茶花女大学生读后感作文(通用10篇)
玛格丽特,贫困的乡下姑娘,来到巴黎后,便开始了她的卖笑生涯。因为她的花容月貌,深得贵族公子的宠爱。玛格丽特每一天的装扮,少不了一束茶花作为装饰,“茶花女”因此得名。
唯一一个让“茶花女”爱的死去活来的即是阿芒,而故事的结局却不乏悲剧色彩。
当书看到一半,总觉得导致悲剧结尾的导火索是阿芒的父亲,是他认为玛格丽特这种风流女子不配得到幸福而请求她离开他的儿子,才将两个相爱的人活活地拆开。
渐渐地,我觉得,阿芒的虚荣心、占有欲比爱玛格丽特的份量还要多。当玛格丽特应阿芒父亲的要求写给阿芒分手信后,阿芒就否定了玛格丽特对他的感情,抛弃了对他的一切应有的信任;当再一次回到玛格丽特身边的时候,阿芒想到的是无止境的报复、猜疑。或许他要的只是拥有名妓的虚荣罢了,如同玛格丽特怒斥阿芒时所说的那样:“你,你不愿意让我知道你的情况,你要我保留我的虚荣心来满足你的虚荣心,你想保持我过去的奢侈生活,你想保持我们思想上的差距,你,总之,不相信我对你的无私的爱情,不相信我愿意和你同甘共苦,有了你这笔财产我们本来可以一起生活得很幸福,但你宁愿把自己弄的倾家荡产,你这种成见真是太深根蒂固了。你以为我会把虚荣当成幸福吗?一个人心中没有爱情的时候可以满足虚荣,但是一旦有了爱情,虚荣就变得庸俗不堪了。”
这又让我想起为何阿芒已经拿到律师资格之后,抛弃所要追求的事业,暂且在巴黎过着懒散风流的生活,与风流女子来往。
一切,都是虚荣心在作怪。这又让我想起了《项链》的主人公马蒂尔德夫人,因为一时的虚荣心,向自己的富人朋友借了一根项链参加宴会,结果却把项链弄丢了。为了偿还那借来的项链,马蒂尔德用了十年的时间还清买项链的债务,最后得知那只是一串假项链,那个时候,马蒂尔德什么也没有了。
虚荣,这又要归咎于当时法国资本主义冷漠拜金的社会现象。书中有这么一句话:“他们会交换几句对死者的回忆,然后他们的生活又会一如既往,就像什么事也没有发生过一样,甚至谁有没有洒下一滴同情的眼泪。”人与人之间的冷漠无情、虚伪表露无遗。
再一次看《茶花女》这个题目,茶花,美丽、高雅。茶花女玛格丽特的命运也似乎是如此,她也平凡,心如纸般纯洁,出淤泥而不染。没有一个人会想走上妓女这条悲剧之路,对于玛格丽特,我们应该像作者所说的那样,宽恕并理解整这个灵魂。
玛格丽特就像那一朵静谧的茶花。她因为茶花而得名,也因这个名字而出名,无论在爱情还是在生活中她拥有着茶花的品质但是依旧和茶花一样有凋零的那一刻。在那个时代,没有人能读懂这位茶花女的心,因为在那样的社会中生活太久了,阶级观念太重了,都麻木了……
看了茶花女已经有两三个星期了吧,本来早就想写点关于读茶花女的有感了,只是每天都不知道在干什么,什么正事都不做,虚度人生ing,要告别这种虚度人生的生活,那就从今天做起吧,每天要好好看看书,好好做自己应该做的事情。
还是言归正传,谈谈茶花女里面的事情,茶花女讲述的是一个爱情故事,讲述了阿尔芒爱上了一个妓女玛格丽特,其实这只是一个简单的爱情故事,但是放在当时特定的社会中,故事中的女主角,在阿尔芒付清的干涉下,决定放弃她所爱的人,回到自己过去的生活中去为了她心爱的人,忍辱负重,最后惨淡的结束了自己的一生,正是这种牺牲的精神让我们为之感动,其实我们的生活中也有很多这样的爱情故事……
《茶花女》里面有这么一段玛格丽特所说的话:“男人们眼巴巴地期望着得到一次的东西,给了他们以后,时间一长,他们非但不满足,反而要他们的情妇讲清现在、过去、甚至将来的情况。随着他们熟悉了情妇,他们便想控制她。给了他们所需要的一切以后,他们变得越发得寸进尺。如果眼下我决议再找一个情人的话,我要他具有三项罕见的品质,就是他要信赖人、顺从和谨慎。”我觉得这段话很好的描述了一个人一个男人的心里,这体现了一个男人的占有欲……
她所处的浮华世界并不在意,或者说根本不相信这种高贵,也不需要这种高贵。他们无休止地挥霍自己的财产、青春,挥霍完了就成为别人的茶余饭后的谈资,从来不考虑今后如何,生命的意义等等问题。寻欢作乐是他们的爱好,及时行乐是他们的信条。等到不能过这种生活了,只能自认倒霉。他们从来不去感受什么感情,体会什么生活的味道。流行的是逢场作戏,今朝有酒今朝醉。
对于象玛格丽特·戈蒂这样的人,他们不惜花费重金来讨好她,拥有她。他们这样做的原因只有一个,那就是,她年轻、漂亮,身价高,获得她的青睐就能为自己带来虚荣,引起别人的羡慕,甚至是嫉妒。在他们眼中,她就是一个奢华、高雅的装饰品,可以用来炫耀。一旦失去光泽,那么对不起,只能被抛在脑后,甚至不会稍微回过头来,留恋地看一眼。因为他们还有更多的装饰品可选。失去这个装饰品是很可惜,但绝不能因此来影响自己寻欢作乐的心情,绝不能傻到企图挽留。
