信函格式（共10篇）
4关于×××××××××××× ××××××××的函
财政部：
××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××
附件：1．×××××××××××
2．××××××××××
（盖章）
二○○一年一月一日（联系人：×××，联系电话：××××××××）
主题词：财政
抄送：国家计委、国家经贸委、公安部、民政部、国家税务总局。税务
本格式简介：
本格式是公文格式之信函格式。信函格式公文格式的一种，与文件格式、命令格式、会议纪要格式相并列，是公文的载体。
信函格式是被广泛采用的一种公文特殊格式。主要用于发布、传达要求下级机关执行和有关单位周知或执行的事项, 报送方案, 商洽、询问、答复或者说明某件具体事项。
信函格式相对简单, 易操作, 在各级行政机关的公文中广泛应用, 常用于通知、批复、函等文种的公文中。
二、信函格式在《党政机关公文格式》 (GB/T9704-2012) 中的表述内容
发文机关标志使用发文机关全称或者规范化简称, 居中排布, 上边缘至上页边为30mm, 推荐使用红色小标宋体字。联合行文时, 使用主办机关标志。
发文机关标志下4 mm处印一条红色双线 (上粗下细) , 距下页边20 mm处印一条红色双线 (上细下粗) , 线长均为170 mm, 居中排布。
如需标注份号、密级和保密期限、紧急程度, 应当顶格居版心左边缘编排在第一条红色双线下, 按照份号、密级和保密期限、紧急程度的顺序自上而下分行排列, 第一个要素与该线的距离为3号汉字高度的7/8。
发文字号顶格居版心右边缘编排在第一条红色双线下, 与该线的距离为3号汉字高度的7/8。
标题居中编排, 与其上最后一个要素相距二行。
第二条红色双线上一行如有文字, 与该线的距离为3号汉字高度的7/8。
首页不显示页码。
版记不加印发机关和印发日期、分隔线, 位于公文最后一面版心内最下方。
三、各要素编排规则
(一) 发文机关标识
1.发文机关标识的名称。 (1) 按照《党政机关公文格式》的规定, 发文机关标识使用发文机关全称或者规范化简称, 其后不加任何名称。此处区别于文件格式中的发文机关标识, 文件格式的发文机关标识是由发文机关全称或者规范化简称加“文件”二字组成。 (2) 推荐使用小标宋体字, 字号由发文机关酌定, 原则上不大于上级机关的发文机关标识字号。以版心为准居中排布。
2.发文机关标识的版面定位。要注意的是, 分析标准10.1与“版心”有关的表述, 信函格式的版心设计要求仍然是标准5.2, 即156mm×225 mm, 版心下边缘在下页边之上35mm (天头取37mm) , 如此, 首页第一条红色双线实际上处于版心之内, 而第二条红色双线处于版心之下。
以文件格式的版心参数进行对比:
文件格式:公文用纸天头 (上白边) 为37mm, 发文机关标识上边缘距版心上边缘35mm。故发文机关标识上边缘距离上页边37+35=72mm。
信函格式:信函格式的发文机关标识上边缘至上页边为30 mm, 有别于一般格式版心尺寸, 意味着比文件格式更靠近上页边。
3.信函格式版头设计技术思路。在电脑WORD操作中, 以发文机关标示22mm×15mm为例, 信函格式首页的设计技术思路如下:
“页面设置”取上37mm, 设置三号仿宋体、行距28磅, 第二页起, 也不用再另行设置。在相当于版心上边缘向下约1.8573行处[ (22mm-7mm+4mm) /10.23mm/行=1.8573行], 版心第一行起, 回车两行, 将第一行设置为“段后”“0.8573行”, 在第二行输入一个三号仿宋体字为基准字, 在此上边缘约2mm处, 画一条直线, 并按要求设置为“第一条红色双线”, “线形”选上粗下细, 粗细选5磅。然后以第一条红色双线为基准向上, 下页边向下30mm处向下, 在此区域内, 插入“文本框”, 输入发文机关标志, 并按照要求设置字号字体, 将文本框设置为“无填充色”、“无边框”。将发文机关标志与第一条红色双线组合绑定, 并微调到符合规定的位置并锁定, “第二条红色双线”, “线形”选上细下粗, 粗细选5磅, 操作思路类似。
除版头、首页页码外, 其他格式要素编排都参照通常文件格式。
(二) 红色双线
信函格式的首页印有两条样式不同的红色双线。上部位于发文机关标识下方4mm处有一条上粗下细的红色双线, 距下页边20mm处印有一条上细下粗的红色双线。
1.从间隔的位置上与文件格式的区别:
(1) 文件格式红色分割线位于发文字号下4mm处, 与发文机关标识下边缘的距离为3个基准行 (2个空行和一个发文字号行) 加上4mm。根据标准中对基准行的定义和排版系统中对3号字体高度的定义 (16磅) , 把计量单位换算成毫米, 1磅≈0.3527mm, 因此三号字体高度为5.64mm, 三号字体的7/8的高度近高约4.77mm, 故推算发文机关标识与红色分割线之间的距离是 (5.64+4.77) ×3+4=35.23mm; (2) 信函格式的红色双线上部距发文机关标识下方4mm。
2.从红色双线的长度上与文件格式的区别:
(1) 在文件格式中, 红色分割线的长度与版心同宽, 为156mm。 (2) 信函格式中, 上下两条红色双线的长度是170mm, 也就是说, 突破了版心宽度的限制。
(三) 版记部分
我是北京 公司的 我公司最新开发的生物质安全环保火锅燃料，具有绿色环保，安全便利和燃烧时间长，温度高等特点，最高温度可达到1050度，同时也作为糖浆或药剂的添加剂，能够达到润肠的效果，所以是无毒无害的产品。产品适用于酒店、宾馆、餐厅、野餐等各种餐饮场所中自助餐、小火锅的加热保温之需要。
产品特点
(1)安全：液态环保安全燃料主要成分，经公安部消防检测，属非易燃品。遇明火不易燃烧，俗称“可灭火的燃油”。
(2)环保：液态环保安全燃料主要成分，经过卫生检疫部门检测，属无毒品。 本产品为无色无味透明液体，燃烧时没有任何异味，不产生对人体有害物质，对人体无任何危害。
(3)实用：液态环保安全燃料燃烧时间更长，中途无需添加燃料。
