新概念2选择题答案（推荐8篇）
1. d
从课文第1-3行可以看出，只有d. the dead are welcomed home by the living 与课文内容相符，并能说明这个节日为什么是欢乐的，而其他3个选择虽然都是课文所涉及的内容，但不是这节日欢乐的原因，所以选d.
2. c
根据课文第5-6行，只有c. They are supposed to help the dead to find their way 与课文内容相符合，而其他3个选择都与课文内容不符。所以选c.
3. c
这是一个针对频度提问的疑问句，回答是Only once a year (一年只有一次)，需要选一个合适的疑问词，使其与回答相符。a. How much 是问不可数名词的多少，而不是问频度的;b. How many (多少)和d. Which times (哪些时候)也不是问频度的;只有c. How many times (多少次)可以对频度提问，并与回答相符合，所以应该选c.
4. b
本句是将前面的被动语态句The dead are said to return (据说死去的人要回来)变成了主动语态，需要选出合适的主语和谓语。a. It is saying 不合乎逻辑，因为主动语态的主语应该是人，不应该用it 做主语;c. People are said 是被动语态，不合乎逻辑和语法;d. it said 也不正确，因为主语是it,不是人;只有b. People say 是主动语态并且是以人作主语，最合乎语法和题目意思。
5. a
本句需要一个同前一句的时间状语All night long(整个夜晚)含义相同的短语，才能使两个句子意义相同。
b. in all the night 不符合习惯用法，应将介词in 去掉才正确;
c. the night long 不是正确的表达方式，意义不通顺;
d. in the night 不合乎语法，应该是at night;
只有a. during the whole night(整个夜晚)既合乎语法也合乎题目意思，所以选a.
6. d
这是一个含有if 引导的条件从句的句子，主句用的是一般将来时，If 从句应该用一般现在时才合乎语法规则。a. would eat 是过去将来时;b. will eat 是一般将来时;c. had eaten 是过去完成时;这3个选择都不合乎语法，只有d. eats 是一般现在时第3人称单数形式，只有d. 与occasion 的含义相接近，所以选d.
7. c
本句的关系从句是过去完成时，需要一个与时态相符合的时间短语。只有c. the previous night (前一个夜晚)能用于过去完成时，所以选c.
8. d
本句需要选出一个同前一句中的名词occasion(节目,重大时刻)含义相近的词. a. situation(形势,情况),b. condition(条件,情况), c. place(地点,情形), d. event(要事,大事)中,只有d.与occasion含义相接近,所以选d.
9. a
只有选a. away 才能与前一句The food is thrown into the river 含义相符合。b. off ， c. out; d. down 都与前一句所表达的意思不相符，所以选a.
10. b
只有选b. after (之后)，才与前一句中的时间状语从句…when the festival is over (在节日结束时)含义相同，而其他3个选择a. during (在……期间);c. before (在……之前);d. at the same time as (在……同时)都不符合题目意思。
11. c
只有c. show them the way(给他们指路)与前一句中的guide the dead to the other world(指引亡灵返回另一个世界)含义相符合。其他3个选择a. drive them(驱赶他们)，b. steer them( 引导他们);d. instruct them(教导他们)都不如c.的意义更贴切，所以选c.
