2023年12月英语四级真题及答案汇总

2023年12月英语四级真题及答案汇总（共7篇）

2023年12月英语四级真题及答案汇总 篇1

听力参考答案

1-8 CACBA BDA

9-11 CAB

12-15 DADC

16-19 暂无

20-22 DAC

23-25 ABD

26-35 In addition;software;available;individuals;technological;

manufacture;In short;By contrast;scientific;quantity

选词填空：

36-45

N site

L rare

I honoring

F different

D current

C covers

J hope

M realistic

H fast

长篇阅读：

46-5

5kcebh djclf

仔细阅读

第一篇

56-60

cadcd

第二篇

61-65

abdbc

写作

From the cartoon given above, we can observe that there are many people crossing the street.Instead of looking at the way, they are staring at their cell phones and using walking sticks to see.It is obvious that they are fascinated with cell phones while even ignore their security.We learn from the cartoon that cell phones have been increasingly

widespread in people’s life.Cell phones are of great benefit to all of us.One of the most obvious advantages is that we can contact with our friends and relatives more conveniently than ever before.However, it is mobile-phones’ advantages that lead some people to overuse or be addicted to them, which tends to exert a negative impact on our life.For example, overusing cellphones will reduce face-to-face communication among people.It seems that most of us enjoy the convenience of contact at the expense of interpersonal relationships.Moreover，entertaining electronic games, magnanimous information and a bewildering variety of social networking tools in mobile phones have occupied much of our time.Information distribution tools and social networking tools, in particular, have attracted all of our attention, which tempts us to keep our eyes on the screen around the corner of every second.Then, do not expect us to talk with the people around us, we don’t have time!This, has resulted in a

phenomenon of “alienation between acquaintances and familiarity between strangers”.Science and technology and modern tools should be served as an “angel” to improve our living standard, rather than a devil to disturb our normal life and

communication.Just imagine, live one day without mobile phone, will you be relaxed? Or anxious?(279words)

参考译文：

如图所示，我们可以看到有很多的人正在过马路，他们没有仔细看路，却都盯着自己的手机并且用一根拐杖代替他们看路。很明显，他们都着迷于手机，甚至忽视了自身安全。

我们从图画得知手机已经在人们的生活中越来越普遍。手机对于我们有巨大的好处，最明显的好处之一，就是我们可以比以前更加便利地联系朋友和亲人。然而，正是手机的诸多好处导致一些人过度使用或者是沉迷于手机，而这往往会给我们的生活造成一些负面的影响。比如，过度使用手机将会减少人与人之间的面对面的沟通。似乎我们大多数人都是以牺牲人际关系来享用联系的便利性。再者，手机上得娱乐性的电子游戏，海量的信息和各种各样的社交网络个您根据也已经占据了我们很多的时间。尤其是信息传播工具和社交网络工具已经占据了我们所有的注意力，这使我们每分每秒地将目光锁定在屏幕上。那么，就别指望我们很周围的人聊天了，我们没有那个时间！这也导致了一个现象：“熟悉人的陌生化，陌生人的熟悉化”！

科技和现代工具应该是提高我们生活质量的”天使”,而不应该是影响我们正常生活和沟通的“魔鬼”。设想一下，如果过一天没有手机的生活，你会放松？还是会焦虑?

翻译：

中国结（the Chinese knot）最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情、婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺（handicraft）代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。

2013年12月四级真题综述 篇2

从形式上看，本次四级作文沿袭了2013年6月四级作文的命题思路，依旧采用“看图说话”的作文形式，要求考生根据漫画内容来写作。“看图说话”的考法比较灵活，难度相应较大，也更重注语言的实际运用。

从内容上看，笔者搜集到的三道作文题目都涉及热门的IT技术。其中一道题目是关于网络对人际交往方式的影响，另一道题目提到了著名的网络搜索引擎谷歌，还有一道题目涉及日常生活中常见的“低头族”（即整日低头看手机的年轻一族）。

