论，还应该系统性地学习英语测试涉及的知识、命题技术和各题型的主要功能等，只有通过这样的方式，才能打造出高质量、高水平的大学英语试题库。
2.提升大学英语试题库的真实性和交互性。语言是人们从事社会活动的工具，不是单纯的知识系统，它是一个能反应出人们互动性和交流性的过程。语言的交际是一个涉及情景、语言使用者和语篇的动态交互过程。伴随着语言学、教育测量学、交际学等相关学科的共同发展，交际形式的外语测试也逐渐完善。交际语言测试模式具有真实性的特点，既测试语言的“用法”，也测试语言的“使用”，这为大学英语教师在命题时提供了明确的方向——语言测试要以还原真实情景为准则，在测试中体现出真实性和交互性，既测试学生的语言知识，也测试学生在具体的语言场景中恰当运用语言知识进行有效交际的能力，从而提供有效策略帮助学生提高自身的语言交际能力。
3.重视大学英语试题库生成试卷的效度和信度。当下语言测试理论中的效度和信度是评估试卷的重要指标。信度是指考试的结果足够可靠和稳定；而效度是指在测试中所考察的内容是否和命题人所想一致，换句话说，就是指测试和测试的目标之间的关联程度。信度和效度的关系较为密切，只有信度有所提高，测试才能拥有较高的效度，因此命题教师要全面精确地掌握教材中语言知识点的具体分布和难易程度，进而制定出明确的教学目标和内容，通过周密严谨的态度思考和探讨试题的设计，结合合理分配的分数比例，反映出学生的语言能力。
三、结语
从传统语言测试理论发展到交际语言测试理论，测试的目的逐渐由对单一语言能力的测试转变为对全面语言能力的考察，在题目的设计上要从不自然语言转变为自然语言，题型的选择也要有所改变，适当减少客观题型，逐渐添加写作、翻译等主观题型，以检验学生的语言实际应用能力。教师应全面理解试题库的特点，优化大学英语试题库的建设，使之在教学活动中充分发挥作用，促进教学发展与教学质量的提高，为学生今后的英语学习带来帮助。
参考文献：
[1]王晓冬.基于语言测试理论优化大学英语试题库建设[J].东北农业大学学报（社会科学版），2011（05）.
第一题 交际问答
根据所听到的句子，说出相应的答语。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）1.Could you please lend me your ruler?
2.What subject do you like better, physics or chemistry? 3.How many people are there in your family? 4.Your backpack looks so cool!
5.What do you usually do on weekends? 第二题 朗读短文（共5分
The Chinese national flag is known all over the world, but its story is not very well known.In 1949, a competition was held to find a new flag for China.People were invited to send their ideas to the newspapers.Many people took part.More than 3,000 ideas were invented.These ideas were looked at many times by a group of important people.In the end, only thirty-eight were chosen.Zeng Liansong’s flag was one of the best thirty eight.On his flag, he put the four small stars on one side of the large star.When it was shown to Mao Zedong, he liked it very much.That is how the red flag with five yellow stars became the flag of the People’s Republic of China.第三题 话题表达
Where would you like to visit?Why说出至少两条理由 第四题 对话理解听对话和问题，选择正确答案。对话和问题读两遍。你将有10秒钟的时间完成有关小题和阅读下一小题。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）6.A.B.C.7.A.B.C.8.A.Collecting coins.9.A.5:00
10.A.On the table.第五题 短文理解
B.Collecting stamps.C.Playing soccer.B.5:15
C.5:50
B.In the bag.C.In the drawer.听短文，根据你所听到的短文内容完成下列任务。（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
A.听第一遍录音, 完成11-15小题。
请按照听到的顺序将下列句子正确排序, 并将其字母代号填写在相应的横线上。你将有15秒钟的时间阅读下面的内容。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
A.You should choose a friend.B.Remember that friendship is the most important thing in your life.C.How do you find real friendship and keep it?
D.You should make each other happy and share your lives.E.But things cannot always be happy.11.________ 12.________ 13._________ 14._________ 15.__________
B.再听两遍录音, 根据短文内容选择正确答案。你将有15秒钟的时间阅读下面的内容,短文将再读两遍。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
16.“Friends are God’s way of taking care of us.” is an old _______.A.book
B.friendship
C.saying
17.A good friend should _______.A.have much money
B.have good looks
C.be kind and patient
18.To make a friend, you cannot be too ______.A.confident
B.shy
C.helpful
19.What should you do when you have a fight with your friend?
A.Have an honest talk in public.B.Write a letter.C.Do or say nothing.20.There are ______ steps to be good friends again.A.three
B.four
C.five
听力原稿
一、交际问答：根据所听到的句子，说出相应的答语。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
1.Could you please lend me your ruler?
2.What subject do you like better, physics or chemistry? 3.How many people are there in your family? 4.Your backpack looks so cool!
