米歇尔演讲翻译

米歇尔演讲翻译

米歇尔演讲翻译 篇1

Thank you so much, Elaine…we are so grateful for your family’s service and sacrifice…and we will always have your back.Over the past few years as First Lady, I have had the extraordinary privilege of traveling all across this country.And everywhere I’ve gone, in the people I’ve met, and the stories I’ve heard, I have seen the very best of the American spirit.I have seen it in the incredible kindness and warmth that people have shown me and my family, especially our girls.I’ve seen it in teachers in a near-bankrupt school district who vowed to keep teaching without pay.I’ve seen it in people who become heroes at a moment’s notice, diving into harm’s way to save others…flying across the country to put out a fire…driving for hours to bail out a flooded town.And I’ve seen it in our men and women in uniform and our proud military families…in wounded warriors who tell me they’re not just going to walk again, they’re going to run, and they’re going to run marathons…in the young man blinded by a bomb in Afghanistan who said, simply, “…I’d give my eyes 100 times again to have the chance to do what I have done and what I can still do.”

Every day, the people I meet inspire me…every day, they make me proud…every day they remind me how blessed we are to live in the greatest nation on earth.Serving as your First Lady is an honor and a privilege…but back when we first came together four years ago, I still had some concerns about this journey we’d begun.While I believed deeply in my husband’s vision for this country…and I was certain he would make an extraordinary President…like any mother, I was worried about what it would mean for our girls if he got that chance.How would we keep them grounded under the glare of the national spotlight? How would they feel being uprooted from their school, their friends, and the only home they’d ever known?

Our life before moving to Washington was filled with simple joys…Saturdays at soccer games, Sundays at grandma’s house…and a date night for Barack and me was either dinner or a movie, because as an exhausted mom, I couldn’t stay awake for both.And the truth is, I loved the life we had built for our girls…I deeply loved the man I had built that life with…and I didn’t want that to change if he became President.I loved Barack just the way he was.You see, even though back then Barack was Senator and a presidential candidate…to me, he was still the guy who’d picked me up for our dates in a car that was so rusted out, I could actually see the pavement going by through a hole in the passenger side door…he was the guy whose proudest possession was a coffee table he’d found in a dumpster, and whose only pair of decent shoes was half a size too small.But when Barack started telling me about his family that’s when I knew I had found a kindred spirit, someone whose values and upbringing were so much like mine.You see, Barack and I were both raised by families who didn’t have much in the way of money or material possessions but who had given us something far more valuable their unconditional love, their unflinching sacrifice, and the chance to go places they had never imagined for themselves.My father was a pump operator at the city water plant, and he was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis when my brother and I were young.And even as a kid, I knew there were plenty of days when he was in pain…I knew there were plenty of mornings when it was a struggle for him to simply get out of bed.But every morning, I watched my father wake up with a smile, grab his walker, prop himself up against the bathroom sink, and slowly shave and button his uniform.And when he returned home after a long day’s work, my brother and I would stand at the top of the stairs to our little apartment, patiently waiting to greet him…watching as he reached down to lift one leg, and then the other, to slowly climb his way into our arms.But despite these challenges, my dad hardly ever missed a day of work…he and my mom were determined to give me and my brother the kind of education they could only dream of.And when my brother and I finally made it to college, nearly all of our tuition came from student loans and grants.But my dad still had to pay a tiny portion of that tuition himself.And every semester, he was determined to pay that bill right on time, even taking out loans when he fell short.He was so proud to be sending his kids to college…and he made sure we never missed a registration deadline because his check was late.You see, for my dad, that’s what it meant to be a man.Like so many of us, that was the measure of his success in life being able to earn a decent living that allowed him to support his family.And as I got to know Barack, I realized that even though he’d grown up all the way across the country, he’d been brought up just like me.Barack was raised by a single mother who struggled to pay the bills, and by grandparents who stepped in when she needed help.Barack’s grandmother started out as a secretary at a community bank…and she moved quickly up the ranks…but like so many women, she hit a glass ceiling.And for years, men no more qualified than she was men she had actually trained were promoted up the ladder ahead of her, earning more and more money while Barack’s family continued to scrape by.But day after day, she kept on waking up at dawn to catch the bus…arriving at work before anyone else…giving her best without complaint or regret.And she would often tell Barack, “So long as you kids do well, Bar, that’s all that really matters.” Like so many American families, our families weren’t asking for much.They didn’t begrudge anyone else’s success or care that others had much more than they did…in fact, they admired it.They simply believed in that fundamental American promise that, even if you don’t start out with much, if you work hard and do what you’re supposed to do, then you should be able to build a decent life for yourself and an even better life for your kids and grandkids.That’s how they raised us…that’s what we learned from their example.We learned about dignity and decency that how hard you work matters more than how much you make…that helping others means more than just getting ahead yourself.We learned about honesty and integrity that the truth matters…that you don’t take shortcuts or play by your own set of rules…and success doesn’t count unless you earn it fair and square.We learned about gratitude and humility that so many people had a hand in our success, from the teachers who inspired us to the janitors who kept our school clean…and we were taught to value everyone’s contribution and treat everyone with respect.Those are the values Barack and I and so many of you are trying to pass on to our own children.That’s who we are.And standing before you four years ago, I knew that I didn’t want any of that to change if Barack became President.Well, today, after so many struggles and triumphs and moments that have tested my husband in ways I never could have imagined, I have seen firsthand that being president doesn’t change who you are it reveals who you are.You see, I’ve gotten to see up close and personal what being president really looks like.And I’ve seen how the issues that come across a President’s desk are always the hard ones the problems where no amount of data or numbers will get you to the right answer…the judgment calls where the stakes are so high, and there is no margin for error.And as President, you can get all kinds of advice from all kinds of people.But at the end of the day, when it comes time to make that decision, as President, all you have to guide you are your values, and your vision, and the life experiences that make you who you are.So when it comes to rebuilding our economy, Barack is thinking about folks like my dad and like his grandmother.He’s thinking about the pride that comes from a hard day’s work.That’s why he signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act to help women get equal pay for equal work.That’s why he cut taxes for working families and small businesses and fought to get the auto industry back on its feet.That’s how he brought our economy from the brink of collapse to creating jobs again jobs you can raise a family on, good jobs right here in the United States of America.When it comes to the health of our families, Barack refused to listen to all those folks who told him to leave health reform for another day, another president.He didn’t care whether it was the easy thing to do politically that’s not how he was raised he cared that it was the right thing to do.He did it because he believes that here in America, our grandparents should be able to afford their medicine…our kids should be able to see a doctor when they’re sick…and no one in this country should ever go broke because of an accident or illness.And he believes that women are more than capable of making our own choices about our bodies and our health care…that’s what my husband stands for.When it comes to giving our kids the education they deserve, Barack knows that like me and like so many of you, he never could’ve attended college without financial aid.And believe it or not, when we were first married, our combined monthly student loan bills were actually higher than our mortgage.We were so young, so in love, and so in debt.That’s why Barack has fought so hard to increase student aid and keep interest rates down, because he wants every young person to fulfill their promise and be able to attend college without a mountain of debt.So in the end, for Barack, these issues aren’t political they’re personal.Because Barack knows what it means when a family struggles.He knows what it means to want something more for your kids and grandkids.Barack knows the American Dream because he’s lived it…and he wants everyone in this country to have that same opportunity, no matter who we are, or where we’re from, or what we look like, or who we love.And he believes that when you’ve worked hard, and done well, and walked through that doorway of opportunity…you do not slam it shut behind you…you reach back, and you give other folks the same chances that helped you succeed.So when people ask me whether being in the White House has changed my husband, I can honestly say that when it comes to his character, and his convictions, and his heart, Barack Obama is still the same man I fell in love with all those years ago.He’s the same man who started his career by turning down high paying jobs and instead working in struggling neighborhoods where a steel plant had shut down, fighting to rebuild those communities and get folks back to work…because for Barack, success isn’t about how much money you make, it’s about the difference you make in people’s lives.He’s the same man who, when our girls were first born, would anxiously check their cribs every few minutes to ensure they were still breathing, proudly showing them off to everyone we knew.That’s the man who sits down with me and our girls for dinner nearly every night, patiently answering their questions about issues in the news, and strategizing about middle school friendships.That’s the man I see in those quiet moments late at night, hunched over his desk, poring over the letters people have sent him.The letter from the father struggling to pay his bills…from the woman dying of cancer whose insurance company won’t cover her care…from the young person with so much promise but so few opportunities.I see the concern in his eyes…and I hear the determination in his voice as he tells me, “You won’t believe what these folks are going through, Michelle…it’s not right.We’ve got to keep working to fix this.We’ve got so much more to do.”

