八年级上册英语练习题(精选8篇)
按要求完成下列各题。
1.你认为这部电影怎么样?(翻译句子)
_________________________________________
2.Ireadmorethantenbookslastmonth.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________you________lastmonth?
3.Sheissingingsongsinherbedroom.(对划线部分提问)___________________she__________inherbedroom?
4.Lucyiseight.Maryisten.(改为同义句)Maryis____________________Lucy.
5.What’sthepriceofthemeat?(改为同义句)__________isthemeat?
6.John’shastheworstquality.(改为一般疑问句)_____John’s_____theworstquality?
7.Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheclass.(改为同义句)Heis__________inhisclass.
8.我计划下周上舞蹈课.(补全句子)
I________________________dancinglessonsnextweek.
答案:1.Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?
2.Howmanybooksdid;read
3.Whatis;doing
4.twoyearsolderthan
5.Howmuch
6.Does;have
7.thetallest
【1】be going to + 动词原形
be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be动词完成,be随主语有am, is, are的变换,going to后接动词原形。
1) 如果表示计划去某地,可直接用be going to+ 地点
We are going to Beijing for a holiday.
2) 表示位置移动的动词,如go,come,leave,fly等常用进行时表示将来。
The bus is coming.
My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.
3) be going to与will的区别:
1对未来事情的预测用“will+ 动词原形”表达,will没有人称和数的变化,变否定句要在will后面加not, 缩略式won’t, 变一般疑问句将will提至句首。
Will planes be large in the future?
Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.
2 will常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情,而be going to指某事肯定发生,常表示事情很快就要发生。
I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.
3表示意愿用will.
I’ll tell you the truth.
4表示计划、打算要做的事情用be going to, 而不用will, 从不严格的语法角度而言,be going to与will二者可以互换, 但注意:
*There be句型的一般将来时结构为:
There is going to / will be + n... 将会有 ......
*come, go, leave, arrive等常用现在进行时表示将来:
He is leaving tomorrow.
* 在条件、时间状语从句中,一般是主将从现:
If it is fine tomorrow, I’m going/will go on a trip.
一、能力训练及解析:
( )1.There ____going to be a basketball match this afternoon.
A. are B. is C. have D. will
解析: 在there be句型中be与后面的 真正主语 保持一致,a basketball match是单数形式,谓语动词应该使用单数形式,答案:B。
( )2. —Are there going to be any young trees soon?
—Yes, ____.
A. there be B. there is C. there are D. there are going to
解析:问句为Are there…? 其肯定回答为Yes, there are. 答案:C。
( )3.There will be fewer factories,____ ?
A. won’t there B. will there C. isn’t there D. are there
解析:there will be的反意疑问句为won’t there, 但fewer含有否定意义,在反意疑问句中,前面否定,后面疑问部分用肯定形式,答案:B。
二、实战演练
( ) 1.There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be
C. is going to be D. will go to be
( )2.Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
( )3. He ______ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is
C. will be; will be D. is; will be
( )4.There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have
C. will have D. is going to be
( )5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow?
– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
( )6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give
C. gives D. give
( )7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?
–________. (不,不要。)
A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t.
C. No, please don’t. D. No, please.
( )8. – Where is the morning paper?
– I ______ for you at once.
A. get B. am getting
C. to get D. will get
( )9. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching B. watches
C. is watching D. are going to watch
( )10. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be B. will be
C. shall going to be D. will going to be
【2】复合形容词的使用
1. 构成:数词 + 单数名词、数词 + 单数名词 + 形容词(每两词间用连字符 -)
2. 用法:常作定语,用于名词前 , 一般不单独使用。
如:an eight- year-old boy / a ten-metre-tall tree
3. 复合形容词后加复数,表示一类人或物,可独立作主语:Sixteen-year-olds 16 岁的人。
【能力训练】:
( )1.We will have a______ holiday after the exam.
A. two month B. two-month C. two-months
( )2.I think______ can choose their own life style.
A .nineteen-year-old B. nineteen-year-olds C. nineteen years old
( )3.There is a ____tree in the park.
A. four hundred years B. four-hundred-year-old
C. four-hundred-year old
( )4.Nie Haisheng had a ______flight in space.
A. five-days B. five-day C. five day’s
( )5.I’d like to spend ________holiday in the country.
A. a two-day B. two-day C. two day’s
【3】if引导的条件状语从句的用法:
1.if引导的条件状语从句
(1)“If从句 + 祈使句”的句子。
例如:If you want to go, please let me know.
If the green light isn’t on, wait for a minute.
(2)“祈使句 +and(or)+ 陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
注意:A.“祈使句 +and+ 陈述句”可以转化为if引导的肯定条件状语从句,且主语是第二人称。
B. “祈使句+or+陈述句”可以转化为if引导的否定条件状语从句,且主语是第二人称。
例如:Study hard and you will pass the exam. = If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. = If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
(考题 (2010重庆中考 )Work hard,________ you may catch up withyour classmates soon.
A.orB. butC. andD. yet
思路解析:本句是“祈使句 +and”的句型,句意为“努力学习,你会很快赶上其他同学的”,and在句中表示承接关系,所以选C项。
2.if从句与主句具有以下特点:
1)当if表示未来的条件时,主句中用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,即“主将从现”。
e.g. If you can’t come tomorrow, we can hold the party a little later.
明天你如果不能来,我们可迟一点举行宴会。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.
明天如果不下雨,我们就去长城。
2)表示如果某种条件存在,就有可能 / 不可能发生什么事情。
e.g. If you don’t get up early, you will be late for school.
你如果不早点起床,上学就会迟到。
If I play games on it, it will go wrong.
如果我用它玩游戏,它就会坏掉。
3)if从句可放在主句前或主句后,从句置于主句前时,须用逗号与主句隔开,反之则不用逗号。
e.g. If it’s fine tomorrow, we can go out. 如果明天天气好,我们就能出去。
She will be happy if she joins the party. 如果她参加聚会她会很开心的。
I’ll ask the teacher for help if I don’t understand. 如果我不懂我会求助老师的。
【典题分析】:
1.(2010上海)We will have no water to drink ____we don’t protectthe earth.