5.What do you usually do on weekends? 第二题 朗读短文（共5分）第三题 话题表达（共5分）
Where would you like to visit?Why说出至少两条理由
四、对话理解。听对话和问题，选择正确答案。对话和问题读两遍。你将有10秒钟的时间完成有关小题和阅读下一小题。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
6.Man: Can I help you, Madam? Woman: I’m looking a sweater for my son.Question: What does the woman want to buy? 7.Woman: Tom, turn down the TV please.Dad is sleeping.Man: OK, I will.Question: Where are the two speakers? 8.Man: Jane, what’s your hobby? Woman: Collecting coins.What about you? Man: I like collecting stamps.Question: What’s the boy’s hobby?
9.Woman: The train is leaving at 5:50.Let’s hurry.Man: Take it easy.There are 50 minutes left.Question: What time is it now? 10.Woman: Have you packed your camera, Jack? Man: No.I remember putting it in the drawer, but I can’t find it now.Question: Where does Jack remember putting his camera?
五、短文理解。听短文，根据你所听到的短文内容完成下列任务。（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
A.听第一遍录音, 完成11-15小题。
请按照听到的顺序将下列句子正确排序, 并将其字母代号填写在相应的横线上。你将有15秒钟的时间阅读下面的内容。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
Everyone needs friends.There is an old saying, “Friends are God’s way of taking care of us.” But how do you find real friendship and keep it?
The American writer Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways to find friends.Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree.You plant the seed and take care of it to make it grow.First, you should choose a friend.What makes a good friend? It is not because a person has money or good looks.A good friend should be kind and patient.For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should listen to your complaints and do his or her best to help.To make a friend, you cannot be too shy.You should make each other happy and share your lives.But things cannot always be happy.Even the best friends have fights.What should you do when you have a fight with your friend? You have to talk to him or her.When there is no one around, have an honest talk.If he or she doesn’t want to talk, you could write a letter.There are three steps to be good friends again: Tell him or her how you are feeling.Say what your friend has done wrong and explain why you did this or that.Remember that friendship is the most important thing in your life.再听两遍录音,根据短文内容选择最佳答案。你将有15秒钟的时间阅读下面的内容,短文将再读两遍。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
Everyone needs friends.There is an old saying, “Friends are God’s way of taking care of us.” But how do you find real friendship and keep it?
The American writer Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways to find friends.Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree.You plant the seed and take care of it to make it grow.First, you should choose a friend.What makes a good friend? It is not because a person has money or good looks.A good friend should be kind and patient.For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should listen to your complaints and do his or her best to help.To make a friend, you cannot be too shy.You should make each other happy and share your lives.But things cannot always be happy.Even the best friends have fights.What should you do when you have a fight with your friend? You have to talk to him or her.When there is no one around, have an honest talk.If he or she doesn’t want to talk, you could write a letter.There are three steps to be good friends again: Tell him or her how you are feeling.Say what your friend has done wrong and explain why you did this or that.Remember that friendship is the most important thing in your life.参考答案
一、交际问答：
1.Yes, I can./ Sorry, my ruler is at home.2.Physics./ Chemistry.3.There are three/four/five people in my family.4.Thanks a lot.5.I usually play basketball on weekends./ I usually play the piano on weekends.三 话题表达
Where would you like to visit during the coming summer vacation?Why说出至少两条理由
During the coming summer vacation,I would like to visit Beijing.First,Beijing is the capital of our country.Second,there are many places of interest in Beijing,for example,the Great Wall,the Palace Museum and so on.They are all very beautiful.All the Chinese people look forward to visiting it.四、对话理解。
答案：6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C
五、短文理解。
答案：11-15 CADEB
Ⅰ.单项选择（15分）
选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
()1.My friend Jack is from ______ European country.We all think he is ______ honest boy.A.a;aB.a;anC.an;anD.an;a
()2.Some of her best-loved photos are ______ display in this exhibition.A.onB.inC.atD.about
()3.— What music do you like?
— I like music that I can sing alongor dance.A.to;withB.with;withC.to;toD.with;to
()4.“Help ______ to some fish,” Mrs Smith said to the children.A.youB.yourselfC.yourselvesD.yours
()5.— Which do you prefer, orange juice or cola?
— ______, thanks.I’d like just a cup of tea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None
()6.—What time is it?
—It’s 7:25.Let’s be quick, or we will ______ the first bus.A.causeB.missC.loseD.catch
()7.—Smoking and drunkenness(酗酒)are both bad for people’s health.—Yes.So we should ______ cigarettes and alcohol.A.shut downB.get on withC.stay away fromD.put away
()8.—Where did you go that day?
—I went to a city ______ Jinan.It is very beautiful.A.calledB.callingC.to callD.call
()9.What ______ me most is its ______ sights.A.interested;interestedB.interested;interesting
C.interesting;interestingD.interesting;interested
()10.He is expecting me _________tomorrow.A.to comingB.comeC.comingD.to come
()11.He has a friend who _______ the piano very well.A.playB.playingC.playsD.played
()12.—to.— Then, let’s ask her to take part in our dancing club.A.dancing;singingB.singing;danceC.singing;dancingD.to sing;dance
()13.Do you know the man ______ is sitting behind Nancy?