12. b
本句需要一个与前一句中的spectacle(壮观场面)含义相同的词，才能与前一句意义相一致。
A.基金公司直销
B.保险公司代销
C.银行及证券公司代销
D.专业销售经纪公司代销
答案：B
解释：我国开放式基金的销售渠道主要包括：基金公司直销.银行及证券公司等机构代销以及新起步的专业销售经纪公司代销三个渠道。
2、银行业金融机构擅自提高或降低存款利率.贷款利率，违反金融市场公平竞争的行为，银行业监督管理机构对其的处理措施包括()。
A.责令改正，没收违法所得，并处20万元以上50万元以下罚款
B.情节特别严重或逾期不改正的责令停业整顿或吊销经营许可证
C.构成犯罪的依法追究刑事责任
D.没有违法所得的，处10万元以上50万元以下罚款
E.取消直接负责的董事.高级管理人员一定期限直至终身的任职资格
3、银监会的监管目标之一是对监管者和被监管者两方面都应当实施严格明确的问责制。()
对错
标准答案：错误
解
析：这不属于银监会的四个监管目标之一，而是银监会的监管标准。
4、贷款人在贷款将受或已受损失时，可以按合同规定采取使贷款免受损失的措施。()
对错
标准答案：正确
5、国际收支是指一国居民在一定时期内与非本国居民在政治.经济.军事.文化及其他来，庄中所产生的全部交易的记录。在这里，“居民”是指()。
A.在国内居住一年以上的自然人和法人B.正在国内居住的自然人和法人C.拥有本国国籍的自然人D.在国内居住一年以上的.拥有本国国籍的自然人
6、同样是10000元存款，分别存为三个月期(自动转存)和一年期的整存整取定期存款，由于三个月期限的存款每到三个月时，利息可以计人本金重新作为计息起点，所以一年过后，两种存款方式中，一年期整存整取获得的利息金额一定较低。()
三.判断题:
7、国际收支是指一国居民在一定时期内与非本国居民在政治.经济.军事.文化及其他来，庄中所产生的全部交易的记录。在这里，“居民”是指()。
A.在国内居住一年以上的自然人和法人B.正在国内居住的自然人和法人C.拥有本国国籍的自然人D.在国内居住一年以上的.拥有本国国籍的自然人
8、下列关于金融工具和金融市场的叙述，错误的是()。
A.贷款属于间接融资工具，其所在市场属于间接融资市场
B.股票属于直接融资工具，股票市场属于资本市场
C.银行间债券市场属于资本市场，银行间债券回购属于长期金融工具
D.银行间同业拆借市场属于货币市场，同业拆借属于短期金融工具
9、现钞和现汇的管理界限虽然取消，但是在日常操作中仍执行两种不同的汇率。()
对错
标准答案：正确
10、在经济周期的危机阶段，企业资金周转困难，需要银行的救助，所以此时银行的负债规模上升。()
对错
标准答案：错误
解
析：银行的贷款是银行的资产，而不是负债，在经济危机阶段，企业资金周转困难会减少在银行的存款，因此银行的负债规模下降。
11、关于存款准备金，下面说法正确的有()。
A.存款准备金分为法定存款准备金和超额存款准备金
B.不良贷款率越高，存款准备金率越低
C.央行提高存款准备金率时，货币供应量减少
D.2004年，我国开始实行差别存款准备金制度
E.超额存款准备金主要用于支付清算.头寸调拨或作为资产运用的备用资金
12、注册资本在10亿元人民币以上的商业银行，独立董事不少于()人。
A.6 B.5 C.4 D.3
13、现钞和现汇的管理界限虽然取消，但是在日常操作中仍执行两种不同的汇率。()
对错
标准答案：正确
14、现阶段，我国货币政策的操作目标和中介目标分别是()和()。
A.货币供应量;基础货币B.基础货币;高能-货币
C.基础货币;流通中现金D.基础货币;货币供应量 15、44C.300
16、贷款人在贷款将受或已受损失时，可以按合同规定采取使贷款免受损失的措施。()
对错
标准答案：正确
17、办理肉类等国家专项储备贷款属于中国农业银行的业务范围。()
对错
标准答案：错误
解
析：应为中国农业发展银行。
18、王先生在2008年4月1日存人一笔3000元的活期存款，5月1日取出全部本金，如果按照积数计息法计算，假设年利率为
19、在经济周期的危机阶段，企业资金周转困难，需要银行的救助，所以此时银行的负债规模上升。()
对错
标准答案：错误
解
析：银行的贷款是银行的资产，而不是负债，在经济危机阶段，企业资金周转困难会减少在银行的存款，因此银行的负债规模下降。20、银行业从业人员除应当遵守职业操守外，还应当接受()的监督。
A.所在机构B.银行业自律组织C.监管机构D.社会公众E.政府机构
21、金融租赁公司是指经银监会批准，以从事经营租赁业务为主的非银行金融机构。()
对错
标准答案：错误
解
析：应为从事融资租赁。
22、一个国家的国际收支差额不能是巨额的收支赤字，要保持收支盈余，盈余越多越好。()
SHIHUA ENGLISH
口碑传颂
New Concept English(II)
新概念英语第二册课后练习答案