(4)节能：液态环保安全燃料经植物提炼，融合多种添加剂精致加工而成，火力强劲稳定且调节自如，燃烧充分，无任何浪费。
(5)方便：罐体小，携带方便。燃烧罐体不烫手，不传热、不伤炉具，炉具可放于任何台面，就餐数小时后，不必担心台面受损，使用方便，安全。
(6)储运：液态环保安全燃料不易挥发、易储存、易运输、无隐患。
选择我公司产品的理由：
一、 我公司产品已经通过以下权威部门检测
1.北京市疾病预防控制中心
检测报告：样品受理编号： XXXXXXXXXXXX
检测结果：无毒无害，对皮肤无刺激性。
2.公安部天津消防研究所
测试报告：公津消检[2011]第49号
检测结果：开杯闪点126度，不属于易燃易爆品。
3.上海化工研究院检测中心
货物运输条件鉴定书：样品受理号： NO： XXXXX XXXX
检测结果：
1.危险性识别：无
2.按照GB12268-2005办理的类项：该货物为普通货物。
3.包装要求：可按普通货物条件办理。
4.爆炸危险性鉴定：该货物无爆炸危险性。
5.易燃危险性鉴定：该货物不属于3类易燃液体。
6.毒害危险性鉴定：该货物不属6.1项毒害品。
二、我公司已投保太平洋保险公司产品责任险，据我所了解，同行业还没有为此产品投保的先例。我们的产品让您和客户在使用上可以更安心。
公司地址：北京市房山区良乡政通路西里2号楼417-2室
公司电话：
公司网址：
联系人：
顺颂商祺!
年XX月XX日
日期：date: 23 december XX
地址：mr.james green
sales manager
bbb plc
55-60 old st, london e6 6hg
称谓：dear mr.green(dear gentlemen, dear sir, dear sirs, dear madam)
2.the body part of a business letter
标题（可以不要）
正文
3.look at the two endings of business letter below.notice the useful phrases that are used in these letters.(1)please let me know if this is convenience.i look forward to hearing from you.best wishes
yours sincerely,(signature)
ms.gillian janes
personnel nanager
(2)please phone us to confirm the details.we look forward to receiving your comments.yours faithfully
(signature)
for ms.gillian jones
各构成要素在信中的排列如下: Letterhead 信头 Reference Number 案号 Date 发信日期 Inside Address 封内名称及地址 Particular Address 特定收信人名称住址 Salutaion 称呼 Letter Subject 信件事由 Body 信文 Complimentary Close 结尾敬语 Signature 署名 Reference Notation 经办人 Enclosure 附件 Postscript 附言 函件中的称呼： 英文函件中的称呼（Salutation ）相当于我国书信中的“先生”这一礼貌称呼，公司等商业书信的尊称以Sirs,Dear Sirs,Gentlemen最为常见。Sirs是较为正式的礼貌称呼，通常用于公文中。 Dear Sirs──用于称呼公司。英国人习惯上比较喜欢用Dear Sirs,而且Dear Sirs后用逗号。 ________________________________________________________________ 范例： 市长先生，女士们，先生们： 我们很高兴来到你们可爱的城市──武汉。现在我们又来到东湖高新技术开发区。这是我们两市之间关系日益密切的又一个象征。 可以肯定地说，在我们短暂的逗留期间我们已经取得了丰硕的成果。 我们已经签订了8个协议，两倍于我们双方过去签订的协议数字的总和。更重要的是，我们又一次看到了你们的人民，并和他们进行了广泛的接触交谈。我们和你们在同一张桌子上进餐、饮酒，在同一张桌上谈判，一起分享忧虑和欢乐。这一切使我们之间的相互尊重得到增强，使我们之间的友谊得到了巩固。对此，我表示衷心的祝贺。 现在我提议：为我们的主人及中国人民的健康，为我们个人间的关系以及科技商务往来的增强，为我们下次访问你们美丽的都市及你们的回访干杯！
一、词汇特征
1. 用词正式。
英语商务信函在一定程度上意味着该企业对对方的承诺, 这一特殊作用要求英语商务信函在措辞上更规范, 更正式。因此, 英语商务信函习惯使用书面词汇替代口语词汇, 例如, 以by virtue of代替because of, 以be in a position to do代替be able to do, 以cease to do代替stop to do, 以otherwise代替or;以介词短语代替简单的介词, 使语言显得更正式和严肃, 如以in respect to, in connection with和with regarding to等代替about。
2. 用词专业。
在对外贸易活动的操作过程中, 经过长期的商业实践, 英语商务信函用词经常使用大量的约定俗成的专业术语、行话、外来词、缩略语等商业用词, 以便于精确地表达概念, 使英语商务信函比较庄重。例如, trimming charges, Offer, status quo, L/C等在普通的英语信函中并不常见。
3. 用词具体。
