英文简历:公共关系个人简历(精选7篇)
Charles J. Weiss
3483 University Drive
Chicago, IL 60610
Phone: 312-790-9020
Email ID: charles_weiss@mail.com
OBJECTIVE
Public relations/event planning position
EDUCATION
B.S., Mass Communication – Public Relations Emphasis May
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
3.6 major GPA, 3.3 cumulative GPA, Public Relations Student Society of America member.
Achieved 4th-year level of Spanish conversation and literature knowledge.
Created personal Web site of multiple pages, graphics, and links at www.no.such.page.
Collaborated with 3 classmates to create tri-fold informational brochure for Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater Salt Lake. Interviewed administrators, volunteers, and club participants to determine desired messages. Wrote copy to communicate key concepts of club’s fun, diversity, and community.
PUBLIC RELATIONS/DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE
Public Relations Intern Jan.-April
Hot Shot PR Agency, Provo, Utah
Wrote press releases on new product introductions for XYZ Bakery and ABC Engineering, resulting in products being featured on KSTU Fox and KTVX ABC TV morning news shows.
Researched construction, outdoor sports, and needlecraft trade journals for potential story pitches.
Development Intern April-Nov.
Voces y Votas, Salt Lake City, Utah
Helped plan “Abr Agency” fund-raising event for city’s largest Latino political action organization. Solicited businesses for door prizes, resulting in 12% increase in dollar value of prizes and 5% increase in number of prizes over previous year.
Volunteer Publicity Chair Sept. -May 2003
Church Sorority, Salt Lake City, Utah
Publicized monthly social and educational meetings. Produced all fliers, posters, newspaper ads, annual brochures for campus-wide distribution. Created theme for each year’s activities and appropriate tag lines for each event. Annual attendance increased 2% over each previous year.
ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE
Team Coach Jan. 2001-present
Discover Card, West Valley City, Utah
Supervise 8 customer service representatives who sell credit cards. Monitor calls, give regular one-to-one feedback, establish individual and team goals. Create motivational competitions.
Promoted 3 times in 2 years. In current position since May 2003.
Coached team 4 times to monthly “Top Team” award (of 7 teams) in May-Sept. 2003 period.
Created tracking system to repair incorrect balance transfers that was implemented company-wide.
SKILLS
Adobe Photoshop, QuarkXPress, HTML, Excel, PowerPoint, Word
Digital, 35 mm, video photography
Associated Press style, proofreading, editing text from multiple contributors into coherent whole
关键词:英文简历,写作,策略
一、英文简历写作的意义
简历是求职者向招聘单位推销自己的重要工具, 它也是打开面试大门的金钥匙。一份语言规范、得体的英语简历体现出求职者具备清晰的思路、良好的语言表达、较强的沟通交际能力, 而且体现出求职者所具备的专业特长、语言功力、综合文化修养等, 因此英语简历的写作显得尤为重要。
二、英语简历写作中出现的问题
(一) “I”使用的错误
为了引起招聘方的注意, 在写作中, 应聘者主观地认为“I”的出现会加深招聘方的印象, 这样的写法适得其反。“I”的反复出现会另招聘方非常不舒服, 认为应聘者骄傲, 不顾及他人的感受。所以在写作中, 尽量少用“I”或“my”的句子。
如:As a result of my steady efforts in study, I can get good scores. (wrong) As a result of steady efforts in study, I can get good scores.