Answers to NCE2 Exercises Lesson 1: bcbdc adbac cc Lesson 2: cdcca bbadc db Lesson 3: cacac bccba bb Lesson 4: dbabb acbca cc Lesson 5: cadbc dabcb bd Lesson 6: dacdd adaba da Lesson 7: bccda cdacb ab Lesson 8: dbbac cbbad bb Lesson 9: cbdaa bbdbb dc Lesson 10: addcb cacbc ca Lesson 11: bbbab ccacc bd Lesson 12: ccadd adacd aa Lesson 13: bdbca bbcaa ad Lesson 14: bcacd babcb bb Lesson 15: dbcbc dadcc cb Lesson 16: aadab adadd da Lesson 17: dbbdc cbaac ad Lesson 18: Bdbdb cdcac cb Lesson 19: Adccd bcbca cc Lesson 20: Bcbbc bcacc da Lesson 21: cdcda cbbad cc Lesson 22: dbddb dacda bb Lesson 23: aaacc addbb ad Lesson 24: baaca acccb ab Lesson 25: cbbab cdbaa da Lesson 26: adcbc ddabd bd Lesson 27: dcddd baddc cc Lesson 28: cdbbc dbdcd ba Lesson 29: bccbd babbb cb Lesson 30: aadab cccda dd Lesson 31: dbaca adabc ac Lesson 32: cccbb cadad bc Lesson 33: dbdac bbccc ac Lesson 34: dabca dcbcb ca Lesson 35: adadd adaba dd Lesson 36: addcd ccbad cc Lesson 37: cbbbb dacdb ba Lesson 38: bcaac bddba dd Lesson 39: dacdd abacc ab Lesson 40: ccbca acbbb bd Lesson 41: aacdc bbada cb Lesson 42: dddbb cddac da Lesson 43: bbaad daccd ac Lesson 44: cbccc bdaba bd Lesson 45: bdabb dcbcb db Lesson 46: acdda cbcad ca Lesson 47: dabad aaddc ac Lesson 48: cbcba cbbda bc Lesson 49: dabab ccacc aa Lesson 50: dbacc aadbb cd Lesson 51: bcddd adcad db Lesson 52: bccab dcbac bc Lesson 53: cdacc cdcda cc Lesson 54: dbdbd badcb dd Lesson 55: aabda acabd ab Lesson 56: cacca cabbc cc Lesson 57: abbbb dcdcb da Lesson 58: bdaac bdcad bd Lesson 59: dbddd abada ab Lesson 60: bacbc babac ad Lesson 61: bacca dcabb dd Lesson 62: addcd ccbda db Lesson 63: dbaab ddacd ca Lesson 64: ccccb bccab bb Lesson 65: adbbc aadcc bd Lesson 66: cbaad aabab ba Lesson 67: daddd dbbad dd Lesson 68: bbcdb bbccc aa Lesson 69: abcbb ddaab cd Lesson 70: dbccd bcacd dc Lesson 71: bdbbc cdbbc ba Lesson 72: acadb accdb ad Lesson 73: cadac dadaa db Lesson 74: baccd cacbc ab Lesson 75: cabdb abbdd cc Lesson 76: dbdaa bbacb dd Lesson 77: acabc dddaa ba Lesson 78: acbbc acbab ca Lesson 79: bdcca dbada ac Lesson 80: cbdad cadcc db Lesson 81: daadb bdcbd bd Lesson 82: abadc cdaac bd Lesson 83: bacca bcbcd ab Lesson 84: ccabd cccda cd Lesson 85: ddbab abdbb dc Lesson 86: bcabb bdcab bc Lesson 87: cdcda ccada ad Lesson 88: cbbcc abbcc cb Lesson 89: aadad dadbd db Lesson 90: bccca bcbad dd Lesson 91: dbcbc dbbcb cb Lesson 92: bcdcb abbad ca Lesson 93: cdbac ccdcb db Lesson 94: abcba dacda bc Lesson 95: dabad cdcac dc Lesson 96: dccba dcdab cb
答案
一.单项选择填空。(20分)【Choose the correct answers 】
()1.There was ____ time left for us to catch our train.A.Any B.the
C.no
()2.Did you buy ____ sugar at the supermarket?