A. until B. before C. though D. if
[ 答案 ]D.[ 解析 ]if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。意思是如果我们不保护地球,我们将会没有水喝。
2.(2011重庆)We will plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t know ___Tomwill come and join us.
A. if B. which C. what D. where
[ 答案 ]A.[ 解析 ]if引导宾语从句,表示“是否,是不是”。意思是我们明天将会去植树,但是我不知道Tom会不会去。
—Do you know if _____finished the work?
—Not yet. If he , he____ will give me a call.
A. he’s, will finish B. he’ll, finishes
C. he’s , finishes D. he’ll , will finish
[ 答案 ]C.[ 解析 ] 问句的if引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,从句要用陈述语序,从答句Not yet. 中可以看出从句应该用现在完成时态,答句的if引导状语从句,要遵循主将从现的规律。
【(1-6单元)知识点能力提升】
Ⅰ . 单项选择:
( )1. You are sure to pass the exam ______ you study hard.
A. if B. though C. that D. since
( )2. I'll go to see the film with you ______I have time this evening.
A. whether B. so C. if D. when
( )3. ______ you study harder, you'll never pass the final exam.
A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Except
( )4.We’ll stay at home if it ______ this afternoon.
A.rain B.rains C.to rain D.raining
( )5.We will go to the Great Wall if it ______tomorrow.
A.won’t rain B.isn’t raining C.rained D.doesn’t rain
( )6.—I don’t know if he ______.
—He will come if it ______.
A.comes; won’t rain B.will come; doesn’t rain
C.comes; doesn't rain D.will come; won’t rain
( )7.Do you know what time ______.
A.the train leave B.does the train leave
C.will the train leave D.the train leaves
( )8.Do you think if______ an English film tomorrow night.
A.is there B.there is going to have
C.there is going to be D.will there be
( )9.Will you please tell me ______.
A.where Pudong Airport is
B.how far Pudong Airport was
C.how can we get to Pudong Airport
D.when was Pudong Airport built
( )10.—Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us?
—I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. come; is B. comes; will be
C. will come; is D. will come; will be
Ⅱ . 请用正确的形式填空:
1. If I come, I ________ (see) you.
2. If it is fine, we ________ (go) for a walk.
3. If it rained, they _________ (stay) at home.
4. You will spoil it if you ________ (not be) careful.
5. We would be very much pleased if you ________ (come).
6. Will you help me if I________ (need) you.
7. They will get wet if it ________ (rain).
8. What a pity I haven’t got my car. If I had, I _________ ( take ) you to the airport.
9. We would answer if we ________ (can).
10. If you eat too much, you ________ (get) ill.
【参考答案】:
【1】be going to
一、能力训练及解析答案: 1.B 2.C 3.B
二、实战演练答案:
1. C 2. D 3. D 4.D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B
【2】复合形容词的使用答案:
【实战演练】:1. B 2. B 3. B 4.B 5. A
【(6-10单元)知识点能力提升参考答案】:
Ⅰ . 单项选择: 1-5 ACCBD 6-10 BDCAC
Ⅱ . 请用正确的形式填空:
1.will see, 2. will go 3. would stay 4. are not
5.came 6. need 7. rains 8. would take
第一部分 听力部分。(共两节,总分25分)
第一节 听力选择。(共15小题,每小题1分,总分15分)
根据你听到的对话,选择正确的答案回答问题。
听下面5段对话,每听完一段对话后,完成1个小题。
( )1. What does the girl want to borrow?
A. B. C.
( )2. Which would the boy want to drink?
A. B. C.
( )3. What does the woman think of the dress?
A. Its large. B. Its small. C. Its dirty.
( )4. Where did they go?
A. To the beach. B. To Disneyland. C. To the zoo.
( )5. How will Tom come to the party?
A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By car.
听第六段对话,完成第6~7小题。
( )6. What colour does Lingling like best?
A. Green. B. Purple. C. Yellow.
( )7. Where did Lingling buy it?
A. In Hong Kong. B. In Taiwan. C. In Guangzhou.
听第七段对话,完成第8~9小题。
( )8. How often does Peter exercise?
A. Every day. B. Once a week. C. Twice a week.
( )9. Who plays basketball best?
A. John. B. Tony. C. Peter.
听第八段对话,完成第10~12小题。
( )10. When will they watch the film?
A. At 6:25 p.m. B. At 6:35 p.m. C. At 6:45 p.m.
( )11. How soon will they get there?
A. In 20 minutes. B. In 25 minutes. C. In 30 minutes.
( )12. How far is it from their home to the cinema?
A. Three kilometers. B. Four kilometers. C. Five kilometers.
听第九段对话,完成第13~15小题。
( )13. What day is coming soon?
A. Mothers Day. B. Fathers Day. C. The boys birthday.
( )14. What does the boy want at first?
A. A mobile phone. B. A computer. C. A motor.
( )15. Why doesnt the woman agree to buy a motor for the boy?
A. Because its dangerous to ride.
B. Because its expensive.
C. Because its meaningless.
第二节 笔录要点。(共5小题,每小题2分,总分10分)
根据你所听到的内容,填写下面的表格,每空不超过3个单词。
Wonderful 16. _______ Display
第二部分 笔试部分
二、选择填空。(共10小题,每小题1分,总分10分)
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择正确的答案填空。
( )21. Recently people care more about the safety of ________. Everyone wants to eat
healthily.
A. foods B. clothes C. buildings
( )22. —Would you like _______? —Good idea. Lets go!
A. going swimming B. go to swim C. to go swimming
( )23. —________ will you finish your homework, Kate?
—In an hour.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long
( )24. —Why are you late again? —_______ my car broke down on the way here.
A. Because B. Because of C. However
( )25. Li Jun always makes his little sister ________.
A. crying B. to cry C. cry
( )26. —_______ did you buy in Brazil?