所以,在玛格丽特·戈蒂身边,热闹是热闹,但从来没有人肯为她驻足,感受她的心灵,发现她的高贵,关心她的健康。因此,阿尔芒。杜瓦因为担心她的健康,出自真心的一滴眼泪是如此的真实、珍贵。正是这滴最不值钱的眼泪,感动了玛格丽特。他的感情不同于她的其他情人,是真正发自内心的关爱。希望她幸福,真正为她着想。他的真挚感动了玛格丽特·戈蒂。他们相爱了。玛格丽特·戈蒂为了得到这种爱,不惜抛弃自己久已习惯的不真实的奢侈生活,过贞洁的简单生活。
但是,她所处的社会不允许有这样真挚的感情存在。他们的地位相差太悬殊。阿尔芒。杜瓦的贵族身份不允许他有这样一个地位低贱的情人。这会败坏他们家的门楣,使他们的家族身败名裂,在当地抬不起头,影响他们的仕途、他妹妹的婚姻。
故事讲述的是一个悲惨的爱情故事,玛格丽特原来是个贫苦的乡下姑娘,因家庭困难,来到巴黎后,开始了卖笑生涯。由于生得花容月貌,巴黎的贵族公子争相追逐,成了红极一时的“社交明星”。她随身的装扮总是少不了一束茶花,人称“茶花女”。在一次巧遇中,阿尔芒认识了这位美丽的姑娘,并且喜欢上了她,而玛格丽特也为青年阿尔芒的真挚爱情所感动,毅然离开社交生活,与阿尔芒同居乡间。阿尔芒之父责备玛格丽特毁了儿子的前程,玛格丽特被迫返回巴黎重操旧业。阿尔芒盛怒之下,在社交场合当众羞辱她。玛格丽特一病不起,最后终于郁郁而终唯一留给阿尔芒的只有那几篇日记。阿尔芒读了玛格丽特的遗书,方知真相,追悔莫及。
玛格丽特虽然是一个妓女,但她却愿意为了生命中来之不易的真爱而放弃了自己习以为常的荣华富贵,放弃了自己悠闲且快乐的生活,只为与心爱的人在一起。与之相反的那些贵妇人,他们虽然得到了她们所梦寐以求的富有,但她们却恰恰丢失了珍贵的爱情。
就是这么一个出色的人物面对她的不是人们的怜悯,而是朋友们的排挤,阿尔芒父亲的恶语中伤,以及阿尔芒的欺凌。最后她终于因为无法忍受世俗的压迫而一蹶不振,郁郁而终。
虽然玛格丽特有一个极度悲惨的人生,但我认为他并不是一个悲惨的人,因为至少她得到了真爱,即使阿尔芒没有在她最痛苦的时候守护她,并且还在众目睽睽之下百般的羞辱她,但她不介意,因为她曾经得到过,所以她谁也不怨。
我真的觉得很奇怪,在旧社会,且无论在国内还是在国外,人们明明都在鄙视放荡的妓女,但为什么却又要逼良为娼呢?这又是个什么道理,我弄不清楚,我也不想弄清楚。因为在我看来,妓女不是都是不好的,重情重义的也有很多杜十娘、苏小小、还有羊脂球,包括茶花女,都是一个个出色的人物。她们的人生都很不如意,但她们却用死亡来控诉自己的遭遇,之后就似失去光彩的蝴蝶飘落人间。
茶花是一种很顽强的植物,就像小仲马笔下的玛格丽特一样,虽然世俗给予她无数的嘲弄,但她还是坚强的活着,如果她不是病入膏肓,她也许还是会坚强的活着,但如果她不曾遇见阿尔芒,也许永远也不会知道什么才是真正的幸福,真正的快乐……
当我看完这本书的时候我不会像别的读者那样埋怨小仲马的残忍,我会感谢他,因为是他塑造了一个可敬可佩的传奇女子,然而我倒是希望这朵已经凋零的茶花再次萌芽的时候,可以远离城市的喧嚣,即使是像陶渊明那样隐居山林,不去理会人世间的的勾心斗角,也许,她就会很快乐,更不会重蹈覆辙了,这都是我的肺腑之言,我真心祝福。
她是一个本性善良的姑娘,否则她不会为爱放弃一切,但是她为何入红尘,做了妓-女。这个使她永无翻身的地狱,是她自愿的,还是被-逼于无奈?在这个只是表面华丽,而内心里丑陋的现实里,人们彼此互相欺骗,用虚伪遮掩在世界里,她在存在是必然的,她的命运更是无法逆转的。或许连她自己都在厌恶这一切。
在她的四周,没有人对她付出真情,没有人是因为为了她而爱她。普吕珰丝,若不是为了得到酬金,她会对玛格丽特到奴颜婢膝的地步;那些情规,若不是为了得到她,他们会供养她吗;那些买卖人,若不是为了在她身上大赚一笔,会在她身上搞投资吗„„不会,不会,不会„„。一直到她名将就木之时。她们才露出原形。一张张可怕甚至事业心的脸,而对她,他们不再需要那张虚伪的面具,只因为她再也没有利用的价值。最可悲的是她死后,那些人便急于拍卖她的物品。她就像一群没有用的垃圾,被遗忘,被抛弃,被压在尘芥堆的底层,无声无息。
