初一上词汇复习题（精选8篇）
一、选择题：（4分*5=20分）
1、在杠杆上用力的位置叫（A）A、用力点B、阻力点C、支点D、动力臂
2、当用力点的距离等于阻力点的距离时，杠杆（B）A、省力B、不省力也不费力C、费力D、无法确定
3、旗杆顶部的滑轮属于（C）A、滑轮组B、动滑轮C、定滑轮D、无法确定
4、在燃料、食物和一些化学物质中的能量叫做（D）A、电能B、光能C、热能D、化学能
5、在植物王国中，已发现的种类有多少种（C）A、10多万种B、20多万种C、30多万种D、100多万种
二、将下列植物和种类用线连接起来：（3分*6=18分）葫芦藓凤仙花不开花植物 海带 杨树
苔藓开花植物 茶花
三、简答题：（12分）
多种多样的植物中绿色开花植物的结构分为哪些器官？ 答：根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子。
初一科学（上）复习题
一、选择题：（4分*5=20分）
1、在杠杆上用力的位置叫（）A、用力点B、阻力点C、支点D、动力臂
2、当用力点的距离等于阻力点的距离时，杠杆（）A、省力B、不省力也不费力C、费力D、无法确定
3、旗杆顶部的滑轮属于（）A、滑轮组B、动滑轮C、定滑轮D、无法确定
4、在燃料、食物和一些化学物质中的能量叫做（）A、电能B、光能C、热能D、化学能
5、在植物王国中，已发现的种类有多少种（）A、10多万种B、20多万种C、30多万种D、100多万种
二、将下列植物和种类用线连接起来：（3分*6=18分）葫芦藓
凤仙花不开花植物 海带 杨树
苔藓开花植物 茶花
三、简答题：（10分）
1. Call Tom a____ 306-983569.
2. My uncle and my father are b____.
3. He is English. His f____ name is Brown.
4. I play football with my friends e____ day.
5. Kate Green’s p____ are Mr. and Mrs. Green.
6. He is my father, but I am not his son. I’m his d____.
7. I don’t like swimming. It’s b____.
8. Vegetables and fruit are h____ food.
9. Let’s eat some bread and eggs for b____ this morning.
10. I like these storybooks. They are very i____.
11. We h____ socks at a very good price.
12. Leila’s birthday p____ is on July tenth.
13. The students have a football g____ every week.
14. I t____ an umbrella with me.
15. Do you want to know a____ our school?
16. Mr. Smith goes to work at 8 in the evening. He works all n____.
17. Shanghai is a big c____.
18. Jack has P.E. only on F____.
19. He usually takes a s____ after supper.
20. The letter can bring the best w____ to you.
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. He has ten ____(tomato). How about you?
2. My sister’s name is Han Mei. She is good at ____(run).
3. Where ____(be) the strawberries?
4. I ____(real) like ice cream and salad.
5. ____(do) your father and mother do the same work?
6. Sorry, I don’t know ____(her).
7. How ____(much) hamburgers do you have?
8. What can you see in ____(this) pictures?
9. My friend Jim plays computer games very ____(good).
10. Gina has a lot of sports ____(collection).
11. My brother is a good ____(run).
12. Tom ____(have) a tennis racket.
13. The ____(China) people are very friendly.
14. We study for ____(our), not for our teacher.
15. Her father is a great ____(music).
16. David is ten ____(year) old.
17. He plays football very ____(good).
18. Put ____(they) over there, please.
19. My ____(mother) mother is my grandmother.
20. He only ____(watch) games on TV.
21. The ____(twelve) month of a year is December.
22. How many ____(foot) does a robot have?
23. Are the twins in different ____(class)?
24. There are three ____(knife) on the desk.
25. There aren’t ____(some) pictures on the wall.
Ⅲ.用适当的介、副词填空，使句意完整、正确。
1. The girl ____ red is my sister.
2. Let’s have a look ____ your new computer.
3. The black sweaters are ____ sale ____ $80.
4. He often goes ____ movies ____ his parents.
5. Please listen ____ the teacher carefully in class.
6. I usually write ____ my pen friends ____ Sunday.
7. What time does school start ____ China?
8. Thanks ____ your help.
9. ____ breakfast I go ____ school ____ bike.
