高二的英语作文(精选10篇)
问:怎样在这段时间内有效提高英语写作水平?阅读理解的生词不懂怎么办?
答:写作提高最关键还是要注意造词造句,要有写对句子结构的能力。阅读理解方面,有的 篇章比较长,考生要注意一些基本话题的词汇。比如说这篇文章是关于科技的,我们就可以去记住一些关于科技的词汇,再不断积累和循环复习,而不是一个个单词去记。按照体裁和话题分类进行词组的积累,以此提高自己的词汇和表达,包括同义词、近义词、反义词的积累。
问:概要写作如何抓住要点?
答:概要写作要注意主要信息和细节信息的区分。有时候考生把细节信息当成主要信息写上去,会被扣分。各种文章的体裁不一样,考生在大脑应有一个图示,一定要知道这些文章主要讲什么。不漏掉这些文章要点,可以保持4分以上,好一点可以达到满分。例如写说明文时,就是把问题或现象摆出来,什么原因,导致什么结果。这样写一般不会出现大问题。
问:英语成绩不是很稳定,考试时语感好和不好差别很大,怎么办?
有研究表明, 学习的效果=50%的学习策略+40%的努力程度+10%的智商。可见, 优良的学习策略在很大程度上决定学习的效果。《普通高中英语课程标准 (实验) 》 (以下简称“《标准》”) 将学习策略定义为“学生为了有效地学习语言和使用语言而采取的各种行动和步骤”。为了全面了解高中学生的学习策略运用情况, 我们就学习策略之认知策略的运用情况开展了一次的调查, 旨在分析目前我校学生英语学习认知策略的运用状况, 试图为教师在英语教学中如何有效地帮助学生了解、掌握、发展英语学习认知策略提供一些依据。
二、调查设计与资料搜集
调查对象: 抽取广东省广州市番禺中学高二5个班共309名学生作为研究对象, 发给每人问卷调查表一份。答卷前先跟学生讲明调查的意义, 要求学生根据自己的实际情况选择答案, 告诉学生问卷的结果只作团体性的分析, 不作个别呈现, 且对外保密, 以避免学生随意和应付, 让他们放心答题, 保证调查的客观性。此次调查共收回有效问卷调查表307份。
调查方式: 本调查采用问卷的方式。问卷调查表分两大部分:第一部分为学生个人英语学习基本情况, 第二部分为英语学习认知策略运用情况。问卷采取无记名的方式, 请同学选择答案并把答案涂在答题卡上。
三、调查结果
四、调查的启示
教师要充分地利用丰富的教学资源, 开展学习策略培训。广大教师在学习了相关理论知识后, 充分利用课堂活动对学生进行策略培训。
策略培训的目的在于帮助学生掌握行之有效的学习策略, 培养他们运用各种学习策略促进英语学习。学习策略培训有助于学生自主学习能力的形成和综合运用英语能力的提高。学生运用英语的综合能力提高了, 学习成绩也会有所提高, 他们在升学考试中的竞争能力也会大大增强。
高中生英语学习策略水平没有表现出随着年级的增长而提高的趋势, 这一现象也已在国内相关研究中得到证实。这表明学习策略虽然在一定程度上能自发获得, 但良好的学习策略的获得还需要教师及家长在平时的教学与辅导中进行更多的干预, 帮助学生形成运用良好策略的习惯, 以提高学习效率和主动性, 并减轻教师的教学负担。
五、教学建议
针对以上情况, 综合专家对学习策略的研究成果, 结合《标准》对培养学生英语学习策略的要求, 我们提出以下几点教学建议:
1. 把对学生学习策略的指导作为英语教学的一个重要组成部分
《标准》指出:中学英语教学须加强对学生学习策略的指导, 为他们终身学习奠定基础。《标准》明确规定:“使学生养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略是英语课程的重要任务之一。” 《标准》突出了学习策略在中学英语教学中的重要地位。教会学生如何学习, 培养学生有效的学习策略, 不仅有利于他们提高学习效果, 减轻学习负担, 而且能够大面积地提高教育质量。
从普遍情况看, 不管是高三学生还是高一、高二学生, 他们学习策略的运用都未达到理想程度。因此, 加大力度深入开展学习策略指导的迫切性和重要性是不言而喻的。
2. 有的放矢, 抓住学生的个性特点进行学习策略的指导
学生个体与个体之间在学习策略的运用上差异也很大, 他们各有自己的学法特点, 那么在策略指导上就应有所侧重。只有这样, 才能保证学习策略的指导工作真正具有针对性。教师一定要根据学生自身的特点, 如年级差异、男女差异、个性差异等, 敦促他们选用适合自己的有效策略, 并根据不同学习阶段的特点调整策略, 使他们在潜移默化中逐步掌握学习策略, 养成良好的学习习惯。
3. 培养学生自我调整、发展学习策略的能力, 为终身学习奠定基础
“高中学生应该形成适合自己学习特点的学习策略, 并能根据自己的学习需要不断地调整学习策略。” 帮助学生形成有效学习策略的最终目的是培养他们的自主学习能力, 为终身学习打下一个良好的基础。因此, 在课堂教学中, 教师的角色应从知识的传递者转变为学生学习的促进者、组织者、参与者, 让学生在学习和运用英语的过程中逐步掌握学习策略、调整学习策略, 最终形成良好的学习策略, 真正成为一个善于终身学习的人。