(二) 语法、句法错误
在简历的写作中, 恰当运用简单句, 避免使用复合句是书写句式时不错的选择。简单句虽然简单, 但招聘方阅读时倍感枯燥无味, 很难留下深刻印象。简洁中蕴含信息容量很大的语言是招聘方希望看到的。
如:As I have been in Japan for 4 years, I know Japanese well. (wrong) having been in Japan for 4 years, I know Japanese well. (right)
另外, 在时态的运用上学生也经常混淆和模棱两可, 对于过去时和现在时的运用常常错位, 例如, 在写作中, 描写相关经历用过去时, 介绍自己曾经获得的奖项用一般现在时。
(三) 词汇使用错误
在词汇的表达上学生经常使用中式英文。“三好学生” (excellent student instead of three good students.) “辅导员” (counselor instead of ideological tutor.) “班长” (class president instead of monitor.) 因语感较差, 导致中式英文的表达出现较多。
(四) 时间顺序错误
在英语简历的写作中, 学生在说明学历和工作经历时经常先写过去, 再写现在。而英文简历的写作要求采取倒叙的方式说明学历和工作经历, 先写现在的学习和工作经历, 然后再写过去。在写作上一定要注意规范化的写作, 而不要受到汉语习惯的影响。一定要写出地道、符合西方表达的句子。
(五) 版面格式不规范
在简历的写作中, 美观、大方的排版会给招聘方留下美好的印象。合乎规范的排版应是条目化, 符合西方人的阅读习惯和审美意识。在简历的写作中, 学生演常常根据自己的喜好来排版, 五花八门, 各式各样。简历的写作需要培养学生跨文化的交际意识, 培养学生具备规范化和正确性的意识。
三、简历写作采取的对策
(一) 书写特点
1. 大写。
大写标题可以迅速吸引读者的注意力, 读者在瞬间后捕捉到主题意思, 使得招聘方即刻理解了简历的主旨, 有效地引领招聘方逐步理解各项内容, 为求职者成功申请到面试打开了一条通路, 也为找到满意工作奠定了基础。
如:COMPANY ASSISTANT
2. 粗体和黑体。
在简历的写作中, 单词粗体和黑体起到了强调的作用, 表明了作者的亮点所在, 优势得以展现, 希望以此吸引招聘方的注意力, 使得招聘方会着重阅读, 加深印象。
如:Education Background
3. 颜色。
简历书写者为了让招聘方清晰辨识到重点信息, 深刻领会简历书写者的意图, 有些文字用蓝颜色, 以此来表明重点, 增加更多的有力条件, 为成功面试铺垫基石。
4. 字号。
简历撰写者通过多种多样的方式来展现自己的优势以此来获得招聘方的青睐。字号的变化体现了求职者的心情。下面这个例子的标题字号为13.5, 正文字号为小五。简历撰写者希望读者多多关注并予以重视。
5. 标点。
英文简历是求职者成功取得面试资格的一个重要环节, 是打开就业渠道的一扇门。在简历中, 简历书写者陈述与招聘相关的工作、技能、特长等诸多事宜, 通常是陈述句, 句号运用多。
(二) 词汇特点
1. 名词。
在简历写作中, 简历书写者运用积极、乐观的词汇来陈述与招聘工作相关的事宜, 更为积极地展现简历书写者的资质, 招聘方会在阅读时感到愉悦舒服, 愿意录用阳光明媚的人士, 它会给公司的前景加砖加瓦, 同时增加了自信心, 有利于面试成功。
如:Creation, independence.
2. 动词。
在英语简历的写作中, 每个具体的动词描绘着简历书写者的学习、工作经历。因简历书写者的具体行为动词可以展现不同阶段所做的具体事情, 动词的生动运用可以把平时地相关事宜传递出来, 因此动词运用较多。
如:Demonstrate, design, communicate, purchase.
3. 形容词。
在简历写作中, 形容词的运用生动形象地展现了简历篇章美的韵味, 栩栩如生地勾画出求职者不同一般的经历和良好的社会阅历。
如:Active, energetic, modest, creative.
4. 词汇重复。
为了保证招聘方清晰读懂简历, 不产生任何误会和曲解, 简历书写者使用重复词汇来达到清清楚楚、明明白白的目的。努力做到简历清晰明了, 一目了然。
如:Work as a teacher.Work as a tutor.
5. 词语并列。
在简历写作中, 意思上相近的词并列排放, 准确无误地表达了每一个词的意思, 烦琐中显现简单, 招聘方进一步明晰此词的意思, 加深了印象。
如:Supervises and directed, questions and concerns.
(三) 句法特点
1. 主动语态。
在简历的写作中, 直截了当、简洁明了, 没有拐弯抹角。执行者和接收方一目了然, 主动语态的运用明晰了执行者和接收方。
如:I can make full use of my financial management knoewledge and skills.