10. Please write and tell me ____ your school.
11. His father is very strict ____ him.
12. The bus takes her to work ____ 7:30 every day.
13. That boy may be our teacher’s son. He looks ____ him.
14. If you ask me any questions, please call me ____ 333-68569.
15. Can you help me ____ my English?
Ⅳ.用划线单词的反义词或对应词填空。
1. Li Ming isn’t here. He is ____.
2. We go to school in the day and sleep in the ____.
3. Is your ruler long or ____?
4. These are footballs. ____ are basketballs.
5. His name is Jim Green. Jim is his first name. Green is his ____ name.
6. My uncle has a son and a ____.
7. Bob, they are my father and ____.
8. We usually sell things and ____ things from the supermarket.
9. Please open the window and ____ the door.
10. Sally likes red and ____ green.
11. This problem is not easy, so it’s ____.
12. Today my uncle isn’t free. He is ____.
13. Your room is very clean, but mine is ____.
14. Jim is a boy and Kate is a ____.
15. Susan gets up early on school days, but she gets up ____ on weekends.
Ⅴ.选择适当的词并用其适当形式填空。
look/watch/read/see
1. Does she like ____ a football game?
2. The two boys are ____ English now.
3. ____ at my pictures, please.
4. Can you ____ the words on the blackboard?
date/day
5. What ____ is it today?
6. Give me your name, address, ____ of birth.
7. I can go to my grandmother’s house on New Year’s ____.
job/work
8. I have a lot of ____ to do today.
9. Tom has a good ____ in a factory.
10. Her mother ____ in the school.
say/speak/talk/tell
11. I can ____ English, but not Japanese.
12. Please ____ him the news.
13. Let’s ____ about it now.
14. How do you ____ it in English?
little/a little
15. Be quick. There is ____ time left.
16. Don’t worry. We have ____ time.
17. I have ____ paper. Can you give me some?
18. Tom speaks Chinese well, but Tim can speak only ____.
very/very much
19. I like the new bike ____.
20. She sings ____ well.
Ⅵ.根据句意，完成括号中汉语的英译。
1. She has two ____（钢琴）.
2. My ____（最好的） friend is Li Hong.
3. Can he play ____（国际象棋）？
4. Who is your ____（历史） teacher？
5. Mary’s ____（生日） is March 8th.
6. Mr. Smith has one son and two ____（女儿）.
7. It’s a very ____（成功的） thriller， but I think it’s scary.
8. They don’t like to listen to his ____（演讲）.
9. We want to watch a ____（排球赛）.
10. Sandra can ____（也） play football.
11. Barry’s brother is a ____（职员） in this office.
12. For dinner， he likes ____（汉堡包） and chicken.
13. There is a ____ ____ ____（失物招领） on the wall.
14. Mike enjoys playing the ____（吉他）.
15. Every day we eat lots of ____（蔬菜和水果）.
16. Where are my keys？I can’t ____（寻找） them.
17. Ann’s e-mail ____（地址） is apple8653@126.com.
18. After swimming we are very ____（累的）.
19. Our school have an Art ____（节日） every year.
20. Can you ask some ____（问题）？
在院子里乘凉，老是看见邻家一个小男孩吃葡萄时把葡萄核埋在一个装满土的花盆里。起先，我并不在意，看久了，便问：’你怎么老把葡萄核埋在花盆里?’
’我想种出葡萄来。’他头都不抬。
’可种葡萄是用葡萄藤插栽呀，你这样种不出来的。’
’知道。’
’那你干吗还这样?’我好奇了。
’种葡萄非要用葡萄藤吗?我想创造奇迹。’孩子抬起头，眼里贮满了希望。
过后，总看见男孩精心地为他种下的葡萄浇水，然后就蹲在花盆前发呆，眼中尽是希望，以至于院子里其他小孩叫他去玩，他也不理。显然，他沉浸在他的希望里。
男孩的家长几天后才发现男孩的古怪。这天，家里正好酱油用完了，男孩正蹲在门外，他父亲叫他买酱油，连叫了几声，没人应，出去一看，发现男孩呆呆地蹲在花盆前，父亲便说：’你蹲在这里干什么?叫你几声都听不见，你心到哪去了?买酱油去!’说着，便递钱给了孩子。
过了很久，男孩还没把酱油买回采，孩予的父亲慌了，忙走出去。一出门，就见孩子还蹲在门口的花盆前，手里捏着他给的钱。
孩子的父亲生气了，过去一把扯着孩于的手，呵斥道：’你怎么搞的?叫你去买酱油，你还死在这里?’
孩子的心思还在花盆里，葡萄核栽进去很久了，还没发芽，孩子有些失望了，他说：’我在想，这葡萄怎么不发芽?’
孩于的父亲听了，更气了，大声说：’以前就跟你说过，你这样做没用，你真是执迷不悟。’说着打了孩子一个耳光，并举起花盆，把它摔碎了。
孩子看着满地的泥土与碎片，哭了。
男孩毕竟还小，他在沉默了几天后又恢复了以往的活泼，又开始和院子里的小孩一起玩。
一星期后，也在乘凉的时候，我看见院里的一个女孩吃葡萄时也把葡萄核埋在花盆里，我想过去告诉她葡萄按长不出葡萄，但还没等我过去，男孩也看见了，男孩走了过去，跟女孩说：’你怎么老把葡萄核埋在花盆里?’