总结 本次四级写作部分难度不小。考生除了要具备一定的词汇量和句法知识外，还需要具备较强的逻辑思考能力。在动笔前，考生要能够迅速找到切入点，选取某个合适的角度来进行评述。而动笔时，开头段怎样引入话题、中间段怎样举例论证观点、结尾段如何总结评论等一系列问题都很考验考生的逻辑思维能力，对考生来说是个不小的挑战。建议考生备考时多积累热点话题的英文表达，同时有意识地训练自己组织语言和独立思考的能力。

本次听力部分总体来说难度不算大，但由于改革后听力部分发生了一些变化，很多考生在考场上发挥得不够理想。

笔者首先谈谈这次听力考试在时间上的变化及对考生的影响。改革前的四级听力考试时间总计为35分钟，而改革后缩短到了30分钟。另外，时间的分配也有变化。改革前，整个听力考试不间断地进行，在录音全部播放完后，会留下两三分钟的时间给考生填涂并检查答题卡，而此次改革完全取消了涂卡的时间。不少考生以前习惯在录音全部播放完后，利用收答题卡之前的两三分钟时间来集中填涂答题卡。这样的好处是，在听力考试的过程中，考生每做完一题都可以省下涂卡的几秒钟时间。利用相邻两段听力录音之间短暂的间隔时间，考生可以迅速浏览后面题目的选项，这样在听相关内容时就可以做到心中有数。可是，在这次听力考试中，录音一结束，监考人员就马上回收答题卡。这就要求考生边听边涂卡，因此可能就没有时间浏览后面的选项，造成“盲听”的后果。更严重的问题是，很多考生在考场上根本来不及涂完答题卡就交卷了，这种失分是相当可惜的。

鉴于此类问题，笔者提醒考生，平时在练习听力的时候，应该有意识地训练边听边涂卡的能力。市面上出售的真题基本都会附赠答题卡样张，建议考生在考前两周集中训练如何边听边填涂答题卡。

下面笔者以本次四级考试的一套听力试题为例来回顾此次四级考试听力部分的特点。

短对话部分考的大多是经典题型。经典题型的特点是出现频率极高，命题很有规律性，如本次四级听力短对话部分的第6题。这道题涉及人物的职业，可归为“人物身份”类的题型。要想把这类题做对，考生要重点关注录音中出现的与工作相关的内容，通过这些工作内容来推断人物的身份。考生需要注意，在录音中往往听不到选项中的原词，假如偶尔听到了选项中的原词，也大都是命题者设置的陷阱。本题的选项中出现了四个代表不同职业的词，分别是cleaner （清洁工）、mechanic （机修工）、porter （搬运工）和salesman （销售员）。听力录音中提到了修车、车辆保养等相关内容，据此考生可以推断此人的职业应该是机修工，因此正确答案为mechanic这一选项。

长对话部分主要是考查细节和人物关系，也以经典题居多，此外也出现了少量不太常见的题型。比如，这次四级听力长对话部分的第11题就是一道不太常见的题。这道题专门考查数字的听辨，考到了电话号码和分机号（extension）。这类题其实难度并不大，考生平时如果能稍加训练，基本上都能得分。

短文理解部分没有什么变化，一般会出现三段短文录音，题目以细节考查为主。做短文理解时，考生要提前浏览选项，推测短文的主题，并预测相关内容，然后在听录音的过程中注意捕捉选项中出现的名词和形容词等。比如，本次考试的第二篇短文理解考到了洗衣服的场景。在听录音前，考生只要花几秒时间浏览一下选项便可得知录音的主题内容，因为选项中出现了以下典型的单词和词组：clothes （衣服）、washer （洗衣机）、dryer （烘干机）、laundry （待洗的或洗好的衣服）、laundry room （洗衣房）等。