2. 陈述句。
陈述句客观、真实地展现出简历书写者实事求是地写出了与应聘工作相关的经历和技能。陈述句在简历中的运用丰富了简历书写者所具备的各项能力, 没有任何虚构浮华之词, 真真切切。
如:An individual's resume usually includes personal data, job objectives, educational background, work experience or employment history and other information or references.
3. 过去分词短语。
在简历的写作中, 过去分词短语的使用丰富了句式结构, 使得句子结构紧密, 句意达到了言简意赅的效果。
4. 平行结构。
在简历的写作中, 平行结构运用较多, 它平衡和协调了前后的句子, 节奏分明, 保持了语言的连贯性。语言内容鲜明, 语言气势突显。
如:Guide and direct the large-scale events, manage and coordinate large-scale events.
(四) 语篇特点
1. 版面设计。
条目化、分项式的版面设计是英语简历语篇设计的特点。版面设计具有条理性, 会给招聘方留下美好的印象。版面设计美观、大方会另招聘方赏心悦目, 爱不释手。同时也增加了简历书写者的面试机会。
2.“and”。
英语简历的书写重在“简”, 啰嗦繁杂的句式是避讳的。简简单单的句式干净利落, 令招聘方对大篇幅的内容一目了然。“and”在简历中使用较多, 它简化了复杂的句式关系。
如:Supervise general office activities and assist the executive vice-president such as writing and reports.
3. 词汇同现。
词汇同现联结了句与句之间的密切关系, 控制整个语篇的主题范围, 加强了语篇的衔接力, 语义连贯, 相互之间互为联系, 互为补充。在简历的写作中, 词汇同现的使用加强了语篇的粘合力。“Vice-president”是中心词, 与之工作有关的词汇依次使用。
如:Vice-president, Duke University, North Carolina, PA (2002-present) .
四、结语
写好英文简历是求职成功的重要部分。简历中的书写、词汇、语句、语篇特点不但体现了简历书写者的逻辑思维能力, 而且也体现了语言文字表达的能力, 是一个人综合能力素质的体现。通过探讨写作策略, 希冀帮助求职者成功就业, 找到满意的工作, 为社会贡献自己的一份力量。
参考文献
[1]陈鹏霞.英文求职信与求职面谈英语会话[M].世界图书出版公司/香港商贸出版社, 1991.
[2]丁往道, 等.英语写作手册[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1994.
结构框架与写作技巧
作为一种自我宣传与自我推销的媒介,简历的功能不容小觑。许多求职者写起中文简历来轻车熟路,可一写起英文简历来,要么是一筹莫展,要么就是机械地将中文简历中的内容翻译成英文。殊不知,尽管中英文简历在内容上相差不大,但由于语言与文化的差异,英文简历有着自己独特的结构与风格。一般而言,英文简历包括以下七个部分:①求职者的联系方式(Contact Information);②求职者的求职目标(Job Objective);③求职者的工作经历(Work Experience);④求职者的教育背景(Education);⑤求职者的电脑、语言及其他技能(Skills);⑥求职者的其他个人信息(Other Information);⑦证明人的相关信息(References)。这七个部分的顺序可以根据求职者的自身情况进行排列,也可能会因求职者自身情况和应聘职位的不同而有所变化。例如,对于有工作经历的求职者来说,工作经历一栏应放在教育背景之前;而对于在校生来说,教育背景一栏应放在工作经历之前。下面笔者就来一一介绍如何撰写这七大部分的内容。
1. 联系方式
这部分内容应包括求职者的姓名、住址、电子邮箱地址、电话号码、手机号码等。由于中英的文化差异,在中文简历中经常出现的一些个人信息,如性别、籍贯、政治面貌、出生年月等,大部分都属于个人隐私,在英文简历中可以不必出现。此外,求职者在撰写这部分内容时,还应注意以下两点。
①由于求职者没有英文姓名,所以可以直接用中文姓名的拼音代替英文姓名。例如,李明的英文名可以用Li Ming。
②求职者在用英文写家庭地址时,要注意中英文在表达地址时的差异。中文地址的排列顺序是从大到小,而英文则是从小到大,且中间要用逗号隔开。例如,“上海市普陀区顺义路100号78栋1301室”通常译为“Room 1301, Building 78, 100 Shunyi Road, Putuo District, Shanghai”。
2. 求职目标
求职目标要尽量写得具体、明确,不要泛泛而谈,避免出现诸如“Seeking a position in the logistics department”(应聘物流部门的职位)之类的描述。这样给人的感觉好像是你什么都能做,但又什么都做得不精,所以求职者要尽量细化自己的求职目标。下面笔者针对外企的一些重要部门(包括人力资源、销售、研发、信息技术、公关部门),提供相应的求职目标撰写方式,希望能对求职者有所启发。
①Human Resources: To seek a position as an assistant in the HR department of a medical center or health service facility that will utilize my knowledge of labor relations, benefit programs, wage administration, and employment law. Eventual goal is advancement to the position of personnel manager.