或许她生命里最闪光的一点是阿尔芒,他们彼此都负出了趋势的感情,都为对方做出了牺牲。但是他们这段爱情,却得不到任何人的承认,得不到任何人的答应,得不到这个社会的许可。玛格丽特是妓女,虽然她放弃了一切,但是仍无法改变现实,在那里没有人能接受,也不用说相信,一个妓女会从良,她永远活在妓女的阴影里。最终还是为了阿尔芒,又沦落了。同时也为了他的妹妹。是的,“她像最高尚的女人一样冰清玉洁。有多么贪婪,她就有多么无私”。
阿尔芒虽有软弱的一面,但是他冲动,易怒,妒忌心又如此之强。他并不理解玛格丽特,他如此偏激地认为自己受骗了,不断地进行报复,他的心中越是布满恨,越是显得玛格丽特的痛,她的悲。但是玛格丽特并不后悔所有的选择,她深信当他知道真相,她会在他的眼中显得格外崇高,然而却发生在她死后的事情。玛格丽特是一个坚强的姑娘,她一个人面临着死亡,她又如此善良,不愿让他看到自己死亡前的痛苦。她一生最快乐的时光是阿尔芒给予的,但她一生最痛苦的时光同样也是阿尔芳给予的。(面临死前要永远的诀别是最痛苦的)阿尔芒的出现,是使她走向命运终点的催化剂。使她的悲惨命运更加深化。或许没有阿尔芒出现即使没有了闪耀点,也不会有深切的痛苦。或许正是因为阿尔芒,她的生命才有了光彩。她才能够从这个悲惨的世界里完全的解脱。
小仲马的《茶花女》是一部不朽之作。在里面阿尔芒和茶花女的爱情是主题。他们相爱,但是得不到世人的同情,反而受到了许多不平的待遇。这是很正常的,谁都不愿意让自己的儿子去娶一个妓女,茶花女是妓女,她靠出卖她的青春来换得饭吃。这一点她与其它于这行的女子没什么分别,但是她不同与其它风尘女子的是,她有着聪明的脑子,她看许多书,知道了许多东西,她有自己的思维和想法,是个上知天文下知地理的女子,而不是那种只懂得用外貌来吸引男人的普通妓女,这也是为什么她会得到这么多的上流社会的男人的喜欢与宠爱的原因了。
无疑,这是一段感人肺腑的,悲壮凄惨的,让人同情的,美好的爱情,尤其在十九世纪中期资产阶级社会早期世态炎凉中,赤裸裸金钱关系的那个社会,更让人赞叹不已。
没有华丽的文字,但那真挚的感情对白却让每一个有过恋爱经历的人身临其境,渐渐地把主人公与自己融为一体,能够设身处地地为他们的恋爱着想,为他们的欢乐而轻松,为他们的悲剧而沉重。
小说的主人公玛格丽特本是一位贫穷的乡下姑娘,为谋生来到巴黎,不幸落入风尘,做了妓女,染上了挥霍钱财的恶习;她疯狂地寻欢作乐麻痹自己,但内心却讨厌这种空虚的生活.这个依旧保持有纯洁心灵的沦落女子,向往真正的爱情生活,后来被阿尔芒的一片赤诚之心所感动,彼此深深地相爱,在远离巴黎市区的乡间过起美满的田园生活.玛格丽特受到创伤的心灵也开始愈合,并决心彻底改掉过去的习惯,永远和阿尔芒在一起,享受一个正常女人的真正生活.可惜,这时,阿尔芒的父亲为了家庭的声誉恳请码格丽特离开阿尔芒,一再给码格丽特种种侮辱,难堪.面对生活的沉重打击,她对人生更加心灰意冷.当阿尔芒得知真情赶到码格丽特身边时,她因贫病交加,身心交瘁,孤苦伶仃地死在自
己的寓所里.这段爱情自始至终就没有一个坚实的经济基础,似乎注定了他们的悲剧。但我认为这并不是主要原因,因为玛格丽特最后已经放弃那每年十多万法郎的生活,而跟随阿尔芒去过那田园的平民的生活。而此时,经济已不再是问题了。还是阿尔芒不果断地去强迫她,离开巴黎,去另外一个环境去忘记过去。而实际上,他有很多机会可以这样做。
码格丽特是一个坚强的姑娘,她一个人面临着死亡,她又如此善良,不愿让他看到自己死亡前的痛苦.她一生最快乐的时光是阿尔芒给予的,但她一生最痛苦的时光同样也是阿尔芒给予的.面临死前要永远的诀别是最痛苦的,阿尔芒的出现,是使她走向命运终点的催化剂.使她的悲惨命运更加深化.或许没有阿尔芒出现即使没有了闪耀点,也不会有深切的痛.或许正是因为阿尔芒,她的生命才有了光彩.她才能够从这个悲惨的世界里完全的解脱.这让我想起了杜十娘的悲剧,尽管阿尔芒好过千百倍那个秀才。但结果无疑是可悲的,男主人公是这悲剧的原因之一。
不知为什么,我总有一股同情这种人的情怀。今晚上,当我正在为阿尔芒气愤的时候,有个同学说:换了你也会这样做,因为她是妓女。我立刻反驳他,我决定这并不是原因,如果他们是真心相爱的。
《茶花女》这本书我好久以前曾粗略地读过,当时也没有什么特别的感触。而当我再次拿起这本书耐心品读,却发现它是多么好的一个作品。读过后仿佛自己的心灵也下过一场雨,那些杂乱的世俗的东西被荡涤过后,显得无比清新和纯净。