’我想种出葡萄来。’
’种葡萄要用葡萄藤插栽，你这样种不出的。’
’知道。’
’那你干吗还这样?’
’种葡萄非要用葡萄藤吗?我想创造奇迹。’女孩抬起头，眼里贮满了希望。
男磕说：’真的，你这样做没用，我以前也这样做过，没用的。’
’种下去要每天浇水，你知道吗?’男孩点点头，张开嘴，还想说些什么，但什么也没说就跑回屋子。
几天后，女孩的花盆里居然长出嫩嫩的葡萄藤来，女孩开心极了。我看见她把院子里的小孩都叫去看，也叫了男孩，但男孩没去，男孩在一群孩子围着花盆时，一个人躲在一边流泪了。
我看见男孩流泪，走过去，我说：’你怎么在这里流泪?’
男孩又说’葡萄藤是女孩的父亲插下去的，我看见了。’
男孩又说：’她父亲真好。’说着，男孩呜呜地哭了。
1．这篇文章写了两件事，试用尽可能简洁的语言概括这两件事的内容。
答：第一件事：___________________________________________
第二件事：_____________________ ___________________
2．这篇文章的题目含义丰富引人深思。作者为什么要以’萌芽’为题呢?谈谈你的理解。
3．阅读下面语句，回答问题。
(1)男孩点点头，张开嘴，还想说些什么，但什么也没说就跑回屋子。
假如你是这个男孩，此时还想说些什么呢?写在下面。
(2)男孩说：’葡萄藤是女孩的父亲插下去的，我看见了。’
男孩又说：’她父亲真好。’说着，男孩呜呜地哭了。
男孩为什么称赞女孩的父亲’真好’?(二)明天的太阳城
①在不久的将来，德国将出现一座全新的城市——完全采用太阳能作为能源的太阳城。
②在这座城市，到处都是蓝色的太阳能转换器，建筑物的房顶在太阳光的照耀下闪烁着蓝色的光芒。这里没有烟囱，没有油加热的装置，房屋的形状千姿百态，有的如彩色的金字塔，有的如正在生长的向日葵。这些房屋通过巨大的玻璃窗吸收太阳能，并如同瓷砖壁炉那样可在以后慢慢地将热量释放出来。
③在房内外安装有热交换器，在地下室中有着蓄能器。所谓热交换，就是将热量从热的物体传递给冷的物体。太阳光使太阳能接收器加热，热量通过热交换器被接收或转换而储存起来。
④太阳城居民的生活方式会起新的变化。当太阳升起后，太阳能转换的电流就直接驱动洗衣机、冰箱、收音机、计算机等进行工作；由太阳能烧开的热水源源不断供应浴室、厨房。在多云的天气，这些太阳能转换器仍可接收到太阳能。在阴雨天，人们则可使用蓄能器中储存的太阳能。
⑤在这座城市，太阳能几乎被用于一切需要能源的地方。人们做饭使用太阳能炉，一个功率约1100瓦的太阳能炉可把饭在几分钟内煮熟；人们出门驾驶太阳能汽车，或乘太阳能电车、太阳能轮船，尽管其速度不很快，但没任何噪音。至于人们戴的手表，用的计算器，马路上的交通灯，工地上的安全灯，商店里的广告牌、霓红灯用的都是太阳能，人们不再需要为更换电池而烦恼。
⑥太阳城里不再有废气，太阳能汽车消耗的是干净的太阳能源或太阳能转换的电源。这些汽车上装着电池，当电消耗完时，开到“加能站”去补充能量，就像通常的汽车开到“加油站”去加油一样。只不过这些“加油站”没有通常的那种油罐，替代的是一个个电源插座，驾驶员只需把电池连接插头插到这些插座中就能充电。城市里不再有烟雾和怪味。
⑦太阳城，沐浴在太阳光下的城市，没有噪音，没有废气，到处是彩色的房屋，不需要为每天消耗的能源付费，这多么美好啊！因此尽管有很多难题，太阳能技术仍一直处于研究的热点中，无数的新工艺和方法也得到各种试验，德国也 有企业开始出口某些太阳能系统，这些太阳能系统在阳光充足的地区特别有用。⑧可以预见，尽管要走的路还很长，但新型的太阳城一定会出现。4．请简述太阳城的主要特点。
5．一个家庭要利用太阳能，主要装置有。
6．利用太阳能，有哪些优点?(请用原文中的句子回答)
7．分别概括②③段和④⑤段的大意。
答：②③段的大意为：
；
④⑤段的大意为：。
8．“尽管有很多难题，太阳能技术仍一直处于研究的热点中。”如果你将来从事太阳能研究，读了这篇文章，你觉得太阳能技术有哪些难题值得研究?