I see how those stories our collection of struggles and hopes and dreams I see how that’s what drives Barack Obama every single day.And I didn’t think it was possible, but today, I love my husband even more than I did four years ago…even more than I did 23 years ago, when we first met.I love that he’s never forgotten how he started.I love that we can trust Barack to do what he says he’s going to do, even when it’s hard especially when it’s hard.I love that for Barack, there is no such thing as “us” and “them” he doesn’t care whether you’re a Democrat, a Republican, or none of the above…he knows that we all love our country…and he’s always ready to listen to good ideas…he’s always looking for the very best in everyone he meets.And I love that even in the toughest moments, when we’re all sweating it when we’re worried that the bill won’t pass, and it seems like all is lost Barack never lets himself get distracted by the chatter and the noise.Just like his grandmother, he just keeps getting up and moving forward…with patience and wisdom, and courage and grace.And he reminds me that we are playing a long game here…and that change is hard, and change is slow, and it never happens all at once.But eventually we get there, we always do.We get there because of folks like my Dad…folks like Barack’s grandmother…men and women who said to themselves, “I may not have a chance to fulfill my dreams, but maybe my children will…maybe my grandchildren will.”

米歇尔演讲翻译 篇2

一、Leech的礼貌原则概述

1983年, 在Brown&Levinson的面子礼貌理论和Grice的合作原则的基础上, 提出了礼貌原则 (Politeness Principle, 简称PP) , 其包括以下六条准则:得体准则 (Tact Maxim) 、宽宏准则 (Generosity maxim) 、赞誉准则 (Approbation Maxim) 、谦虚准则 (Modesty Maxim) 、一致准则 (Agreement Maxim) 和同情准则 (Sympathy Maxim) 。

二、礼貌原则在访华演讲中的运用

礼貌原则在外交演讲中有着丰富的体现和运用, 本文通过文案分析的方式 (节选自Michelle Obama’s speech at Number Seven School Chengdu2014/03/26;Michelle Obama’s speech at Peking University 2014/04/01) , 以Leech的六项准则为基础来分析美国第一夫人的访华演讲, 探讨礼貌原则中在实际中的体现和运用。

1.“宽宏准则”的分析与运用

根据Leech的礼貌原则, 宽宏准则是指尽力减少对自己的益处, 尽力扩大自己付出的代价。然而, 得体准则是指尽力减少他人付出的代价, 尽力扩大对他人的益处。由此可以看出, 得体准则与宽宏准则是同一问题的两个方面。所以, 本文着重分析宽宏准则, 例1:“The private sector is stepping up as well.For example, Steve Schwarzman, the head of an American company called Blackstone, is funding a new program at Tsinghua University modeled on the Rhodes Scholarship.” (2014/04/01)

米歇尔·奥巴马通过讲述Blackstone公司资助清华大学模仿罗德奖学全 (Rhode Scholarship) 的一个新项目, 给听众创造了一个良好印象——美国牺牲了自身利益, 为中国提供帮助, 并以此获得听众们的信赖和支持。但是在外交事务中, 各国实质上都是在追求本国利益, 因此在该演讲中, “宽宏原则”也仅仅停留在表述上, 她看似做出了很多的让步或是牺牲了本国的利益, 但是事实上这些言辞仅仅是为了满足听者的需要。

2. 对于“赞扬准则”的分析和运用

赞扬准则强调尽力缩小对他人的贬损, 尽力夸大对他人的赞扬, 重在突出有利的方面, 减少负面的印象, 从而加强双方的合作关系。对于“赞扬准则”常用的语言策略体现在直接恭维上。例2:

“Ni-hao.It is such a pleasant and an honor to be here with all of you at this great university…Thank you so much for having me.” (2014/04/01)

在以上例子中, 米歇尔·奥巴马借用直接恭维“be here with all of you at this great university”, 赞扬了学生们以及他们所在的学校, 赋予听众一种自豪和荣誉感, 以此创造友好和睦的关系, 赢得听众的信任与支持。

3. 对于谦虚准则的分析和运用

“谦虚准则”强调尽力缩小对自己的赞扬, 尽力夸大对自己的贬损。中国是一个礼仪之邦, 谦虚在中国的文化显得至关重要。例3:

“All of you are America’s best face, and China’s best face, to the world.Every day, you show the world your countries’energy, creativity, optimism and unwavering belief in the future. (2014/04/01) .

在该例子中, 米歇尔在赞扬和展示对他国的尊重时, 同时也赞扬了自己的国家, 这是因为作为美国总统夫人, 米歇尔不仅仅代表了自己, 更是代表了国家的形象, 所以在赞扬和展示对他国的尊重时, 不仅不能有损本国的形象, 与此同时也赞扬了自己的国家。

4. 对于“赞同准则”的分析与运用

“赞同准则”强调尽力缩小自身和他们之间的分歧, 尽力夸大自身和他人之间的一致。也就是说, 说话者要寻找共同的出发点, 让听众感觉与说话者在同一立场, 从而进一步的发展双方的友好关系。基于赞同准则, 即使说话者有不同的观点, 她也会尽量采取委婉的方式, 减轻对于听话者的威胁。例如说话者会采用这样的表述 (I’m sorry to say...) 或者部分同意在发表否定观点之前 (Yes, in a way, but...) 。例4:

“So in my family, like in so many of your families, we took care of each other.And while we certainly weren’t rich, my parents had big dreams for me and my brother.”. (2014/03/26)

从例句可以看出, 米歇尔·奥巴马从自己的家庭和家人的爱出发, 寻找她与听众的共同点, 缩小她和听众之间的距离, 唤起大家的共鸣, 以此获取听众的信任和支持, 由此可以看出“赞同原则”在该访华演讲中的重要作用。

5. 对于“同情准则”的分析和运用

同情准则是指尽力缩小自身对他人的反感, 尽力夸大自身对他人的同情。这项准则可以有助于增加说话者和听话者之间的亲密程度并且可以给听话者留下一个良好的现象。例5:

“Please know that we are keeping all the families and loved ones of those on this flight in our thoughts and prayers at this very difficult time.”. (2014/04/01)

“And for a lot of young people like me who are struggling to afford a regular semester of school paying for plane tickets or living expense halfway around

the world just isn’t possible.And that’s not acceptable, because study abroad shouldn’t just for student from certain backgrounds.” (2014/04/01)

从以上的例子可以看出, 米歇尔·奥巴马的演讲遵循了同情原则。“this very difficult time”指代的是马航失事的这段时间, 她先对中国失踪人员的家属表达慰问和关心。然后又在留学的问题上, 对和她一样有着普通家庭背景, 努力奋斗的年轻人, 但不能拥有留学机会而表示深切关切与同情。通过以上的表述, 米歇尔·奥巴马拉近与听众们心理上的距离, 并得到了中国人的信任和支持, 从而达到了交际目的。

结语

通过以上的节选例子分析可以看出, 礼貌原则在外交演讲中有着重要作用。在外交演讲中, 第一夫人常常起到“润滑剂”的作用, 善于运用礼貌原则和调整表达角度, 常常可以起到事半功倍的效果, 从而促进交际成功。与此同时, 我们应该意识到不同语言社团的文化, 礼貌的准则和内涵存在着差异性和冲突性, 因此我们需要重实际中寻找出共性, 掌握差异性, 从而在语言交际中要正确运用礼貌原则。

参考文献

[1]Leech G, Principle of Pragmatics[M].Longman, 1983.

[2]高航.礼貌现象研究评价[J].解放军外语学院学报, 1996.