—I bought some World Cup gifts. I _______ give them to my friends.
A. What; am going to B. When; will C. Which; was to
( )27. —Is Mary _______ outgoing than Peter? —No. She is as _______ as him.
A. more; hardworking B. more; quiet C. much more; quieter
( )28. —Is your father at home _______? —No, he is arriving home _______.
A. then; quickly B. yet; fast C. now; soon
( )29. —Sunny Beach is a _______ place for holiday.
—Yes. During the May Day, _______ people go there and have a good time.
A. wonderful; thousands B. nice; thousands of C. good; five thousands
( )30. —Whose is the dictionary?
—It ________ be Alices. Look at her name on the cover.
A. must B. can C. may
三、完形填空。(共10小题,每小题1分,总分10分)
阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A robot will play an important part in our future life. The robot will be friendly and 31 to people. At home the robot can do the cleaning and play with you. It can be your friend. It can help you with your homework 32 you meet a difficult problem. It can have a 33 with you when you are alone. It knows what you say.
In the hospital, a mini robot can help doctors 34 operations. When an old patient has blood sickness and he needs to have an operation, the mini robot will go into his blood vessel (血管) and make it clean. This is an advantage 35 mini robot to do a doctors job.
At the restaurant, a robot can make customers 36 their dinner. For example, when you come to a restaurant, the robot welcomes you and 37 hands with you. Maybe it will give you a beautiful flower. You must be 38 . The robot will ask you what you want to eat or what you want to drink.
Also, they can take the 39 of humans to work in some dangerous places. Some robots can search survivors (幸存者) when an earthquake happens. In the army, robots can also do a dangerous job. They know where the bombs (炸弹) are and how deep the bombs are 40 the earth.
( )31. A. helpful B. useless C. careful
( )32. A. while B. until C. when
( )33. A. walk B. talk C. joke
( )34. A. put out B. take out C. carry out
( )35. A. for B. from C. to
( )36. A. enjoyed B. enjoy C. to enjoy
( )37. A. shaking B. shake C. shakes
( )38. A. happy B. angry C. unhappy
( )39. A. job B. place C. business
( )40. A. in B. above C. under
四、阅读理解。(共10小题,每小题2分,总分20分)
阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的三个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
A
American country music is famous all over the world, such as the songs of John Denver. Many people enjoy listening to the music in their free time. But still some people dont know where it began.
Country music comes from folk music of the Appalachian Mountains (阿巴拉契亚山脉) in the east of America. There, people sing while playing the guitar and violin. They sing about everyday life, love and their problems. So the songs are sometimes a little sad.
John Denver is one of the most popular country music singers. He is also quite famous to the Chinese. For John Denver, music is a language that could bring the world together. He says music can bring people together. They will understand each other through music. People are different in color and they may speak different languages, but people are the same in mind and body. All of them love music and can understand music.
The world lost a great man when John Denver died in 1997. But his words and music will still live on.
( )41. American country music usually tells us about ________.
A. folk songs B. sad stories C. love and problems
( )42. “Music is a language that could bring the world together.” means people ________.
A. can sing songs together
B. from all over the world sing the same songs
C. can show feelings by music and understand each other better
( )43. From the passage we know that John Denver ________.
A. is an American country music singer
B. can bring people to get together
C. is good at playing the guitar and violin
( )44. People from different countries ________.
A. must be the same in mind and body
B. should speak the same language through music
C. can understand each other through music
( )45. Which of the following is RIGHT?
A. Everybody knows where country music began.
B. John Denvers music will live on in peoples hearts.
C. Country music comes from all kinds of music.
B
Im a thirteen-year-old girl. My classmates say that Im too fat. I worry about myself and feel very sad. What should I do to lose weight? I dont want to be heavy. I got an idea from the Internet and then I made a plan to lose weight.
Do exercise for about one hour every day. The exercise should be something like running, biking, dancing, or swimming. After that do some special exercise for thirty minutes, such as for the legs or for the waist.
I think its not bad to have a good eating habit. Eating less or no eating is not good for health. I will eat bread without butter; only a little beef or pork; eat more vegetables and fruits; and stay away from junk food.
I will drink water or soup before each meal. This will help me feel full sooner. I will try to have four or five meals a day. So that I can eat less at each meal but not feel hungry. Breakfast is very important, and so is lunch.
After three months, I think I will become much thinner and healthier than before. I am very happy with my weight-loss plan.
( )46. What sport doesnt the writer do?
A. Swimming. B. Climbing. C. Dancing.
( )47. What does the writer look like?
A. Thin. B. Tall. C. Heavy.
( )48. Why does the writer drink soup before meal?
A. Because it makes her feel happy.
B. Because it makes her feel full.
C. Because it make her feel hungry.
( )49. Which sentence below has the same meaning of the underlined sentence?
A. Both breakfast and lunch are important.
B. Either breakfast or lunch is important.
C. Neither breakfast nor lunch is important.
( )50. Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. She will not eat junk food in her plan.
B. She has strong mind to lose weight.
C. She thinks it good to eat nothing.
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共35分)
五、翻译语篇。(共5小题,每小题2分,总分10分)
阅读下面的短文,然后将下面划线的句子译成汉语或英语。
Dear Henry,
I would like to invite you to watch the magic show at the City Theater. 51. City Theater is the best theater, isnt it? The magic show will start on the afternoon of Saturday, July 12th at 4:00. I have two tickets. 52. 一张票是你的,另一张票是我的。
After the magic show, we will come back to my house. Today is my birthday. 53. I moved here last week. I am new here. 54. 在这个新城市你是我的第一个朋友。 My parents will cook a big meal for us. You said you could make an apple milk shake. How often do you make an apple milk shake? Could you make an apple milk shake for me tonight?
55. Remember not to be late.
Yours friendly,
David
51. __________________________________52. __________________________________
53. __________________________________54. __________________________________
55. __________________________________
六、补全对话。(共5小题,每小题2分,总分10分)
读下面的对话,根据上下文将对话补充完整。
Peter: Hi, Sally. Come and have a look at my photos.