美国著名应用语言学家Oxford (1990) 所著的一本关于如何训练策略的专著中指出, 教授学习策略是为了使学习者“具有一双更加实际的眼睛, 一对接受能力更强的耳朵, 一条更加灵活的舌头, 一颗更加专注的心和一个反应更加灵敏的头脑”。从表面上看, 策略训练增强了教师的教学任务和负担, 但从长远看, 教授学生学习策略是为了推动学生自主学习, 使其成为策略型学习者。事实上, 教会学生运用策略等于减轻了教师的教学负担, 同时教会学生运用策略也是对学生的终身发展负责。
参考文献
[1]郭平建, 郑建凤.中学生使用英语学习策略的调查与分析[J].中小学英语教学与研究, 2002 (2) .
[2]程晓堂, 郑敏.英语学习策略[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2002.
以下,笔者将呈现一堂高二英语复习课的过程和方法。
Unit 1-2 Revision
Step 1 Greetings and leading in
(英语复习课课堂引入是很重要的,教师在课前给学生布置了家庭作业,要求学生复习高二上册1-2单元课文的短语,进而上课开始时笔者将使用多媒体把家庭作业再次呈现出来,然后鼓励同学们积极回答问题,把这些重点短语的英语表达方式补充出来)
T:Good morning,boys and girls, how are you?
S:We are fine.
T:Good,I hope every student will be energetic in this class. This class we will review something important of Unit1 and Unit2, and through this class, I hope you can learn much knowledge and try your best to use them. OK?
S: OK!
T: Yesterday I told you to finish homework and review some key phrases of Unit1 and Unit 2, have you finished your homework?
S:Yes!
T:Good!Now, please look at the screen, and there are 20 key phrases of Unit1-Unit2.Volunteer?Who can tell me how to say these phrases in English? Be active! Don’t be nervous!
S:..(answer these questions actively)
1.从事于,继续工作 work on
2.继续某种行为 go on with
3.梦想 dream of
4.结果是,证明是 turn out
5.用完,用尽 use up
6.对……满意be satisfied with
7即使......将会怎么样 what if
8.使……烧成平地 burn down
9.让某人了解情况 keep sb informed of…
10.时事current affairs
11.引起某人注意 draw one’s attention
12.在各方面on all sides
13.对……负责be responsible for
14.即使even if/even though
15.对……的态度the attitude to/towards
Step2: Review these key phrases and encourage students to use them.
1.检查家庭作业之后,笔者让学生做小组讨论,讨论第15个短语中的“to”用法,“to”有的时候是动词不定式的符号,而有的时候是介词。通过讨论,学生对“to”的用法记忆更加深刻。T: Very wonderful!Now, please look at the screen and read all of these phrases.“work on”begin!
S:…(read aloud)
T: Now, please pay attention to the phrases of No.15, there is a “to”in this phrase, please discuss in groups and think about the usage of “to”in the phrase.
S:…(discuss in groups actively)
T: Who knows?Hands up!
S1: Here“to”is a preposition(介词).
T: You do a good job.