短文听写是本次四级听力唯一出现题型变化的部分。改革前的复合式听写除了考查单词和短语的听写外，还会考到三个长句的听写，而改革后不再听写长句了。也就是说，改革后的短文听写只听写单词和短语，因此难度有一定程度的下降。虽说短文听写一直以来都是最让考生头疼的题型，但实际上这一题型主要还是考查基本功，从本次四级改革后的试题尤其能看出这个特点。本次四级听力的短文听写部分基本没出现难词和生僻词，都是平时听力和阅读中出现的高频词和高频短语。比如，本次短文听写考到了in addition （此外）、software （软件）、in short （简言之）、scientific （科学的）等单词和短语。这些表达都是考生在平时的学习和生活中经常遇到的。因此，考生要想把短文听写做好，关键还是加强基本功，尤其要注意常用单词的拼写。

总结 四级听力部分在改革后变化不算大，难度也没有明显增加，考生在备考时可以多参考往年的听力真题。唯一需要提醒考生的是，平时要多训练边听边填涂答题卡的技巧。

四级改革后的阅读部分共有三种题型，按照试卷上出现的先后顺序，分别是选词填空、长篇阅读和仔细阅读。下面笔者以其中一套试题的阅读部分为例来具体分析。

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选词填空部分没有太大变化，依旧是以考查词汇和句型为主。从命题来看，选项中的单词以名词、形容词和动词为主，也有少量的副词，这些词都是重要的四级高频词汇。比如，选项中出现的较难的四级词汇主要有presently （目前）、realistic （现实的）、virtually （实际上，几乎）等；较简单的词有different、fast、cover、hope等。除词汇外，考生还要特别注意句型结构和语法搭配，以帮助自己更快地找到做题的突破点。如倒数第二题，原句是“That makes Shapiro optimistic， but also _____”。空格前的but also实际上是“not only …， but also …”的缩略形式，因此可以判断这句话为并列结构。原文句子的逗号前是一个描述心理状态的形容词optimistic （乐观的），因此，从原文的并列结构考生可推知两点：第一，该题空格处应填入一个形容词；第二，该形容词应该是一个描述心理活动的词。显然，选项中唯一符合要求的只有realistic一词，因此该词为正确答案。

阅读部分特别值得一提的是长篇阅读。长篇阅读这种考法第一次出现在四级考试中，实际上取代了改革前的快速阅读。改革前，快速阅读主要考查考生快速查找并定位细节信息的能力。从出题形式的角度来看，快速阅读采取“七加三”的模式：前七题是四选一的选择题；后三题是填空题，主要填写文中出现的单词和短语。改革后，快速阅读变成了长篇阅读，也叫段落信息匹配题。这次的长篇阅读总共有13个段落，文后有十道题（即十个句子），而每个句子只能匹配一个段落，这就意味着至少有三个段落没有出题，同时也有可能某个段落出两道题。这种考法与雅思考试的一类阅读题目类似。雅思考试阅读部分的题型种类很多，此次四级改革后长篇阅读题目的考法就是模仿了雅思阅读中的一种匹配题。对比改革前后，虽然这部分阅读题目形式完全不同，但考查的知识点和阅读技能都差不多，属于“换汤不换药”。因此，从解题来看，不管是哪种题型和考法，快速定位并查找文章相关细节信息的方法都是一样的。具体做法：先浏览文后各题，选取定位词（定位词以数字、名词和形容词为主，动词和副词次之），然后根据定位词回原文查找相关信息出现的段落，做题时要重点关注词和短语的同义替换。必须说明的一点是，匹配类题目的特点是“乱序”出题，即题号顺序和其对应的原文段落顺序是不一样的，考生需要根据题目内容回原文定位才能作答，现举一例来说明。比如，长篇阅读最后一题的题目句子如下：“Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job.”根据该题中的数字fifty percent和recent college graduates等信息，考生可以很快发现与之相匹配的内容在文章中间部分F段的第三句话：“More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree， and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has more than quintupled since 1999.”原文句子较长，而题目句子是对原文前半句的改写，考生可以找到明显的同义替换，如over fifty percent对应原文中的more than half，recent college graduates对应原文中的recent graduates，unable to find a suitable job对应原文中的unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree等。