商务信函体现出的信息都是确切的, 具体的, 不会含糊其辞。在信函中几乎不会出现大概、也许、不一定等词汇。准确性主要体现在数量词的大量运用。商务信函中的时间、价格、数量、金额、规格等问题贯穿商贸活动始终, 数字的表达应言之确凿, 避免摸棱两可。例如:The vender shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June15, 2011. (卖方须于2011年6月15日或之前将货物交给买方。) 该句明确了具体时间, 而不好用next month或tomorrow等模糊词汇。
二、句法特征
1. 主要使用陈述句。
从地位上看, 收信人和发信人双方是平等的关系。因此, 英语商务信函中多使用语气委婉的陈述句来替代向对方发出要求的祈使句表示对对方的愿望或要求。至于对方是否会如愿采取行动, 则由对方定夺。例如:We should be pleased if you would give us further details of Chinese leather shoes. (如能告知中国皮鞋的其他详情, 将不胜感激。) 当交易双方意见不统一时, 信函的一方通常先肯定双方能够达成共识的部分, 然后再对不同意的内容以商量的口吻进行对话。例如:It would be better if…即使交易的一方在表达不愉快的情感时, 也会采用陈述事实等手段间接地表示出来。
2. 采用大量的并列句和复合句。
(1) 复合句与简单句结合, 以复合句为主:为了保证考究的句式和严密的逻辑性, 函电英语往往需要将连续的短句结合成一个独立的主从复合句或并列句。复杂句:The Credit could cover 65%of the local expenses if they are made under the responsibility of the British Contractor and within the limit of the down payments paid on the Contract, i.e., 10%as a maximum. (此项贷款可支付当地费用的65%。但此项费用必须是英国承包商直接负责支付的, 并必须在合同付款的幅度以内, 即最高不得超过合同金额的10%。) 该句是主从复合句, 由从属连词if引导的状语从句包含了两个前提条件, 使主句的行为范围受到严格限制, 从而使全句逻辑严密。
(2) 常用并列结构。用and连接并列结构, 使表达更精确。例:This contract is made by and between the two parties. (双方签定本合同。) 用or引导的选择性并列结构, 使内容更严谨全面。
(3) 状语位置独特。英语商务信函中, 较长的状语经常出现在主谓语之间, 一般文体的主谓语间不放长状语。例:The Contractor shall, if called upon so to do, enter into and execute the Contract, to be prepared and completed at the cost of the employer, in the form annexed to these conditions with such modification as may be necessary. (在被邀签约时, 承包人应同意签订并履行合同, 该合同是由业主按照本合同条件所附格式拟定, 如有必要可对其进行修改。该合同的拟定和签订费用由业主承担。) 商务函电的状语从句中, if, when, in case等连词与从句的主体之间可放谓语, 一般文体的状语从句中则不可。例:If, after 30 days from the commencement of such informal consultations, the parties fail to resolve amicably a contract dispute, either party hereto may require that the dispute be submitted to arbitration for resolution. (在非正式协商开始30天后, 如果双方仍不能友好地解决合同争端, 任何一方都可以要求将争端提交仲裁解决。)
3. 虚拟语气的运用。
虚拟语气可表达发信人的主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况, 并可使语气委婉, should, would, could, might等情态动词加实义动词, 可以准确表达发信人
三、语篇特征
与普通信函相比, 商务信函属于与对方联系业务的公函, 因此, 商务信函的书写格式要规范、措辞要严谨、内容要简洁。
从语篇内容上看, 本着一事一信、一段一主题的原则, 英语商务信函强调每封信函围绕一个重要内容展开叙述, 每个段落按照一个主题进行阐述, 避免拖沓冗长, 以便主旨明确, 能够使对方一目了然。
从篇章结构上看, 英语商务信函的格式比较固定, 通常由三部分构成, 具有程式化色彩。发信人通常在第一部分开门见山地表明写信的目的, 或回信时首先提及对方上次的来信, 使收信人尽快了解其意图;在第二段具体阐明中表达自己的建议或愿望结束信函。整个商务信函内容连贯, 层次清晰。
四、结语
英语商务信函在国际贸易往来中起着非常重要的作用。掌握英语商务信函的文体特征有助于企业借助有效的信函, 在交易中取得成功。
摘要：英语商务信函是国际贸易活动中的一种重要的交际手段。几乎每一笔业务, 从建立贸易往来关系, 到询盘、报盘、还盘及最终签订协议, 各个阶段都要经过买卖双方多次信函沟通才能达成交易。英语商务信函具有行业英语的特色。从文体学的角度分析, 英语商务信函从词汇、句法到语篇都有其独特之处。
关键词：英语商务信函,文体特征,规范
参考文献
[1]田兴斌.商务信函文体分析[J].保险职业学院学报, 2004, (4) :99-101
[2]诸葛霖.外贸英文书信[M].北京:北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社, 2003:1-20.
dear mr. / ms,