A.Any B.a C.no
()3.____ rich should expect to pay higher taxes.A.A B.The C —
()4.____ rich man should expect to pay higher taxes.A.A B.The C.—
()5.____ rich men should expect to pay higher taxes.A.Some B.The C.—
()6.____ rich man who bought the house next door is always abroad.A.A B.The C.Some
()7.____ rich men are very generous to other people – bit mot all of them.A.Some B.The C.—
()8.The children went to ____ school without having breakfast this morning.A.— B.the C.a
()9.They have pulled down ____ infant school;that I used to go to.A.an B.a C.the
()10.Look, I’ve bought ____ sweets for you.A.any B.some C.a
()11.I didn’t know you were going to be late this evening.You ___ have told me.A.should B.must C.would
()12.You should know what to do by now, after ____ told so often.A.being B.be C.been
()13.We ___ at the airport all morning before there was any news about our flight.A.have been waiting B.had been waiting C.are waiting
()14.You ____ passed your driving the test first time if you hadn’t been so careless.A.will have B.must have C.would have
()15.My suit is very dirty.I shall have to ____.A.have cleaned it B.have it cleaned C.cleaned it
()16.You ____ gone without leaving a message.We got very worried.A.needn’t have B.mustn’t have C.shouldn’t have
()17.We would have had a bad harvest this year if we ____ so much rain in the spring.A.haven’t had B.hadn’t C.hadn’t had
()18.I’ve told you again and again ____ leave the door open.A.to not B.not to C.to don’t
()19.I wish you wouldn’t insist ____ with me.A.to come B.coming C.on coming
()20.The boss insisted that I ____ the report before I went home.A.should finish B.will finish C.to finish
二.填空(20分)：
1)Read this dialogue and fill in the correct tenses and forms of the verbs in brackets, active or passive.用括号中动词的正确时态，语态和形式填空。(10分)
Jim: What were you asked to do when you had your driving test this morning?
Alice: First of all, I__________(1 ask)to drive out of town.I____________(2 have to)park in a quite road.Then I____________(3 tell)to reverse round a corner.Jim: ____________(4 you manage)to do that all right?
Alice: Yes, although the examiner____________(5 not say)anything.Jim: Well, do you think he___________(6 please)?
Alice: I don’t know.Driving examiners never____________(7 smile), do they—but he___________(8 must be)pleased with the way I drove.When we got back to the examining centre and I ___________(9 stop)the car, he said, ‘Miss Smith, I am pleased to say that you___________(10 pass).’