②Sales: To obtain a position as a sales representative with a consumer products organization. Eventual goal is to move into a marketing management position with involvement in training, advertising, and marketing research.
③Research and Development: Seeking a position as a laboratory assistant in an industrial chemical research facility.
④Information Technology: Desiring a position as a programmer or systems analyst utilizing quantitative and mathematical training. Special interest in marketing and financial applications (应用软件).
⑤Public Relations: Wishing to join the public relations staff of a large public utility (公用事业公司). Interested in photography, copywriting, preparation of news releases, and working on company publications.
3. 工作经历
求职者在写这部分内容时,应注意以下几个方面。
①求职者在描述自己的工作经历时,应采取“倒序”的形式描述,即先写最近的工作经历,再写以往的工作经历。HR经理们最感兴趣的是求职者近几年的工作经历,所以求职者要重点突出最近以及与应聘职位最相关的工作经历,不相关的工作经历尽量少提或一笔带过。
②求职者不要只简单列举自己的工作职责或负责的项目,而应具体描述自己所完成的任务或项目,以及做出的业绩或成就等。求职者介绍自己在同一公司的工作业绩时,应按照“重要信息优先”的原则,将重要成就以及开创性较强的业绩写在前面,而开创性不强的业绩可放在后面,不必拘泥于时间顺序。
③求职者在描述自己的工作成就时,要尽量使用具体的数字表述清楚,例如管理的具体人数、客户增加的具体数字、销售额增长的具体百分比等。求职者应尽量避免使用many、a lot of、some、several、great等模糊或夸大的词汇。
④求职者应避免使用复杂的句式,多使用英文短句进行叙述。例如在介绍工作成就时,求职者可以使用诸如“Completed a project developing a new anti-tumor (抗肿瘤) medicine (GH-02)”之类的短句。如果求职者的工作经历非常丰富,也可以采用项目符号简洁明了地进行分类列举。
⑤求职者在描述自己的工作经历时,时态通常用一般过去时。
⑥求职者如果是刚毕业的大学生,缺乏相关的工作经验,那么可在简历中重点强调自己的教育背景,例如学过的特别课程以及所参加的与应聘职位相关的活动等(包括兼职工作、义务工作、培训、军训以及任何表明自己适合这份工作的活动),借此来弥补工作经历的不足,同时突出自己刻苦学习、努力实践的特质。
⑦许多求职者在工作经历中有一段间隙时间,例如就学、生育等。倘若能合理解释这段时间的经历,求职者也可将之写入简历中。但如果这段间隙时间是因为一直未找到工作,那么求职者可在列举工作经历时省去月份(例如只写“1999~2000”在哪里工作),这样就可以忽略掉这几个月的间隙时间,在面试时也无需提及这段经历。
4. 教育背景
在写这部分内容时,求职者应注意以下几个方面。
①教育背景信息同样应采取“倒序”的形式叙述,即从现在写到过去,最近的学历信息要放在最前面。
②求职者就读的学校名的英文字母要大写并加粗,便于招聘方迅速识别求职者的学历。
③如果求职者曾在多所学校就读,记得在学校名后面标上学校所在的国家,且学校与学校之间在格式上要对齐(参见下文中的简历范例)。
5. 电脑、语言及其他技能
求职者除列举自己的工作经验和教育背景外,还可以介绍自己的电脑水平、外语水平以及其他与应聘职位相关的技能来为自己的简历加分。具体而言,这些技能一般分为硬技能(hard skills)和软技能(soft skills)两种。硬技能包括电脑、财务、销售等各种专业技能;软技能包括外语水平、沟通能力等人际关系技能。对于简历中常提到的电脑水平和语言能力,求职者要注意以下两点。
①求职者如果熟练掌握某种软件的操作,可以用“Frequent user of +某个软件名”来表达;对于完全没把握的软件,千万不要写。求职者千万不要以为面试时主考官不会当场考你软件操作知识,他们很可能会考你一两个关键的软件操作方法。
②语言能力是最容易在面试中被测试的,所以求职者要如实描述自己的语言水平,切忌过分夸耀。
6. 其他个人信息
在这一部分,求职者应主要陈述对应聘职位具有辅助作用的一些信息,包括求职者的性格特征、兴趣爱好、所参加的业余活动以及在校或在以往工作中的获奖情况等。因为这部分内容涉及的信息较多,所以求职者应根据应聘职位的特征来提供相关信息,切勿随意堆砌。例如,如果求职者应聘的职位需要经常出差,求职者就可以强调自己喜欢旅行这一爱好。此外,这部分还有以下几点值得注意。
①求职者在介绍自己的兴趣爱好时,要写得具体一些,不要仅仅写上sports、music、reading这样的字眼。这样泛泛的表述可能会让人觉得你根本就没有真正的爱好。
②突出强项。尽管求职者喜爱某项运动,但自己不是很擅长,那最好还是不要写。因为面试人员也许碰巧对该项运动感兴趣,可能会跟你聊两句,一旦发现你对其并不擅长,可能会弄得很尴尬,反而对你不利。更重要的是,他可能会觉得你在撒谎。
③资格证书要表述清楚。例如,有些求职者在英文简历上只是笼统地写自己获得了CPA (Certified Public Accountant, 注册会计师)证书,但几乎世界各国都有自己的CPA,有些是互不承认的,所以求职者一定要写明CPA证书的国别以及考取证书的年份。
7. 证明人的相关信息
英文简历的证明人信息有如下两种撰写方法。
①求职者可在简历中列举出证明人的具体信息,包括证明人的姓名、职位、工作单位以及联系方式等。
②求职者也可说明自己将根据招聘方的需要提供证明人信息。
其他注意事项
除上文中提到的一些注意事项外,求职者在打造自己的英文简历时,还应特别注意以下四方面内容。
1.避免拼写错误与语法错误。电脑的文字处理软件都有查错功能,求职者可以利用此功能检查自己的简历。但求职者要特别留意相近的字词,因为拼写检查往往查不出此类错误。此外,求职者可以请英语水平好的朋友帮忙检查一下简历在拼写、语法、句式等方面是否存在错误。
2.英文简历的格式要规范,结构要清晰整洁,以便于阅读。求职者可将重要的信息设计得相对醒目一些,以引起招聘人员的注意。