仔细阅读部分无实质性变化，考查的重点依然是考生对原文细节的理解或相关内容的推断。从命题来看，细节题居多，推断题次之，偶有语义题。关于仔细阅读部分的解题思路和技巧，考生可以参看《新东方英语》杂志往期刊载的相关文章，如《四级阅读理解之细节信息题快速定位法》（2013年1月号）和《四级阅读理解之推断题》（2011年10月号）等。

总结 四级阅读部分的改革是“换汤不换药”，考查重点没有太大变化。考生要掌握好四级高频词汇，重点训练定位细节信息的能力。

段落翻译这种考法在四级考试中首次出现。从考查目的来看，四级考试的翻译题由原先考查简单的词组和句型表达转换为考查篇章的整体表达。因此，相比改革之前的句子翻译，改革后的段落翻译难度更大，分值所占的比重也更高，题目对考生的英语表达能力和语言水平要求也更高。

从考试内容来看，笔者目前收集到了四套翻译题，其中有三套题的题材涉及中国文化：一篇段落翻译的文章提到了中餐，另一篇文章讲的是中国结，还有一篇文章涉及中国的茶文化。其实，关于中国文化这一题材，改革样题中已经有所暗示。在2013年考前官方公布的四级样题中，段落翻译的内容就是剪纸艺术，而且从文章难度和句型结构来看，官方样题和本次四级翻译考试中与中国结相关的这篇文章极其相似。由此，考生可以了解官方样题的价值所在。另外，此次四级考试翻译部分的文章除了涉及中国文化题材外，还涉及了近些年特别热门的信息技术。这篇文章没有提到技术的细节，而是简单地讨论了信息技术的教育问题。实际上，这篇文章简单改写一下便可成为一篇绝佳的议论文写作题目。

总结 鉴于上面的分析，笔者建议考生平时把翻译和写作的训练结合起来，多做造句练习，并相应地补充一些语法知识。另外，为了拓展知识面并积累相关的英文表达，考生也可以多看一些双语的书刊和节目，如China Daily、CCTV-NEWS等都是不错的选择。

总的来说，2013年12月的四级考试虽然形式上有所调整，但试题难度并没有太大变化。从另一个方面来看，这样的改革其实是在提醒考生，在备考四级考试时要加强基本功的训练，这样才能做到以不变应万变。

2023年12月英语四级真题及答案汇总 篇3

Part III Listing Comprehension(35 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer, then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line though the centre.注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Plan his budget carefully.B)Give her more information.C)Ask someone else for advice.D)Buy a gift for his girlfriend.12.A)She’ll have some chocolate cake.B)She’ll take a look at the menu.C)She’ll go without dessert.D)She’ll prepare the dinner.13.A)The man can speak a foreign language.B)The woman hopes to improve her English.C)The woman knows many different languages.D)The man wishes to visit many more countries.14.A)Go to the library.B)Meet the woman.C)See Professor Smith.D)Have a drink in the bar.15.A)She isn’t sure when Professor Bloom will be back.B)The man shouldn’t be late for his class.C)The man can come back sometime later.D)She can pass on the message for the man.16.A)He has a strange personality.B)He’s got emotional problems.C)His illness is beyond cure.D)His behavior is hard to explain.17.A)The tickets are more expensive than expected.B)The tickets are sold in advance at half price.C)It’s difficult to buy the tickets on the spot.D)It’s better to buy the tickets beforehand.18.A)He turned suddenly and ran into a tree.B)He was hit by a fallen box from a truck.C)He drove too fast and crashed into a truck.D)He was trying to overtake the truck ahead of him.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)To go boating on the St.Lawrence River.B)To go sightseeing in Quebec Province.C)To call on a friend in Quebec City.D)To attend a wedding in Montreal.20.A)Study the map of Quebec Province.B)Find more about Quebec Province.C)Brush up on her French.D)Learn more about the local customs.21.A)It’s most beautiful in summer.B)It has many historical buildings.C)It was greatly expanded in the 18th century.D)It’s the only French-speaking city in Canada.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A)It was about a little animal.B)It took her six years to write.C)It was adapted from a fairy tale.D)It was about a little girl and her pet.23.A)She knows how to write best-selling novels.B)She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.C)She is able to win enough support from publishers.D)She can make a living by doing what she likes.24.A)The characters.B)The readers.C)Her ideas.D)Her life experiences.25.A)She doesn’t really know where they originated.B)She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.C)They popped out of her childhood dreams.D)They grew out of her long hours of thinking.Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One 26.A)Monitor students’ sleep patterns.B)Help students concentrate in class.C)Record students’ weekly performance.D)Ask students to complete a sleep report.27.A)Declining health.B)Lack of attention.C)Loss of motivation.D)Improper behavior.28.A)They should make sure their children are always punctual for school.B)They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment.C)They should help their children accomplish high-quality work.D)They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep.Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.A)She stopped being a homemaker.B)She became a famous educator.C)She became a public figure.D)She quit driving altogether.30.A)A motorist’s speeding.B)Her running a stop sign.C)Her lack of driving experience.D)A motorist’s failure to concentrate.31.A)Nervous and unsure of herself.B)Calm and confident of herself.C)Courageous and forceful.D)Distracted and reluctant.32.A)More strict training of women drivers.B)Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C)Improved traffic conditions in cities.D)New regulations to ensure children’s safety.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.A)They haven’t devoted as much energy to medicine as to space travel.B)Three are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C)It is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D)They believe people can recover without treatment.34.A)They reveal the seriousness of the problem.B)They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C)They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D)They show our body is fighting the virus.35.A)It actually does more harm than good.B)It causes damage to some organs of our body.C)It works better when combined with other remedies.D)It helps us to recover much sooner.Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。