[3]马登阁.从语用学看语言交际的礼貌原则及英语礼貌语言的表达方式[J].北京第二外国语学院学报, 1995.

[4]刘润清.关于Leech的“礼貌原则”[J].外语教学与研究, 1987.

米歇尔演讲翻译 篇3

【关键词】话语修辞 五位一体戏剧理论 统一理论

在当今的政治舞台上，男性已不再握有绝对主导权利。女性，尤其是政要们的夫人所产生的影响力与日俱增，如安·罗姆尼在2012年大选前在共和党全国大会上所作的一场演讲。演讲是一种对语言的特殊运用，作为一种重要的政治宣传手段，演讲主要是发挥其劝说功用！伯克认为： “人一旦运用语言，便不可避免地进入修辞情景。”结合这类女性特定的身份角色这一背景来思考，就会发现他们的演讲其实具有很强的修辞目的。从戏剧理论来探索这一演讲的修辞目的，从同一理论来发掘演讲者是如何一步步地将其动机传递给受话者，使其与发话者达成同一、诱发行动，从而加深读者对该演说的理解和认识。

一、新修辞学理论

戏剧理论是通过戏剧分析来研究人类行为关系和动机的一种方法。人的任何行为都是欲望的表现，都有其相应的动机。因此这一理论将话语看做戏剧，揭示其中隐含的修辞动机，通过“行为”“执行者”“方法”“场景”以及“目的”这五个要素间的关系确定关系比，这个关系比的不同会表现成不同的话语动机。

同一理论在伯克新修辞理论中占有重要地位。伯克认为，只有修辞者使用符号或语言与听众取得“同一”时，才能达到诱发他人行为的目的。取得“同一”主要有三种方式：“同情认同”、“对立认同”和“误同”。“同情认同”强调听众与说话者的共同感情、信仰和利益等，借此达到听者对说话者的认同；“对立认同”则是大家通过共同的对立面而形成联合；“误同”是一种普遍存在的认识误区，是日常广告的惯用手法。

二、对米歇尔演讲的修辞分析

1米歇尔的演讲动机分析

在美国北卡罗来纳州夏洛特市举行的民主党全国代表大会上，第一夫人米歇尔进行了声情并茂的演说，时值美国大选时期，面对罗姆尼这样的强劲对手，米歇尔的演讲无疑是在为丈夫奥巴马做宣传，赢得更多的支持。她的演讲内容着力表现奥巴马能够深切理解美国普通大众的生活疾苦，能够继续更好地进行改革，以此赢得民心。

米歇尔的演讲采取的是循序渐进的方式，内容大致可以分为四部分。

第一部分从美国精神入手。描述了她成为第一夫人后游历美国的所见所闻，宣扬着人们仍旧使其熠熠生辉的美国精神，既作为一个美国国民的自尊自豪感、开拓进取，富民强国的精神以及实用主义。她所用到的元素有：

场景：民主党全国代表大会

执行者：米歇尔

行为：讲述自己所感受到的美国精神

方法：通过自己的见闻

目的：唤起人们共同拥有的美国精神

这部分米歇尔突出了“执行者-行为”的关系比，在这个充满政治色彩的舞台上，米歇尔没有开门见山的直接提出政治观点，即使在当今时代，第一夫人过度干预政治仍然会遭到反感。她选择循序渐进的方式来引入话题，首先树立自己在听众心中的权威，让听众觉得她的话值得信赖。在开篇，丝毫没有提及政治，而是非常直接的从美国精神这一大众非常公认的话题切入。“I have seen the very best of the American spirit.”“I have seen it...I have seen it...I have seen it...”使用氣势磅礴的排比句来进一步表现这种美国精神，表现出自身对这种美国精神的崇尚。这是米歇尔演讲策略的第一步，利用“执行者-行为”关系比，迎合了大众的角色期待，即一位与他们同样崇尚美国精神的角色，让人们对其产生信赖，认为米歇尔所说的话是值得信赖的，为下文所植入的政治观点做好铺垫。

第二部分承上启下。从对美国精神的谈论转到对奥巴马夫妇成长经历的讲述，他们是如何在艰苦的环境中如何践行伟大的美国精神的。“You see， Barack and I were both raised by families......never imagined for themselves.”这一部分所用到的元素有：

场景：美国-一个伟大的国度

执行者：米歇尔&奥巴马

行为：从贫苦人民到成功者

方法：不断努力去争取和奋斗

目的：实现美国精神

这一部分突出的“行为-执行者”的关系比，在总统大选中要努力拉取的选票更多是来自普通大众的，因此赢得民众的信任是十分必要的。米歇尔强调奥巴马与自己艰辛的成长历程、卑微的家庭背景。第一夫人的此番言论让人联想到了共和党总统候选人罗姆尼优越的家庭背景，米歇尔想以此来说明，奥巴马才是真正理解民众苦难并以改善百姓生活为己任的国家领导人。米歇尔指出，奥巴马深知并践行了美国精神，渴望所有的美国人都能获得同样的机会。她含泪提到，奥巴马由单身母亲艰辛抚养长大，能明白普通家庭的疾苦，所以对奥巴马来讲，所有的问题，归根结底不是政治问题，而是感同身受的“个人问题”。

第三部分是米歇尔对奥巴马工作上的肯定与支持。希望得到更多美国民众的支持，共同践行美国精神。“I love that we can trust Barack to do what he says he’s going to do，even when it’s hard especially when it’s hard.”这部分涉及的元素：

场景：经济仍旧不景气，医疗改革亟待解决的社会现状

执行者：奥巴马

行为：继续刺激经济发展并尽快解决医疗改革问题

方法：总统的领导以及民众共同的努力

目的：改善社会状况，“救民于水火”

这一部分突出“场景-行为”关系比，其中的行为是该场景所要求的，并由场景来确定合适与否。经济低迷，医疗改革问题突出，教育资源分配不均等社会现状，米歇尔以奥巴马为例，把这一关系比推向听众，使听众产生内心对改革的期望，强调出采取改革行动的必要性，呼吁群众继续支持奥巴马推进改革，共同迎来美好的愿景。

综上所述，米歇尔首先营造自身的可信形象，进一步通过讲述她与奥巴马的艰辛成长经历来拉拢广大民众的心，最后从讲述改革问题来唤起民众对改革的信心以继续支持奥巴马。

2米歇尔的修辞分析

修辞行为的使用在于消除存在的分歧与隔阂以达到“同一”。演讲者将听众与其自身同一的过程，通过符号系统中的等级观念使其产生转变观念的冲动。米歇尔将这两个方面很好的运用在一起，达到其鼓舞听众支持奥巴马的意图。

2.1“同一”的过程

演讲者通过话语使听众感觉到自己与演讲者有大量的共同之处，从而不知不觉的加入到了演讲者的队伍中。

2.1.1同情认同

米歇尔首先是借用美国精神这一美国国民普遍的价值观念，她用自己的所见所闻来表现自己跟大家一样崇尚的美国精神。“I have seen it......ur proud military families…”米歇尔以此来表达自己是大家中的一员，拉近了与听众之间的距离，她同样是一位普通的美国人民，有着同样的感受，引起大家的共鸣，让大家觉得与米歇尔之间有着共同的感触，产生了一种亲近感。强调了美国人民的这种精神带给她深深的影响。“Every day， the people I meet inspire me... in the greatest nation on earth.”这迎合了大众需要被关注的心理，强化了大众对米歇尔的肯定。

紧接着米歇尔将话题转向了自己与奥巴马相识相爱，以此将听众的注意力转移到奥巴马身上，其精明之处就在于懂得挑选材料，恰到好处的表现出讲者的观点，以达到劝说的效果。米歇尔在演讲中选取了自己，奥巴马，自己父亲的奋斗史作为素材，奥巴马夫妇直到40岁才还完了学生贷款；米歇尔的父亲是城市水厂的一名泵浦操作员。就和很多人一样，米歇尔父亲衡量生命成功的方式是靠工作让自己的家庭过上体面的生活。他们学会了做自尊正派的人——努力工作远比挣钱多少重要…帮助别人比自己争先更有意义。我们学会了做诚实守信的人——要讲究真相…不能妄图走捷径或耍小伎俩…以及公平争取来的成功才算数。他们都是依靠自己诚实的劳动取得了成功，没有任何捷径，“泵浦操作员”、“贷款”等词与下层社会联系密切，但“总统”、“第一夫人”这样的词汇又深深的反应出了他们身份地位的改变，即使如此，这仍让人们感受到了来自社会底层的他们深知民众的疾苦，处在底层时的他们仍旧朝着美国梦努力着。这使得米歇尔和奥巴马都与美国民众联系在了一起。最后通过孩子这一对象成功的连接到了美国千千万万的家庭。