A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whose
()14.Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whom
()15.My grandfather often tells meI do in the future, I should try my best to do it well.A.howeverB.whateverC.wheneverD.wherever
Ⅱ.完形填空（10分）
阅读下列短文，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Would you like to take ajob which pays just one euro(欧元)?
These days are out of work(失业)in Germany are asked to do the “one-euro” jobs.That is to say, they can get paid17 , only one euro an hour or about 200 euros a18 they have finished their jobs.19 do the jobs include? They mainly include some20 service work, such as reading for old people,21 streets and planting trees.The workers are22 to sit through three or four weeks of training before they do the jobs.According to a German report, the one-euro jobs are voluntary(自愿的), and many lazy jobless people aren’t willing to(不乐意)take the jobs.“It’s a serious problem that many people in Germany23 jobs, especially the youth.That’s why we24 those people, especially the younger people, to take the “one-euro” jobs.If they25 to do the jobs, they cannot get any other help,” said an official.()16.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose
()17.A.betterB.moreC.lessD.fewer
()18.A.beforeB.afterC.unlessD.since
()19.A.howB.whatC.whoD.that
()20.A.importantB.homeC.difficultD.public
()21.A.crossingB.passingC.sweepingD.destroying
()22.A.usedB.askedC.offeredD.agreed
()23.A.lostB.gotC.tookD.finished
()24.A.teachB.hopeC.expectD.develop
()25.A.refuseB.helpC.decideD.try
Ⅲ.阅读理解（40分）
A
Spanish ballet(西班牙芭蕾舞)
The Spanish National Ballet will tour our country and their classical repertoires(剧目)will be shown in Beijing.Time: 7:30 pm, May 20~21
Place: Chaoyang Theater, 36 Dongsanhuan Beihu, Chaoyang
District
Tel: 6506-8116
Opera classic(经典作品)
A new production of Kunqu Opera(a traditional Chinese opera in East China’s Jiangsu Province), is now on in Beijing.Time: 8:00 pm, May 23
Place: Tianqiao Theater, 30 Beiweilu, Xuanwu District
Tel: 8315-6300
Wonderful concert
Musicians of the Chinese National Symphony Orchestra(交响乐团)will hold a concert in Beijing.We can enjoy Mozart’s Flute Concerto(协奏曲), Haydn’s Trumpet Concerto and works by the Chinese composer(作曲家)Chen Qigang.Time: 7:30 pm, May 25
Place: Poly Theater, 14 Dongzhimen Nandajie, Dongcheng District
Tel: 6500-1188
根据材料内容，选择最佳选项。
()26.If Chen Huan is free only on the evening of May 21, he can enjoy ______.A.opera classicB.Spanish ballet C.Haydn’s Trumpet Concerto D.Mozart’s Flute Concerto
()27.Mr Johnson likes Spanish ballet very much, so he can go to ______ to see it.A.Tianqiao TheaterB.National TheaterC.Chaoyang TheaterD.Poly Theater
()28.Jane wants to buy a ticket to enjoy a traditional Chinese opera, so she should call ______.A.8315-8116B.6506-8116C.6500-1188D.8315-6300
()29.The wonderful concert is held in Poly Theater at _________
A.30 Beiweilu, Xuanwu District B.36 Dongsanhuan Beilu, Chaoyang District
C.14 Dongsanhuan Beilu, Dongcheng DistrictD.14 Dongzhimen Nandajie, Dongcheng District
()30.You can enjoy all the entertainment in the city of ______.A.ShanghaiB.TianjinC.BeijingD.Nanjing
B
Dear Mr.Know,My 13-year-old son was in an accident several days ago.His doctors say he has no chance of seeing again.I have no experience with the blind(盲的).I want to know how he may behave in the future.I want to know everything I can to help him.Please help!
Mary
Dear Mary,My son, Trey, who is nine years old, also lost his vision(视力)suddenly.I think one of the most important things for you to do is to find other blind kids of your son’s age in your area.He will need someone to talk to that understands his situation and can give him some advice.Sometimes, other kids treat your son differently, and it takes time, experience, and patience to learn the best ways of dealing with this.But if your son had another successful, blind teenager to talk to, that person could tell him how they dealt with the same situations.Also, often talk to the doctor so that they can show your son how to get around safely.Learning to use assistant technology(辅助技术)and Braille(盲人用的点字法)are also extremely important.Where I live, we have a place called Envision that offers these services.Check around for something similar in your area.I hope I have been of some help.Jack
()31.How old is Mary’s son?
A.9.B.10.C.12.D.13.()32.Mary is worried about ________.A.why her son will be blindB.how to help her son
C.that her son won’t be allowed to go to schoolD.how to help the blind in her neighborhood
()33.Jack is _______.A.a doctorB.a blindC.Mary’s sonD.Trey’s father
()34.How many pieces of advice does Jack give to Mary?