we should like to invite your corporation to attend the international fair which will be held from august 29 to september 4 at the above address. full details on the fair will be sent in a week.
we look forward to hearing from you soon, and hope that you will be able to attend.
yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
在上述地址，我们想请贵公司参加于八月二十九日到九月四日举办的2000国际商品交易会，关于交易会的详情我们一周内将寄给你。希望不久能收到你的来信，并能来参加。
您诚挚的
肯定答复
dear mr. / ms,
thank you for your letter of june 28 inviting our corporation to participate in the 2000 international fair. we are very pleased to accept and will plan to display our electrical appliances as we did in previous years.
mr. li will be in your city from july 2 to 7 to make specific arrangements and would very much appreciate your assistance.
yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
感谢六月二十八日来信邀请我们公司参加2000国际商品交易会。我们乐于参加并计划展示我们前几年生产的电子设备。李先生将于七月二日至七日去你市做具体安排，非常感谢你的协助。
你诚挚的
否定的答复
dear mr. / ms,
thank you very much for your invitation to attend the 2000 international fair. as we are going to open a repair shop in your city at that time, we are sorry that we shall not be able to come.
we hope to see you on some future occasion.
yours faithfully
尊敬的先生/小姐，
非常感谢您邀请我们参加2000国际商品交易会。由于我们将于同一时间到你市新开一家维修店，非常抱歉我们不能前去。
希望以后在某些场合见到您。
先生： Dear Sirs:
从贵处商会获悉贵公司行名和地址，并得知你们是一家大的钢铁出口商，具有多年经营经验。此类产品属于我公司业务范围，特致此函，以期与贵公司建立兴旺互利的贸易关系。We have got your name and address from your Chamber of Commerce and learned that you are a large exporter of iron and steel with many-year experiences in this field.As these products happen to fall in our line, we are glad to write to you in the hope of establishing our mutually beneficial business relationships
若贵公司能保证价格可行，品质优良，交期迅速，我们将能大量订货。为此，特请提供你们最新的全套目录和各项出口产品的价目表。如蒙尽速办理，当不胜感激。
If you can assure us an acceptable price, excellent quality and speedy delivery, we might be able to place a large order.We, therefore, suggest that you should send us a complete set of your latest catalogues together with a price list of all your export products.It will be greatly appreciated if you will pay your attention to it as soon as possible.至于我们的信用情况，可向当地的中国银行查询。
As to our credit standing, we suggest you refer to the Bank of China at your end.谅能惠予合作，预致谢意。
We are looking forward to your cooperation and thank you in advance.谨上
商务信函是商务交流的一种重要方式。通过它人们可以交流信息、联系业务、商谈贸易、处理问题、传递友谊等。在商务活动中, 以书信洽谈业务时, 双方不能相互见面, 只靠文字来传递信息和情感, 信函的语言表达直接影响到交易的成败及合作关系的建立, 其重要性不容忽视。商务英语因其语言、知识、交际技巧、商务特点、文化背景等因素而形成了自己的特点。一般来说, 商务英语信函应遵循7C原则。即:礼貌原则 (courtesy) 、体谅原则 (consideration) 、完整原则 (completeness) 、清楚原则 (clarity) 、简洁原则 (conciseness) 、具体原则 (concreteness) 和正确原则 (correctness) 。礼貌、文雅的语言不仅能显示商务工作者自身的良好素质, 而且有助于树立良好的企业形象, 建立合作关系, 促进业务, 加强往来。收到对方订单时的感谢、给对方带来损失时的抱歉、拒绝对方要求时的婉转语气等等都是礼貌原则的体现。本文从词汇和句型两方面着手, 探讨在商务英语信函写作中如何具体运用礼貌原则, 提高商务英语信函写作技能。