(三)金色花
偶尔看见人家阳台上五彩缤纷，煞是艳羡，激起我养花的兴致。我从朋友家里陆续弄了一些花草来，海棠、月季、文竹„„开始还能记着浇水、松土，但到底很难始终不渝。我才意识到，养花并非什么闲情逸致，完全是勤快人的事。
只有仙人掌活下来了。
不论阴晴雨雪，也不论那一小盆泥土如何枯涸龟裂，它总是绿而挺拔，每一根刺都伸出渴求的喙，贪婪地啄食着阳光、空气。可这并未给我带来欢欣。它既不美，也不雅。我只是不无遗憾地想，为什么美的总是那么娇弱，而不美的却总是那么_______呢？要是海棠、月季、文竹也是这样易于生活该有多好啊。对于它的存在，我却不再关心。
许久后的黄昏，我倚着阳台望远，无意瞥见了这盆仙人掌。它竟横竖添了许多新节，刀戟般凛凛叉开，待细看时，我都忍不住大笑起来。不是么，且不说它的大小掌节是怎样歪歪斜斜，怪模怪样，只是那绿色的掌面吧，竟皱皱巴巴，细纹密布，像一张老人的脸。我越看越觉得它丑„„我真不知道，它会怎样疯长下去。也许叫它死去比叫它活着困难一百倍。这可怕的东西！
我的养花历史就此告一段落，自然是没有养出一朵花来。谁想夏天以后，竟发生了奇迹。
久雨后的清晨，推开阳台门，蛋青色的光亮和泉水般的空气扑面而来。我感到那盆仙人掌上有一大团很耀眼的东西。是霞光吗？是雨水折射的太阳吗？我定睛一看，什么，是花？
是的，是一朵花，并且是一朵异常漂亮的花，金黄色，十二片绸缎般富有光泽的花瓣，敏感地轻颤着流苏般柔软的花穗，细密地遍布着雪乳般滋润的花粉。它凝然静立，却闪烁着宫殿般辉煌灿烂的光芒„„
这是我看过的最美的花！
此刻，仙人掌骄傲地高擎着它。仙人掌上的皱纹是愈加深刻了。是啊，它赖以立身的不过是一捧泥土。要开出这样神奇的金色花，它不能不倾注全部心血。我面对这皱纹满面的仙人掌和它的美丽辉煌的金色花，竟酸楚地流下了眼泪。我想起过去曾无所顾忌地痛笑过它的丑陋，深为自己的浅薄庸俗而感到惭愧。
可以想像，这仙人掌，它曾经有过柔软的叶，窈窕的枝。但为了抗拒沙漠的压榨，它才变得冷峻而坚强，有沙漠吞噬掉无数娇美的花卉之后，我们还能欣赏仙人掌美丽的金色花。
它并非只是一朵宁静亮丽的花，它的不甘泯灭的美令弱者也令强者肃然起敬。美，一旦与顽强结合，就能产生震撼人心的力量。
9.本文是一篇较有特色和韵味的__________，在行文上作者成功地运用了________________________手法。
10.“我”开始“不喜欢”“不关心”仙人掌的原因是_____________________。
11.结合上下文说说“谁想夏天一到，竟发生了奇迹”一句中“奇迹”指的是: __________________________.12.本文表达了作者怎样的思想感情？
(四)生命的链条
有个老铁匠，他打的铁链比谁的都要牢固，可是他木讷不善言，卖出的铁链很少，所得的钱只够勉强糊口。人家说他太老实，但他不管这些，仍旧一丝不苟地把铁链打得又结实又好。
有一次铁匠打好了一条巨链，装在一艘大海轮的甲板上做了主锚链。可这条巨链放在船上很多年都没有派上用场。有天晚上，海上风暴骤起，风急浪高，随时都有可能把船冲到礁石上船上其他的锚链都放下了，但是一点也不管用，那些铁链此时就像纸做的一样，根本受不住风浪，全都被拉断。最后大家想起了那条老铁匠打的主锚链，把它抛下海去。
全船一千多乘客和许多货物的安全现在都系在这条铁链上。铁链坚如磐石，像只巨手紧紧拉住船，在狂虐的暴风雨中经受住考验，保住了全船一千多人的生命，当风浪过去，黎明到来，全船的人都为此热泪盈眶，欢腾不已．．．．．． 其实，我们有很多时候也像那位老铁匠一样得不到别人的理解和认可。于是很多人无法忍受寂寞对自已的能力和努力产生了怀疑，不能坚持自己的原则和善待自己的工作，甚至自暴自弃。这样将永远没有机会得到别人的认可和尊重。当机遇降临的时候，成功也将与你失之交臂。
在人生的道路上，我们每个人也都在努力地打着一条“铁链”，它不是铁做的，而是以自己的能力、学识和恒久的努力为材料的，在一个时候，肯定会用到它。是否牢固坚韧，就看你在平时是否扎扎实实地打好了每一锤。13.解释下列词语中加点的字的意思。风暴骤起（）
欢腾不已（）
14.用下面两个成语造一个复句，其分句间的关系必须是假设关系或条件关系。自暴自弃
失之交臂
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
15.这篇文章可分为两层。用“／”在文中分层，并说明理由。答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
16.“当风浪过去时，黎明到来，全船的人都为此热泪盈眶，欢腾不已”这句话从侧面写出了＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
17.文章开头与“扎扎实实地打好了每一锤”相照应的一个句子是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
18.第二、三段中运用了对比手法的一组句子是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
19.如果把“生命的铁链”看作一个比喻，那么，它喻指什么？ 答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
参考答案：
1．第一件事：男孩用葡萄核种葡萄，遭到父亲粗暴对待。第二件事：女孩用葡萄核种葡萄，得到父亲暗中帮助。2．要点：萌芽，可以理解为孩子期盼的葡萄的萌芽，也引人联想到孩子们具有的创新精神的萌芽。或：以’萌芽’为题，寄寓着作者这样的希望和心情：家长、教师以及一切关心孩子成长的人们，要爱护孩子的创造精神，不要扼杀可贵的’萌芽
3、(1)示例：知道，我每天都给葡萄浇水，可是爸爸说我’执迷不悟’，还把花盆摔破了„„(2)示例：女孩的父亲能理解孩子的心，尊重孩子的感情。