Jim: Alice, that’s marvelous!Congratulations!Now you can give me a lift to the station.2)Read this short passage and fill in the blanks with the following words or phrases 阅读下列短文，然后用所给的词填空(10):
so as, so that, to, in order to, in order that
A month ago we bought a little dog for my wife to have as company when I am away.We bought a small one 1____________it would be easy to handle, and, 2____________not to disturb our routine, we decided that it should sleep outside in a kennel.The first night it barked a lot 3_____________be let into the house.We both put plugs in our ears 4_____________ we shouldn’t hear it.5_____________ get more peace, however, I am going away more often.三.完型填空(20分)【Cloze】
Life used to be fun for the teenagers.They 1 to have more money to spend, and free time to spend in it.They used to 2 teenagers clothes, and 3 in teenager coffee bars.Some of them still 4 today.5 , for many young people, life is 6 now.Things are more 7.Jobs are difficult to find, and it is harder to find a place to live 8.Some teachers say that students study harder than 9 used to.They are only interested in passing examinations.They know that 10 examination result may get them better jobs.For some, the 11 to unemployment is to leave home and look for work in big cities.Every day hundreds of 12 people 13 in Beijing, Shanghai and other big cities.Some of them find work, and 14.Others don’t find it, and go 15 again.Everyday when you 16 the newspaper, you can find the news about people’s unemployment.Actually, China’s government has taken 17 to help the young people.It supplies many new 18 to them.We believe in the 19 the situation will be 20
1.A liked B like C used D use
2.A dress B wear C buy D have
3.A eat B play C meet D chat
4.A can B have C are D do
5.A Therefore B However C But D Then
6.A better B enjoyable C difficult D harder
7.A expensive B cheap C different D delicious
8.A in B at C for D on
9.A we B you C they D he
10.A better B good C well D best
11.A problem B question C answer D way
12.A bad B old C good D young
13.A arrive B reach C go D come
14.A leave B stay C go D come
15.A there B in C to D home
16.A read B look C watch D see
17.A off B out C actions D on
18.A space B opportunities C money D resources
19.A century B year C month D future
20.A better B worse C good D bad
四.阅读理解(20分)【Reading Comprehension】
Passage A
Dear editor，Why do newspapers have so many advertisements for electronic(电子的)equipment? Last Sunday I counted ads.for seven kinds of televisions and thirteen kinds of radios in the Youth Journal.Besides that, there were pages and pages of ads.for Citizens’ Band radios and tape recorders.Don’t you realize what electronic equipment is doing to our daily life? Everywhere you go you may hear loud music and advertisements over radios;this continuous noise is doing harm to our ears.Husbands don’t talk to wives any more;they are always watching the news or a ball game.Children’s eyes become hurt with endless hours of watching not only the programs for children but also those for grown-ups as well.And worse, hidden microphones find out our personal lives, and computers keep records of personal information about us.That is enough!I think you should limit the amount of advertising of electronic equipment in the Youth Journal, or it will make life unbearable(难以忍受的)for us all.1.Youth Journal is the name of _________..A.a department star B.a shop that sells electronic equipment
C.a local newspaper D.a hotel where the writer stayed
2.What problems does Jason Smith think radio causes?
A.It has too many programs for advertising.B.It makes husbands talk little to wives.C.It gives too much loud music.D.Its noise does harm to our ears.3.Electronic equipment causes all the following problems EXCEPT that_________.A.personal information is given to strangers.B.children’s eyes are harmed
C.news of the world is given to all people D.family members don’t talk to each other
4.It is NOT mentioned but implied(暗示)that _________..A.some kinds of electronic equipment are bad for our personal lives
B.watching too much TV hurts children’s eyes
C.some kinds of electronic equipment cause social problems
D.television has had effects on both grown-ups and children
5.From the letter, we know that _________.A.the editor agrees with Jason Smith
B.the editor likes the electronic equipment ads
C.the editor doesn’t like the electronic equipment ads
D.Jason Smith doesn’t like the electronic equipment ads
Passage B
America has had many presidents who have been famous all over the world.People from other countries know the names Washington, Kennedy and so on.However, many men who have served as President of the United States have not been famous in other parts of the world.One example is J.Q.Adams, the sixth man to serve as U.S.President.Very little happened while Adams was President.It was an unhappy time for him, and he wasn’t very effective, when his term ended, he went back to the Congress and served as a representative(众议院议员).While he was in Congress, people began to respect him more than they had done while he was President.Adams was strongly against slavery and tried to outlaw it in Washington D.C..People began to look back on his presidency with a different view.Now they saw that he was an independent man with high ideal who loved his country and hated slavery.Adams died in 1848 while speaking in the House of Representative.6.When Adams served as the sixth U.S.President.A.his people didn’t regard him as a great man
B.he tried a lot of means to get rid of slavery C.his high ideal made an impression on American people
D.he did a lot of things against laws
7.In fact, American people came to love Adams.A.whether he was president or not B.when he was not a president
C.before his term ended D.when he first became a representative
8.Which of the following can show the author’s true attitude?