A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.()35.If you go to Envision, you can ______.A.look for blind friendsB.find many blind children
C.learn to use assistant technology and BrailleD.get the advice from the doctors
C
She is a beautiful actress.Her name is Lin Yichen and her English name is Ariel Lin, She was born
in Taiwan on October 29, 1982.She is 160cm tall.And her favorite colors are black and white.As an actress, Ariel Lin is very successful.At the age of 27, she won the Best Female(女性的)Lead Actor award(奖)at the Taiwan Golden Bell Awards.Now Lin takes on a new challenge — she becomes a singer.In 2009, Lin came to Beijing to promote(宣传)her first album called Meeting with Happiness.It came out in July.For her first album, Lin was in a recording studio(录音棚)for a month.She worked seven to eight hours a day.That was really a hard time.“I had to eat a lot so that I could keep going,” said Lin.Lin hopes she will sing better and better as time goes on.“People say singers should sing with both emotion(感情)and skills,” she said.“It’s an amazing thing to express yourself just with your voice and it’s also wonderful when you make it,” she added.With her strong will(意志), she must become better and better in the future.Good luck to this young girl!
根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。
()36.What does the underlined word “strong” mean in Chinese?
A.开放的B.保守的C.薄弱的D.坚强的()37.When did Ariel Lin win the Best Female Lead Actor award at the Taiwan Golden Bell Awards?
A.In 2010.B.In 2009.C.In 2007.D.In 1982.()38.How long was Ariel Lin in the recording studio for her first album?
A.For seven hours.B.For eight hours.C.For eight days.D.For around 30 days.()39.Which is NOT true about Ariel Lin?
A.She likes red best.B.She was born in Taiwan.C.She is not only an actress.D.She is medium height.()40.What can we learn about Ariel Lin from this passage?
A.She is a great musician.B.She prefers singing to acting.C.She is a hard-working girl.D.She comes from a rich family.Ⅳ.任务型阅读（10分）
It seems that today more and more girls like to dress like boys.Maybe they are following the example of Li Yuchun, the winner of the Super Girls contest in 2005.Kitty Deng is a 13-year-old from Shanxi.She has a boyish style.“I am like a boy and I am comfortable being this way,” says Kitty.“I think everybody should have a style according to his or her personality.”
Liu Bing, from Liaoning, is also a tomboy(假小子).“I don’t wear skirts because I don’t look pretty in skirts,” says the 13-year-old kid.“I get my hair cut short because long hair makes me feel very hot in summer,” she says.In fact, Liu has another reason.The style makes it easier to play together with boys.Why not play with girls? “Because some girls are just mean(小气的), ” she answers.Wei Yan, 14, lives in Shanghai.She dresses like a boy, too.In her class, not many girls dress like boys.But many girls think that being a boy is easier.“Boys have more chances than we do,” says Wei Yan.“For example, at our school only boys can be flag escorts(护旗手).Why can’t girls have a try?”
根据短文内容，完成下列任务。
任务一：写出文中划线单词boyish的汉语意思。
41._____________________________________________________________
任务二：将文中划线句子翻译为汉语。
42._____________________________________________________________
任务三：根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
43.Why does Liu Bing get her hair cut short?
44.What kind of girls are Kitty Deng, Liu Bing and Wei Yan?
45.What does the passage mainly talk about?
Ⅴ.短文填空（10分）
根据短文内容，从方框内选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、连贯。
although, around, different, favorite, influence, loud, million, popular, show, such
Rock music began in the United States in the 1950s.It first became(46)________ in small clubs and on the radio.Later, with the introduction of rock music programs, people could watch their(47)________ bands on TV.Rock music has(48)________ many music styles since it was born.And it has been influenced by
(49)________ cultures and musical traditions, too.(50)________ changes in rock music have often taken place in regional centers,(51)________ as New York City, Kingston and Liverpool, the influence of rock music is now felt(52)________ the world.Some people may not like rock music for its(53)________, fast beats or naughty(粗俗的)lyrics.But(54)________ of rock music lovers all over the world are crazy about it because they think this kind of music can(55)________ their feelings completely.根据词的形式填空（10分）
1.He is considering _____(buy)a computer for his son.2.Be sure ______(not miss)the exhibition.3.Yao Ming is one of the best _______(know)Chinese basketball players in the world today.4.It is useful _______(memory)the words of pop songs.5.You can’t believe him, because he is ______(honest).Ⅵ.书面表达（15分）
下列表格是某记者对李茜的采访记录，请写一篇英语短文，叙述其内容。
要求：
1.短文流畅、连贯。
2.80词左右。
An interview with Li Xi
Favorite WhatWhy
Band S.H.E energetic, good singers
Book Harry Potter interesting, magic power(魔力)
Movie Titanic sad, moving(让人感动的)
City Zhuhai clean, quiet,go fishing there
Key：
1-5 BADCB6-10 BCABD11-15 CACBB
16-20 CCBBD21-25 CBACA
26-30 BCDDC31-35 DBDDC36-40 DBDAC
41.像男孩的42.魏燕说“男孩子比我们女孩子有更多的机会。”
43.Because long hair makes her feel very hot in summer and wearing short hair makes it easier for her to play together with boys.44.They’re all tomboys(boyish girls)./ They are all girls who dress like boys.45.More and more girls like to dress like boys.46.popular47.favorite48.influenced49.different50.Although
51.such52.around53.loud54.millions55.show
One possible version:
准备好了么?