You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in.This is very(36)________.All languages have two general levels of(37)________: a formal level and an informal level.English is no(38)________.The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a(39)________ level.Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks,(40)________ books and in business letters.You would also use formal English in compositions and(41)________ that you write in school.Informal language is used in conversation with(42)________, family members and friends, and when we write(43)________ notes or letters to close friends.Formal language is different from informal language in several ways.First, formal or a language family

tends member

to “Close

be the

more door，polite.please,”

(44)(45)________________________________.For example, I might say to a friend ________________________________.Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary.(46)________________________________.Let’s say that I really like soccer.If I am talking to my friend I might say “I am just crazy about soccer!” But if I were talking to my boss, I would probably say “I really enjoy soccer.”

答案：

2023年12月英语四级真题及答案汇总 篇4

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

For decades, Americans have taken for granted the United States’ position in the development of new technologies. The innovations (创新) resulted from research and development during World War II and afterwards were __36__ to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of __37__ society now depend, were possible because the United States __38__ then the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the __39__ of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.

The decline in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math) seems to be __40__ related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business-Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remedial (补习的) math __41__. and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering __42__ complete a major in those fields.

The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, __43__ in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront (前沿) of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the __44__ performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn __45__ in the STEM disciplines in developing countries, especially China, than in the United States.

A) accelerating

B) actually

C) closely

D) contemporary

E) courses

F) critical

G) declining

H) degrees

I) especially

J) future

K) led

L) met

M) procedures

N) proportions

2023年12月英语四级真题及答案汇总 篇5

As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours hasbecome a badge o? Plus, we live in a culture that 36 to the lateCnighter, from 24-hourgrocery store to ? shopping site that never close. It’sno surprise, then, that more than half of American adults get the 7 to 9 hoursof shut-eye every night as 37 by sleep experts.

Whether or not we can catch up on sleep C on the weekend, say- is ahotly 38 among sleep researchers. The latest evidence suggests thatwhile it isn’t 39 , it might ? when Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher andprofessor of medicine, brought 40 sleep-rest people into the lab for aweekend of sleep during which they lagged about 10 hours per night. ? showed41 in the ability of insulin(胰岛素) to process blood sugar. That suggests ? upsleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep 42 causes, which is encouraging ? given howmany adults don’t get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn’t 43 to end the habit of sleeping lessand making up for it later.

Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not 44 aneffective remedy either. “A sleeping pill will 45 one area of the brain,but there’s never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn’treally replicate (复制)the differentchemicals moving in and out of different parts ? the brain to go through thedifferent stages of sleep,” says Dr. Nancy Collop, director of the Em?University Sleep Center.