2.1.2对立认同

对立认同是“通过分裂而达成凝聚的最迫切的形式”这里所说的分裂指的是对立面。因为对立面的存在，讲者与说话者达成认同，形成联合，树立共同的敌人。

米歇尔从妻子的角度为听众讲述了奥巴马为大家所做的努力，奥巴马来自于底层社会，能够更加深刻且真切的理解民眾苦难并成为以改善百姓生活为己任的国家领导人。相比之下，共和党总统候选人罗姆尼有着优越的家庭背景，他此前多次提到自己的“成功”，但他举的例子就是在贝恩公司担任首席执行官时赚了“大钱”。因此，米歇尔在演讲中特意指出：“对奥巴马来说，成功不在于你拥有多少财富，而是你能改变和影响民众的生活。”这就给普通民众的心理设定了一个比较对象，相比较出身优越的罗姆尼，奥巴马似乎更适合成为代表民众呼声的总统，更加能够实施有利于大众的改革，从而对罗姆尼的印象处于一种怀疑态度，这就成功的塑造了共同的对立面。使得民心更加倾向于有着相似成长经历的奥巴马。

在演讲中通过同情认同和对立认同来减少分歧，建立起的同一是众多政治演讲中惯用的手法。

3结语

伯克的新修辞理论所蕴含的内容为我们研究演讲中的修辞效果提供了新的视角。本文以此对米歇尔《希望不死，永存斗志》的演讲进行了较为深入的分析。运用戏剧理论将演讲分为三部分，分析修辞动机；运用同一理论分析米歇尔如何从同情、对立两个方面来赢得更多的支持。可以看出许多政要夫人的演讲多数都隐含着巨大的政治目的，本文即是表现除了米歇尔为他的丈夫拉取选票，提升支持率的目的。同时，这也为我们对其他演讲进行修辞分析提供了借鉴。

【参考文献】

[1] 温科学，20世纪西方修辞学理论研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社，2006

[2] 张威，伯克新修辞语篇分析模式的研究[D]，哈尔滨：黑龙江大学西语学院，2007

[3] 鞠玉梅，肯尼斯·伯克新修辞学理论评述：戏剧五位一体理论[J]，外语学刊，2003（4）：73-77

[4] 肯尼斯·博克，当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评[M].常昌富，顾宝桐，译，北京：：中国社会科学出版社，1998：161

[5] 周强，基于肯尼斯·伯克新修辞学的语篇解读模式：以葛底斯堡演说为例[J].长春工程学院学报：社会科学版，2010（1）：111-113

米歇尔在北大演讲全文 篇4

你好，能够在这所伟大的大学里与你们大家在一起，真是莫大的荣幸......非常感谢你们的邀请。

在开始今天讲话之前，我想代表我自己和我丈夫就马来西亚航空公司370航班简短地说几句。

如我丈夫所说，美国正提供尽可能多的资源协助搜寻工作。

请相信，在这个非常艰难的时刻，我们的心和航班上人员的家属和亲人在一起，我们为他们祈祷。

现在，我们首先来认识一下美国新任驻华大使，博卡斯大使、王校长、朱主席、李副校长、Cuelluer主任、Oi教授和斯坦福中心，纽约大学的塞克顿斯校长，该校在上海开设了一个优秀的海外留学项目，以及清华大学全球领袖项目主任约翰·桑顿，由衷地感谢大家的到来。

最重要的是，我要感谢今天所有到场的学生们......我要特别感谢埃里克·谢弗和朱宣皓的精彩英文和中文介绍。

这绝佳地诠释了我今天要和大家聊的全部话题。

你们看，通过学习彼此的语言，通过展现对彼此文化的好奇心和尊重，谢弗先生、朱女士以及你们大家正在搭建理解的桥梁，这些桥梁带来更多的丰硕成果。

我今天来到你们这里是因为我知道，我们的未来取决于全球像你们这样年轻人间的这样的联系。

这就是为什么年轻人到彼此国家学习和生活是如此重要。

因为这是你们培养合作习惯的途径，你们通过融入不同的文化，通过了解彼此的故事，通过跨越常常膈膜我们的成见和误解，来做到这一点。

这是你们了解到我们共享多少东西的途径。这是你们认识到我们的工程惠及彼此的途径。在北京发现的治疗方法可以挽救在美国的生命，来自加州硅谷的清洁能源可以改善中国的环境。

全球各地的公司可以进行业务往来和相互竞争。

我们可以与各大洲的人们通过短信、电子邮件和Skype进行沟通。

因此,出国留学不只是以开心的方式度过一个学期——它正迅速成为在全球经济中取得成功的关键。

因为要走在当今职场的前沿，只在学校里取得好成绩或好分数是不够的..„.还应拥有对境外世界的真实体验——对非常不同于己的语言、文化和社会的体验。

正如中国的一句古话所说：“读万卷书不如行万里路”。

要明确的是，出国留学绝不只是改善你们自己的未来--它还关乎塑造你们国家以及我们大家共同拥有的这个世界的未来。

因为就我们这个时代的决定性挑战而言--无论是气候变化、还是经济机会、或是核武器扩散..„.这些都是共同的挑战。

没有任何一个国家能够单独应对它们，唯的出路就是共同携手。

这就是为什么像你们一样的年轻人到彼此国家学习和生活是如此重要。因为这是你们培养合作习惯的途径--你们通过将自己沉浸在别人的文化里，通过学习彼此的故事，通过跨越经常隔离我们的成见和误解来做到这一点。

这是你们认识到我们都在彼此的成功中拥有攸关利益的途径：在北京这里发现的治疗方法可以挽救在美国的生命，来自加州硅谷的清洁能源技术可以改善中国这里的环境,西安一座古老寺庙的架构可以激发达拉斯或底特律新建筑设计的灵感。

这是你们和同学或实验伙伴所建立的联系能够带来更多收获的时候。

这是阿比盖尔·科普林(Abigail Coplin)成为北京美国富布赖特学者时发生的事情。她和她的同事们在首屈一指的科学杂志上共同发表论文，他们建立研究伙伴关系，这段关系在他们回到各自国家后还长久地持续着。

来自北京大学的牛可教授是去年的美国富布赖特学者。我引述一下他的话，“最难忘的经历是和我的美国朋友们在一起。”

这些长久的纽带代表留学的真正价值..„.我很兴奋，越来越多的学生正在得到这样的机会。

中国目前是美国人留学的第五大热门目的地。今天的美国，来自中国的交换生数量很多。

尽管如此，太多的学生从来没有这样的机会„....而一些有机会的学生犹豫是否要抓住它。

他们尽管觉得留学只是有钱的学生或是来自某类大学的学生的事。

或者，他们可能心里想，“嗯，这听起来很有趣，但它在我的生活中真正有多大用处？”

我了解这些年轻人来自哪里，因为我还在上大学的时候也有同样的感受。

我的父母没有上过大学，我将精力集中在进入大学并获得学位，这样我就可以得到一份工作并养活自己。

对于很多像我一样靠奋斗才能读得起一个常规学期的年轻人来说，支付世界另一边的机票或生活费是在是不可能的。

这是不可能接受的，因为留学不应仅是有某些背景的学生的事。

我们希望在所有种族和社会经济背景的人之间建立联系，因为正是这样的多样性让我们的国家如此充满活力和强大..„.我们的海外留学项目应向世界反映美国的真正精神。

这就是为什么在2009年我丈夫访问中国时，他宣布了我们的100000强倡议，该倡议旨在增加留学中国的美国学生的数量和多样性。

而今年，在我们纪念我们两国关系正常化三十五周年之际，美国政府实际上支持更多的美国学生在中国(与其世界上任何其他国家相比)学习。

我们正送高中生、大学生和研究生来这里学习中文..„.我们正邀请中国老师到美国的学校教授普通话..„.我们希望为留学美国的中国学生提供免费的在线咨询..„.美中富布赖特项目仍在加强，现在有3000多名学友。