2.教师让同学们用刚刚复习的短语翻译句子,考虑到学生基础较差,为了降低难度,活跃课堂气氛,笔者采用填空的方式,主要目的在于鼓励同学们会用所学知识。
T: Now, please look at the screen, there are five sentences. Please fill in the blanket by using some phrases we reviewed. I will give you five minutes.
1.他对自己的工作不满意,所以决定去找份新工作。
He_____ ______ ___________ _______his work,so he decided to look for a new job.
2.他沉迷于电脑游戏.
He is_____________ _____ playing computer games.
3.交通问题应该引起地方政府的注意。
The traffic problem should____the local government’s _________.
4.请告知我发展情况.
Please_______me___________ ____ the development.
T:(two minutes later) Well, you can discuss if you have trouble!(学生一边做,教师一边在巡视看看同学们做得怎么样,并给出及时的指点)
T:Time is up!Volunteer, If you know the answer, please put up your hands!
S:…(answer questions very actively)
Step 3: Review the key points of Unit 1 and unit 2
(高二上册1-2单元重点知识点很多,教师主要采用列举重点句子,透过课本原句看考点的方式让学生对知识点有更好的了解。为了提高课堂效率,重点复习了两个知识点,而把更多的时间还给学生,让学生通过练习,通过消化对知识有更好得领悟。)
T:Now, let’s go on! We will review some key points of Unit1 and Unit2. Look at the screen. There is a sentence from our English book:There did not seem much point in my working on my PhD. Volunteer? Who can translate it into Chinese?
S:继续攻读我的哲学博士学位是没有意义的。
T:Very good. Could you tell me how to say“做……是没有意义的”in English?
S:There is no point in doing…
It is no use/good doing…(几乎全班都在答,课堂气氛很好)
T:Let us do exercise. Look at the screen, there is a sentence taken from the cloze of the Shanghai college-entrance exam 2002)
There‘s no _1____in getting depressed(沮丧的) about these things now
—it''s no _2___crying over spilt (溢出的) milk.
1.A reason B.purpose C.result D.point
2.A.use B.value C.help D.benefit
T: Have you worked them out?
S: Yes!The first one, we choose D, and the second one, we choose A.
T: Are they simple?
S:Oh!Very simple.
T: But, who would like to translate these two sentences.
S:…(think them over in silence)
S:现在沮丧时没有用的——因为牛奶已经溢出了。
T: To be exact, we can translate it as现在沮丧时没有用的——因为覆水难收。
S:Oh,Ha, ha(学生感觉这个题目很有趣,翻译成中文很有点意思)
T:Ok!I will give you three minutes to recite these two sentences and then I will ask some of you to recite it.(给学生时间,让学生记背这两个句子)
…
(教师感觉本课最成功之处就是学生能非常积极地背这两个句子,而且背得很好,很流畅。把课堂气氛带入了高潮,掌声不断,让笔者也深深折服)
T: Very Very Good.
T: Now, look at my screen again. There is another sentence: Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of .Pay attention to“nor”
T: And there is a practice from Shanxi 2009,
Little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. (09.陕西)
A.did Rose care B.Rose did care
C.does Rose care D.Rose does care
T:Which one is right?
S:A.
T:Well, I will give you three minutes, discuss with each other and try your best to conclude the grammer rule of these two sentences.(教师给出了课本的一个原句,然后给出了一道09年陕西高考题,让学生动动脑,学会总结归纳,把这两个句子的语法现象总结出来。同学们积极参与讨论归纳,课堂气氛仍然很好)
T:Ok? Volunteer?
S:语法点是:否定副词放于句首,句子使用部分倒装,即一般疑问句语序。
T: Very clever!
T:常见的否定副词有哪些?I will ask some students to write them down on the blackboard.(让学生自发到黑板上写出常见的否定副词)
S1…
S2:…
T: Now, we will check the answers. Are they right?
S: Yes!
T: Please read after me!( hardly, seldom, never, little…)
Step4. Digest(给学生消化的时间)
Step 5. Homework
T: Now, look at your paper, there are some exercise concerned about the key points of these two units. I hope you can do them carefully after class.(每个学生都有一张作业练习单,主要练习与这两个单元考点有关的高考题或者是模拟题)
T: Class is over! Goodbye, boys and girls, thank you so much. Have a good rest!