其实我并不这么喜欢这本书,情节也许那时看非常新颖但在玛丽苏体泛滥的今天实在有些老套。不过很喜欢的是里面对阿尔芒作为一个狂热的暗恋者,爱人,报复者的心理描绘,真的很感人。尤其是那种当近乎放逐自己一般和那个人在一起时爱到几乎想杀了对方的冲动,催人泪下。
但是我最爱的,是当阿尔芒父亲动摇了玛格丽特时她内心的感受。诚实的说,几乎所有类似文体或影视剧都会出现类似的父母,不通人情或者动之以情,让女主人公感受到自己给心爱的对方造成的拖累,最终选择默默放弃。然而多少年来,没有人准确表达了玛格丽特当时的感受,就是:崇高。
“所有这一切都在我心里激起了一个崇高的思想,这些思想是我在自己心目中变得有价值,并使我产生了一种从未有过的圣洁的自豪感。当我想到这个为了他儿子的前途而像我恳求的老年人,有一天会告诉他女儿要把我名字当做一个神秘的朋友的名字来祈祷,我的思想境界就与过去截然不同了,我的内心充满了骄傲。”
“一想到用这个新的错误所赎回的东西是我自豪的满脸生光”
所以在玛格丽特的心里,这样的付出并不是牺牲,而是自己抛弃爱情所获得的高于一切的崇高情操。包括后来她告诉阿尔芒自己内心那“愉快”的痛苦,就是“他现在越看不起她,以后就约会为她的行为而感到崇敬”时那种可以克服爱情的高于一切的心境,才是真正打动我的地方。
《潜伏》中余则成在帮助晚秋投身革^命事业时曾经说过,当你走在队伍中,唱着歌迈着步子,小小的余则成算什么,他只是一个路人,挥挥手你们就分别了,你有着更加崇高的使命。
这样的感觉,实话说,很让我着迷。尤其是在我偶尔沉溺于“小布尔乔亚”一般那种凄凄切切的心情时,这样光明遥远高尚可以让我为自己的小儿女之情之微不足道而羞愧的感觉很让人向往。
提到大小仲马父子,会有人开玩笑说:有其父必有其子。大仲马一生风流不羁,与缝衣女工生下私生子小仲马,虽然多年之后认养了小仲马,但是却抛弃了缝衣女工。小仲马在父亲的熏陶下成长,也成了一个情人众多的风流种子。
有一天,年轻风流的小仲马遇到了社交名媛阿尔丰西娜-普莱西,或者叫她玛丽-杜普莱西。她是一个风尘女子,或者直接地说,她就是一个妓女。作为茶花女玛格丽特的原型,虽然玛丽-杜普莱西只活了二十三个年头,但可以说她既尝遍了生活的辛酸凄苦,也享尽了人间的奢华逸乐。小仲马在回忆中这样描写她:“……她的个子高高的,身材苗条,乌黑的头发,面色白里透红。她的头生得小巧玲珑,一双细长的、像日本女人似的眼睛又黑又亮,顾盼自如,生出无限风情。她的嘴唇像鲜红的樱桃,再加上一口洁白的牙齿,使人联想起一尊雕像。”
小仲马与她第一次见面,玛丽-杜普莱西就咳出了血,小仲马对她表现出真挚的关心,玛丽-杜普莱西深受感动,而后两人很快走到了一起。但是生活是现实的,小仲马收入不高,而玛丽-杜普莱西需要维系每天跳舞、赴宴、看戏、跑马这样奢侈的生活,小仲马无法容忍她同时交往多个情人的现实,两人最终分道扬镳。而后小仲马出国旅行,回到巴黎便听闻了玛丽-杜普莱西的死讯。玛丽-杜普莱西死后葬在蒙马特公墓,她因欠下大笔的债务需要拍卖遗产,付清欠款所剩的一笔钱留给了她乡下的外甥女,唯一的要求就是:终生不得来到巴
黎。
在玛丽-杜普莱西死后四个月,小仲马开始动笔著作《茶花女》,一个月时间一气呵成,在次年玛丽-杜普莱西去世一周年后不久将其发表出来。同年,小仲马开始话剧《茶花女》的创作,受到阻挠,经过小仲马的努力,话剧于玛丽-杜普莱西逝世五周年前一天上演。
花费了如此多的笔墨诉说了《茶花女》“背后的故事”,这无疑使我对玛格丽特这个人物有了更深刻的理解。同她的原型一样,玛格丽特是个乡下姑娘,来到巴黎以后,成为了受人追捧的社交名媛——或者说名妓。在上流社会中,她过着繁华奢侈的生活,玛格丽特接受贵族名流的赠与,但还是入不敷出,欠下巨额的外债。同时,她也看透了上流社会的那些绅士,这让无法得到真正爱情的玛格丽特渴望真正的爱情。而阿尔芒的出现让她看到了希望的影子。阿尔芒多次探看她的病情,却不肯留下姓名,这深深地感动了玛格丽特。到最后,她甘愿为了这爱情付出一切——变卖首饰,接受阿尔芒父亲的劝告离开阿尔芒,受到阿尔芒报复的伤害,郁郁地离世,这些都证明了玛格丽特对阿尔芒的真爱。
值得说明的是,在真爱这一点上她的原型,玛丽-杜普莱西并不是如同玛格丽特一样的。小仲马说她“既是一个纯洁无瑕的贞女,又是一个彻头彻尾的娼妇”。玛丽-杜普莱西在背叛了与小仲马的爱情之后曾经这样回应小仲马的质问:“撒谎?经常撒谎的人牙齿不是更白吗?”这说明,在小仲马浪漫主义的笔调下,玛格丽特从玛丽-杜普莱西身上得到了升华,她不是那个已经彻底堕落的妓女,而是经过真