一、顺序乱了，你来排排!
Howmany?()What‘syourname?
()I’mfine.()Howmanyboys?
()It‘sred.()I’mapanda.
()Howareyou?()MynameisDaming.
()nine()three
二、谁填得准确呢?
1、_____，I‘mAmy.A.HelloB.yellow
2、Howareyou?______.A.GoodbyeB.I’mfine.
3、_______?Myname‘sPanpan.A.What’syourname?B.Bye.
4、________!Bye!A.Goodbye!B.Hello!
5、I‘m____boy.A.anB.a
三、看看谁的脑筋快!
nine-eight=()six-four=()ten-seven=()
three+two=()one+five=()seven+two=()
四、看谁涂得漂亮
五、帮助图片找单词
dogs
bird
girls
girl
boy
六、根据所给情景选择正确语句，看谁做的最认真!
1、与人问好时A.Goodafternoon
2、询问别人的名字时B.Howmanygirls?
3、你想知道“有多少个女孩?”时C.What’syourname?
4、下午遇见好朋友怎样打招呼D.Hello.
关键词：词汇测试,产出性词汇知识,词汇测试形式
引言
词汇是语言的基础, 词汇量的大小和能否灵活运用是判断学习者是否学好语言的重要手段。当前, 我国英语词汇测试存在一个普遍问题:重词汇的输入和理解, 即词汇习得的广度, 忽视词汇习得的深度, 即词汇的产出。词汇测试的题型多为四选一的单项选择, 主要考查学生的语言知识和词汇的辨识能力, 词汇的深度知识 (学生对词汇理解和应用) 测试往往被忽略, 得不到足够的重视。所以, 对词汇量关注的同时, 我们要意识到词汇学习不仅仅是量的增加, 更重要的是词汇掌握的质量, 即产出性词汇深度知识的发展。产出性词汇能力主要体现在学生的说、写活动中。学习者在长期学习过程中积累了一定的词汇量, 但在理解言语和表达思想时, 往往想不起来, 常常不能有效地调动已积累的词汇, 或虽然想起却使用不当, 词不达意。但目前在说和写的测试中, 往往多采用听写或评价者综合给分的形式, 听写也只是考查学生其辨识、拼写单词的能力, 属接受性词汇知识, 而综合给分形式, 主观性较大, 缺乏一定的客观标准。因此, 有必要对原有的词汇测试题型作一些改变, 增加一些测试形式。一.接受性词汇与产出性词汇的关系
一个人的词汇知识可分为接受性和产出性词汇知识, 这是Nation在1990首次提出的词汇知识的二分法, 前者指学习者在语境中能够认识、理解, 但是不能够正确使用的词汇。后者指的是学习者能够正确发音, 理解并能够在口头和笔头等表达性活动中能够正确使用的词汇。词汇的被习得表现在两个方面:一是其意义被认知和理解 (不是猜出) , 二是可自然而适合情景使用, 语音、语法正确。这也表现在理解和表达两方面。对于接受性词汇, 学习者只需了解该词的读音、辨识其拼写形式和最常见意义即可, 而产出性词汇则要求学习者对该词有全面理解且在使用时能达到自动化程度。接受性词汇和产出性词汇习得是两种不同的心理过程, 是内部词库的不同使用, 通过两种不同的加工方式进行:一种是自动的激活扩散加工, 另一种是有意识的注意加工。接受/产出性词汇的区别取决于学习者词汇知识认知程度。这些阶段可以被描述为:
A.从未遇到过这个词。
B.听到这个词, 但无法定义它。
C.由于上下文或语音语调认识的词。
D.能够使用和理解词的一般意义, 但不能清楚地解释它。
E.流利或熟练地使用该词。
因此, 一般来说, 一个人的接受性词汇往往大于产出性词汇。即一般接受性使用优于产生性使用, 学习者能识别的词汇远高于能产出和表达的词汇。即, 在第二语言习得的过程中, 学习者的产出性词汇量往往少于接受性词汇量, Nation (1990) 认为掌握一个词意味着了解它的形式 (口头、书面) 、位置 (语法句型、搭配) 、功能 (频率、得体性) 和意义 (概念、联想) 。综上所述, 产出性词汇知识可归纳为:能掌握词的正确发音和拼写;了解词的形态变化和句法特征;知道该词与其他词之间的关系及搭配;了解该词在不同语境中的不同意义, 能在口笔语中运用自如。所以, 产出性词汇的习得是每一个语言学习者词汇学习的终极目标, 第二语言词汇教学的目的是增加学习者的可用词汇量, 即二语学习者可以随意自由地使用和产出词汇, 词汇的测试也应以此为目标, 即测试学习者的产出性词汇知识。
二.改进词汇测试形式, 增强产出意识
1. 改革填空形式
测试一般分为识别测试和回忆测试两种形式, 识别测试形式多为选择题和判断正误等, 回忆测试则要求更高, 多采用填空、简短回答和翻译等。我国传统测试所采用的形式大部分是识别测试, 主要体现在CET4和CET6考试的词汇测试中, 这种测试形式造成学习者只停留在对词汇音、形、义等接受性词汇的识别层面上, 忽略了对产出性知识的运用和掌握, 妨碍了产出性词汇的增长和提高。因此, 有必要改进词汇测试形式, 巩固学习者习得的词汇知识并促进其内化, 帮助学生更深层的处理词汇, 强化记忆, 提高产出性词汇的量与质。例如:
(1) Because of his____view of the world, Einstein established the theory of relativity.