S: Goodbye, Mrs. Zeng.
教学后记:笔者感到这堂以多媒体为呈现方式的复习课上得很成功。主要采用了任务型教学方式,精选了一些重要知识点以及围绕这些知识点的高考习题。学生在完成任务的过程中积极参与讨论、合作,能很好地实现任务目标,感受学习的快乐。
我总是认为没有足够的时间。例如,我只有三天的假期。但当我回首,我觉得这只是一天。有一个谚语,“时间就是金钱”。现在我想说的是,时间比金钱更珍贵,因为当钱花了,我们可以在多赚一些。然而,当时间流逝了,永远不会回来。
time goes without being noticed. the time for our study and work is usually limited. so i think we must make full use of our time. but it‘s a pity that i am always not aware of the importance of time until it’s too late.
时间悄无声息的流逝。我们学习和工作的时间都是有限的。所以我认为我们必须充分利用我们的时间。但遗憾的是,直到很晚我知道,之前总是不能意识到它的重要性
so i think, i should get into the good habit of saving time because wasting time is equal to wasting one‘s life. do not put off what can be done today till tomorrow!
There are a plethora (过量)of activities during the Spring Festival including opera and movie performances lion dances and temple fairs. There are also people who prefer to stay at home and watch television. Pasting New Year scrolls and watching festive lanterns are also the traditional movements for the Spring Festival celebration.
The ways of Spring Festival celebration are changing along with the standard of living. For instance, traveling has becoming a new fashion of Spring Festival celebration.
经常熬夜和燃放除夕烟花。在第一个月的第一天,人们穿着节日服装,并开始访问或欢迎的家人,朋友和亲人。他们互相问候“新年快乐”和“春节快乐”,邀请客人在家里喝茶聊天。
As we all know, pressure is a major character of our modern life .It is so natural that we have no way to avoid it but to accept .Some may suppose that college students are the ones who have the least pressure,on the contrary ,we college students are confronted with different kinds of pressure.
The pressure is so heavy on us that we can hardly breathe. As far as I am concerned, the pressure from jobs ranks the first .It is well-known that the population is becoming larger and larger, as a result, the number of college graduates is in the same trend .But we can not ignore the fact that jobs are not enough for us .Consequently ,we must meet the pressure from jobs. Along with the pressure from jobs,we are also faced with the economic pressure.On one hand, as we are students,so we do not have time to do enough part-time jobs to support ourselves .On the other hand,we have to turn to our parents for help .There are so many things that we can not ignore that we must face .Other kinds of pressure are as follows .Study,the love for our parents ,the marriage and so on.
As we can notavoid the pressure, we have to adjust ourselves to the competitive society .The most important of all is that,we must have a good attitude to our daily life, to value, and to the world. At the same time, we should try to improve ourselves in different ways to adapt the society which is full of pressure .I have confidence in ourselves.We can finally conquer the world as long as we believe ourselves and have a bright attitude.