Sally: Are these the photos you took in Africa, Peter?
Peter: 56. ____________________________. Look, this is a wild beast. Its an animal in Africa.
Sally: Does it eat meat?
Peter: 57. _____________________________. It only eats grass.
Sally: Are there a lot of animals in Africa?
Peter: 58. _____________________________.
Sally: Wow, this photo looks interesting. 59. _____________________________?
Peter: I was riding the elephant.
Sally: 60. _____________________________?
Peter: Yes, of course. I really enjoyed myself.
七、情景作文。(本大题15分)
假如你是Mary,以下是班主任给你的期末评价报告单,请根据下列表格中的提示给你的父母写封信,说说你的学习情况。
注意:可合理发挥,内容详细,80词左右。信的开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Dad and Mum,
Hows it going? I got my report card today. ______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Your daughter,
1. Put the bananas and ice-cream in the blender.
2. We need a cup of yogurt.
3. I like to eat turkey with vegetables.
4. Many people eat noodles for breakfast.
5. My mother usually makes dumplings for us.
Ⅱ. 听句子,选出该句的最佳答案。句子读一遍。
6. How many apples do you need?
7. How much milk do you need?
8. You have to add a spoon of sugar and one cup of yogurt.
9. How many bananas did you peel just now?
10. Can you make fruit salad?
Ⅲ. 听对话,选择正确答案。对话读两遍。
W: Let’s make fruit salad.
M: Good idea. How many oranges do we need?
W: Three.
M: And how much cheese do we need?
W: About one teaspoon.
M: Do we need bananas?
W: Yes, we need two.
M: What about one cup of yogurt?
W: OK. And we need an apple, too.
Ⅳ. 听短文,完成表格。短文读两遍。
How to make a turkey sandwich?First, put one teaspoon of mustard on two pieces of bread. Then cut up one tomato. Put one piece of tomato on the bread. Next, add three pieces of turkey. Finally, put two teaspoons of gravy on the turkey.
1~5 BDCAE 6~10 BAAAA 11~15 CBBBC
16. turkey 17. two pieces 18. Cut up 19. three 20. two teaspoons
21. A turn on“打开”; turn up“开大”;turn down“关小”;turn off“关掉”。根据句意“我想看《动物世界》,请打开电视”可知选A。
22. B 句意:不要把牛奶倒进杯子里,杯子满了。peel“剥去”;leave“离开”;drink“喝”,均不符合句意。pour意为“倾倒”,pour...into...意为“把……倒进……”,符合句意。
23. C 句意:“这个香蕉太大了。”“你可以先把它切碎。”这里banana是单数名词,故
用it代替,排除A、B两项;cut up的宾语是代词时,应放在cut和up之间。故选C。
24. C 句意:汤姆,请在面条里加些盐。add...to...意为“把……加入……”,符合句意,故
选C。
25. B 句意:你应当把一茶匙糖和一杯酸奶放进搅拌器里。sugar是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故排除C、D两项;这里teaspoon是可数名词,如果前面是two,要用复数,排除A项。故选B。
26. A make“制作”;take“拿走,取走”;cook“做饭”;do“做,干”。 根据句意 “他如何制作水果沙拉?”可知选A。
27. B 句意:“你需要多少酸奶?”“两杯。”根据句意可排除C、D两项;yogurt为不[来
可数名词,应当用how much提问,而不用how many。故选B。
28. C 句意:这是火鸡三明治的做法。这里的for表示对象、用途等,意为“为,适合于”。
故选C。
29. B 句意:加入一些蜂蜜,搅拌配料。cut up “切碎”;turn on “打开”; put on “穿上”,均不符合句意,而mix up意为“混合”,符合句意。
30. C 句意:把土豆放进锅里煮大约10分钟。这里的for表示时间段,其他选项均不符合句意。
31. D 句意:然后把一个洋葱和一个西红柿切碎。onion以元音音素开头,前面用不定冠词an;tomato以辅音音素开头,前面用不定冠词a,故选D。
32. B 句意:昨天早饭我吃了两片面包。不可数名词前不能直接用数词修饰,而且没有复数形式,
排除A、D两项;slice为可数名词,因数词为two,slice要用复数形式,故选B。
33. C 句意:首先,在面包上放些生菜。on意为“在……上面”,符合句意,故选C。
34. B 句意:“你想再喝些 茶吗?”“请再来一点。”空格后有please一词,说明想喝,所以排除A项“不再”和C项“我已经喝够了”;D项不符合语言习惯。故B项为最佳答案。
35. A 句意:首先,把香蕉放进搅拌器里,然后打开搅拌器。这里next为副词,意为“接
下去,然后”,与first相对应,表示事件的先后顺序。故选A。
36. C for后跟一段时间,表示某个动作或状态持续一段时间。
37. C cut up“切碎”。
38. A add“添加”。
39. B pour是动词, 用副词slowly来修饰。
40. C mix up“混合”。
41. B 由常识可知应该是把调味汁倒在盘子中的意大利面上。pour“倒”。
42. C 由 常识可知做米饭时应该先打开锅盖, 然后加入水等。
43. C next“下一步”。
44. C 由常识可知当米饭做熟的时候我们应该是听见哔哔声, hear强调“听到”的结果。
45. D before在此是介词,后跟动词-ing形式,故选D。
46. B 根据第一段第二句Italians like to eat pizza.可知答案为B。
47. A 根据第二段第一句In England, one of the most popular kinds of food is fish and chips.可知答案为A。
48. A 根据文章内容可知“不同国家的人吃不同的食物”,故选A。
49. B 根据第三段第六句Ham (火腿) is a kind of pork, but the hamburger does not have any pork in it.可知答案为B。
50. C 根据第三段第四句But the most popular kind of take-away food is the hamburger.可知
hamburger是一种食物,故选C。
51. F 由第一段中的One day, a customer (顾客) did not like...too thick.可知此句表述错误。
52. F 由第二段第三句可知此句表述错误。
53. T 由第二段中的It took a long time to make potato chips. People peeled the p otatoes by
hand. Then in 1920, the automatic (自动的) potato peeler changed everything.可知1920年之
前, 制作薯片不容易。
54. F 文中并没有提到谁发明了这种削土豆的机器。
55. F 由最后一段可知此句表述错误。
56. Peel 57. sandwiches 58. checked 59. cut 60. into
61. How many bananas do we need 62. Let’s see 63. should be/are enough
64. How much yogurt do we need 65. what else do we need
66. to make 67. peel 68. blender 69. teaspoons 70. Finally
One possible version:
Dear Hector,
I’m glad to get your letter.