A.distinct B.distinctive C.indistinct D.indistinctive
(2) Because of his dis____view of the world, Einstein established the theory of relativity.
(3) Because of his____view of the world, Einstein established the theory of relativity.
这三种题型难易程度不同, 做题 (1) 时, 学习者只需辨认词形提取词义即可, distinctive一词处于被动识别状态。题 (2) 要求学习者在提取词义的同时还要能根据所给字母提示以及上下文语境写出正确的词形。如果答对, 表明distinctive在学习者的心理词库中具有了一定的产出水平, 题 (3) 无字母提示。如果答对, 表明学习者对distinctive一词完全理解, 其主动产出性要大于前两项的水平。因此, 题 (2) 和题 (3) 题型更有利于对不同水平学习者的产出性词汇进行测试, 在此基础上, 学习者从记忆中检索已学词项并在适当上下文中使用它们, 写出词的适当形式, 尤其是名词的数、动词的人称、时态、语态, 是测试学习者产出性词汇能力的又一要求, 而单纯的选择填空题型则无法做到这一点。如;
(1) If the sun gl_____, it shines with a very bright light which is difficult to look at.
(2) If the sun_____, it shines with a very bright light which is difficult to look at.
以上的题既要求学习者写出单词的正确形式, 还要求其注意单词在语境中变化, 尤其是名词的数、动词的人称、时态、语态等适当形式。
2. 单词语境和释义测试
利用单词语境和释义测试是一种通过外部刺激激活学习者内部接受性词汇的有利测试方法, 它有助于强化已有的接受性词汇与产出性词汇之间的内在联系, 促进学生对词汇的深加工处理。如,
An a_____is a person or company that represents another person or company, especially in business. (agent)
To f_____means to make a sudden small movement because of pain or fear. (flinch)
We arrived in Shanghai in the morning and de_______in the evening for the next stop. (departed)
3. 改写/转述测试
改写/转述是一种集输入与输出于一体的活动, 要求学生即要利用已有的语言知识, 又要采用新的语言知识来保障输出任务的完成。这比单纯的单词听写和选择填空更能测试出学习者的产出性词汇知识。例如:
(1) You can tell the difference between A and Bby…
You can distinguish A and B by…
(2) Somebody opened the door and the candle blew out.
Somebody opened the door and the candle became extinguished.
结语
总之, 产出性词汇测试能够快捷、客观地检测学生是否掌握了相应的可用词汇。本文讨论的词汇产出测试只涉及了对学生书面输出能力的测试, 至于在检测学习者产出性词汇其他方面还需要做进一步深入的研究和探讨。当前, 外语教学越来越重视学习者产出性词汇能力的培养, 教师应充分认识到产出性词汇在二语习得中的重要性, 词汇测试应采用多种手段, 灵活巧妙地促进学习者从接受性动词汇向产出性词汇的有效转化。测试在教学中起着关键作用, 学习者产出意识的增强, 产出性词汇量的增长以及词汇能力的提高都期待词汇测试形式做相应的改变。
参考文献
[1]Nation, I.S.P.Teaching and Learning Vocabulary[M].New York:Newbury House, 1990.
[2]井升华.我国大学英语教学费时低效的原因[J].外语教学与研究, 1999. (1) .
[3]崔艳嫣、王同顺, 接受性词汇量、产出性词汇量与词汇深度知识的发展路径及其相关性研究[J].现代外语, 2006 (4)
[4]陈关伟, 英语词汇习得研究及其对教学的启示[J].西安外国语学院学报2003 (1)
1. —________are my English books？
—They’re on the desk.
A. What B. Which C. Where D. When
2. She is a student and________ name is Kate.
A. she B. her C. hers D. his
3. —What’s that________ the bed？
—It’s a soccer ball.
A. of B. for C. under D. at
4. —Thank you very much.
—________.
A. That’s nice of you B. Nice to meet you
C. Yes， all right D. You are welcome
5. —Is he Jack Brown？
—________.
A. Yes， he is B. Yes， he’s
C. Yes， it is D. No， it isn’t
6. Your apples are here，________.
A. in this drawer B. at this
C. in these drawer D. in this drawers
7. Can I________ your ID card？
A. have a look B. have a look at
C. have look D. have look at
8. Mr Brown is Tom’s father. Tom is his________.
A. sister B. daughter C. brother D. son
9. —What are these？
—________.
A. It’s a notebook B. It’s an egg
C. They’re bananas D. They’re ice cream
10. —What do you have for lunch？
—________.