私人部门也在加紧工作。

例如，美国黑石公司的主管史蒂夫施瓦茨曼正在自助清华大学模仿罗德奖学金的一个新项目。

以来自俄亥俄克里夫兰的罗亚尔·尼克尔森为例，她参加了纽约大学在上海的项目。

像我一样，罗亚尔是家里的第一代大学生„„她目前做两份全职工作，而她父亲晚上工作以维持他们的家庭。

谈到她在上海的经历时，她说：“这座城市充满韧性，它激励我完成所有我能做的事。”

还有来自华盛顿的菲力门·海尔，他还是孩子的时候，他的家人作为厄立特里亚难民来到了美国。

谈到他在中国学习的经历时，他说，“在我们进入公民外交的新时代之际，留学是人民间交流的一种强大工作。”

“一个公民外交的新时代”——我自己想不出比这更好的说法了。因为这正是我正在谈的，那就是普通公民走向世界。

正像我在美国经常和年轻人说的那样，你不需要登上飞机才能成为公民外交官。

我告诉他们，如果你在家里、学校或者图书馆上网，只要几秒钟，你就可以被带到世界的任何地方，遇见来自每个大陆的人。

这就是为什么我每天都要发一篇旅行博文，里面有我这次中国之行的视频和照片——因为我希望美国的年轻人能够成为这次访问的一部分。

这的确是技术的力量——它如何得以打开整个世界，让我们接触到以前根本难以想象的思想好和创新。

同时，这也是为什么信息和思想在互联网上、以及通过媒体自由流动是如此重要。

因为那是我们如何得以发现真相......那是我们如何得以了解我们的社群、我们的国家和我们的世界到底在发生着什么。那也是我们如何解决我们认为那些价值观和思想是最好的——通过有力地对它们提出疑问，进行辩论......通过每次倾听争论中的所有各方，也通过我们自己进行判断。

有大量的来自我们媒体和公民的质疑和批评，而我丈夫和我位于接收端......这并非易事......但我们不愿意用它来换世界上的任何东西。

因为我们一次又一次地看到，当所有公民的声音和观点都能得到倾听的时候，国家会变得更加强大和繁荣。而正像我丈夫所说过的，我们尊重其它文化和社会的独特性。

然而，就自由地表达自我、选择自己所崇拜，以及享有信息公开而言——我们相信那些是这个星球上的每个人与生俱来的普世权利。

我们相信，所有人都应享有实现自己最大潜能的机会，正如我在美国所能做到的那样。

同时，当你在中国这里以及在美国了解新的文化、结交新的朋友时，你整个人就是那些价值观的鲜活代表。所以我保证，通过出国留学，你们不仅在改变自己的人生，你们也在改变所遇到的每个人的人生。

正像伟大的美国总统约翰·肯尼迪(John F· Kennedy)曾经在谈到留学美国的外国学生时说的那样，“我想他们所教的比他们学到的还要多。”