You say you like popcorn. I also like it very much. I learned from my mother how to make popcorn two years ago. Now let me show you how to make it. First you put the corn into the popcorn machine. Next, turn on the popcorn machine. Wait for several minutes. Then you pour the popcorn into the bowl and add one spoon of salt to the popcorn. Finally you can eat the popcorn.
Best wishes!
Yours,
1.患感冒 2.背痛 3.齐头并进
4.胃痛 5.咽喉痛 6.躺下休息
7.看牙医 8.多喝水 9.加蜂蜜的热茶
10.好主意 11.多休息 12.我不知道
13.筋疲力尽 14.健康的生活方式 15.传统中医
16.阴阳调和 17.均衡的饮食 18.健康食品
19.保持健康 20.玩得高兴 21.练习做某事
22.介意做某事 23.完成某事 24.放弃做某事
25.忍不住做某事 26.坚持做某事 27此刻
28.东道家庭 29.会话练习
Ⅱ.应掌握的句子:
1.你怎么了?我得了重感冒。
2.他怎么了?他胃痛。
3.魏芳怎么了?她背痛。
4.或许你应该看牙医。
5.李平应该躺下休息。
6.我们不应该上课吃东西。
7.我希望你很快好起来。
8.传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和保持身体健康。
9.我相信每天晚上睡眠8个小时很重要。
10.吃均衡饮食以保持健康。
11.吃一些水果对你的健康有好处。
12.太紧张易怒的人或话吃了太多的阳性食物。
13.有一个健康的生活方式很容易,饮食平衡是很重要的。
14.学好英语不是很容易的。
15.我们进教室时,老师已经开始讲课了。
16.他的话是真的,但是我不信任他这个人。
17.这段时间我感觉不大好。
18.我很疲劳,而且经常头痛。
19.我很容易紧张,因为普通话没有长进。
20.医生叫他戒烟。
21.请把窗户关上好吗?
22.在这里吸烟你介意吗?
23.尽管天在下雨,他们仍然坚持工作。
adv.在...期间prep.对着,反对队,组v.获胜,赢得v.加油,欢呼;喝彩; n.欢呼声,喝彩声为...加油v.& n练习,实践v.更喜欢,宁愿(选
择)v.划船;n.(一)排,(一)行adv.相当,很,十
分v.加入,参加;连接;会合v.溜冰,滑冰v.骑自行车n.网球乒乓球比赛
者,选手n.梦,梦想;v.做梦
v.成长,生长;发育;种植;变成科学家n.将来今后乐手,音乐家n.飞行员差渔民v.跳跃;n.跳跃;猛扑v.度过;
花费(金钱、时间等)n.锻炼,做操;练习,习题v.锻炼n.棒球n.周末对……有益健康,保健到处,遍及adj.流行的,大众的,受欢迎的世界,地球晚餐n.心脏,心;纸牌中的红桃n.肺;肺脏后天健康的,健壮的adj.健康的;适合的;
v.(使)适合安装使)放
松,轻松adj.著名的队友adj.激动的,兴奋的v.离开;把……留下,剩下;
关键词:语言输入,思维培养,策略
《中学英语教学法》倡导英语学习要用英语思维———think in English。英语教师要善于训练学生“在使用英语进行表达和理解时, 没有本族语思考的介入, 没有‘心译’的介入”, 从而说出真正流利、熟练的英语。笔者尝试从提高“可理解语言输入”的有效性着手, 探讨培养学生英语思维的有效途径。
一、善用元语言策略, 用英语教英语, 培养英语思维定势
元语言是外语教学的有效工具, 它既培养和提高了外语学习者使用语言的能力, 同时也教给了学习者描述语言、释译语言的知识和手段。《国家英语课程标准》解读本对此进行了阐述: ( 1) 教师用来阐释语义的语言; ( 2) 教师提问涉及意义理解的语言; ( 3) 教师用于与学生进行语言交流时涉及语言本身的语言; ( 4) 教师在语言训练中用于操练组织活动的语言。使用“元语言”是英语教师坚持用英语教学原则的有效策略。英语教师要善于用自身良好的语言素质和话语行为为学生提供良好的语言输入, 促使学生逐步养成以英语为外壳的思维定势。
在Unit 6, Section B的教学中, 教师通过问题导入, 引导学生复习了Talk about personal traits的话题, 又在导入3a阅读环节时, 使用元语言话语解释了opposite的词义, 为学生阅读清除了思维障碍。
以下是元语言运用的一个实例。
T: Here’s 3 pictures of my best firend . Haha, She’s my girl friend . Canyou tell me why I love her?
S: She’s beautiful. She is athletic. She has big eyes. …
T: Do you think we have opposite views and interests? Opposite means different, for example , I like playing football but she doesn’t . I think Kobe iscool but she doesn’t . We have some opposite views and interests. Do you thinkopposite views and interests are important to friends?