爱的净化,变得纯洁崇高的茶花女了。
除了玛格丽特,阿尔芒是《茶花女》中另外一个关键人物。他真诚的爱上了一个在上流社会左右逢源,情人众多的妓女。他爱玛格丽特,真正地爱着她,这让阿尔芒无法接受玛格丽特与其他情人的接触,嫉妒与怀疑让阿尔芒最终伤害了玛格丽特。最后,在玛格丽特下葬之后,甚至为了见其最后一面,特意为其买了墓地看她再次下葬。
有人评论阿尔芒,自私虚荣,嫉妒多疑,配不上玛格丽特。将他与《杜十娘女沉百宝箱》中的李甲相提并论,这是我无法认同的。孰不知爱情本就是自私的,如果阿尔芒对玛格丽特的其他情人视而不见,那么他就不是真正地爱着玛格丽特。同样,付出的真爱遭到背叛的怨恨蒙蔽了他的理智,所以他才极端地报复了玛格丽特,使得她郁郁而终,这也对阿尔芒自身造成了深刻的伤痛。所以,两人的爱情悲剧不能归结到某个人——甚至是劝说玛格丽特离开阿尔芒的老迪瓦尔身上。
他们的爱情悲剧是时代的产物。小仲马著作《茶花女》是在法国的七月王朝时期,有资料上是这么说的:七月王朝时期金融贵族掌握着法国的统治大权,社会动荡不安,阶级矛盾十分激烈。自由竞争使得一部分人破产,另一部分人却大发横财。前者过着骄奢淫逸的糜烂生活,后者则流离转徙。这就不难理解,为什么玛格丽特这样一个乡下姑娘到了巴黎会成为妓女,并受到名流们的追捧了。玛格丽特享受到奢华糜烂的生活,但是却渴望真正的爱情。然而,她与阿尔芒的爱情使得她失去了经济来源,于是经济窘迫,债主上门,是这个时代将
她戕害,最终在痛苦中死去。
玛格丽特的悲剧让人们哀思,而正是玛丽-杜普莱西的死亡让小仲马开始沉思当时的巴黎。虽然茶花女是一部浪漫主义文学,但是小仲马已经开始向现实主义思考。其母的遭遇和他在众多情人身上看到的现实,让小仲马开始致力于戏剧,这些戏剧大都以妇女、婚姻、家庭问题为题材,比较真实地反映了资本主义社会的生活。作品真切自然,结构严谨,语言流畅,抒情气息浓郁。
后记:
原本最初的打算是写《基督山伯爵》赏析的,但是网上查阅诸多资料后发现,这部小说以情节引人入胜,在不赘述情节的情况下,实在是难以入手。然而大仲马最得意的作品并非这部恩怨分明情节跌宕曲折的通俗小说,而是与他同名的作家,他的私生子小仲马。而小仲马的成名作《茶花女》更是被公认超越了其父的名作《基督山伯爵》,于是这部最早进入中国的外文小说进入了我的视野。幸好文章很短,只用了两个晚上,我就将王振孙先生的译版连同葛丽泰.嘉宝的电影版一起看了一遍。玛格丽特这个让我敬爱的人物,以及她的感人肺腑的故事,让我做出决定,写下了这篇赏析。
Number:1001021010
Name:
Major:
College: Building Construction
土木建筑学院
The name of English literature:
A.《Robinson Crouse》
B.《The book thief》
《Robinson Crouse》
Daniel Defoe,the writer of 《Robinson Course》was born in a merchant family in London in 1660. His novels were all finished at his senior age. The work《Robinson Crouse》
and《Mole Fronds》and so on significantly affected the development of fiction in Britain and even in Europe. He was also considered the “Father of Fiction in Britain and Europe”. He was just a merchant before he wanted to write frictions and he had never though about being a wrier. He had ever managed his own business such as underwear production materials industry, alcohol and tobacco industry and so on. He experienced bankrupt and lots of failures, but never gave up until he was at an old