2 礼貌原则下商务英语信函的词汇策略
2.1 积极词汇
否定和消极的话语常给人不友好、不愉快的感觉, 还可能恶化双方关系;而友好、肯定的表达能够显示出对对方的尊重, 能够使对方身心愉悦, 也就更容易使对方接受自己的观点, 有利于双方的合作。故商务信函写作中要尽量淡化对方做得不妥、失误及所提条件对我方不利的一面, 强化其值得肯定的、积极的一面。特别是在有关催款、投诉、索赔等信函中, 即便错不在己方, 也要把消极的表达藏于积极的表达之中。在信函中, 应当选择一些含有积极情感意义的词语如:please, satisfy, oblige, accurate, welcome等。而尽量避免使用表示否定及不良情绪的词语, 如:dissatisfied, disappointing, error, mistake, failure, not, trouble, defective, bad, impossible, inconvenience, fail, delay, ignore, forget, omit, destroy, ruin, complaint, inefficiency, claim, defective等。试比较:
(1) Please do not be late in submitting your application for the L/C.
(2) Please submit your application for the L/C promptly.
(1) We have received your complaint about the late arrival of the samples.
(2) Thank you for calling our attention to the late arrival of the samples.
(1) We are sorry you are dissatisfied with the service.
(2) We appreciate your frank comments.
针对同一件事的评论, (2) 句与 (1) 句表述的角度不同, (2) 句使用了积极词汇, (1) 句使用了消极词汇。显然, (2) 句比 (1) 句表达的意义更积极, 效果更好。
2.2 模糊限制词语
模糊限制语能提高话语的含蓄性和委婉度, 使对方不丢面子或不难堪。模糊限制语分为两类:变动型模糊限制语和缓和型模糊限制语。变动型模糊限制语的主要作用是对话语的真实性和涉及的程度进行修正。例如:使用a little, roughly, greatly, approximately, very, highly, quite等模糊限制语来增加感谢、赞誉的程度。缓和型模糊限制语是指在不改变话语的条件下, 使语气趋向缓和的词语。其在表明意图的同时, 能避免并表达上过于武断和直接, 淡化负面效应, 照顾对方心理和感受。例如:使用I’m afraid, I wonder, It seems, We’d like to, I suppose, probably, It is said等模糊限制语来减缓语气。例如:
(1) We were very pleased to receive your reply of March 8.
(2) Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated.
(1) 句中的very、 (2) 句中的highly如去掉, 句子意思没有变化, 但是语气就大大减弱, 不能更好表达喜悦、感谢之情和对对方的赞誉之情。又如:
(1) We’d like to remind you that the payment for the shipment hasn’t been made yet.
(2) I’m afraid that the price you offered is out of line with prevailing market level.
这两句话使用了限制模糊语之后, 大大降低了要求和责备的语气, 显得客气、尊重, 使对方更容易接受。
2.3 人称代词you/your
在商务信函中, 礼貌原则要求写信人不能只考虑自己的感受, 而应该尽量以他人为重, 从对方利益出发, 站在对方立场上, 设身处地地为对方考虑;并从对方的角度看问题、阐明问题、表达我方的意愿。这样做能够使对方的情感、态度等向积极的方向发展, 从而达到我方的目的。因此, 要多使用突出对方的第二人称代词you或第二人称物主代词your, 而减少第一人称代词I, we和物主代词my, our的使用。试比较以下句子:
(1) We are confident in our new energy-saving car.
(2) You will find our new energy-saving car satisfying.
(1) 句以第一人称we做主语, 直接表达了写信人对新产品的信心。 (1) 句虽合情合理, 但没有完全采取对方立场。用“我们认为”这种句型一定程度上是以自我的标准为中心, 没能令对方感觉到是从对方角度考虑, 没能把对方利益放在首位, 没能实现让对方觉得受到尊重和重视的目的, 而且有自以为是之嫌。 (2) 句以第二人称代词you开头, 通过设想对方对新车的感受, 间接表达了我方对新车的信心, 既传递了信息又给对方很大的尊重, 显得更礼貌体贴, 使对方更易于接受。再如:
The car you ordered comes in seven brilliant colors.Please indicate your choice on the enclosed form.