A) alternatively I) negotiated

B) caters J) pierce

C) chronically K) presumption

D) debated L) ready

E) deprivation M) recommended

F) ideal N) surpasses

G) improvements O) target

H) necessarily

答案：BMDFO GELHJ

Climatechange may be real, but it’s still not easy being green

How do we convince our inner cavemanto be greener?We ask some outstanding social scientists.

A) The road to climatehell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters whilescientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem isless obvious: our own behaviour. We get distracted before we can turn down theheating. We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbor’s ripto India. Ultimately, we can’t be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunatelyfor the planet, social science and behavioral economics may be able to do thatfor us.

B) Despite mournfulpolar bears and carts showing carbon emissions soaring, mot people find it hardto believe that global warming will affect them personally. Recent polls by thePew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent ofparticipants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondentsranked it last on a list of priorities.

C) This inconsistencylargely stems from a feeling of powerlessness. “When we can’t actually removethe source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range ofdefense mechanisms,” says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmentalorganization World Wide Fund for Nature.

D) Part of the faultlies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to pay mostattention to issues that will have an immediate impact. “We worry most aboutnow because if we don’t survive for the next minute, we’re not going to bearound in ten years’ time,” says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre forResearch on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York. If theThames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem ofemissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks―andbenefits―associated with issues that lie some way ahead.

E) Matthew Rushworth,of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, seesthis in his lab every day. “One of the ways in which all agents seem to makedecisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going tobe further away in the future,” he says. “This is a very sensible way for ananimal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful forhumans for thousands of years.”

2023年12月英语四级真题及答案汇总 篇6

2012年12月四级考试的最大变化是本次考试首次采用了“多题多卷”的方式进行。那么什么是“多题多卷”呢？“多题多卷”是指在同一个考场中同时使用多套内容不同的试卷进行考试，这与以往的考试方式有极大的不同。以往考试采取的方式是“一题多卷”，即试题内容相同，而试题顺序不同。“一题多卷”对防止考生作弊曾起到了积极作用，而这次采取的“多题多卷”方式则可以更加彻底地防止考生作弊。由于每个考生在拿到试题前都无法预知自己会拿到哪套题，因此杜绝了作弊的可能。

很多考生都关心一个问题：如果采取“多题多卷”的方式，那么不同试卷的难度难免会有所不同，这会不会对考生的成绩产生影响呢？其实，各位考生大可不必过于担心。根据四、六级考试的官方声明，四级考试所采用的多套试卷之间的难度差异对考生成绩产生的影响将通过各试卷间的等值计算来进行处理，因此考生成绩不会受到影响。下面笔者对2012年12月四级考试的阅读部分进行评析。

阅读材料内容综述

从阅读材料来看，本次四级阅读文章和以往的四级阅读文章并无实质性差别。首先，从文章体裁来看，依旧是以论说文为主。其次，从文章题材来看，本次考试的文章题材涉及商业经济、医疗保健等常见话题。

很多考生注重题目类型的研究，却往往忽视了对文章题材的研究，但事实上，文章题材对于解题是非常重要的。下面笔者就结合此次考试和以往考试的真题，简要介绍四级考试阅读部分经常涉及的文章题材。

在历年四级考试的阅读部分，商业经济类话题的文章出现频率较高，特别是涉及美国经济和社会问题的文章。从2011年开始，此类话题的文章出现得尤其多，如2011年12月的一篇阅读文章涉及了美国经济危机的问题，2012年6月的一篇阅读文章论述了美国经济危机和家庭配偶关系的问题，2012年12月的一篇阅读文章谈到了美国的失业率问题。因此，考生务必要重点关注此类话题的文章。

另一个出现频率较高的话题是医疗保健，如2012年12月的四级阅读部分就出现了关于定期进行癌症筛查的文章。很多考生碰到这类文章会觉得头疼，其中一个原因在于此类话题的文章中会出现一些大家平时接触不太多的表达，如tumor （肿瘤）、preventive check-up （预防性体检）、life span （寿命）、strike （疾病的侵袭）等词汇。因此考生在复习备考的过程中，要注意总结和积累有关此类话题的词汇。