age. Where he falls over himself, where he picks himself up. While managing corporation, he constantly participated in the politic activities at the same time. He was sent to prison several times by police because of his aggressive comments on the policy made by local government. The articles written by him were numerous as he joined in about five magazines, which showed his extreme energy. The success of this book is never a coincident that all his experiences provided the thoughts and skills that were needed. It was said that this book had been published many times less than 《Bible》. Now, it is praised as the first full-length novel in the literary history of Britain, which is a valuable contribution to the world literature.
《Robinson Crouse》was created when Defoe was inspired by a true story. In the 1800’s, there was an England sailor whose name was Alison; he once had a conflict with the captain, which was left on a small island. He had noting but sea and sand. With an amazing determination, he lived nearly five years and a half and eventually found and brought home by the famous navigator named Luis in 1771. This event was once a panic in society at that time. He did not do a few special things deserved great respect, instead, what the sailor just did was some things necessary for survival. In general, he performed negatively rather than positively. But what Defoe described was the represent of new class of capitalism which was an ideal hero who announced the importance of work and development. He was against just enjoying life and content with that people should be full of curiosity,the desire of conquer and the sprit of risk to develop outward, which proved the convention of western ocean civilization. This book highly praised the work sprite and quality of persistence in human being, which had created the new way for western realism.