该句不仅尊重对方, 而且体现了写信人能够替对方着想。附上订单, 对方填上信息即可, 表现得体贴周到, 当然有助于促进双方良好关系的发展。
3 礼貌原则下商务英语信函的句型特点
3.1 过去时态的疑问句
在商务英语信函中, 为避免过于生硬或强势, 在向对方提出要求或建议时, 常使用过去时态的疑问句形式, 来使语气变得委婉、礼貌, 使指令变得间接、不唐突、不逼人。试比较:
(1) I want to have a look at your specification first.
(2) Could you show me your specification first?
(1) Make payment by confirmed irrevocable L/C soon.
(2) Could you make payment by confirmed irrevocable L/Csoon?
(1) 句显然从说话人的角度出发, 有命令的语气, 没考虑对方的感受。 (2) 句以过去式疑问句的形式提出建议, 尽管实际上是一种要求, 但是表达上像是一种请求, 故维护了对方面子和尊严。
3.2 被动语态
在国际贸易中, 总会出现交易条件不理想的情况, 也时还会出现贸易纠纷。但即使写信人有理有据, 也需要心平气和、语气委婉地与对方沟通。被动语态不强调动作的发出者, 而是含蓄地指出对方的过失、不足或任何不良情况。其所表达的话语不是针对对方的, 而只是间接地向对方提出要求。所以, 它使请求听起来比较温和, 对方易更于接受。例如:
(1) Upon taking delivery of the cargo, we have found that you only shipped 900 cartons against 1100 cartons.
(2) Upon taking delivery of the cargo, we have found that 900cartons were shipped against 1100 cartons.
(1) You forgot to enclose the sample in the letter.
(2) The sample was not enclosed in the letter.
(1) Obviously you made a very careless mistake.
(2) A very careless mistake was made.
(1) 句强调的是施动者本身, 直接表达了对收信人的责备, 但如果过错是由于他人造成的, 这样的句式就容易使对方受到伤害, 很容易引起对方反感, 甚至影响双方关系。 (2) 句为被动句, 省掉了施动者, 强调的重点转为施动对象及行为, 我们只知道出错这一事实, 但不知道是谁出的错。写信人不是在追究是谁的责任, 只是提示应该马上解决问题, 语气委婉, 给对方留了面子, 使对方也就摆脱了尴尬的境地。写信人在这一点上是故意含糊的, 这种含糊在拒绝信中是很适用的。
3.3 虚拟语气
在商务英语信函中常用虚拟语气来淡化语气。虚拟语气可以委婉礼貌地提出希望或意见, 能以友好协商的口吻表现出对对方的尊重, 具有更多的磋商余地, 有利于达成贸易协议。例如:
(1) We would be very grateful if you could let us take delivery before June.
(2) Should the goods happen to be unavailable for supply, would you please be so kind as to offer the nearest specifications?
(1) We would ask you to open L/C soon.
(2) I wish we were able to accept your recommendation.
上面两组例句中, (2) 句使用了虚拟语气, 表示出了说话人的礼貌和客气和为对方着想, 与其相比, (1) 句显得有些唐突、生硬。
总之, 随着经济全球化的发展及我国对外贸易的不断增加, 商务英语信函在国际商务活动中将越来越多地被运用。商务英语信函中的礼貌原则是国际经济交往的普遍要求, 其核心是一切为对方着想。一封彬彬有礼的商务信函, 能增强贸易双方彼此间的情感, 提高交易成功的可能性。反之, 一封礼貌欠佳、用语不当的信函, 则会给一个公司带来负面的评价和不良影响。国际商务人员应该熟练地掌握和运用这种技巧, 提高商务英语信函写作的质量, 保障商务活动顺利进行。
摘要：商务英语信函在国际商务活动中起着重要作用。本文通过综合分析和大量实例的比较, 论述了商务英语信函写作应坚持礼貌原则, 并从词语、句子两个层面归纳出了体现礼貌原则的主要方法。
关键词：商务英语信函,礼貌原则
参考文献
[1]Leech, G.Principles of Pragmatics[M].London:Longman, 1983.
[2]葛丽芳, 商务英语写作中的礼貌研究[J].河南大学学报 (社会科学版) , 2006 (4) .
[3]周瑞琪, 语用原则在商务英语信函写作中的运用[J].广东外语外贸大学学报, 2007 (1) .
[4]陈楚君.礼貌原则在商务英语信函中的运用[J].重庆工商大学学报 (社会科学版) , 2008 (3) .