二、坚持整体教学原则, 把握语言的系统性, 促进逻辑思维和概括能力培养
语言输入要注重整体性原则。以阅读教学为例, 中学英语教学大纲针对课文教学有明确规定:“课文首先应作为一个整体来教”, 让学生“掌握各个段落之间的逻辑关系, 进而更好地掌握整篇课文。”英语教师要善于帮助学生从整体上理解课文, 保持课文信息的完整性。通过有针对性的悬问设疑, 促进学生用英语思考, 加深对课文内容、篇章结构和布局的理解, 熟悉表达的思路, 熟悉文中意义的因果关系, 熟悉语言的内在联系, 从而使逻辑思维和概括能力得到培养。
在Unit 6的教学中, 该单元以Talk about personal traits这一话题为主线, 课文里设置的各种听、说、读、写活动均为这一主题服务。教师应该围绕这一主题指导学生学会用英语谈论人物的不同特征。要指导学生学会从人物的外貌、身高、年龄、体重、兴趣爱好、特长等特征进行归纳、对比、概括、评价, 形成一套相应的语言表达技巧, 以便在进行书面或者口头交际遇到相应的话题时能够熟练地提取相应的信息进行表达, 娴熟、流畅地完成交际任务。该单元设置了SETION A, SETION B和SELF CHECK三个部分, 各部分又设有1a, 1b等多项语言训练活动。我们不能把这些语言活动割裂开来教学。笔者在听课时发现, 王老师在教学中巧妙地把自己曾经赴美国参加英语语言进修学习班的经历与课文教学有机结合, 把课文中的角色化为自己出外学习时遇到过的人物, 以自己赴美学习的情境为主线展开教学, 针对人物特征展开话题, 听、说、读、写活动环环相扣, 教学效果很好。在教学SETION A和B的Reading时, 教师更是引导学生总览全文, 观察领会语篇的开头、中间和结尾, 理解文中因果、逻辑等关系, 把握整体表达的方法和技巧。
三、中西方文化对比引导, 缩小语用规则差异, 促进跨文化思维习惯培养
英语和汉语属于两种不同体系的语言, 语言结构和语用规则差异给学生英语思维带来很大影响。学生的英语思维往往被卡在两种语言结构和语用规则的不同之处。英语教师要重视对两种语言的语用规则差异的研究, 善于从英美语言文化思维习惯的视角作引导, 帮助学生在英语学习中缩小语用规则差异, 打通英语思维瓶颈, 培养交际能力。“在英语阅读教学中, 教师不适当的语言输入也会造成学生理解语用规则的差异。教师如能引导学生用英美文化视角去阅读, 将会大大减少这一差异”。因此, 教师在对学生进行语言输入时要讲究策略, 在输入存在文化习俗和语用规则差异的语言材料时, 可以先进行话题热身, 让学生在听、读前就带着一种英美式听读视角去感受、体会和应用语用规则。
在Section B, 3c Pairwork的教学活动中, 像Job AD和Teahcer wanted这样的东西在我国农村中小学校园中并不多见, 而在英美国家, 重视学生社会实践和能力培养的理念和做法备受推崇, 组织社会活动能力强的学生去参加社会公益实践活动的事情很常见。此外, 像Job AD这类的广告、通知等的文字表述也与学生平时接触到的语言表达方式有所不同, 英语教师可以此作引导, 帮助学生拓展视野, 培养跨文化意识, 加深对语言输入的理解和吸收。
四、设置信息差, 激发探究欲望, 促进创造性思维培养
语言是传递信息的工具。在英语课堂上, 我们要善于“把握好学生现有的认知水平, 力求在课堂教学中创设出能从不同侧面、不同角度表现学习任务的多种情境, 而后通过在情境中传递不同的信息, 从而使交际双方所拥有的信息具有差异, 学生带着对另一方信息的渴求去运用语言”。信息差的设置可以使课堂活动变得更生动有趣, 语言输入环境更真实、自然。
以本单元Section B, 3a Reading这一环节的课堂教学为例, 王老师在组织学生进行阅读的语言输入后, 结合三个人物特征设置了一些开放性的问题, 激发学生的探究欲望, 进一步培养学生用英语解决问题的能力。
Question 1: Where is Huang Lei from?
Question 2: How old is he? Is he as old as you?
Question 3: Why?
Question 4: Where does he study?
Question 5: Who does he look like in our class?
Question 6: What is different between you and him?
英语课应多一些学生感兴趣的、开发性和启发性的问题, 让学生放飞思维的翅膀, 在理解具体情景中所传递的“信息差”的语言活动中创造性地使用语言, 培养语言交际能力。
五、创新教学设计, 打造精品课堂, 优化输入环境
有好的剧本才能拍出好电影, 有好的教案才能上出一节好课。由于义务教育阶段的学生本身的英语知识和生活经验有限, 这就要求我们英语教师更要在教学设计上多花心思, 对每一个环节知识的生成和问题的出现都要作出充分的预见, 确保教学流畅自然。教学设计要精益求精, 努力创新。只有不断创新的教学设计才能让课堂教学更精彩。
在教学Unit 6时, 王老师以周华健的一曲“朋友”导入话题, 然后以What is the song about? 引入friends话题, 借助歌曲视频中周华健、谭咏麟等大家熟悉的明星紧扣talk about personal traits这一目标以They are friends展开教学, 语言活动迎合学生口味, 深受学生欢迎, 英语思维活跃。
教学既要务实又要创新, 只要我们的教学源于教材而又超越教材, 在课堂上总能不断地给予学生新奇刺激, 产生惊喜, 那么我们的课堂必定精彩, 语言输入必定有效、高效。
参考文献
[1]胡春洞.英语教学法[M].高等教育出版社, 1990.35.
[2]英语课程标准解读[M].北京师范大学出版社, 2012.22.
[3]刘素霞.浅谈高中英语整体性教学原则[J].新课程中学版, 2009, (6) .
[4]祈小丽.语用功能在英语阅读教学中的应用[J].小学英语教与学, 2013, (6) :27.
[5]庄艳传.小学英语教学中“信息差”设置常见问题例析[J].小学英语教与学, 2013, (1) :38.
1. 用洗衣机洗涤衣服时,洗衣机有进水、清洗、排水、脱水四个连续的过程,其中进水、清洗、排水时洗衣机中的水量 (升)与时间 (分钟)之间满足某种函数关系,其函数图象大致为( ).
2.已知四点(1,1)、(2,8)、(2,4)、(3,11),其中在一次函数 =+ 2的图象上的点有().