3.切忌花哨包装。一般而言,中英文简历本身的设计都不需要图形、图像和图片,如果求职者想突出自己的个性,可以通过简单的文字编排、字体变化和格式达到效果,但不宜使用夸张的图片模板。
Personal Information
Position: Electrical(Power)EngineerTel :
Name: GaryDate of Birth: July 3, 1974
Gender: MaleEducation Degree: Bachelor Location: Xipu town, Chengdu ProvinceE-mail:
Political Status: Communist Party member
Major: Electrical Engineering and Automation
Self-evaluation:years’ working experience with more than eight-year primary management experience, seven years’ Power system installation, system operation and maintenance and technological transformation work experience of Large-scale foreign-funded enterprises;Pay attention to the spirit of teamwork and responsible with strong adaptability;Familiar with Office Automation Software.Working experience:
1.2010/10---so far: Texas Instruments---Department of Plant Operations----Electrical Engineers
Taking charge of the electrical equipment maintenance and management of 110KV * 50000KVA power supply system, UPS, generators, elevators and CCTV access control system etc.Being responsible for the power dispatch and electricity management of the Power Supply Bureau,power system maintenance, improvement and system expansion design continuously, with practical experience of engineering design and construction management on the supply and distribution electric power system.For example, assistance in the Road Two 110KV power construction management.I also developed maintenance OI for system and put into practice preventive maintenance.2.2006/10---2010/10: Semiconductor Manufacturing International(Chengdu Cension Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)----Department of Plant Operations----Electrical Engineers
I participated in an installation and commissioning of power system engineering for nearly half a year ,operation and maintenance the power system for four years.I have extensive experience of operation and maintenance on 110KV * 50000KV supply and distribution system.I also have some experience in electrical engineering field construction management and electrical technical innovation.With the constant improvement of power system, a successful engineering design and construction management of the power system needs practical experience.For example, I was responsible for 400KVA UPS relocation design and project management,lighting projects of Phase II , etc.3.2005/05---2006/09: China Southern Glass Holding Co.,Ltd.(CSG)---the Department of Electrical and Mechanical Services-----Electrical monitor
After four months training in the Shenzhen CSG with the new employees, I assisted to the work of 10KV * 8000KVA * 4 power system maintenance, equipment management、installation、commissioning and acceptance.After putting into operation, I lead the team to concentrat on the preventive maintenance work, maintaining normal running of the supply-distribution power system and the German GRENZEBACH fully automated production lines of electrical equipment.At the same time, I help to improve and transform the technological of the system project.4.1995/07---2005/04:Cotton Textile Factory of Bazhong in Sichuan----Production Technology Division----Supervisor of engineering / facility