一、牢记单词
掌握单词和短语是学语言的关键。单词类别有名词、形容词、动词、副词、数词、代词、冠词、介词、连词和感叹词。要明白哪些单词可以分别在句子中充当主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、状语和定语。一定要做到下面几个方面。 (1) 每次接触新单词的时候, 一定要分清该词的类别。如:significance、difficulty、advice等是名词, 而significant、difficult是形容词, advise是动词。 (2) 要善于归纳一词多义、多用。 (3) 每单元出现的动词短语、名词短语、介词短语和惯用短语等要有专门的笔记本记录。 (4) 高考要求有3500个词汇量, 而这些单词并不仅限于课本上的, 它要求学生掌握基本的构词法:合成法、转化法、派生法、单词的缩写和简写等。在学习过程中, 要注意到这类词的形成。如:English-speaking、man-madethree-eyed、easy-going、playground、impossible、non-smoking、unhappy、disagree、hopeless、arrangement, 等等。平时要注意总结, 归纳其中的规律, 日积月累, 掌握更多的英语单词。
二、听力训练
每天都坚持听课文和单词的录音。所谓熟能生巧, 通过“听”觉的刺激, 自然而然地就产生了一种语言感知。“听”可以帮助同学记忆单词、熟悉单词连读和各种不同语型的语音语调。即便读音不准的同学, “听”也能在一定程度上纠正你的发音。另外, 高二的学生每周要进行一次听力测试, 高一的可以隔一个周。试题可以选自《英语学习周报》《双语报》等上面的听力题。做这类题时应该分三步骤进行。 (1) 听前活动。进行听力测试之前, 应阅读题目, 这可以帮助你直接切入对话主题, 听的时候就不会盲目。 (2) 听的过程。听之前的题目和选项阅读已经让你有所准备, 在进行“听”的过程中只需要注意对话中的关键词、句, 语境, 会帮助你对答案做出正确的判断。 (3) 听之后。听完不要急于对答案, 对模糊不清的地方再重复听, 对照完答案后, 把原文大声朗读一遍, 有助于增加你的语感。
三、语法训练
英语语法包括交际用语、词法、句法和时态语态等。交际用语是高考里的重要考点, 高三复习中发现学生在交际用语方面掌握得还好, 但在词汇应用方面却是很糟糕。相当一部分的学生, 对英语句子的结构非常模糊, 希望这些学生务必把下列基本的句型结构记熟。 (1) 句子分为三大类:简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句只是简单句的延伸。 (2) 五种基本句型:主语+谓语、主语+系动词+表语、主语+谓语+宾语、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。 (3) 基本的句式有四种:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。除此之外, 语法部分还包括时态语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、主谓一致、倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气、间接引语直接引语和省略句等。
四、阅读和写作训练
阅读是写作的准备, 写作是阅读的必然延伸物。阅读不能仅限于课本上的英语短文, 必须扩大自己的阅读量, 每星期至少读五篇以上。阅读可以让你接触更多的文体, 扩充词汇短语, 培养你的语言运用技能。阅读时要限时, 这样可以提高你的阅读速度。另外, 阅读时要注意两点:阅读的文体要多样化不能单一, 不能喜欢故事就找故事阅读;要找一些适合自己水平的文章来读, 太深了, 一篇文章中生词就有十几二十个, 这样会浪费时间, 也会降低自己的学习兴趣。也不能太浅, 这对提高自己的阅读能力不利。
写作时, 要注意各种文体的写作格式。如书信、通知 (包括书面和口头通知) 、说明文、记叙文、议论文等, 它们都有各自不同的写作方式。平时要认真分析, 了解每一种文体的具体特点。每种文体, 自己要有意识地重复写上几篇, 以利于熟练和掌握这种文体的写作格式和表达方式。另外, 要弄清楚写作要求, 也就是文章的几个要素, 一定要把指定的要点全部写到, 缺一不可。其次, 在写作中不能老是用一种重复的句型表达, 要灵活利用分词、不定式、从句的形式穿插使用, 这样, 你的文章才显得有文采, 有新意。如果你对英语写作一窍不通, 一开始不妨找些英语范文来读、背、甚至默写, 至少要15~20篇, 以后坚持每一两周写一篇作文或笔记, 久而久之, 阅读能力提高的同时, 书面表达也跟上了。
每个学生都想实现自己的梦想, 走进大学的殿堂, 都想在社会上有一番作为, 可是偏偏就有人因为英语跟不上而遗憾。所以, 有了明确的目标后, 就必须配备相应的计划和做法。不能在初中随便过, 高一、高二糊涂过, 到了高三才拼命过, 这样就为时过晚了。
因此, 学生一定要提前形成高考备考意识。高一、高二的时候, 要认真学习, 全面夯实基础知识, 培养自己的综合能力, 全面地、循序渐进地进行听力、语法、阅读和写作训练, 为日后的高考打下坚实的基础。只有扎扎实实地把英语的基础打好, 才能一步一个脚印地朝着理想奔去。
我相信, 提早准备和不懈努力, 会换来胜利的果实。大学的校门, 是朝着那些有着远大理想而又坚持不懈的学生敞开的。
【原句】Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse.
已经两年过去了,我的情况并没有那样糟糕。
【精讲】Go by在句中意思相当于pass,是指“(时光)逝去”,by是副词,整个短语是不及物动词短语。
【拓展】
go in for 爱好
go with与……协调
go out 熄灭
go against违反,违背
go back to返回,追溯到
go off爆炸
go all out (to do) 全力以赴(去做)
go over走过去;仔细检查;复习
go after(a job, a prize) 追求(职位),争取(奖品)
go through with sth. 做完某事,完成
go on with继续
【精练】We'd better try to _______ with the experiment, I think. Now let's _______ with it.