而对于出国学习的年轻美国人来说也是一样的。

对世界而言，你们所有人都是最好的美国面孔和最好的中国面孔。

每一天，你们都在向世界展示你们国家的能量、创造力、乐观以及对未来坚定不移的信念。

每一天，你们都在提醒我们，通过跨越边界，学会在彼此身上看到我们自己和用共同的决心应对我们共同的挑战，我们可以取得多大的成就。

所以，我希望你们都会不断寻求这样的经历。

我也希望你们会继续教彼此，互相学习，同时建立起友谊的纽带，这些纽带能在未来数十年丰富你们的生活，也丰富我们的世界。

你们大家都有这么多可以给与，我迫不及待地想看到，未来几年里你们一起实现的所有成就。

米歇尔演讲稿-西点经典篇 篇5

Hello everyone, and thank you for that wonderful welcome.I want to thank Lieutenant General Huntoon for that very kind introduction, as well as Secretary of the Army John McHugh, the Class of 1961 bar presenters, all of our distinguished guests, and all of the parents, families, and friends who are joining us tonight.And of course, I want to say thank you for inviting me here to the United States Military Academy.This is my first visit to West Point and I am truly humbled to speak to you tonight on an evening that’s so special for all of you, for this Academy, and for this country.As I look around at the cadets in this room, it is very clear to me that you all reflect everything we hope to see in ourselves and our country – firmness of character and strength of heart, a strong body and a ferocious mind, a devotion to country and to family.And I know that this weekend is the product of 47 months of extraordinary effort and endurance from R-Day to your last exam during TEE-week.For all of you, I know this has been a magnificent journey, a journey full of academic and athletic victories, a journey that has taken you across the country and around the world.You’ve learned new skills and immersed yourself in new cultures, which will serve you well on today’s battlefields.You’ve also created a Bionic Foot, an Exoskeleton, and other robotics and cyber defense projects that will help troops in the field.In the area of sports, your football team had its first winning season in 14 years and its first bowl victory in 25.Your women’s rugby team just brought home the national championship last weekend.And with your help, West Point earned its first victory in the Sandhurst Competition in 18 years.But along with all of your successes, your journey has also been filled with plenty of challenges.You learned that crawling face-first through the mud and enduring a long, cold winter aren’t just metaphors.You’ve learned just how little sleep you need to survive and how much coffee you can stomach to stay awake.You’ve crammed facts into your brain until you thought it would burst – and then you crammed in even more.That’s the beauty of West Point.It’s a place where you learn that your greatest achievements will never come easily, and they will never be achieved alone.You learn that duty, honor, and country are not simply words, but guideposts.They dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be.And you learn that there are times when we must stand up to defend our way of life, when we must live out your class motto, “For Freedom We Fight.” We live in such times today.You knew this from the moment you signed up.You knew that coming to this Academy meant that you would likely be placed in dangerous situations on unknown soil.Yet you came anyway.You have seen cadets from the classes ahead of you pack their bags for Afghanistan or Iraq, and many of you have already served there yourselves.You hear updates not only from headlines and newsfeeds, but from emails and cell phone calls from friends.And yes, you’ve visited wounded friends, you’ve heard the bugle’s call each time a graduate of this academy has fallen in our wars.Yet you stayed anyway.Each of you has taken a journey here that is uniquely your own, but follows in the great tradition of West Point.And tonight, you are on the cusp of taking your rightful place in that long, gray line.Now, this journey is a testament not just to you as individuals, but also to the families that surround you, because your journey began long before you got that first military haircut and put on white-over-grey.Without your families, you never would have had the strength to tackle Beast Barracks while your peers were enjoying a final, carefree summer before college.Your families were the ones you called for a shoulder to lean on or a kick in the pants.They’ve been there for you for every moment of triumph and every moment of challenge.Their unending love and support provide the very foundation that allows you to stand strong today.And that’s what I really want to talk with you about tonight.I want to talk about what family can and will mean for you as leaders of our Army and of our nation.Now, I grew up like many of you did.My family lived on the South Side of Chicago on the top floor of a two-family home.We didn’t have much money, but we had more than enough of what mattered.We had the unwavering love and support of family.We had a community that looked after us.And we had parents who showed us by example that if we worked hard enough, if we kept ourselves grounded and held fast to certain core values, then we could be anything that we dreamed of.My dad was diagnosed with MS when he was in his early 30s, and as he grew older, he grew weaker and sicker.But I remember how he still went to work every day.I remember how he’d drag himself out to play in the park with me and my brother.And he was a role model in our community.Just by being himself, he showed me what it means to be a parent, a citizen, a leader.And I know that each of you has your own family stories that shape you.Cadet Russ Burgin was inspired by his father, too.He saw how his dad went through chemo and radiation treatments, but never complained, never felt sorry for himself, and continued to work full-time to provide for his family.Today, his dad is cancer free, and Cadet Burgin is here at West Point, the best place he could imagine to live out the values that his father demonstrated every day.Then we have Cadet Woo Do, who is a first-generation American.Growing up, he’d accompany his grandfather on doctor visits as a translator, and that’s how he developed his passion for medicine – a passion that will take him to Harvard Medical School next year.And so many of you come from military backgrounds, like Cadets Christina Veney and Megan Snook, who each have multiple family members that graduated from this Academy.And Cadet Erin Anthony can trace her family’s military history to the 1600s.But Cadets, no matter how you’ve grown up, no matter how you define family, all of you have someone in your life who believed in you and pushed you.You had someone who taught you the values and lessons that will sustain you when times get tough or you’re unsure of what’s ahead.Some of those people are here with you tonight.So, to the parents: I can only imagine the joy you’ll feel tomorrow when you see your sons and daughters in their officer’s uniforms for the first time.I can only imagine the pride that comes from knowing that your kids are the kind of kids that everyone dreams of raising.But as a parent, I can also imagine what else might be on your mind tonight.All of you read the news.All of you understand what your children have signed up for.You know what their next assignment is, and in the back of your mind, you’re wondering where the assignments after that might take them.Those concerns are only natural.And it is a testament to your strength, your patriotism and your unconditional love that you have proudly supported these cadets every step of the way.And cadets, I want you to know that these people will always be there for you.As I’ve seen in my own life and heard from troops all across this world, your family will be your rock, whether they’re right next to you or across an ocean.And soon, many of you will be building families of your own.Very soon, for some of you.I hear that, in addition to all the graduation preparations, many of you are planning weddings as well.So congratulations to all of you as you prepare for the big day.And no matter where your career takes you, your families will be there right alongside you.Because our force is a force of families.That’s become more clear even in just a generation.During Vietnam, most of our troops were young single men.And most of those who were married had spouses who stayed at home.But today, more than half of our servicemembers are married, forty percent have two or more kids, and most military spouses are employed outside the home.That’s what today’s military families look like.They’re military spouses who pursue a career, raise their kids alone, and still find time for night school.They’re children who move from town to town, constantly adjusting to new schools and making new friends.They’re Blue Star moms who wake up every morning and pray and pray that their child comes home safely.They’re Gold Star families who honor the memory of their loved ones while channeling their strength into serving others.And graduates, here’s why your role is so important.Soon, you’ll be serving not just for yourselves, and not just for your own families, but for these families, too.You’ll be helping your troops deal with the joy of a newborn and the disappointment of not being in the delivery room.You’ll be helping a Soldier cope with a family emergency halfway around the world.And you’ll see again and again that those family relationships are just as important to a soldier’s success as anything that you can provide them in the field.And just as our troops need your leadership and support, their families do as well, because they sacrifice and serve this nation right alongside anyone who wears our uniform.But America doesn’t always see that.They can thank our troops in airports or at the grocery store because they’re wearing fatigues.But military families don’t wear any kind of uniform.They just blend in.And because only one percent of our country serves in the Armed Forces, a lot of Americans simply don’t know many – or any – military families.They aren’t familiar with the resilience it takes to get through a long deployment.They don’t know the courage it takes simply to turn on the evening news.They don’t fully realize the strength you need to move your family for the fourth or fifth or sixth time in a decade.But even though people may not always know exactly what you’re going through or exactly how to help, I can assure you that they do want to help.Admiral Mullen, who will be speaking to you tomorrow, calls it the Sea of Goodwill.And believe me, I’ve seen it with my own eyes all across the country.I’m working with Dr.Jill Biden to channel that Sea of Goodwill through an effort we are calling Joining Forces.This is a nationwide campaign calling on all Americans to recognize, honor, and support our military families – not just with words, but with deeds.We want your families to feel these efforts on the ground, in your daily lives.So we’re working across sectors, asking everyone from government and business to faith communities and school districts to make a commitment to you and your families.Already, people across this country – including many of our largest corporations and nonprofits – have stepped up with real, tangible commitments.And let me tell you, when I meet a Member of Congress or a powerful CEO and ask for their help, I have been blown away by their enthusiasm.They all want to help.They’re excited to do it.And we haven’t had one single person tell us no.So graduates, I want you to know that while this country is asking a lot of you once you pin on those gold bars, we’re not asking you to do it alone.You have your families that are with you today and every day.You have the many friends and family members outside these walls, the ones watching all around the Academy, and all of those who support you in your hometowns and across this country.And you have millions of folks who you don’t even know, and who you will never meet, who have your back.From my husband right on down through the ranks of this military, from those powerful CEOs to all of the teachers, clergy, and neighbors that you deal with every single day.We all want to give something back to you and your families because we are inspired by you.We’re inspired by the character reflected in your acceptance to this Academy, and by the courage to serve during a time of war.We’re inspired by how, over these past 47 months, you have become not simply warriors and not simply scholars.You have become leaders.You have come to embody duty, honor, country, just like all those who came before you.Thayer.Grant.Eisenhower.Schwartzkopf.Those values stretch through generations and across this nation, powering engineers and astronauts, senators and statesmen, business leaders and five-star generals.But tonight, I’d actually like to end with the story of someone who lived long before your motto was adopted.It’s someone who was never a West Point Cadet, but I think that’s fine, since this building is named after him.In the summer of 1775, we were barely two months removed from Paul Revere’s ride and the shot heard round the world.And the Second Continental Congress was meeting in Philadelphia to take control of the war effort.They decided to put the Continental Army under George Washington’s command, and he was to leave for Boston immediately.And the night before he was officially commissioned as Commander-in-Chief, before he left to lead thousands of men, before he began to chart the course of freedom for our country and our world, Washington sat down to draft a letter to his wife, Martha.In it, he writes not of battle plans or great pride and personal achievement.He writes with, in his words, “inexpressible concern” because he’s thinking about his wife.He’s thinking about her being at home, alone, on their farm.So he asks her to be strong, and he says he hopes that the time will pass as easily as possible, because, as he writes, “Nothing will give me so much sincere satisfaction as to hear this, and to hear it from your own Pen.” Well, today’s soldiers may write emails rather than “penning” letters.They may be able to video chat with their kids at bedtime.But that abiding love, that passionate devotion to family – that is what has sustained so many on battlefields here in America and around the world since the very beginning of this nation.Your families – the ones here tonight and the ones you will build someday – will always be at the forefront of your minds and hearts.And the only thing that will give you and your troops that “sincere satisfaction” that General Washington spoke of is knowing that they are safe.So, alongside everything else you have learned and experienced here at the United States Military Academy, the calculus and Shakespeare, the intramurals and leadership training, I ask you to remember that family has always been a centerpiece of our American story.I want you to remember that this country and all of its citizens stand ready to serve you and your families.And I want you to remember that as long as we all do our duty, as long as we all serve with honor, then the fate of this country will never be in doubt.So congratulations again, graduates.We are all so very proud of you.May God bless you and your families on the journey ahead and may God bless the United States of America.

米歇尔演讲翻译 篇6

3月22日上午，美国第一夫人米歇尔造访北京大学，并接受北大校长赠书。之后，米歇尔在北大斯坦福中心以“读万卷书不如行万里路”为主题的演讲。在米歇尔的演讲中，“留学”成为关键词。她化用中国古语“读万卷书，不如行万里路”，并结合自身经历现身说法，希望让更多青年人拥有留学的机会。以下为米歇尔演讲的双语全文： MRS.OBAMA:(Applause.)Thank you.Well, ni-hao.(Laughter.)It is such a pleasure and an honor to be here with all of you at this great university, so thank you so much for having me.谢谢。你好。很高兴也很荣幸来到这里，在这所伟大的大学和你们共聚一堂。非常感谢你们邀请我。