4．千姿百态的房屋上都装有蓝色的太阳能转换器 太阳能几乎被用于一切需要能源的地方 5．太阳能转换器 蓄能器 6．没有任何噪音 不再有废气（或城市里不再有烟雾和怪味）不需要为每天消耗的能源付费 7．介绍太阳城利用太阳能的主要装置 太阳城利用太阳能的情况。8．略
9、散文（记叙文）欲扬先抑
10、它既不美，也不雅
11、丑陋的仙人掌竟开出了一朵异常漂亮的金色花
12、由对金色花美丽的赞美，进而升华到对顽强生命力的赞美。
13．突然 止
14．略
15．第一至第三段为第一层，其余为第二层；前叙后议
16．老铁匠打的链条经受住了考验
17．仍旧一丝不苟地把铁链打得又结实又好。
1.My family went to the beachvacation.A inB onC atD ofWhere did you go on vacation?-----Iathome
AstayedBlookedC pointedD was good
3How was your trip to Yunnan?----Great WeA goBwentCare goingDwill goIs_____ here?----No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.A anybodyB somebodyC everybodyD NobodyOne week’s time has been wasted.-----I can’t believe we did all that work for AsomethingBnothingCanythingDeverythingDid you go to a summer camp?
A Yes, IamBYes IdoC No,I didD No,I didn’t
7.I want to go ______for my vacation.A.interesting somewhereB.Somewhere interesting
C.anywhere interesting D.interesting anywhere
8.My family lives in the(center)park of the city.’s study for it.A.bookB.teacher C.meetingD.test
10.If you don’t study hard, you will
A.pass an examB fail an examCtake an examD have an exam
11.用fewa fewlittlea little 填空
（1）It’s very difficult, andpeople understand it.（2）It’s very difficult, butpeople understand it.（3）Unfortunately, I hadmoney on me.（4）Fortunately,I hadmoney on me.12用 mostmost of填空
（1）the students in my class like Harry Porter.（2）People would go on a vacation when they have time.do you think of sitcoms(情景喜剧）？
----I love them.A WhatB HowC Where
A That’s rightB It’s interesting C Of courseD I’d love to.15.Don’t worry about me.I’m old enough to think forA himselfB herself C yourselfD myself
16.I believe i can fly is a nice song by R.kelly.This song tells us that believing in is very important.A themselvesBourselvesC itself
17.We have nothing to do stay at home.A butB andC soD except
18.You can do nothing but
A to waitB waitingC watiD waited
19.----How amazing the Great Wall is!
---Yes, but it is veryto climb it.A tiredB surprisingC tiringD surprised
20.---Would you like to go out for a walk?
A wonderfulBinterestingC excitingDboring
21.We were in Qingdao last week andgreat fun there.A will haveB hasChadD have
22.----How was the evening party yesterday?-----We enjoyedvery much.A usB ourselvesCitsD itself
23.王先生已经做好了决定。Mr Wang has.24.Linda 最终决定去上海。Linda decidedto Shanghai in the end.25.The classroom is so dirty.I decide
A clean it upB to clean it upC clean up it
26.If I were a teacher, I would allow my students to by themselves.A make a livingB make decisionsC make much noise
27.---I usually go there by train.---Why not by boat for a change?