A. Chicken and vegetable B. Chicken and vegetables
C. Chickens and vegetableD. Chickens and vegetables
11. —How much________ the salad？
—$3.
A. is B. are C. can D. want
12. —Hello！ Are you his mother？
—________.
A. Yes， he is B. Yes， he’s
C. Yes， I am D. No， I am
13. —________
—It doesn’t matter.
A. Sorry. I’m late. B. How do you do？
C. What are you？ D. Where is she？
14. —Hi， I am Pingping.
—Hi，________.
A. This is Jack B. That’s Jack
C. I’m Jack D. You are Jack
15. There________ two erasers on the desk.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
16. —Let’s play soccer.
—That________ good.
A. sound B. listen C. sounds D. listens
17. Your oranges are here________.
A. in this box B. in this boxes
C. on these box D. on that boxes
18. —Is this your ruler？
—Yes，________.
—Here you are.
—________.
A. this is； Thank you B. it’s； Thanks
C. it is； Thanks D. it is； Thanks you
19. I have a good friend.________ name is Gina.
A. Her B. His C. She D. It
20. —Is this________ bird？
—No， it’s________ egg.
A. a； a B. an； an C. a； an D. an； a
Ⅱ. 完形填空（10分）
Hi， my name is Cindy. I 1 a student at No. 7 Middle School. I like 2 sports. I like 3 tennis and soccer.
I have a new tennis racket. 4 is on the table. And I have five 5. They are 6 the bed. I think playing sports is very 7， so I like it. I
8 like eating fruits， especially（尤其） 9. I don’t like meat very much. But mom tells me to eat 10 food——not just fruits and vegetables！
1. A. am B. is C. are D. do
2. A. play B. plays C. playing D. to playing
3. A. a B. an C. the D. ×
4. A. They B. It C. Its D. Their
5. A. basketball B. volleyball C. soccer D. soccer balls
6. A. under B. to C. at D. over
7. A. interesting B. difficult C. boring D. hard
8. A. too B. also C. either D. yet
9. A. carrots B. bananas C. orange D. ice cream
10. A. bad B. relaxing C. healthy D. unhealthy
Ⅲ. 阅读理解（30分）
（A）
My name is Gina. I’m a student. I’m twelve. My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher， too. Tom is my brother. We are all here today. The man wearing（穿着） a black coat is my father and the woman wearing a red shirt is my mother. The boy under the tree is Tom. We are a happy family.
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D中选择正确答案。
1. Gina is a________.
A. student B. teacher C. boy D. doctor
2. Gina is________.
A. ten B. eleven C. thirteen D. twelve
3. Gina’s father is wearing a________.
A. black coat B. red shirt
C. blue shirt D. yellow hat
4. Gina’s mother is a________.
A. student B. sister C. teacher D. worker
5. Tom is Gina’s________.
A. brother B. sister C. friend D. classmate
（B）
M： What are you going to do after school， Ellen？
W： I don’t know， Jack.
M： Would you like to play basketball with me？
W： Sorry， I don’t like basketball.
M： What’s your favorite sport？
W： Tennis.
M： I like tennis， but I’m not good at it.
W： It’s easy. Let’s go to the playground after school. I can help you.
M： That’s very nice of you.
根据对话内容，判断下面句子的正（T）或误（F）。
6. Ellen likes basketball.
7. Ellen’s favorite sport is tennis.
8. Jack is not good at tennis.
9. Ellen would like to help Jack tomorrow.
10. They are going to play tennis after school.
根据上面表格的内容，从A、B、C、D中选出正确的答案。
11. Jim has________.
A. a soccer B. a volleyball
C. a tennis racket D. a baseball bat
12.________ has a soccer.
A. Mike and Jeff B. Jim
C. Jeff D. Mike， Jim and Jeff
13.________ has a tennis racket.
A. Mike B. Jim
C. Jeff D. Mike， Jim and Jeff
14.________ doesn’t have a volleyball.
A. MikeB. Jim
C. Jeff and Jim D. Mike， Jim and Jeff
15.________ doesn’t have a baseball bat.
A. Mike B. Jim
C. Jeff D. All of them
Ⅳ. 词汇（10分）
A） 英汉互译（5分）
1. a computer game 6. 每天
2. on the table 7. 打排球
3. an alarm clock 8. 一本有趣的书
4. French fries 9. 在地板上
5. play soccer10. 一张我家的全家福照片
B） 根据括号内所给的汉语提示填空，完成英语句子。（2.5分）
1. The ruler is________（白色的）.
2. Is this your________（手表）？
3. My mother and my father are my________（父母亲）.
4. Do you like________（足球）？
5. My uncle is a________（老师）.
C） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。（2.5分）
1. Are these your________（box）？
2. This is________（he） book.
3. I’m a boy.________（I） mother likes me very much.
4. Tom and Peter________（be）brothers.
5. They’re________（computer）.
Ⅴ. 情景对话（5分）用特殊疑问词填空，完成对话。
1. —________are his tennis rackets？
—On the chair.