I responsible for daily management of the workshop、boiler group、the electrical group、machine repair group and the whole factory equipment.I organized and implemented a technical renovation project of 20 units spinning machine and ancillary equipment successfully, I was also responsible for two DZL4-1.25-A2 boiler installation and commissioning works, designing and organizing the relocation project of 4* 630KVA/10KVA high pressure oil switch machines independently.So I have accumulated prolific experience in engineering design and construction management
Educational background:
1.2007/10---2010/01 Sichuan University.Electrical engineering and automationupgrade from junior college student to uniersity student
2.1992/09---1995/07 Chengdu Textile College.Electrical Technology Technical or Mechanical Degree
Training experience:
1.2010/11Chengdu Electric Power Training Center.The training of power on / off contact qualification certificate
2.2010/03Chengdu Electric Power Training Center.The training of high voltage electrician receives net work permit
3.2006/11---2006/12 Sichuan Province labor and social security hall senior electrician skill training
Name:xxx
Gender: Male
Age:
Education:Master in Engineering
Mobile: Email:
Mail Address: Room 402, No. 32, Lane 1133, Zhang Yang Road,
Pudong, Shanghai, PRC, 20
Work Experience
Jan 2005Oct . Zell Consulting Co. Ltd, Immigrated and lived in New Zealand. Responsible for trade fairs between New Zealand and PRC.
Aug Jan.2005. US based BEPEX (formerly US Branch of Hosokawa Group). My responsibilities continued coverage in Hosokawa Shanghai Rep Office with Sales consultancy and project management jobs on PRC.
Be in charge of sales and marketing jobs for Bepex’s SSP technology (including equipment and engineering services). With sales size ranging from USD1.2 million to USD5 million, my clients mainly include Liaoyang Petrochemical Company of CNPC, Wuxi Taiji, Zhangjiagang Junma, Huzhou Unifull and Shanghai Wenlong.
As project manager, I have been actively involved in the whole project execution process, including the initial technical presentation, technical and commercial contract signing, basic/detail engineering design, installation and process start up, coordination with US engineering department and PRC clients and local engineering company.
Sept Aug 2003. Hosokawa Shanghai Representative Office, Representative and Area sales manager
As the founder of the rep office, I was mainly responsible for daily management and operation of the office.
In terms of sales, I have been taking care of domestic marketing for Japan, Europe and US based subsidiaries, including, but not limited to,
German based ALPINE, for grinding, classifying and engineering facilities, whose customers scattered over the sectors of pharmaceutical, chemical and mining.