Now, before I get started today, on behalf of myself and my husband, I just want to say a few very brief words about Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.As my husband has said, the United States is offering as many resources as possible to assist in the search.And please know that we are keeping all of the families and loved ones of those on this flight in our thoughts and prayers at this very difficult time.在我今天开始之前，代表我自己和我的丈夫，我想就马来西亚航空公司的MH370航班简短说两句。如我丈夫所说，美国正提供尽可能多的资源协助搜寻工作。请相信，在这个非常艰难的时刻，我们的心和航班上人员的家属和亲人在一起，我们为他们祈祷。Now with that, I want to start by recognizing our new Ambassador to China, Ambassador Baucus.President Wang;Chairman Zhu;Vice President Li;Director Cueller;Professor Oi, and the Stanford Center;President Sexton from New York University, which is an excellent study abroad program in Shanghai;and John Thornton, Director of the Global Leadership Program at Tsinghua University.Thank you all for joining us.现在，我们首先来认识一下美国新任驻华大使——博卡斯大使。王校长、朱主席、李副校长、Cuelluer主任、Jean Oi教授和斯坦福中心，纽约大学的塞克顿斯校长（该校在上海开设了一个优秀的海外留学项目），以及清华大学全球领袖项目主任约翰•桑顿，由衷地感谢大家的到来。

But most of all, I want to thank all of the students who are here today.And I particularly want to thank Eric Schaefer and Zhu Xuanhao for that extraordinary English and Chinese introduction.That was a powerful symbol of everything that I want to talk with you about today.最重要的是，我要感谢今天所有到场的学生们......我要特别感谢埃里克•谢弗和朱宣皓的精彩英文和中文介绍。这绝佳地诠释了我今天要和大家聊的全部话题。

See, by learning each other’s languages, and by showing such curiosity and respect for each other’s cultures, Mr.Schafer and Ms.Zhu and all of you are building bridges of understanding that will lead to so much more.And I’m here today because I know that our future depends on connections like these among young people like you across the globe.你们看，通过学习彼此的语言，通过展现对彼此文化的好奇心和尊重，谢弗先生、朱女士以及你们大家正在搭建理解的桥梁，这些桥梁带来更多的丰硕成果。我今天来到你们这里是因为我知道，我们的未来取决于全球像你们这样年轻人间的这样的联系。

That’s why when my husband and I travel abroad, we don’t just visit palaces and parliaments and meet with heads of state.We also come to schools like this one to meet with students like you, because we believe that relationships between nations aren’t just about relationships between governments or leaders--they’re about relationships between people, particularly young people.So we view study abroad programs not just as an educational opportunity for students, but also as a vital part of America’s foreign policy.这也是为什么我们夫妇在国外访问时，不只参观宫殿、议会和会晤国家元首。我们也来到学校，与像你们一样的学生见面。因为我们相信，国与国之间的关系不只是政府或领导人之间的关系，它们是人民间―特别是年轻人之间的关系。因此，我们认为海外留学项目不只是为学生提供的教育机会，还是美国外交政策至关重要的组成部分。Through the wonders of modern technology, our world is more connected than ever before.Ideas can cross oceans with the click of a button.Companies can do business and compete with companies across the globe.And we can text, email, Skype with people on every continent.通过现代技术奇迹，我们的世界比以往任何时候都更多地联系在一起。思想可以通过点击按钮跨越海洋。全球各地的公司可以进行业务往来和相互竟争。我们可以与各大洲的人们通过短信、电子邮件和Skype进行沟通。

So studying abroad isn’t just a fun way to spend a semester;it is quickly becoming the key to success in our global economy.Because getting ahead in today’s workplaces isn’t just about getting good grades or test scores in school, which are important.It’s also about having real experience with the world beyond your borders –-experience with languages, cultures and societies very different from your own.Or, as the Chinese saying goes: ―It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.‖

因此，出国留学不只是以开心的方式度过一个学期——它正迅速成为全球化经济中取得成功的关键。因为要走在当今职场的前沿，只在学校里取得好成绩是不够的，还应拥有国境外的真实体验：体验完全不同的语言、文化和社会。正如中国的一句古话所说：―读万卷书，不如行万里路。‖

But let’s be clear, studying abroad is about so much more than improving your own future.It’s also about shaping the future of your countries and of the world we all share.Because when it comes to the defining challenges of our time-– whether it’s climate change or economic opportunity or the spread of nuclear weapons--these are shared challenges.And no one country can confront them alone.The only way forward is together.我想要说的是，出国留学绝不仅是改善你们自己的未来，它也关乎塑造你们的国家、关乎我们共有的世界的未来。因为我们这个时代的决定性挑战一一无论是气侯变化、经济机遇，还是核武器扩散一一这些都是我们共同的挑战。没有任何一个国家能够单独应对它们……唯一的出路就是共同携手。

That’s why it is so important for young people like you to live and study in each other’s countries, because that’s how you develop that habit of cooperation.You do it by immersing yourself in one another’s culture, by learning each other’s stories, by getting past the stereotypes and misconceptions that too often divide us.这就是为什么年轻人到彼此国家学习和生活是如此重要。因为这是你们培养合作习惯的途径一一你们通过融入不同的文化，通过了解彼此的故事，通过跨越常常隔膜我们的成见和误解，来做到这一点。That’s how you come to understand how much we all share.That’s how you realize that we all have a stake in each other’s success--that cures discovered here in Beijing could save lives in America, that clean energy technologies from Silicon Valley in California could improve the environment here in China, that the architecture of an ancient temple in Xi’an could inspire the design of new buildings in Dallas or Detroit.这是你们了解到我们共享多少东西的途径。这是你们认识到我们的成功惠及彼此的途径。在北京发现的治序方法可以挽救在美国的生命，来自加州硅谷的清洁能源技术可以改善中国的环境，西安一座古老寺庙的架构可激发达拉斯或者底特律新建筑设计的灵感。

And that’s when the connections you make as classmates or labmates can blossom into something more.That’s what happened when Abigail Coplin became an American Fulbright Scholar here at Peking University.She and her colleagues published papers together in top science journals, and they built research partnerships that lasted long after they returned to their home countries.And Professor Niu Ke from Peking University was a Fulbright Scholarship--Scholar in the U.S.last year, and he reported--and this is a quote from him--he said, ―The most memorable experiences were with my American friends.‖

这是你们与同学、实验伙伴建立起的联系能带来更多收获的时候。阿比盖尔•柯普林成为北京大学美国富布赖特学者的时候，她与同事们在首屈一指的科学杂志上共同发表论文，建立研究伙伴关系，这段关系在他们各自回国后还长久持续着。来自北京大学的牛可教授是去年的美国富布赖特学者。我引述下他的话，―最难忘的经历是和我的美国朋友们在一起。‖

These lasting bonds represent the true value of studying abroad.And I am thrilled that more and more students are getting this opportunity.As you’ve heard, China is currently the fifth most popular destination for Americans studying abroad, and today, the highest number of exchange students in the U.S.are from China.这些长久的纽带代表留学的真正价值，我很兴奋，越来越多的学生正得到这样的机会。中国目前是美国人留学的第五大热门目的地。今天的美国，来自中国的交换生数量最多。

But still, too many students never have this chance, and some that do are hesitant to take it.They may feel like studying abroad is only for wealthy students or students from certain kinds of universities.Or they may think to themselves, well, that sounds fun but how will it be useful in my life? And believe me, I understand where these young people are coming from because I felt the same way back when I was in college.尽管如此，太多的学生从来没有这样的机会，而一些有机会的学生则犹豫是否要抓住它。他们可能觉得留学只是有钱的学生或来自某类大学的学生的事。或者，他们可能心里想，―嗯，这听起来很有趣，但它在我的生活中真正有多大用处？‖ 我理解这些年轻人，因为我在上大学时也有同样的感受。

See, I came from a working-class family, and it never occurred to me to study abroad--never.My parents didn’t get a chance to attend college, so I was focused on getting into a university, earning my degree so that I could get a good job to support myself and help my family.And I know for a lot of young people like me who are struggling to afford a regular semester of school, paying for plane tickets or living expenses halfway around the world just isn’t possible.And that’s not acceptable, because study abroad shouldn’t just be for students from certain backgrounds.你们知道，我来自一个工薪阶层家庭，我甚至从来没想过留学。我的父母没有上过大学，我将精力集中在进入大学并获得学位，这样我就可以得到一份工作并养活自己、帮助家人。对于很多像我一样靠奋斗才能读得起一个常规学期的年轻人来说，支付世界另一边的机票或生活费实在是不可能的。这是不可接受的，因为留学不应仅属于有一些背景的学生。