教育也是四级阅读所偏爱的一类话题。教育类的话题又可以大致分为学校教育和家庭教育两大类，其中关于学校教育尤其是高等教育的文章出现得较多，几乎年年都会涉及。此类话题的文章内容一般不算太难，词汇也不算生僻，建议考生多读此类文章，关注相关高频词汇，比如tuition （学费）、institute （学院，学会）等。

另外，关于环境保护的话题也比较常见。对于环保题材的文章，建议各位考生熟悉以下几个出现频率较高的词：sustainable （可持续发展的）、eco-friendly （环保的，无污染的）、greenhouse （温室）、emissions （排放的气体）。

最后，科技类的话题尤其是有关网络的话题也经常出现。在本次四级考試的几套考卷中，其中一套考卷深度阅读部分的第二篇文章便涉及了高科技产品的内容。文中反复出现的high-tech （高科技）一词值得考生注意。另外，文中出现的一系列科技类话题的常用词汇考生也要熟悉，如online media （网络媒体）、innovation （创新）、high-tech product （高科技产品）、smartphone （智能手机）、laptop （笔记本电脑）。

下面笔者简要分析2012年12月四级阅读各部分题型的命题特点，并重点讲解各部分的难点和易错点。

1.快速阅读

2012年12月四级考试的快速阅读部分仍沿用了过去的命题方式，现以其中一套考题的阅读文章The Magician为例进行简单分析。

The Magician一文主要介绍了近几年的热门话题人物Steve Jobs （史蒂夫·乔布斯）的生平及其主要成就。从题材来看，本文属于商业类文章。历年四级阅读中出现的商业类文章一般都不会太难，本文也不例外。

从题目类型来看，快速阅读部分的前七道题是选择题，主要考查文章细节，偶尔考查推断性内容，对考生来说难度不算大。快速阅读部分的后三道题是填空题，这往往是考生丢分较多的“重灾区”。但其实填空题难度并不大，只要考生做题时足够细心，一般都能得分。如The Magician一文后面的第8题：“In spite of the user-friendliness of Apple products， critics complained that they were ______.”要回答这道题，考生首先应找到原文中与之相关的句子。根据题干关键词critics，考生可将答案信息定位至倒数第三段第一句话：“Mr. Jobs had a reputation as a control freak， and his critics complained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible …”在题干中，空格前的they指代的是题干中的Apple products，其对应的正是原文中的products and systems，故该题答案显然是closed and inflexible。

nlc202309032333

2.深度阅读

2012年12月四级考试深度阅读部分的题型与以往相同，没有太大改变，都是以细节题和推断题为主。这两种题型总体难度都不大，对于考生来说较难的一种题型是词义题。鉴于此，这部分我们主要来探讨一下词义题。

所谓词义题，是指题干引用文中的某个词或词组，然后问该词或词组是什么意思。词义题一般难度较大，考生丢分比较严重，不过好在此类题在四级阅读中出现频率较低。词义题在每次考试中都会出现，但一般每次只会出现一两道题。这类题一般不会单纯考查考生词汇量的大小，而是考查某个词或词组在文章语境中的特定含义。因此，考生在碰到此类题时切不可根据自己的词汇知识想当然地选择其含义，而应该回原文找到该词所在句，分析上下文语境，从而推断出答案。在本次四级考试的几套考题中，只有一套考卷中出现了一道词义题，如下所示。

63. What does the author mean by “me-too products”？

A） Products with no substantial difference.

B） Products tailored to individual users.

C） Products everyone is eager to possess.

D） Products companies compete to make.