A.Adams had ability, but he had no chance to show it.B.As a president, Adams was unfit for his work..C.Adams was not an effective man.D.Adams was worth respecting.9.In your judgement, compared with Adams.Lincoln.A.was not a world-famous president B.seemed to be an unimportant president
C.was a well-known president D.had the same fact as Adams
10.Choose the best title for this passage.A.Unfit Presidents B.President Who Set Slavery Free
C.Unknown Presidents D.Famous President, Adams
五.写一篇短文来描述你的周末活动。(20分)【Write a short composition to describe your weekend activities.】
要求： 1.大致介绍平时周末的安排。2.谈论你最喜欢的周末活动。
3.对将来周末活动的理想。4.字数控制在80字左右。`
【参考答案】
一.1-5 CABAC 6-10 BAACB
11-15 AABCB 16-20 CCBCA
二.1)
1.was asked 2.had to 3.was told 4.Did you manage 5.didn’t say
6.was pleased 7.smile 8.must have been 9.stopped 10.have passed
2)
1.so that 2.so as 3.to 4.in order that 5.In order to
三.1-5 CBCDB 6-10 DAACB
11-15 CDABD 16-20 ACBDA
四.1-5 CDCCD 6-10 ABDCC
新概念英语第二册课后习题答案详解Lesson 33
新概念英语第二册课后习题答案详解Lesson 33 练习答案 Key to written exercises 1．关键句型练习答案
A 1 The girl set out from the coast.2 She jumped into the sea.3 She swam to the shore.B 1 to 2 from/out of 3(up)to 4 for/ from 5 from…to/ to…from 6 at 7 to 8 from C(sample answers)1 A bird flew into the room.2 The parachutist jumped from the aeroplane.3 The child pointed at the fat lady.4 Put the milk in the refrigerator.2．难点练习答案 the other day 2 passed 3 next 4 past 3．多项选择题答案
I.Words（教材P2&P4）
II.Phrases
1.Excuse me!对不起！
2.Yes?什么事？
3.Is this your …?这是你的…吗？
4.Pardon?对不起，请再说一遍。
5.Thank you very much.非常感谢！
6.数字1-10的英文写法：1-one2-two3-three4-four5-five6-six7-seven8-eight9-nine10-ten
III.Grammar
一般疑问句：
一般疑问句根据其结构分为若干种。通过主谓倒装可将带有Be的陈述句变为一般疑问句。即将Be的适当形式移到主语之前。e.g.This is your watch.--Is this your watch?--Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.IV.Sentences
1.Excuse me!对不起！
2.Is this your handbag?这是你的手提包吗？
3.Thank you very much.非常感谢！
4.Pardon?对不起，请再说一遍。
V.Homework
1.背诵本课课文、单词及知识点上的短语、关键句型；
2.一课一练1—2课；
3.教材P4书面练习写在作业本上；
4.听录音。
新概念一Lesson1—2测试题
I.默写单词
1.原谅__________2.我（宾格）__________3.是的__________
4.这__________5.你的__________6.手提包__________
7.原谅__________8.它__________9.感谢你（们）__________
10.非常的__________11.钢笔__________12.铅笔__________
13.书__________ 14.手表__________15.上衣__________
16.连衣裙__________ 17.裙子_________ _18.衬衣__________
19.小汽车__________ 20.房子__________
II.填入适当的be动词
1._____ that your watch?2.I _____ 14 years old.3.They _____ on the sofa.4.We _____ at the table.5.Gina and Mary _____ good friends.III.选择
()1._____ am a student, and _____ sister is a nurse.A.I / IB.Me / myC.I / myD.My / I
()2.Is this handbag _____?
