初中英语介词的知识点总结（精选3篇）
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
2. 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3)句型:
It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”
It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了” “早该……了”
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2)情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
3. used to / be used to
used to + do:“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯，或“习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It’s 69568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
4. 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5. be going to / will
用于条件句时， be going to 表将来
will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
6. be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
7. 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
2)倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3)在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
11. 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(1)from从……
The train started from Paris.火车发自巴黎。
She will fly from Beijing to Hong Kong.她将从北京飞往香港。
(2)to到……(目的地)去，向……
He went to Germany last year.他去年去了德国。
They got to the town very late.他们很晚才到那个镇。
(3)for向……，表目的方向
He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。
The train for Shanghai has been away.去往上海的火车已经开走了。
towards, to和for都可表示“向……”，其区别如下：
①towards仅指朝向某个方向，不一定是目的地，而to和for都是“向目的地”。
②for作“向(目的地)”时，常用于固定搭配中，如：leave for; start for
(4)into进入
Please put the water into the bottle.请把水倒入瓶子里。
The teacher came into the classroom with a smile.老师微笑着走进了教室。
(5)out of从……出来
A beautiful girl in red went out of the shop.一个穿红衣服的漂亮女孩从商店里走了出来。
介词主要是用来表示它后面的名词或代词与句中其他某个成分之间的关系。不能独立充当句子成分，必须与后面的宾语构成介词短语后才能做句子成分。
一.介词（短语）语法功能
1.作状语
介词（短语）在句子作状语修饰动词。表示“时间”，‘‘地点”,‘‘条件”,‘‘方式”或‘‘目的”等。
例如:①She gets up at 6:30 in the morning every day.(表时间)
②There are some books on the desk.(表地点)
③People can’t live without air or water.(表条件)
2.作定语介词短语作定语表示某个关系，一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如 The girl in the red skirt is Lucy.(后置定语)
3.作表语
介词短语作表语时，多放在be 动词之后。
例如：① She is in the next room.② He is from English.二.常用介词的用法
1.表示时间的介词
①in,on,at.in 表示世纪，年，周，季节，在上午∕下午∕晚上∕白天等。
例如：in the morningin Mayin 2012in his fortiesin an hour
on 表示确定的时间，某日，某日的上午，下午，晚上，星期几，或一般节日等。
例如：on Sundayon a rainy eveningon May 4on the night of May 4on Teachers’
Dayon Children’s Day
at 用于表示时间“点”.夜里.中午及某些词组中
例如.at 4 o’clockat noonat that timeat the end ofat the age of②by ,until∕till
表示期限时通常用介词by ,until ∕till
by表示“不迟于”，“在 ……之前”
例如：They had seen four English films by the end of last night.Until ∕till到……为止
在肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词。
例如： Iwaited for my mum until she came home.在否定句中，not … until译成“直到……才”谓语动词用非延续性动词。
例如：I didn’t go to bed until my mum came home.③in ,for ,during ,through
1)in 表示“在。。。时间内”“在。。。时间后”
例如 :Do you work in the day time or at night ?
I hear he’ll be back in a week.2)for 后接一段时间，可与多种时态连用，如与现在完成时连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
例如：She has worked there for 8 years.3)during表示“在。。。期间”，强调“自始自终”.例如：
4)through =from beginning to end“自始自终”“从头到尾 ”
例如：Dr.Bethune went on working through the night.注：对“in+时间段”提问用how soon
对“for+ 时间段”提问用 how long
On the+身体硬部位
in the +身体软部位
④表示时间的起点用since 或from
例如：Tom has worked in the factory since three years ago.From now on ,I will learn English in the morning.⑤in 和after
1)in “在。。。以后”从现在算起，后接时间段，常用于将来时。
例如：We’ll be back in a week.He’ll arrive at Shanghai2)after “在。。。以后”，从过去算起，后接时间段，常用于过去时。
例如：They got there after 8 hours.后接时间点，常用于将来时。
例如：The plane is leaving after nine.2.表示地点.位置的介词
①inontoat
in 在某一范围之内。
例如：Shanghai lies in the east of China.on 表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤。
例如：Hefei lies on the south of Huainan.to表示两个个体间有一段距离或隔海相望。
例如：Japan is to the east of China.At表示在街道或城镇。
例如： He lives at 158 JianguoStreet.②inat
in后跟较大地方
例如：He lived in China three years ago.at 后接较小地方
例如：We waited at the gate of the school.③aboveoveron
Above表示位置高于某物不接触，在其上方任意一点，但不是正上方。其反义词是below例如：The moon is now above the trees in the east.Over 指正上方,垂直方向。其反义词是under
例如：There is a bridge over the river.On 在。。。上面，相互接触。
例如：There is a pen on the desk.特殊用法：on在树上<本身具有> There are some apples on the tree.in在树上< 外来物> There are some birds in the tree.3表示方向的介词：bywithin
by后跟动名词或抽象化的可数名词（其前不用冠词）意为“用„„手段或方法” 例如: He goes to school by bus every day.The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.with表示用工具，借助于某一具体的手段，工具，材料或人体器官。
例如：People here build houses with stones.With the help of my teacher ,I did well in my English.We see with our eyes.in 用材料.语言.声音等媒介，以„„方式.What is this in English ? She said in a loud voice.He wrote the words in red ink.4.to 的两种用法的区别
① to+v.(不定式)
例如：to do sth
② to+v-ing(介词)
例如：look fordward to doing sth
get /be used to doing sth
pay attention todoing sth
make a contribution to doing sth
prefer doing sthto doing sth
6.时间状语前不用介词的情况。
当morning等词前有this ,that ,next ,last 等词修饰时，介词须省去。下列介词须省去：
修饰语中心词
① this /thatmorning/week /year/January/spring② next /lastSunday /week /term/year/spring/May③ tomorrow/yesterday/lastmorning/afternoon/evening
④ the dayafter tomorrow /before yesterday
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