解析：本题考查的是“me-too products”在文中的含义。首先，考生要回原文找到该词所在句，即第三段第四句话：“That is， the new offerings companies are pushing out the door every six months or so are me-too products or ones with just a couple of new features.”接着，考生要分析原文内容。该句指出各公司每隔半年左右推出的新产品是“me-too products”，而其后的or表示一种解释关系，由此我们得知所谓“me-too products”指的是ones with just a couple of new features （那些只有几个新特征的产品）。最后，结合原文内容，逐一对照该题的四个选项，考生会发现A选项Products with no substantial difference （并无实质性差别的产品）与原文句意最吻合，故该题答案为A选项。

3.选词填空

2012年12月四级阅读的选词填空部分与以往相同，考查的重点仍然是动词、名词和形容词的用法。副词出现频率不高，从历年出题情况来看，平均每次考试会出现两个左右。下面笔者就以本次“多题多卷”考题的其中一套题为例，简单分析本次考试选词填空部分的特点。

该套考题选词填空部分的文章涉及商业类话题。从命题角度看，选项中出现的词有难有易，简单词如ensure、unusual和fill等，较难的词如appealing、occupations和recession等。值得一提的是，有些词虽然较常见，但可能会考查到其不太常见的用法，比如fill一词。这个词相信考生都非常熟悉，它作为动词使用时的常用词义是“装满，填满，堵塞”，但本次考题中考查的却是大家不太熟悉的含义。原文内容如下：“Women now 51 a majority of jobs in the US …”空格前出现的名词women为主语，空格后的名词词组a majority of jobs为宾语，可见此句缺少的是谓语，故51题的空白处应该填入一个动词。根据选项，唯有fill一词可以和a majority of jobs形成搭配，fill在此处表示的意思是“担任（职务等）”。很多考生不熟悉fill的这层意思，因此在做题时感到无所适从。

要想取得选词填空题部分的高分，一方面，考生要加强词汇学习，尤其要多多积累动词、形容词的固定搭配和用法以及一些抽象名词的含义和用法；另一方面，考生应适当强化语法知识学习，尤其是要学会分析句子成分。另外，考生在学习词汇时要多留意一些“熟词僻义”的用法。

备考策略

针对马上要到来的2013年6月的四级考试，笔者为考生提出以下备考策略。

1.认真研究真题。四级考试是标准化考试，因此不论考试内容和形式如何变化，其命题思路都会保持相对稳定。因此，建议考生認真分析每道真题的出题点和选项特征，尤其要重视曾经做错的题目。

2.尽量少接触或者不接触模拟题。由于市面上模拟题的质量参差不齐，无法完全模拟出真实考试的难度水平，因此，考生如果忽视真题而做太多模拟题，极有可能在解题思路上被误导。

3.归纳相关话题词汇。如前文所述，四级阅读材料涉及的话题是有限的，而且涉及相同话题的文章中所使用的词汇都会有所重复。因此，考生不要盲目背单词，可以先把真题中出现的话题词汇归纳出来，然后牢记，之后再用大纲词汇表查缺补漏，这样才能做到重点突出、目标明确。

12月英语四级阅读真题答案 篇7

31-35 F H I C B

A. associated （v +ed.） 与…相关联

B. examine（v.）检查；检测

C. indicate（v.）意味；指示；象征

D. nuisance（n.）讨厌的人或事

E. peak（n.）巅峰；峰值

F. preventing（v +ing.）防止；组织

G. prohibiting（v +ing.）禁止

H. sensitive（a.）敏感的

I. slight（a.）微小的

J. specify（v.）详细说明；指定

K. superior（a.）高超的；优秀的

L. suspicious（a.）可疑的

M. tip（n.）尖端

N. treated（v +ed）被治疗的；被对待的

O. visual（a.）视觉的

36. I

定位：段落第一句，”Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation ,in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.”

37. E

定位：段落首句。”Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-home exams.”

38. C

定位：段落第三句“He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.”

39. D

定位：段落首句“He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.”

40. B

定位： have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I Learned this, figuring I Had a full week to do the research.

41. H

定位：here are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.

42. G

定位：students’ test-form preferences vary ,too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.

43. F

定位：Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help.

44. A

定位：So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.

45. J

定位：“I like in-classs exams because the time is already reserved ,as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.

46-50 D C A C B