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1.应届大学生英文简历范文模板
2.中英文个人简历模板
My name is Harry Lin. On May 25, 1958, I was born in Xinying, a little town in Southern Fujian. My father is a farmer, planting bananas and pineapples, and my mother takes care of the house. I have two brothers and one sister. Though not well-to-do, my parents have been able to provide the whole family with sufficient means to live decently and enjoy all modern conveniences.
My early education was received in my hometown, i.e. six years in primary school and three years in junior middle school. After completing nine years of formal education in 1958. I went to Xiamen and participated in the joint entrance examination for five-year junior colleges. Fortunately, I was admitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering at XiamenJunior Engineering College. I chose Electrical Engineering as my major because, on the one hand , I liked Physics very much; and on the other hand, electrical industry is a major sector of the economy of China.
The five years of intensive training came to an end in June 1978 when I received a diploma. And in July 1980. I was hired by Nan Ya plastic Company and have served as a junior electrical engineer at the company to the present. I enjoy the work and feel competent for the job.
In working, however, Ive Found that what I have learned in school is limited and far from sufficient to handle sophisticated jobs. Therefore, I have decided to extend my education and would like to enter an American institution firstly to earn a Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering. Then, if possible, I would like to continue my education toward a Masters degree.
After this objective is reached, I will return to my country and seek a job in a public firm. Most probably I will continue to work with Nan Ya Plastic Company.
1 关于主位和主位推进模式的论述
1.1 主位理论的发展
现代语言学的主位概念, 一般追溯到19世纪的德裔法籍学者亨利·维尔 (Henri Weil) 。他提出句法运动不等于思想运动, 句法运动由词尾 (名词的格形式) 表示, 思想运动则由语序表示。布拉格学派的创始人之一马泰修斯 (Mathesius) 受到了亨利·维尔思想的启发, 证实并发展了亨利·维尔的观点, 较早提出了主位 (Theme) 和述位 (Rheme) 这对概念, 目的在于研究句子中不同成分在语言交际中所发挥的不同作用。后来以韩礼德为代表的系统功能语言学派接受了布拉格学派提出的这对术语, 并从功能的角度对其进行了重新界定 (朱永生19956) 。
1.2 主位与述位
韩礼德 (1985) 认为一个主位结构 (thematic structure) 由主位和述位构成, 主位一旦被确定, 剩下的成分就是述位了。主位选择体现了说话人所选择的信息传递模式, 述位构建过程体现了人脑对信息加工处理的运作过程。他认为, “主位是充当信息出发点的成分;是小句所关心的成分 (The Theme is the ele ment which serves as the point of departure of message;it is tha which the clause is concerned.) (Halliday 1985:38) 。在英语中被选为主位的都是居于句子首位 (whatever is chosen as the Them is put first) , 其他的部分都被视为述位。述位是句子的信息中心所在, 是新信息, 是交际对象所未知的内容。如:
I/received a research grant for$100, 000.
主位述位
1.3 主位与述位推进模式
国内语言学者朱永生对主位推进模式进行了研究, 他采用了四种基本的主位推进模式。我们用符号T表示主位, R表示述位, T1, R1分别表示第一句的主位和述位。英语中的主位推进模式主要可归纳为:
1) 延续型, 这一模式的特点是第一小句的述位作为第二小句的主位:
例如:
I (T1) worked for more than one year in electronic industry (R2) .The experience I gained during working (T2) benefits me a lot (R2) .
2) 连续型, 即小句有共同的主位, 而每句的述位各不相同:
例如:
First, I (T1) actively participate in many active working in clients’suits (R1) .Second, I (T2) have excellent problem-solving skills (R2) .I (T3) would be an immediate as well as a long-term asset to your firm if given the opportunity (R3) .
3) 交叉型, 这一模式的特点是前一句的主位是后一句的述位:
T1→R1
T2→R2 (=T1)
...
Tn→Rn (=Tn-1)
例如:
A personal meeting (T1) would give us the opportunity to discuss your short and long-term objectives and my ability to direct your organization towards successfully achieving those goals (R1) .I (T2) should be glad to have a personal meeting (R2) .