Dear Mr./ Ms, Owing to the large increase in the volume of our trade with this country we have decided to open a branch here, with Mr.Wang Lo as manager.The new branch will open on 1st March and from that date all orders and inquiries should be sent to Mr.Wang Lo at the above address, instead of to our London office.We take this opportunity to express our thanks for your cooperation in the past.We hope the new arrangements will lead to even better results.Yours faithfully
歇业 Discontinuation of business
Dear Mr/Ms, With the demolition of our premises at the above address under a redevelopment scheme, the part of our business carried on there will be discontinued after the end of October.On Monday, 1st October, we are holding a closing-out sale.Stock on hand will be cleared regardless of cost.There will be substantial reductions in all departments and in some cases, prices will be marked down by as much as one half.Stock to be cleared is unrivaled in both variety and quality.As the sale is likely to be well attended, we hope you make a point of visiting the store as early as possible during the opening days.Yours faithfully
更改名称和地址 Change of name and address
Dear Mr./ Ms, At our company meeting on 4 September, it was decided that the name of our company would be changed to CNMIEC Lee Co.At the same time, it was decided to move the company from the above address to No3-6 Broadway Street.We will appreciate your informing the appropriate departments of these changes.Yours faithfully
新的任命 New appointment
Dear Mr./ Ms, We wish to notify you that Mr.Robert Smart, who has been our representative in Southwest England for the past seven years has left our service and therefore no longer has authority to take orders or collect accounts on our behalf.We have appointed Mr.Fred Peterson in his place.Mr.Peterson has for many years been on our sales force and is thoroughly familiar with the needs of customers in your area.We trust you will have good cooperation from him.Yours faithfully
公司的建立与重组Establishment or reorganization of company
Dear Mr./ Ms, We are pleased to announce that as of 1st June our firm will merge with D & W Co.of this town to form the new firm of CN/CW Co.The new firm will carry on business at 6 Rue de Toqueville, Tripoli, to which address please send all communications after 31st May.We appreciate the confidence you have placed in us in the past and look forward to continued dealings with you.Yours faithfully
咨询 Consultation
Dear Mr./ Ms, We are much concerned that your sales in recent months have fallen considerably.At first we thought this might be due to a slack market, but on looking into the matter more closely, we find that the general trend of trade during this period has been upwards.It is possible that you are facing difficulties of which we are not aware.If so, we would like to know what we can do to help.We, therefore, look forward to receiving from you a detailed report on the situation and suggestions as to how we may help in restoring our sales to their former level.Yours faithfully
道歉与解释Apology & Explanation
Dear Mr./ Ms, We are sorry we cannot send you immediately the catalogue and price list for which you asked in your letter of March 10.Supplies are expected from the printers in two weeks and as soon as we receive them, we will send you a copy.Yours faithfully
Dear Mr./ Ms, I was very concerned when I received your letter of yesterday complaining that the central heating system in your new house had not been completed by the date promised.On referring to our earlier correspondence, find that I had mistaken the date for completion.The fault is entirely mine and I deeply regret that it should have occurred.I realize the inconvenience our oversight must be causing you and will do everything possible to avoid any further delay.I have already given instructions for the work to have priority and the engineers working on the job to be placed on overtime.These arrangements should see the installation completed by next weekend.Yours faithfully
提示Attention
Dear Mr./ Ms, On 14 November I submitted a bill for services rendered to your office at the Lille International Exposition.More than a month has now elapsed without payment or acknowledgment of my bill.Please check this oversight, and remit payment at your earliest convenience.I look forward to future services to your corporation.Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.Yours faithfully
感谢信 Thank-You Letter
Dear Mr./ Ms, Thank you for your letter of June 4, enclosing an account of the organization and work of your Chamber of Commerce and Industry.We are very grateful for such a detailed account of your activities.This information is certain to help increase our future cooperation.Yours faithfully
祝贺信 Congratulation Letter
Dear Mr./ Ms, On the occasion of the 35th anniversary of your National Day, please accept our heartiest congratulations.May the trade connections between our countries continue to develop with each passing day!Yours faithfully Dear Mr.Minister
Allow me to convey my congratulations on your promotion to Minister of Trade.I am delighted that many years service you have given to your country should have been recognized and appreciated.We wish you success in your new post and look forward to closer cooperation with you in the development of trade between our two countries.Sincerely
Dear Mr./ Ms, Thank you for your letter conveying congratulations on my appointment.I wish also to thank you for the assistance you have given me in my work and look forward to better cooperation in the future.Sincerely
邀请与答复Invitation and Reply
Dear Mr./ Ms, We should like to invite your Corporation to attend the 1997 International Fair which will be held from April 29 to May 4 at the above address.Full details on the Fair will be sent in a week.We look forward to hearing from you soon, and hope that you will be able to attend.Yours faithfully