Ato try goingB trying to goCto try and goD try going28 They like to()and buy a lot of things on Friday.A go swimB went swimmingC go shoppingD went shopping 29 I feel like()(drink)some tea.She()(not feel)like any food ,she’s full.31你想要和我们一起去散步吗？
Would you like to()()()with us?
山顶上有很多雪。
There is a lot of snow()()()of the mountains.33---Hurry up!we()for you at the gate.-----I’m sorry.I’m coming soon.AwaitsBwaitedCare waiting
Hurry up!They are waiting for().AweB usCour
Today students have()homework to do.Atoo manyB too much C much too D very much
36The book is()difficult for the children
A too manyB many tooC too muchD much too
37Don’t eat(),it’s not good for your health.A too manyB too muchC much tooD many too
38()I was ill,()I didn’t go to school yesterday.ABecausesoBsobecauseC /soD/because 39We have to stay at home()the rain.AbecauseBbecause ofCsoD/
40.There is a footballthe bed.A belowB underC inD next
41.It’s so cold, I think the temperature is zero now.A inB underC belowD after
42----In the old days,---people didn’t have()to eat.A food enoughB enough foodC enough forD /
You’re not()to go to school, just stay at home
Unit1
1.弹钢琴
2.善于应付……的 3.擅长于…….4.打鼓
5.help…with…
6.交朋友 7.在周末
8.美术俱乐部
9.跟…说
10.结交朋友
11.在某方面帮助（某人）
12.on the weekend
13.on the weekday
Unit2
1.起床
4.穿衣服
7.take a shower
10.eat quickly
13.散步
Unit 3 1.骑自行车
4.介于……之间
7.十九
Unit 4 1.上课迟到
3.在外面打架
5.穿校服
7.看望朋友
9.学钢琴
11.听音乐
13.练习吉他
15.整理床铺
17.make rules
20.be on time for class
Unit 5 1.长时间走路
4.迷路
water
Unit 6 1.读报纸
4.做汤
7.在游泳池里
10.通过电视
13.read a story to me
2.吃早饭
3.在早晨
5.去上班
6.做家庭作业
8.taste good
9.after breakfast
11.lots of
12.穿上衣服
14.刷牙
15.吃早饭
2.乘地铁
3.认为
5.实现
6.六十八
8.一百零九
9.九十九
2.在教室听音乐
4.在餐厅吃饭
6.出去
8.遵守规则
10.对某人要求严格
12.在走廊里跑
14.放学以后
16.go out in school nights
19.good luck
21.do the dishes
2.拯救大象
3.处于为想之中
5.砍到
6.places with food and 7.(be)made of
8.kind of shy
2.看电视
3.用电脑
5.通过电话交谈
6.洗餐具
8.呆在家
9.足球赛
11.in the library
12.younger brother
14.any other
15.sound good
18.clean the room
16.wash clothes
17.go to the movies
18.tomorrow evening
Unit 7 1.在加拿大
2.在欧洲
3.在下雨天气
4.玩得高兴
5.no problem
6.call sb at+电话号码 7.not too bad
8.right now
9.have a great time 10.summer vacation
11.study hard
Unit 8 1.邮局
4.在……和……之间
7.向左拐
10.在周末
13.on your left
16.police station
19.a noisy street
Unit 9 1.黑发
4.相同的方式
7.short straight hair
Unit 10 1.在不同的国家
4.吹灭
7.bring good luck to sb
Unit 11 1.去散步
4.照一些照片
7.一点也不
10太多人
13.ride a horse
16.last week
Unit 12 1.去电影院
4.打羽毛球
7.熬夜
10.吃惊
13.生火
16.know about
2.投币式电话
5.在……的前面
8.在第一个十字路口
11.enjoy reading
14.excuse me
17.far from here
20.next Sunday
2.金发
5.最后
8.curly black hair
2.……的数量
5.green tea
8.great specials 2.给奶牛挤奶
5.在星期六的上午
8.对……感兴趣
11.play chess
14.play with
17.visit my grandparents
2.去划船
5.抛开
8.高中
11.把……弄醒
14.go to sleep
17.stay up late
3.在……的对面
6.紧靠……的旁边
9.沿着……走
12.look like
15.in town
18.watch sb doing sth
21.have a good trip 3.一张圆脸
6.首先，最重要的是 9.look like 3.许个愿望
6.orange juice
3.喂鸡
6.去钓鱼
9.进行学校旅行
12.all in all
15.show sb around
18.grow apples 3.去海滩 6.大声叫喊 9.搭起 12.两周前 15.look out of 18.up and down
词形转换
1.swim(与人相关的名词)
37.tall
（反义词）2.paint(同义词)3.piano(复数)4.family（同义词）5.also(同义词)6.music（与人相关的名词）7.story（复数）8.teach（与人相关的名词）9.outside（反义词）10.wash（三人称单数）11.noise（形容词）12.relax（形容词）13.luck（形容词）14.study（同义词）15.hallway（复数）16.before（反义词）17.friend（形容词）18.clever（同义词）19.danger（形容词）20.zoo（复数）21.one（序数词）22.twenty-two（序数词）23.forget（反义词）24.wish（三人称单数）25.young（反义词）26.shop（现在分词）27.run（现在分词）28.swim（现在分词）29.study（现在分词）30.child（复数）31.easy（副词）32.there（对应词）33.left（对应词）34.clean（反义词）35.enjoy（三人称单数）36.cross（名词）
2.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的
3.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的
4.transport vt. 运输,运送 n. 运输,运输工具
5.mild a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的
6.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的
7.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)
8.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的
9.export n. 出口(物) v. 出口,输出
10. import n. 进口(物) v. 进口,输入
11. impose vt. 把...加强(on);采用,利用
12. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰
13.burst vi./n. 突然发生,爆裂
14.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)
15.blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉
16.consume v. 消耗,耗尽
17.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的
18.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃
19.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出
20. extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的
21.slide v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片
22.bacteria n. 细菌
23.breed n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔
24.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排
25.candidate n. 候选人
26.campus n. 校园
27.transform v. 转变,变革;变换
28.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递
29.transplant v. 移植
30.shift v. 转移;转动;转变
31.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化
32.vanish vi. 消灭,不见
33.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子
34.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心
35.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的