4) 派生型, 此模式由一个“超主位”或上义主位派生出一组“下义主位”:
例如:
Undergraduate courses I have taken (T1) are very importan and useful (R1) .English language skills (T2) enable me to commu nicate with foreigner clients (R2) .Extensive electronic and comput er competency (T3) can improve my work efficiency (R3) .
2 英文简历中的主位推进模式
2.1 语料收集及研究方法
本研究收集了40份中国高校毕业生的英文简历, 从中筛选出符合条件的30份。选出的英文简历语篇篇幅较长 (平均为100—150个英文单词) , 书写清晰, 语句连贯。笔者对简历中的主位、述位进行标注, 运用主位推进模式对其进行分析。
2.2 统计结果与分析
从表1可以看出, 英文简历中常用“Action Word” (行为词) , 从而使表达更有目的性, 更充满活力, 更有力度。而且英文简历中常省略句子主题 (I, my manager) 、物主代词 (my/mine his/hers) , 有时甚至省略冠词 (the, a) , 这样使简历看起来更简洁, 而且符合西方人的表达方式。
从表2可以看出在英文简历中避免使用长句、复合句。没人愿意看冗长的句子, 因为“YRIS” (Your resume is scanned, no read) 。
2.3 简历文本的语篇分析
由于文化背景和语言上的差异, 英文简历应该符合英语国家人们的阅读习惯。英文简历的基本要求是简练, 对于求职者来讲, 目的明确、语言简练是其简历行之有效的基础。而一个篇章真的正主位结构是指主位的衔接和连接, 它们的相互关系和领属层次, 以及跟段落、整个语篇和情景的关系。
下面结合主位推进模式理论, 分析英文简历中的主位特点, 归纳为以下几点:
1) 若无标记主位为“I”时, 经常避免使用。在表述自己的学历、工作经验和任职资格时, 如果你的名字出现在个人资料中, 或者反复使用“I”一词, 不仅达不到简洁的效果, 而且有自傲的嫌疑, 使HR产生厌烦的感觉。
例如:
I am very experienced at programming in C++and Java.
→Highly experienced programming C++and Java.
2) 简历作者为强调过去的学习或工作经历时, 多采用连续型主位推进模式。同时避免使用复合句, 达到简练的效果。
例如, 在介绍experience时采用的表达方式:
I taught some pupils English in grade three and grade five as a substitute teacher from Sept.2011 to May.2012.I took part in the inauguration of Hubei Institute of Technology as a volunteer, and had been awarded“the advanced individual volunteers”on April 8, 2012.
3) 有时省略主位或者述位, 以达到精简的目的。虽然有很多话要说, 但是空间有限, 英文简历写作允许使用缩写句。
例如, 在表达self-assessment时, 如果在一句话中要列出不止一个成就, 表达方式为:
Advantages:Honest, work actively and seriously, quickthinking, hard-working, high self-learning ability and social competence, etc.
Disadvantages:Lack of social experience but I will use the shortest time into the best state.
3 结论
研究结果表明, 虽然英文简历中有不同的主位推进模式, 但在英文简历语篇中主位推进模式倾向于使用连续型推进模式, 这与体裁和交际目的相关。第一, 缺省主位在英文简历中很突出, 主要原因是两种语言的不同特征。中文注重话题, 英文注重主语, 在简历文本的表达形式上有不同体现。第二, 连续型推进模式在英文简历中比在中文简历中出现次数多, 这与西方人的思维缜密、注重逻辑有关。本研究可以帮助中国人在撰写英文简历时避免文化差异所造成的交际语言障碍, 从而写出更加地道的英文简历, 实现跨文化的有效信息传递。
摘要:该文运用主位-述位推进模式理论对30篇英文简历进行语篇分析, 以期为中国学生在撰写英文简历时提供一定的帮助。
关键词:主位—述位推进模式,英文简历,语篇分析
参考文献
[1]Halliday M A K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Edward Arnold, 1985.
[2]姜望琪.主位概念的嬗变[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2007.
[3]张德禄.语篇分析理论的发展及应用[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2012.