A.herB.she’sC.hersD.she
()3.–Is this your pencil?--_____.A.Yes, this isB.Yes, it isC.No, it isn’tD.Yes, it is my
()4.–Is this your brother?--Yes, _____.A.he isB.it’sC.it isn’tD.this is
()5.–This is my sister.--_____.A.Nice to meet youB.Good morning
C.How are youD.Nice to meeting you
IV.英汉互译
1.这是我的上衣。________________________________________
2.Excuse me！___________________________________________
3.那是你的连衣裙吗？____________________________________
吴耀仁
（开发区德才中学 广东湛江 524072）
摘要：本文根据农村学生自身的特点，将生物概念教学与学生生活经验、绘图兴趣、概念图制作联系起来，以达到优化生物概念教学的效果。
关键词： 概念教学 生活经验 绘图 概念图
生物学是一门自然学科，概念繁多、抽象且零散，如何理解概念、化抽象为具体、并使之系统化是学好生物学科的基础，因此在生物教学中，概念教学是一个至关重要的环节，是教学的重难点之一。虽然农村小学开设了科学课程，但是形同虚设，故学生的生物概念基本等于零，进入初中就要面对较多抽象概念的学习，具有一定难度；且生物学长期都非中考科目，乡镇中学的生物教学一直边缘化，生物教学资源缺乏，生物实验仪器、教具为零，多媒体教学、实验法、教具直观法等无用武之地，更增加了生物学习的难度。但农村孩子自幼与大自然亲密接触，抓小动物、采野果、自制玩具、自创游戏，动手能力较强，他们这些经历恰好是学习生物的优良资源，是等待教师挖掘的宝贵教学资源。教师若能让抽象的概念变得具体、活润起来，就会大大降低学生学习难度，提高他们的学习兴趣。经过几年的教学实践，本人逐渐摸索出了一些概念教学的技巧，梳理出了一些教学经验。
一、利用生活经验构建生物概念
生物概念与生产、生活实际密切相关，在初中学生十几年的生活经验中，演绎着许多生物概念。教师在教学过程中，若能将相关概念与学生的感性生活经验有机结合，引导学生思考，由学生自己在头脑中对感性经验进行加工，构建成概念，便能做到使学生知其然，知其所以然，避免囫囵吞枣，死记硬背。如应激性，学生在日常生活中，手被烫到、刺到或动物咬到，手都会本能的缩回来，教师若引导他们思考为什么这几种情况下都会做出相同的反应，他们会得出一个“疼——缩手”比较粗糙的表面应激性概念，再经过引导加工润滑可呈现出是生物对外界刺激作出的规律性反应。经过这一点拔，学生会豁然开朗，有一种意外发现的惊喜，原来生物概念就存于自己的生活之中，增加了学习的兴趣与信心。只要教师用心挖掘、精心设计，这样的经验式概念有许多，如遗传、变异、食物链等。
学生的生活经验点点滴滴分散在记忆深处，而生物概念之间存在较强的系统性，两者相互矛盾。因此在采取概念教学与学生经验相结合的方法时，就要注重引导学生将相关的零散经历从记忆中呈现出来并将之系统化，整合成科学的知识系统。如：北师大版七年级上册学习了应激性，在七年级下册学习反射、反射弧概念时，学生发现学习内容中有一幅膝跳反射的示意图后非常兴奋，因为这是他们常玩的游戏，居然课本也出现。这是一个契机，他们知道好玩，更好奇为什么会发生这样的现象。抓住这点，老师可请两学生起来示范，先引导学生回忆七年级上册中什么是应激性（学生回答：生物对外界刺激作出的规律性反应），然后引导学生思考手掌拍膝盖是什么（学生回答：手掌拍膝盖是刺激），小腿向前抬起是什么（学生回答：小腿向前抬起是反应），受刺激部位与反应部位是否相同，两者是否存在联系（学生回答：不相同，存在联系，受刺激的是感受器，产生反应的是效应器，两者是反射弧结构的两个部分），应激性是否受大脑控制（从学生的示范可以看到，被刺激的同学很难控制该反应，因此学生很容易回答出不受控制）。