A. go through; go onB. go on; go over
C. go over; go throughD. go on; go through
【解析】A。go through with sth.做完,完成;go on with继续。
『要点2』more than的用法(Unit 2)
【原句】Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.
报纸和其他媒介并不只是简单记录发生的事情。
【精讲】本句中more than与动词连用,表示强调,意为“不只是,不仅仅是”,表示这个含义时,more than还可以与名词连用,如:
Modern science is more than a large amount of information.
Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
More than的其他用法;
1) More than与数词连用,意为“不止,多于,超过”,如:
I have known David for more than 20 years.
2) More than与形容词或分词连用,意为“非常,十分”,如:
In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.
3) more than和含有情态动词的句子连用,有否定意义,意为“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”,如:
That's more than I can do.
Don't bite off more than you can chew.
4) More...than...相当于rather than,表示取舍。意为“与其说后者,倒不如说前者”,“是……而不是……”,这时more...than...后接两个对等成分,more后接形容词的原形,如:
Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.
This book seems to be more a manual than a text.
5) No more than意思是“仅仅,只不过,只是”,如:What he is saying is no more than a joke.
【精练】More than one student _______ sent abroad for further study recently.
A. has been B. have been C. was D. were
【解析】A。More than one意为“不止一个”,后接单数可数名词时,谓语动词用单数;后接复数名词时,谓语动词用复数。本题中more than后接的one student是单数,谓语动词用单数。同时句尾的recently,说明整个句子说的是到目前为止的情况,用现在完成时,选A。
『要点3』 would rather的用法 (Unit3)
【原句】Well, I must say I'd rather live in a traditional siheyuan.
我觉得我更喜欢住传统的四合院。
【精讲】Would rather在本句中意为“宁可,宁愿”,注意以下would rather的用法:
1) 后接从句,表示“宁愿、希望……”,从句要用虚拟语气:表示和现在或将来事实相反的虚拟,从句谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反的虚拟,从句谓语动词用过去完成式,如:
Danny's mother would rather that he was a girl.
2) 后面不接从句时,表示现在或将来的主观愿望与选择,结构为:would rather + (not) do;表示与过去事实相反的愿望,结构为:would rather + (not) have done,如:
I would rather not have worked there.
注意:would rather常与than连用,表示“宁愿……也不……”,表示现在或将来的情况,用动词原形;表示过去的情况,用过去完成式,如:
He would rather die than betray his motherland.
【精练】— Shall we go skating or stay at home?
— Which _______ do?
A. do you ratherB. would you rather
C. will you ratherD. should you rather
【解析】B。本题考查rather的用法,would rather+ do sth.,意为“宁愿”;本题为疑问句,would提前。
『要点4』 of + 名词的用法 (Unit3)
【原句】Old factory buildings have many halls and workshops of different sizes.
旧厂房有很多大厅和大大小小的车间。
【精讲】“of + 表示人或物属性的名词”,这一介词短语可以用来描述人或事物的属性,在句中作表语或后置定语。常用于这一短语的名词有:size、color、height、length、age、shape等,这些名词前可用形容词修饰,如:different、the same等。
介词of后面还可以接表达抽象意义的名词,如value、use、help、importance、significance等,相当于该名词相应的形容词。该名词前面可以用表程度的形容词加以修饰,如:little、no、great、much、some等。