Dear Mr./ Ms, Thank you for your letter of March 20 inviting our corporation to participate in the 1997 International Fair.We are very pleased to accept and will plan to display our electrical appliances as we did in previous years.Mr.Li will be in your city from April 2 to 7 to make specific arrangements and would very much appreciate your assistance.Yours faithfully
Dear Mr./ Ms, Thank you very much for your invitation to attend the 1997 International Fair.As we are going to open a repair shop in your city at that time, we are sorry that we shall not be able to come.We hope to see you on some future occasion.Yours faithfully
宣布访问Declaring A Visit
Dear Mr./ Ms, Mr.William Taylor, President of our Corporation and Mr.James Rogers, Marketing Manager, would like to visit Beijing to continue our discussions on a joint venture.They plan to leave in the second half of April and stay in China about a week.Please let us know if the planned visit is convenient for you and what itinerary you would suggest.If the time of their visit is agreeable, will you kindly request your Embassy here to issue the necessary visa? Yours faithfully
活动安排Activity Arrangement
Dear Mr./ Ms, We are very pleased to welcome President William Taylor and Manager James Rogers to Beijing and Shanghai in the second half of April for about a week.As requested, we propose the following itinerary for your consideration.Would you please confirm by fax so that we can make arrangements accordingly.Yours faithfully
第一种、介绍信 Letters of Introduction
Dear Mr./ Ms.，This is to introduce Mr.Frank Jones, our new marketing specialist who will be in London from April 5 to mid April on business.We shall appreciate any help you can give Mr.Jones and will always be happy to reciprocate.Yours faithfully
Dear Mr./ Ms，We are pleased to introduce Mr.Wang You, our import manager of Textiles Department.Mr.Wang is spending three weeks in your city to develop our business with chief manufactures and to make purchases of decorative fabrics for the coming season.We shall be most grateful if you will introduce him to reliable manufacturers and give him any help or advice he may need.Yours faithfully
第二种、约定 Appointments
Dear Mr./Ms，Mr.John Green, our General Manager, will be in Paris from June 2 to 7 and would like to come and see you, say, on June 3 at 2.00 p.m.about the opening of a sample room there.Please let us know if the time is convenient for you.If not, what time you would suggest.Yours faithfully，Dear Mr./ Ms，Thank you for your letter informing us of Mr.Green’s visit during June 2-7.Unfortunately, Mr.Edwards, our manager, is now in Cairo and will not be back until the second half of June.He would, however, be pleased to see Mr.Green any time after his return.We look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully，Dear Mr/Ms，I represent the W/P Electronics Company in Dallas, and will be in Kunming from next Monday to Friday,(October 5-9).I should like to call on you to discuss our new monitor.Would 0930 hours on Tuesday, October 6 be convenient?
I shall be in Beijing, at the Great Wall Hotel, from Tuesday, September 29, until Sunday, October 4, where a message will reach me.If the day is not convenient, will you please suggest another.Yours faithfully
Dear Mr/Ms, Thank you for your letter of September 26.We shall be very pleased to see you and discuss your new monitor, but October 6 is not suitable.We will be happy to meet with you at 9:30 a.m.on Wednesday, October 7, if the time is convenient for you.We look forward to meeting you.Yours faithfully
Dear Mr./ Ms，I am at present in Hamburg visiting the harbour with a view to making known our new type of container for use in Europe.I shall be in Antwerp on Wednesday, 4th June, and should like to call on you at 2.00 p.m.on that day.If I do not hear from you to the contrary, I shall assume that it will be convenient for me to call at that time.Yours faithfully
4.Dear Mr./ Ms，Mr.Jack Baron, our personnel director, has asked me to acknowledge your application for the post of accountant and to ask you to come to see him on Friday afternoon, 5th July, at half past two.I will appreciate your letting me know whether you will be able to come.Yours faithfully
Dear Mr./ Ms，Thank you for your letter of yesterday inviting me to come for an interview on Friday afternoon, 5th July, at 2:30.I shall be happy to be there as requested and will bring my diploma and other papers with me.Yours faithfully
第三种、通知与确认Acknowledgments & Confirmations 通知对方接到来信Acknowledging receipt of letters 1.Dear Mr./ Ms，Thank you for your letter No.A-3 of 6th May, offering us 6 UI-4 Viewdatas.We have passed it on to our Technical Department for their consideration.We shall reply as soon as possible.Yours faithfully 2.Dear Mr/Ms，We have today received with thanks information concerning transactions on the New York Wheat Exchange which will be made full use of by our research department.We look forward to further cooperation with you.Yours faithfully
确认达成的协议 Confirming agreements reached 3.Dear Mr./ Ms，Last Friday, when we were discussing the problems of defective containers.You suggested that I simply mail you a report each month on the number of return by customers rather than send the defective containers to you.I plan to put this into effect at once.But, I first want to make sure that I understand you correctly.If I don’t hear from you within the coming week, I’ll assume that you approve.Yours faithfully 4.Dear Mr/Ms，We write to confirm our agreement reached during our conversation on 9th June about special discounts on M-S Acoustical Partitions as described on page 8 of our catalogue.These prices will prevail through 30 June.We will be happy to receive your order Yours sincerely 5.Dear Mr/Ms，As our telephone negotiation this morning was very brief and proceeded so smoothly, I thought it might be advisable to summarize the agreement:
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