Our hope is to build connections between people of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds, because it is that diversity that truly will change the face of our relationships.So we believe that diversity makes our country vibrant and strong.And our study abroad programs should reflect the true spirit of America to the world.我们希望在所有种族和社会经济背景的人之间建立联系，因为正是这样的多样性让我们的国家如此充满活力和强大……我们的海外留学项目应向世界反映美国的真正精神。

And that’s why when my husband visited China back in 2009, he announced the 100,000 Strong initiative to increase the number and diversity of American students studying in China.And this year, as we mark the 35th anniversary of the normalization of relationships between our two countries, the U.S.government actually supports more American students in China than in any other country in the world.这就是为什么在2009年我的丈夫访问中国时，宣布了我们的10万项倡议，该倡议旨在增加留学中国的美国学生的数量和多样性。而今年，在我们纪念中美两国关系正常化三十五周年之际，美国政府实际上支持更多的美国学生在中国学习。

We are sending high school, college and graduate students here to study Chinese.We’re inviting teachers from China to teach Mandarin in American schools.We’re providing free online advising for students in China who want to study in the U.S.And the U.S.-China Fulbright program is still going strong with more than 3,000 alumni.我们正将高中生、大学生和研究生送到这里来学习中文，我们正邀请中国老师到美国的高校教授普通话，我们为希望留学美国的中国学生提供免费的在线咨询。美中富布赖特项目仍在加强，现有3000多名学友。

And the private sector is stepping up as well.For example, Steve Schwarzman, who is the head of an American company called Blackstone, is funding a new program at Tsinghua University modeled on the Rhodes Scholarship.And today, students from all kinds of backgrounds are studying here in China.私人部门也在加紧工作。例如，美国黑石公司的主管斯蒂夫•施瓦茨曼正在资助清华大学模仿罗德奖学全的一个新项目。今天，来自不同背景的学生正在中国学习。

Take the example of Royale Nicholson, who’s from Cleveland, Ohio.She attends New York University’s program in Shanghai.Now, like me, Royale is a first-generation college student.And her mother worked two full-time jobs while her father worked nights to support their family.And of her experience in Shanghai, Royale said--and this is her quote--she said, ―This city oozes persistence and inspires me to accomplish all that I can.‖ And happy birthday, Royale.It was her birthday yesterday.(Laughter.)以来自俄亥俄州克利夫兰的罗亚尔为例，她参加了纽约大学在上海的项目。像我一样，罗亚尔是家里的第一代大学生。她母亲做两份全职工作，而她父亲晚上工作以维持他们的家庭。谈到她在上海的经历时，她说：―这座城市充满韧性，它激励我完成所有我能做的事。‖ 对了，罗亚尔，我祝你生日快乐。昨天正好是她的生日。

And then there’s Philmon Haile from the University of Washington, whose family came to the U.S.as refugees from Eritrea when he was a child.And of his experience studying in China, he said, ―Study abroad is a powerful vehicle for people-to-people exchange as we move into a new era of citizen diplomacy.‖

还有来自华盛顿大学的腓力门•海尔，他还是孩子的时候，他的家人作为厄立特里亚难民来到了美国。谈到他在中国学习的经历时，他说：―在我们进入公民外交的新时代之际，留学是人民间交流的一种强大工具。‖

―A new era of citizen diplomacy.‖ I could not have said it better myself, because that’s really what I’m talking about.I am talking about ordinary citizens reaching out to the world.And as I always tell young people back in America, you don’t need to get on a plane to be a citizen diplomat.I tell them that if you have an Internet connection in your home, school, or library, within seconds you can be transported anywhere in the world and meet people on every continent.―一个公民外交的新时代‖一一我想不出比这更好的说法了，因为这正是我正在谈的，那就是普通公民走向世界。正如我经常对美国年轻认说的那样，你不需要登上飞机才能成为公民外交官。我告诉他们，如果你在家里、学校或者图书馆能上网，只要几秒钟，你就可以被带到世界任何地方，遇见来自每个大陆的人。

And that’s why I’m posting a daily travel blog with videos and photos of my experiences here in China, because I want young people in America to be part of this visit.And that’s really the power of technology –-how it can open up the entire world and expose us to ideas and innovations we never could have imagined.这就是为什么我每天都要发一篇旅行博文，里面有我这次中国之行的视频和照片，因为我希望美国的年轻人能成为这次访问的一部分。这确实是技术的力量——它打开整个世界，让我们接触到以前根本难以想象的思想和创新。

And that’s why it’s so important for information and ideas to flow freely over the Internet and through the media, because that’s how we discover the truth.That’s how we learn what’s really happening in our communities and our country and our world.And that’s how we decide which values and ideas we think are best –-by questioning and debating them vigorously, by listening to all sides of an argument, and by judging for ourselves.这也是为什么信息和思想在互联网上、并通过媒体自由流动是如此重要。因为那是我们发现真理的途径，那使我们得以了解我们的社群、我们的国家和我们的世界到底在发生着什么。那也是我们何以决定哪些价值观和思想是最好的——通过有力地对它们提出疑问，进行辩论，倾听各方观点，并做出自己的判断。

And believe me, I know how this can be a messy and frustrating process.My husband and I are on the receiving end of plenty of questioning and criticism from our media and our fellow citizens.And it’s not always easy, but we wouldn’t trade it for anything in the world.Because time and again, we have seen that countries are stronger and more prosperous when the voices of and opinions of all their citizens can be heard.相信我，我知道这是一个令人困惑而沮丧的过程。有大量来自我们媒体和公民的质疑和批评，而我丈夫和我位于接收端。这并非易事，但我们认为它的重要无可取代。因为我们一次又一次地看到，当所有公民的声音和观点都能得到倾听之时，国家会变得更加强大和繁荣。And as my husband has said, we respect the uniqueness of other cultures and societies, but when it comes to expressing yourself freely and worshipping as you choose and having open access to information, we believe those universal rights--they are universal rights that are the birthright of every person on this planet.We believe that all people deserve the opportunity to fulfill their highest potential as I was able to do in the United States.正像我的丈夫曾说过的，我们尊重其他文化和社会的独特性。然而，就自由地表达自我、选择自己所崇拜的东西、以及享有信息公开而言——我们相信那是地球上每个人与生俱来的权利。我们相信，所有人都应享有实现自己最大潜能的机会，正如我在美国所能做到的那样。And as you learn about new cultures and form new friendships during your time here in China and in the United States, all of you are the living, breathing embodiment of those values.So I guarantee you that in studying abroad, you’re not just changing your own life, you are changing the lives of everyone you meet.同时，当你在中国这里以及在美国了解新的文化、结交新的朋友之时，你整个人就是那些价值观的鲜活代表。所以我保证，通过出国留学，你们不仅在改变自己的人生，也在改变你所遇到的每个人的人生。And as the great American President John F.Kennedy once said about foreign students studying in the U.S., he said ―I think they teach more than they learn.‖ And that is just as true of young Americans who study abroad.All of you are America’s best face, and China’s best face, to the world--you truly are.正像伟大的美国总统约翰•肯尼迪谈到留学美国的外国学生时说的那样，―我想他们所教的比他们学到的还要多。‖而对出国学习的年径美国人来说也是一样的。对世界而言，你们所有人都是最好的美国面孔，和最好的中国面孔。

Every day, you show the world your countries’ energy and creativity and optimism and unwavering belief in the future.And every day, you remind us--and me in particular--of just how much we can achieve if we reach across borders, and learn to see ourselves in each other, and confront our shared challenges with shared resolve.每一天，你们都在向世界展示你们国家的能量、创造力、乐观，以及对未来坚定不移的信念。每一天，你们都在提醒我们，通过跨越国界，学会在彼此身上看到我们自己，和用共同的决心应对我们共同的挑战。So I hope you all will keep seeking these kinds of experiences.And I hope you’ll keep teaching each other, and learning from each other, and building bonds of friendship that will enrich your lives and enrich our world for decades to come.所以，我希望你们都会不断寻求这样的经历。我希望你们能继续受益于彼此，互相学习，同时建立起友谊的纽带，而这些纽带能在未来数十年丰富你们的生活，也丰富我们的世界。