【精练】
1. This book is _______(没用).
2. Both of them are _______(同岁).
3. This problem is _______(很有趣).
4. The dictionary is _______(很有价值).
Keys:
1. of no use2. of the same age
3. of great interest4. of much value
『要点5』 过去分词作状语的用法 (Unit4)
过去分词短语常可用作状语,修饰谓语,表示动作的原因、时间、条件、让步,伴随着的情况或动作发生的背景或情况。这类状语可位于句子前面、后面,偶尔在中间。
1) 表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
2) 表原因,相当于as、since、because等引导的原因状语从句。
3) 表条件,相当于if、unless等引导的条件状语从句。有时过去分词前可以用if等词来强调条件,如:
If given(=if it had been given) more time, the work could have been done better. 如果多给些时间,这项工作会做得更好。
4) 表让步,相当于though、even if等引导的让步状语从句。
5) 表方式或伴随情况,不能用状语从句替换,但可以改变成并列句。
【精练】 _______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. LosingB. Having lost
C. Lost D. To lose
【解析】C。分析句子结构可知,前边部分作原因状语,同时,lost与主语存在逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词。
『要点6』 名词性从句——同位语从句和主语从句(Unit5)
【精讲1】同位语考点
1) 常见的先行词有idea、belief、doubt、fact、hope、news、possibility、thought、promise、advise、suggest、proposal、demand、request、wish、word、message、information、truth、case、problem、question等。
2) 引导词一般为that、whether(在从句中不充当任何成分,但不可以省略),但how、when、where、why等连接副词也可引导同位语从句,并在从句中充当相应成分,如:
I have no idea when he will be back.
I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
【精练】
1. The news _______our team had won 150 gold metals excited us.
2. The news _______he told us excited all of us.
A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when
【解析】1. A2. B
这两个小题考查同位语从句与定语从句的区别。同位语从句用来说明先行词的内容,that在同位语从句中不作任何成分,但不可省略;而定语从句用来限制或修饰前面的先行词,that在定语从句中作宾语时在非正式文体和口语中可省略。由此可知,第1句是个同位语从句,第2句是个定语从句,what不引导定语从句,when表时间,两题均无此语境。
【精讲2】主语从句考点
1) What和that的选用:what和that都能够引导名词性从句,但是在名词性从句中,that只起连接作用,无词义,不充当句子成分;而what在名词性从句中既起连接作用,又充当主语、宾语或表语,意思是“所……的东西(事情)”。
2) Whether与if的选用:whether能引导主语从句,而if不能。
3) It与其他引导词:有时候为了避免头重脚轻,主语从句会移至句末,而用it作形式主语。
【精练】
1. _______we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. WhetherC. ThatD. Where
2. _______this text can be used for listening has not been decided yet.
A. WhichB. If C. Whether D. As
3. I have never dined with you, sir; and I see no reason _______ .
A. how can I know B. how I ought to know
C. why shall I know D. why I should know
【解析】
1. B。分析句子结构可知,本题缺主语从句的引导词。If不可引导主语从句;that引导的从句表示肯定的含义;而如用where,“到哪里野营取决于天气”,不符合常理。故选B,是否外出野营要看天气。
2. C。分析句子结构可知,has not been decided是句子的谓语部分,所以前面部分是主语从句。If、which与as不可引导主语从句,排除。句意为“这篇课文能否用于听力还未定下来”。
I am writing to ask you to lend me a hand. This September, I am going to Canada for further education for half a year. I wonder if you could help me find a proper flat and a roommate.
As for the flat, I would really like to rent one with a kitchen, since I am not quite used to Western food and I love cooking. Internet access is a must. As you know, some assignments will require students to search for information on the Internet.
I would prefer a roommate who is friendly and respects others’ privacy. If he/she is easy-going, it would be much nicer.
This is Daili 1373. Early in the morning, we will wear bright clothing to the river to catch the pendulum.
The Lancang river is very lively, a next to a, packed suffocating, but everybody is jubilant, hurry to see put Gaosheng, dragon boat racing.
Just listen to the “whoosh --” a cry, soaring like a dragon like, braved the white Yanfei on the sky, suddenly Not the least trace was found. The village Dai men and women sit at the Dragon Boat Festival, the oars, be prepared to meet the challenge. A voice command, Qi Shuashua, to push forward and out, splashing a string of water surface, mapping in the sun, a colorful picture. Both sides of the audience cheered refueling, victorious people smile smile.
Eat delicious taste Dai barbecue, listen to my father about the water splashing Festival origin story, in the Dai ancestors brave pursuit of happy life moved at the same time, not to mention more time to the heart.
In the evening, there are fireworks discharge lamps and lanterns, and other programs. Every kind of lights, the night sky dotted with beautiful.
Two days later, began to water. Each body was drenched, but everyone was extremely happy, enjoy this wonderful blessing.
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