通过一连串问题，学生可以轻易理顺这些答案之间的层次联系，即刺激部位与反应部位的不同体现了反射弧结构的存在，反射弧是完成反射的结构基础，膝跳反射由相应的反射弧结构完成，膝跳反射就是应激性的一种表现，应激性是生物的一种特征。膝跳反射是这一特征的一种体现，不受大脑控制，受脊髓控制，是低级反射，这为接下来学习条件反射与非条件反射打下基础，而条件与非条件反射与八年级上册的先天性行为和后天学习行为又有联系。这样系统的概括，可巩固概念间的联系，加深学生的理解。
二、妙用卡片巧学生物概念
北师大教材为概念教学提供了大量的信息资料，特别是图文结合的形式，用文字精确表述概念，再配以图片说明生物概念形成的过程，图片为生物概念形成提供形象的证据，化抽象为具体，对学生的思维能力起到推进的作用。
在七年级下册与八年级上册，人体生理活动内容涉及了解剖生理学知识，较抽象。没模具，无法进行实验，学生若只结合课本的图片进行观察，很难理解或很容易忘记这些结构在生理功能顺序上的联系，造成结构与功能搭配上的混乱。农村学生喜欢涂涂画画，可以用涂鸦形式替代实际的解剖，指导学生动手用绘图的方法尝试把系统各种结构按功能顺序绘出来，制成卡片，在旁边标明结构 2
名称与功能，找出各系统发生联系的部位，并以自己身体为模具，在学生脑海中形成直接具体的功能与结构结合图，使各种结构的工作原理和功能明朗化，系统之间的联系部位细化。例如《神经系统的组成》这节课中，课本虽然给出了人体神经系统组成的简单示意图，但由于神经在人体分布与功能的复杂性，导致许多学生还是难以理解各部分的功能联系。我引导学生先绘出中枢神经系统之一——脑，分析其在人体的部位，大脑、小脑、脑干之间的结构关系，再画出脊髓，分析脑与脊髓的联系。脑与脊髓发出的神经分别叫什么？学生比较容易理解相对于中枢神经系统来说两者发出来的叫周围神经系统，理解能力强的同学还可以画出神经在某个器官的分布。在周围神经系统某个位置放大，画一个神经元模式图，分析其结构与功能，再接着画一个神经元，理解神经元间的联接方式与传导方向。在第一个神经元周围再画几个神经元，胞体聚集与突起聚集的结构分别叫什么？同样的方法，在中枢神经系统中胞体、突起聚集的结构叫什么？这样学生自然一目了然神经节、神经、灰质、白质之间的联系与区别。这样的学习过程，学生既生成了新的概念，也深深体会到结构与功能相结合的奥妙，对解剖学知识也有一定的认识。
三、应用概念图理顺生物概念
“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，最有效的学习就是懂得学习，教师可通过向学生传授概念图制作方法达到该目的。概念图教学方式建立的前提是学生通过前期学习或预习已经获得了概念，要做的就是把这些概念用节点，连线和连接词建成一张图的形式来表现概念与概念间的相互关系。适合农村学生的构建概念图教学方式是卡片法，农村学生天性好动，静下心来构建一张概念图是件不易的事。卡片可制成一幅小型扑克的样式，每人一定数量，两面都可以使用，鼓励学生间的卡片所写概念尽量不同，以便促进他们在制作概念图时进行交换、交流、合作，这样的互动形式可避免一人操作的枯燥，增强团队合作的意识，制作出有质量的概念图卡片。概念图可作为评价工具，检测学生的学习情况，反映学生对概念的理解层度，对概念系统性的概括水平；也可在评价时引入比赛机制，可以是个人，也可分小组，制成的成果大家一起评。农村学生的好斗、不服输是“野性”十足的体现，有效把握并充分利用这一特点可以增强竞争意识，促进他们的良性学习。实践证明，这种比赛竞争在章节复习中效果喜人，学生课前精心准备，课堂上自 3
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