36.boundary n. 分界线,边界
37.catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目
38.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的
39.vain n. 徒劳,白费
40.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的
41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因
42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精
43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求
44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏
45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准
46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励
47.acquire vt. 取得,获得;学到
48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行
49.network n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络
50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流
51.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛
52.wax n. 蜡
53.weave v. 织,编
54.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持
55. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂
56. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的
57. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会
58. battery n. 电池(组)
59. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏
60. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物
61. career n. 生涯,职业
62. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管
63. vertical a. 垂直的
64. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊
65. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度
66. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的
67. petrol n. 汽油
68. petroleum n. 石油
69. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁
70. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽
71. decent a. 像样的,体面的
72. route n. 路;路线;航线
73. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟
74. sake n. 缘故,理由
75. satellite n. 卫星
76. temple n. 庙宇
77. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,
78. tend vi.易于,趋向
79. tendency n.趋向,趋势
80. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的 n. 极端
81. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳
82. adapt vi. 适应,适合;改编,改写 vt. 使适应
83. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉
84. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的
85. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉
86. vacant a. 空的,未占用的
87. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器
88. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的
89. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学
90. organ n. 器官,风琴
考试大纲词汇表
词性
词意
(未学或新增)
词汇
waste
n.&vt.
浪费
watch
vt.
n.
观看，注视;当心，注意
手表，表
water
n.
水
watermelon
n.
西瓜
√
way
n.
路，路线，方式，手段
we
pron.
我们
weak
a.
差的，弱的，淡的
wealth
n.
财产，财富
√
wear(wore, worn)
v.
穿，戴
weather
n.
天气
website
n.
(互联网)网站
Wednesday
n.
星期三
week
n.
星期，周
weekday
n.
平日
weekend
n.
周末
weigh
vt.
称……的重量，重(若干)
weight
n.
重，重量
welcome
int.n.&v.
a.
欢迎
受欢迎的
1.Word definition: A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use.[ P 2]
2.The development of English vocabulary[P 3]
(1)The Old English: 449-1100,(2)Middle English: 1100-1500
(3)Modern English: 1500-present
3.Classification of English Words[P 9]
(1)By origin: native words and loan words
(2)By level of usage: common words;literal words;colloquial words;slang words;technical words
(3)By notion: function words and content words
4.Function words & content words[P 17]
Function words are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries, and so forth.Functions words behave like grammatical signals or functional markers, expressing the kinds of connection between content words.5.Morpheme definition[P 21]
The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.6.Allomorphs[P 22]
An allomorph is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.7.Classification of morphemes[P 23]
A.Free morphemes and bound morphemes
B.Roots and affixes
8.区分Inflectional affixes 和Derivational affixes[P 25]
9.Definition of root stem and base [P 33]
(1)Root: A root is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.(2)A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology….Inflectional(but not derivational)affixes are added to it: it is the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.(3)A base is any form to which affixes if any kind can be added;it may also be defined as”a form to which a rule of word-formation is applied”.10.Differences of root, stem and base [P 33]
(1)Any root or stem can be termed a base.But a base differs from a root, in that the former is a derivationally analyzable form to which derivational affixes are added, while the latter is a form which permits no further analysis.(2)A base is also different from a stem since both derivational and inflectional affixes can be attached to a base, whereas only inflectional affixes can be added to a stem.11.Definition of derivation [P 42]
Derivation may be defined as a process of forming new words by the addition of a word element, such as a prefix, suffix or combining form, to an already existing word.12.Classifications of prefixes [P 44](给定前缀须知意思，连线题)
(1)“negative” prefixes: un-, non-, in-, dis-, a-