The main plots of《Robinson Crouse》are introduced as follows:
Robinson Crusoe was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family. As he always wanted to travel around the world by sea, he did not listen to his father’s sincere
advice and left his home, becoming a crew of a ship. They were attacked by pirates somewhere near the shore of Africa. After that he became a slaver. The life of being a slaver was actually tough and upset that he could not bear. Finally, he got a chance and he grasped it and successfully escaped from that place. Fortunately, he was saved by a Spanish vessel on the way to Brazil. When he arrived at Brazil, he started to manage plantation and he made a great fortune. He made up his mind again to make a voyage as some people suggested him sailing to Africa for trading black slave. He was knocked down again by his inclination to go to the sea. This time was beginning of his unfortunate. The ship encountered a big storm that they had never seen before. With six days’ and nights’ blowing and trembling, the ship was finally all swallowed up. No one had a life exclude Robinson who was rushed to the beach of an unknown island by waves. Although he luckily survived but he at the same time faced the challenge he had never experienced. In order to make a living, he began to transmit things in the ship to the island including grain, cloth, tools and so on. With these materials, he started his life in the island alone. Living such a lonely life that no one talked to him and sometimes he did not say any word at all for about one week, he had to read《bible》to fulfill his sprit every day. However, with the amazing determination and persistent labor, he built his own house, gained grain, tamed goats and made cloth with animals’ leather. Later, he adopted a wild man as his servant and named him Friday. At the period of time, he experienced plenty of disturbances until a British ship came here and Robinson helped the captain to subdue the rebels. After that, he was picked up back to Britain where he had been away for 28 years. When he went back home, his parents had already passed away. Robinson resumed all the profits of his plantation in Brazil and gave part of them to people who had ever helped him.
One of the critics in Britain said: “If people want to grasp the sprit that is full of energy and confidence, nothing better than Defoe and ,《Robinson Crouse》. That is, as the classic adventure, doer and colonist, Robinson always has its valuable place in the history of didacticism.
《The Book Thief》
Everyone has the same start that he or she comes to the world crying and the same ending that is death. In the western myth, death is cold and chill with a long sickle in his hand
to reap lives and take people away from the noisy world. The relater inwritten by Markus Zusak was the death who wondered around the streets taking away lives as God told him. However, the death was not indifferent. He used his dark eyes staring at some people’s sprits. When he reaped people’s lives, he could become tender as well. There was one Germany girl called “The book thief” by him among all these sprits he focused on.
The girl’s name was Liesel Meminger. She had ever stolen six books totally and written a fiction < the book thief>according her own experience. That was the reason why the death called her “the book thief”. The death was pretty tender to the girl: She lived a long life and finally passed away peacefully in her sweet sleeping. However, the death nearly took everybody’s life one by one around her: First, her father as a member of German Party was sent to the prison. Later, she watched her brother being killed who was only six years old; several years later, her adoptive parents were murdered by Germany soldiers. Rudy, a boy who smiled a lot and ran like a bird was killed as well.
Planes, tanks, bombs and so many other modern products were much more precise and efficient to take away lives, which made the death appear lots of times everyday. Dead bodies, wandering sprits and the busy death were the pictures described by this book. It was something to tell people that no truth in people’s life and death was the final meaning. And because of that the fiction also hid a question that where was the meaning of living when we faced the final existence of death? We can see from the book that the meaning doesn’t lie in the lifestyle of Hitler which is emphasizing struggling by oneself, standing on the top of the privilege and building his plan on dismissing others’ life. Living like this is worse than dyeing directly. Likewise, the meaning of life does not lie in giving up thinking about life, disposing of inner humanism and ignoring and insulting lives which are filled with weakness. These Nazi people ignored Jews who suffered a lot, which resulted in the final ending that their lives gradually became noting with development of the World War Two.
The massage 《The book thief》tries to convey is quite simple: It is the very reason that we can not resist death why the real stuff is the most valuable treasure God gives us. Every life, regardless of Germen or Jew and child or adult deserves to be respected equally. The girl’s name was Liesel Meminger who became an orphan after her father’s being caught, her brother’s death and his mother’s missing. What a great sorrow for such a little girl who was
only 9 years old. Inferiority, stubbornness, flimsiness and loneliness fill up her heart and she always longed for love and safety. She just wanted to get relief and suck the sprit energy from the words in the book stolen by her to prevent herself from loneliness. The life of Max Vandenburg who was a Jew deserved respect. In order to escape the ethnic cleaning, he had no way but lived a life in the basement of Beumer’s house like a mouse that could not exposed to the sunlight. What he eager for was a life with freedom and dignity. When residents of Hammill Block hid in the bomb shelter for safety, Max took a risk going out basement to see the moon though the window at which he hadn’t looked for nearly 22days without considering the threat from the air. He came back to the basement and wrote the beautiful but desperate sentence:“Stars lighted up my eyes while looking though out the window of Hammill Block.” The rights of being loved, living and freedom combined together and that is the respect to lives. They always shouted to love and concern which has surpassed concept of racial, sexism, age, blood relationship and so on. In, the doer was Liesel’s adoptive father-Hans Hubermann. He respected every life. He helped his adopted daughter to scatter the nightmare, strake her sorrow, teach her writing and reading and give her endless love. In spite of knowing about the dander of taking Jews in, he decided to protect Max Vandenburg as much as he could. When he watched Jews were captured by Germen on the street, he couldn’t help approaching and giving the old Jew a piece of loaf in his hand. He was beat heavily by the Germany soldiers because of that. The same thing happened when the person was Leisel’s adoptive mother, Rose Hubermann who had this kind of love as well. She yet couldn’t know a lot about her daughter’s inner world like his husband did, but she could hold her daughter’s hands firmly while the plane throwing bombs. The smart, strong and bold woman who brought the hot food to Max at the first time accepted him with her real action. This kind of parents had this kind of kid who’s like Liesel. She read books for people who hid in the shelter when bombs exploded outside in order to comfort them. She lived with Max and Bowman’s. They loved each other, cared each other and enjoyed mutual respect and emotion, finally becoming relatives who were bone of the bone and fresh as close as fresh and blood. She changed this kind of emotion as the deep sympathy to the whole Jews.