A.1个B.2个C.3个 D. 4个
3.设点P1(1,1)、点P2(2,2)是一次函数 =+ 3图象上的两个点,且 1<2,则1与2的大小关系是( ).
A. 1>2 B. 1>2 >0 C. 1< 2 D. 1 = 2
4.一次函数1 =+ 与2 =+ 的图象如图1所示,下列结论①<0;② >0;③当<3时,1< 2中,正确的个数是( ).
5. 某市统计局公布了“十五”时期该市农村居民年人均收入的增长率如图2所示,下列说法中正确的是().
A.2003年该市农村居民年人均收入低于2002年
B.该市农村居民年人均收入每年比上年增长率低于9%的有2年
C.该市农村居民年人均收入最多的是2004年
D.该市农村居民年人均收入每年比上年的增长率有大有小,但农村居民年人均收入在持续增加
6. 如图3是某班全体学生外出时乘车、步行、骑车的人数分布条形图和扇形图(两图都不完整),那么下列结论中错误的是().
A.该班总人数为50人 B.骑车人数占总人数的20%
C.步行人数为30人 D.乘车人数是骑车人数的2.5倍
7. 某校测量了八<1>班学生的身高(精确到1厘米),按10厘米为一段进行分组,得到图4.
根据图4,小聪得到的信息为“该班人数最多的身高段范围为160.5厘米至170.5厘米” ;小明得到的信息为“该班共有48名学生”; 小伶得到的信息为“该班有8人的身高在170厘米以上” ;小俐得到的信息为“该班身高低于161厘米的学生数为15人”,其中,正确信息的个数为( ).
A.1 B.2 C.3D.4
8. 在△ABC和△A′B′C′中,①AB = A′B′;②BC = B′C′;③AC = A′C′; ④∠A = ∠A′;⑤∠B =∠B′;⑥∠C = ∠C′,则不能保证△ABC≌△A′B′C′成立的条件是().
A.①②③B.②③⑥ C.①③⑤D.②④⑥
9. 如图5,△ABD与△ACE都是等边三角形,且AB<AC,则BE与CD之间的大小关系是().
A. BE = CDB. BE>CD
C.三处D.四处
二、填空题(每小题3分,共24分)
11.如图7,一次函数 =+ 5的图象经过点P(,)和Q(,) ,则()()的值为_____.
那么不等式 + <0的解集是______.
13.若直线 =+ 和直线 =+ 的交点为(,8),则 + 的值为_____.
14.某校为了了解初三<3>班50名学生在升学考试中的数学成绩,对这50名学生进行了全面调查,将所得数据整理成下表:
那么表格中的 =________,= ________.
15.如图8是甲、乙两家汽车销售公司根据近几年的销售量,制作的统计图:
从2002年到2006年,这两家公司中销售量增加较快的是______.
16.如图9,点D、E分别在线段AB、AC上,BE、CD相交于点O,AE = AD,要使△ABE≌△ACD,需添加的一个条件是_______(只要写一个条件).
17.如图10,D、E是BC上的两点,且BE = CD,若AD = AE, ∠1 =∠2 = 110O,∠B = 50O,那么∠CAE的度数为______.
18.如图11,∠ACB = 90O,AC = BC,BE⊥CE,AD⊥CE于D,AD = 24,DE = 18,则BE的长为______.
三、解答题(第19题和第20题各6分,第21题至第23题各8分,第24题10分,共46分)
19.小华已存有62元零用钱,打算从现在起每个月再存12元;小华的同学小丽以前没有存过零用钱,听说小华在存零用钱,表示从现在起每个月存20元,争取超过小华.
(1)试写出小华的存款总数 1与从现在开始的月数之间的函数关系式以及小丽存款数2与月数之间的函数关系式;
(2)从第几个月开始小丽的存款数可以超过小华?
20.如图12,已知BE⊥AD,CF⊥AD,且BE = CF. 请你判断AD是△ABC的中线还是角平分线?请说明你判断的理由.
21.某中学对参加期末考试的100名学生的数学成绩进行抽样调查,抽取了部分学生的数学成绩(试题满分120分,成绩都是整数)进行统计,绘制图13.若图中每组分数含最低分,不含最高分,且从左到右6个小组的频数之比是3∶4∶9∶8∶6∶2,第3小组的频数是9.
(1)本次调查共抽取了多少名学生的数学成绩?
(2)这次考试成绩哪个分数段内的人数最多?有多少人?
(3)数学成绩在90分以上(含90分)的同学所占的比例是多少?
22.如图14,在△ABC中,D是BC的中点,直线EF过点D交AC于点E,交AC的平行线BF于点F,DG⊥EF交AB于点G,连结FG.
(1)求证:BF = CE;
(2)请探索BG + CE与EG之间的大小关系,并说明理由.
23.某文具店销售的水笔只有A、B、C三种型号,下表和图15分别给出了上月这三种型号水笔每枝的利润和销售量.
(1)分别计算该店上月这三种型号水笔的利润,并将利润分布情况用扇形统计图表示;
(2)若该店计划下月共进这三种型号水笔600枝,结合上月销售情况,你认为A、B、C三种型号的水笔各进多少枝总利润较高?此时所获得的总利润是多少?
24.某化妆公司每月付给销售人员的工资有两种方案:方案一,没有底薪,只拿销售提成;方案二,底薪加销售提成.设(件)是销售商品的数量, (元)是销售人员的月工资.如图16所示,1为方案一的函数图象,2为方案二的函数图象.
已知每件商品的销售提成方案二比方案一少7元.根据图中信息解答如下问题(注:销售提成是指从销售每件商品得到的销售费中提取一定数量的费用):
(1)求1的函数解析式;
(2)请问方案二中每月付给销售人员的底薪是多少元?
(3)如果该公司销售人员小丽的月工资要超过1000元,那么小丽选用哪种方案最好,至少要销售商品多少件?