2. —________is that in English？
—Sorry， I don’t know.
3. —________is Tom’s phone number？
—3501588.
4. —________is your key？
—It’s in the drawer.
5. —________is her grandfather’s name？
—John.
6. —________do you spell “pants”？
—P-A-N-T-S.
7. —________is this？
—It’s a ball.
8. —________are those？
—They’re rulers.
9. —________do you usually have for breakfast？
—Eggs.
10. —________are you？
—Fine， thank you.
Ⅵ. 句型转换（10分）按括号内的要求改写下列句子，每空限填一词。
1. My phone number is 2974823. （对画线部分提问）
________________your phone number？
2. This baseball is $10. （对画线部分提问）
________ ________is this baseball？
3. My shoes are under the chair. （对画线部分提问）
________ ________your shoes？
4. Her name is Linda. （对画线部分提问）
________ ________her name？
5. —Is Guo Feng your brother？ （作否定回答）
—No，________ ________.
6. —Do you have a basketball？ （作肯定回答）
—Yes，________ ________.
7. My grandmother likes strawberries. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答）
—________your grandmother________ strawberries？
—Yes，______ __________.
8. My pen is red. （对画线部分提问）
________ ________is your pen？
9. Lucy’s quilt is yellow. （改为否定句）
Lucy’s_________ _______ yellow.
10. The policeman is Jack’s uncle. （对画线部分提问）
________ ________the policeman？
Ⅶ. 连词成句（5分）根据下面横线后的标点符号，连词成句。
1. much， are， pants， black， these， how
________________________________________________________________________？
2. is， the， where， book
________________________________________________________________________？
3. TV， on， my， is， the， desk， set
________________________________________________________________________.
4. family， of， the， for， thanks， photo， your
________________________________________________________________________.
5. do， Jim， his， does， homework， in， evening， the
________________________________________________________________________？
Ⅷ. 汉译英（5分）根据汉语意思，完成英语句子，每空限填一词。
1. 他有网球拍吗？
________he________ a tennis racket？
2. 下周咱们去野餐吧！
________ ________on a picnic next week.
3. 详情请致电10010咨询中国联通。
Please________ China Unicom________ 10010 for more information.
4. 我不认识那个戴眼镜的男生。
I don’t________ the boy________ glasses.
5. 谢谢你来参加我们的会议.
Thanks_________ _______ to our meeting.
Ⅸ. 两栏匹配（10分）从B栏中找出能回答A栏问题的答语。
AB
1. What’s your phone number？ A. They’re in the dresser.
2. What’s this in English？ B. No， they aren’t.
3. Where are my keys？ C. No， he doesn’t.
4. Is this your backpack？ D. They’re two dollars.
5. Are those his English books？ E. Sorry， I don’t know.
6. Do you like football？F. Yes， it is.
7. Does he like ice cream？G. Yes， please. I want an eraser.
8. How much are the carrots？H. 6538918.
9. How do you spell “which”？I. Yes， I do.
10. Can I help you？ J. W-H-I-C-H.
Ⅹ. 看图填空（5分）根据图片回答问题。
（1）（2）（3） （4）________（5）
Cindy SmithauntparentsAnn’s unclecousin
1. —Is this Cindy Smith？
—Yes，________.
2. —Is she your mother， Cindy？
—No，________. She is my aunt.
3. —Are they your parents？
—Yes，________.
4. —Is the man Ann’s father？
—No， he isn’t. He is________.
5. —Is the boy in the picture your brother， Anna？
—________， he’s my________.
Ⅺ. 书面表达（10分）
根据下表中的信息，写一篇有关你好友的短文。
要求： 60个词左右
Key：
Ⅰ. 1-5 CBCDA6-10 ABDCB11-15 ACACB16-20 CACAC
Ⅱ. 1-5 ACDBD6-10 AABBC
Ⅲ. 1-5 ADACA6-10 FTTFT11-15 BCCAB
Ⅳ. A） 1. 电子游戏2. 在桌子上3. 一个闹钟4. 薯条5. 踢足球
6. every day7. play volleyball8. an interesting book
9. on the floor10. a photo of my family
B） 1. white2. watch3. parents4. football5. teacher
C） 1. boxes2. his3. My4. are5. computers
Ⅴ. 1. Where2. What3. What4. Where5. What6. How7. What
8. What9. What10. How
Ⅵ. 1. What， is2. How， much3. Where， are4. What， is
5. he， isn’t6. I， do7. Does， like； she， does8. What， color
9. quilt， isn’t10. Who， is
Ⅶ. 1. How much are these black pants？
2. Where is the book？
3. My TV set is on the desk. /The TV set is on my desk.
4. Thanks for the photo of your family.
5. Does Jim do his homework in the evening？
Ⅷ. 1. Does， have2. Let’s， go3. call， at4. know， with
5. for， coming
Ⅸ. 1. H2. E3. A4. F5. B6. I7. C8. D9. J10. G
Ⅹ. 1. she is2. she isn’t3. they are4. Ann’s uncle5. No； cousin
Ⅺ. One possible version：
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