In, it was the war brought by Hitler that killed numerous people like the couple of Bowman as one hand, on the other hand, it was the people who ought to have
-------Marguerite(La Dame Aux Camellias)
Whenever I lingered over the magnificant story, I cannot help deeply touched by the bitterly sweet love, which struck the world as gentle as an April shower, as pure as a blowing snow, as heady as an old wine. It condensed a paradise into a kept woman’s heart, which caught and held us transfixed against prejudice in mind and greed in nature, , and provided a journey that brought home to us a comprehensive understanding of love.
Marguerite, as a kept woman,did not undergo the usual penalty of confronting wrinkles appeared under her eyes, the first death of a courtesans, but was endowed enough fortune to enjoy an unselfish and gorgeous love during her ephemeral life, witch came as a wonderful oasis to lead supply a new prospect in a disparate desert, appeared as a miracle medication to heal her wound in the sinful life, figured as a brisk spring to refresh and revitalize her lonely heart, and emerged as a great beacon of courage to kill all her bad habits in the past and make a firm determination to seek for a peaceful but fantastic life with her loved one.
Lingering between the words, we could completely feel how kind and dignified she was. She refused Armond although she knew he was really loved her with his soul. because of her gloomy despair of life, she did not turn up in his life as a figure who was sad, ill, gay with a giant sadder than grief, besides witch, who spit blood and spent a hundred thousand francs in a year. Touching this words, how can we avoid our zealous sympathy for her? She bickered with the marquis and drove him away from her family, because she hated and refused to be treated as merchandise. Touching her deeds, how could we deny our high respect for her? At last, she renounced all her hope and life just because another woman’s name. What she e although you may get hurt, but it is the only way you can live absolutely. But what she experienced, what she faced and what she did made her a real sublime angle and an eternal ideal woman in people’ heart.
However, no matter what devout wish, no matter what gorgeous love, or no matter what strong struggle, the society was so stone stubborn that it would never show any mercy for a kept woman. Just as Armond said, when God allow a kept woman to accept a real love, it is indeed a grant comfort, but also remorseless punishment, for the man holds the cruel authority to say to his lover, “ Your love is just a kind of commodity”, though the woman had devoted all her heart and spirits to her loves. It cannot denied that it was Marguerite’s joyous fortune to have Armond in her poor destiny, but at the same time, it is also have to be admitted that what a hopeless torture she tolerated and what a disappointed suffering she endured at the last part of her life. It was really too much to her. We even cannot tell what kind our feeling soared inside our bosom, but just happy with her, sad with her, waiting with her, wishing with her, and disappointed with her……
Shall we criticize Armond for his foolish and brute deed to Marguerite as he got the same hurt by his horrible vengeance? Shall we condemn Armond, father for his selfish monologue which destroys the kind woman’s dream? Shall we judge the motionless merchant and policemen’s actions before the dying woman?
Through the whole story, we could feel that Maguerite pardon all of them. After tearing running down faces countless, and respect rising high in heart and soul, the conclusion seems so obvious: what ruined Marguerite is not Armond, and he never betrayed Marguerite, but the society. There was a slim chance for a kept woman to gain happiness at that epoch; they had to come to the same end in different ways.
To every woman, life is not all roses. In spite of bias, despoilment or hardship, love itself is universal. Marguerite really lives an abundant life, for she really appreciated a comprehensive love in her limited life journey.
So, love srongly and passionately, although you may get deeply hurt, but it is the only way that you live completely.
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