参考答案:
一、选择题
1. D(进水时,随的增大而增大;清洗时, 增大,不变;排水时, 随的增大而减少);
2. D(把各点的横坐标当作,纵坐标当作,代入=+ 2 中,使等式成立的就在图象上,否则,就不在);
3. A(由 = <0,得一次函数=+ 3的值随的增大而减小.因为 1<2,所以1>2);
4. B(注意到在一次函数1=+ 的图象中随的增大而减少,所以<0;一次函数2 =+ 与轴的交点在的负半轴,所以<0;当 <3时,一次函数1=+ 的对应图象在一次函数2 =+ 的对应图象的上方,所以<3时,1>2);
5. D(只要增长率不是负数或零,那么该市农村居民年人均收入都比上一年高);
6. C(该班总人数为25÷50% = 50人,骑车人数占总人数的(150%30%) = 20%,步行人数为50×30% = 15人,乘车人数是骑车人数的25÷10 = 2.5倍);
7.C(人数最多的身高段范围为160.5厘米至170.5厘米,该班共有学生5 + 15 + 20 + 8=48名,身高在170厘米以上的人数为8人,身高低于161厘米的人数为5 + 15 = 20人);
8.C(①②③的条件即为边边边的条件,②③⑥的条件即为边角边的条件,①③⑤的条件即为边边角的条件,②④⑥即为角角边的条件);
9. A(由AB = AD,∠BAE = ∠DAC = 60O+ ∠DAE,AE = AC,得 △BAE≌△DAC);
10. D(直线1、2、3所围成的三角形内存在一处,这个三角形外有三处).
二、填空题
11. 25(依题意, =+ 5, =+ 5,将其代入所求式子中,结果为25);
12. >1(这个表格,从左往右看, 的值越来越大,对应的的值越来越小,所以随的增大而减小.又 = 1时, = 0,所以 >1时,<0,即有 >1时,+ <0);
13. 16 (将交点的坐标代入两条直线的解析式中,有 = 8 + , = 8);
14. 6,10(% = 3÷50×100%=6%, = 50×20% = 10);
15. 甲公司(甲公司从2002年到2006年销售量增加300多辆,而乙公司从2002年到2006年销售量增加不到300辆);
16. AB = AC或BD = CE或∠B =∠C或∠AEB =∠ADC(在△ABE和△ACD中,由于AE = AD且∠BAE = ∠CAD,要使这两个三角形全等,还差一个条件,应根据全等三角形的判定条件来添加);
17. 20O(可以推出△ABD≌△ACE,那么∠C =∠B = 50O);
18. 6(可以推出△ACD≌△CBE,那么CE = AD = 24,BE = CD = CEDE = 6).
三、解答题
19. (1)1 = 62+12,2 = 20;(2)由2>1,得20>62+12.解之,>7.75.因为为正整数,所以的最小值为8.从而从第8个月开始小丽的存款数可以超过小华.
20. AD是△ABC的中线.理由如下:在Rt△BDE和Rt△CDF中,因为BE = CF,∠BDE =∠CDF,∠BED =∠CFD = 90O,所以 △BDE ≌ △CDF. 所以BD = CD, 即AD是△ABC的中线.
21. 从左到右6个小组的频数之比是3∶4∶9∶8∶6∶2,第3小组的频数是9,得这6个小组的频数分别为3、4、9、8、6、2.(1)本次调查共抽取的学生人数为(3 + 4 + 9 + 8 + 6 + 2) = 32名;(2)这次考试成绩人数最多的分数段为80~90分,有9人;(3)数学成绩在90分以上(含90分)的学生人数为(8 + 6 + 2) = 16人,所以数学成绩在90分以上(含90分)的同学所占的比例是16÷32×100% = 50%.
22. (1)由BF∥AC,得∠FBD =∠ECD.在△BDF和△CDE中,因为 ∠FBD =∠ECD,BD = CD,∠FDB =∠EDC,所以△BDF≌△CDE.所以BF = CE.(2)在△GDF和△GDE中,因为GD = GD,∠GDF =∠GDE,DF = DE,所以△GDF≌△GDE.所以FG = EG.因为BG + BF>FG,所以BG + CE>EG.
23. (1)由图16知,上月该文具店共销售A型水笔300枝、B型水笔600枝、C型水笔100枝. 那么A型水笔的利润为0.6×300 = 180元, B型水笔的利润为0.5×600=300元,C型水笔的利润为1.2×100 = 120元.A型水笔的利润占这三种水笔总利润的百分比为180÷(180 + 300 + 120)×100% = 30%,B型水笔的利润占这三种水笔总利润的百分比为300÷(180 + 300 + 120)×100% = 50%,C型水笔的利润占这三种水笔总利润的百分比为120÷(18 0+ 300 + 120)×100% = 20%,所以利润公布情况的扇形统计图容易画出,如图所示;(2)注意到每销售一枝C型水笔的利润最大,每销售一枝B型水笔的利润最小,那么若该店计划下月共进这三种型号水笔600枝,应尽可能多地进C型水笔,尽可能少地进B型水笔. 根据上月的销售情况,要使总利润较高,应进A型水笔300枝,B型水笔200枝, C型水笔100枝, 此时所获得的总利润为0.6×300 + 0.5×200 + 1.2×100 = 400(元).
24. (1)设1的函数解析式为1 = (≥0).因为1经过点(30,420),所以30 = 420.解得, = 14.所以 1 的函数解析式为1 = 14(≥0);(2)设2的函数解析式为2 =+ (≥0).因为2经过点(30,560),所以560 =+ .因为每件商品的销售提成方案二比方案一少7元,所以 = 147 = 7, = 350. 所以 = 7 + 350 (≥0).显然方案二中每月付给销售人员的底薪为350元;(3)当1>1000,得14>1000.解之, >.所以按方案一,小丽至少要销售72件商品月工资才能超过1000元.当 2>1000时,得7 + 350>1000.解之,>92.所以按方案二,小丽至少要销售93件商品,月工资才能超过1000元.综上,小丽选择方案一最好,至少要销售商品72件.
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