(2)“reversative or privative” prefixes: un-, de-, dis-
(3)“pejorative” prefixes: mis-, mal-, pseudo-
(4)“prefixes of degree or size”: arch-, super-, out-, sub-, over-, under-, hyper-, ultra-, mini-
(5)Prefixes of attitude: co-, counter-, anti-, pro-
(6)“locative” prefixes: super-, sub-, inter-, trans-
(7)Prefixes of time and order: fore-, pre-, post-, ex-, re-
(8)“number” prefixes: uni-/mono-, bi-/di-, tri-, multi-/poly-
(9)A miscellaneous catalogue: auto-, neo-, pan-, proto-, semi-, vice-
13.Classifications of suffixes [P 49]
(1)According to the word-class o the word they form
(2)According to the kind of base
14.Differences between initialisms and acronyms [P 72]
Initialism is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase;an initialism is pronounced letter by letter.Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc.Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters.15.Clipping [P 75]
The process of clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word, which is also available in its full form.16.Blending [P 77]
Blending is the process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.17.Conventionality [P 93]
Most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbols;consequently, there is no intrinsic relation between the sound-symbol and its sense.A more convincing evidence of the conventional and arbitrary nature of the connection between sound-symbol and meaning can be illustrated by a set of homophones.18.Lexical meaning [P 97] 填空
Lexical meaning may be subdivided into denotative meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning and affective meaning.19.Two process leading to polysemy [P 111]
There are two important process in the development of word meaning: radiation and concatenation.20.Types of homonyms 对其进行区分[P 115]
(1)Perfect homonyms: Words identical in sound and spelling but different in meaning are called perfect homonyms.E.g.lie, page, base.(2)Homophones: Words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called homophones.E.g.bear/bare, dear/ deer, air/heir, pair/pear.(3)Homographs: Words identical in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called homographs.E.g.lead, sow, tear.21.文体效果
Polysemic and homonymous words are stylistically useful to achieve humor or irony, or to heighten dramatic effect.[P 121]
Synonyms, therefore, are extremely valuable stylistically in helping to avoid monotonous repetition and in achieving precision.[P 133]
22.Definition and types of antonym 需举例[P 136]
Definition: the term antonym is used for “oppositeness of meaning”;words that are opposite are antonyms.Types:
(1)On the basis of semantic contrastContraries: Contraries or contrary terms display a type of semantic ○
contrast, illustrated by such pairs as rich and poor, heavy and light.Complementaries: Complementaries or contradictories represent a type ○
of binary semantic opposition.The assertion of one of the items implies the denial of the other;an entity cannot be both at once.E.g.alive and dead, single and married present and absent.Conversives: Another important type of binary opposition.E.g.lend and ○
borrow, husband and wife, employer and employee, above and below.(2)On the basis of morphological structureRoot antonyms: E.g.deep and shallow, love and hate, up and down.○Derivational antonyms: Words with the same roots having negative affixes.○
E.g.happy and unhappy, possible and impossible, loyal and disloyal, prewar and postwar, harmful and harmless.23.简答 Two types of contexts [P 152]
The meanings of words, especially those of polysemous words may be viewed as determined either by linguistic(or verbal)contexts or extra-linguistic(or nonverbal)contexts.(1)Linguistic context: The three main types of linguistic context are the lexical,grammatical, and verbal context in its broad sense.(2)Extra-linguistic context/ Context of situation
（不会答，求高人解答)
24.Linguistic cause 简答[P 172]
Change of meaning is frequently brought about by two tendencies in a linguistic system: towards ellipsis and towards analogy.25.Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 连线题[P 176]
A.Restriction of meaning(specialization);
B.Extension of meaning(generalization);
C.Degeneration of meaning(pejoration);
D.Elevation of meaning(amelioration).26.The common categories of metonymy 连线题[P 187]
A.Sign for the person or thing signified: e.g.from the cradle to the grave;the Cross;bloodshed;crown, scepter, throne.B.Container for its contents;the place for the people occupying it: e.g.the bottle;wardrobe;the town;the chair.C.The abstract for the concrete: e.g.a beauty;the pride;authority or authorities;the management;the press.D.The concrete for the abstract: e.g.tongue;name;seat;the floor;brain;ear.E.A part for the whole and vice versa: for a part to indicate the whole, we have following examples: a sail;hand;head.The whole may be named for a part, e.g.the smiling year;the army;a country.F.The material for the thing made: silver;nickel;plastic;nylons;marble;rubbers.27.填空题 [P 191]
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