简爱英文版介绍（通用6篇）
The Soul In Jane Eyre Introduction Jane Eyre is such a great novel that it holds an important position in the history of British literature.It has been translated into various languages and adapted for movie,dazzling generations of readers all through the world.And the soul of the Jane Eyre is the female doctrine.Jane Eyre is neigher a very beautiful woman,nor rich,but her genuine,selfless love for Rochester.But she also is a independent woman,who takes a positive and progressive attitude toward love,life,society and religions and who dares to fighe for the liberty and equality.Jane’s sufferings are the deep reflections of the live of lower-class people in Britain.
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天线作为无线系统的不可或缺的关键部件之一,一直受到从事该领域的工程师、学者和有关大专院校的师生的关注。这本手册的内容非常丰富,总计28章的内容涉及了天线基础、天线建模与系统规划、多种应用天线、天线阵列、天线材料与附件、天线的接地系统与地面对天线和电波传播的影响、传输线、无线电波传播,以及天线与传输线的测量,等等,甚至包括了主要天线产品的供应商的概况。
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Her early life at Gateshead was terrible, everyone seems harsh on her. She survives her parents at an early age, and has to live with her ugly aunt and three cousins. She suffers large quantities of bad conditions that others may not experience. However, she does not give up in despair, she does not destroy herself mentally, instead, Jane Eyre is filled with unlimited confidence, and she is a strong spirit, a victory over the inner personality.
She is then forced to send to Lowood Institution, unfortunately, life there turns out to be terrible, too. She is still under physical and spiritual punishment. Mr Brocklehurst insults her to be a liar before all pupils and teachers. But there she meets one sincere friend Helen Burns and one sincere teacher Miss Temple. They always treat her well. She then behaves very well and get many people’s recognition. Six years later, she makes a teacher there.
After two years teaching life at Lowood Institution, she plans to leave there to pursuit her own life and happiness. She was in a position of governess through a letter from Thornfield. Her life was totally changed after that. There she met a lovely girl, Adele and her master, Mr. Rochester. She has a special feeling about them. With the development of the plots, Jane Eyre succeed a large sum of money from his uncle, and through all bitter things which was caused by Rochester’s wife in Thornfield, Jane Eyre and Mr.Rockester finally get married and lead an ideal life.
I think Jane Eyre is an autobiography of Charlotte Bronte. Although the story is made up, the heroine and peoples life and the environment in the story were taken from the details of real people around and experience. Charlotte Bronte described a young girl’s struggling life to express her inner thought: everyone is equal regardless of his or her gender. The uniqueness of Jane Eyre is not only lies in its truth and the strong artistic appeal, but also lies in the particular female image. ()The love story of Rochester and Jane Eyre vividly shows the fire of passion and sincere heart strongly reveals their notions of love. She looks down upon the upper class who only use their power to do what they intend to do and laughs at their stupid to show her independent character and beauty dream.
In the actual fact, she wasn’t pretty, even herself knows that, and of course, the ordinary appearance make others have bad opinion on her, even her own aunt dislike her. And some others even thought that she was easy to look down upon and tease, but she was totally much more than “the plain and ugly tutor”。 And as a little governess she said to her master: “Do you think my poor, obscure, plain, and little has led me to be a soulless and heartless person? You have done a wrong thing!”Underneath these lines sees the equality of human in Jane Eyre’s mind. She has affection towards her master, Mr. Rochester, but when she finds that he has already had a wife, she leaves him and her love place without consideration. Although God did not grant her a beauty and wealth person, instead, God gave her a kind mind and a thoughtful brain. Her idea of equality and self-respect impressed us extremely much and make us feel the power inside her small body.
In my mind, a person’s beauty on the face can only make others feel that he or she is attractive or charming, if his or her mind isn’t the same noble as the appearance, beauty of this kind cannot last for a long time, because other people will one day find that the beauty which had charmed them was only a superficial one, it’s not sincere, they will not like the person any more. For a long time, only a person’s great virtue, a noble soul, a beautiful heart can be called as an everlasting beauty, just as Albert Einstein said: “A person must be held accountable for their biological survival or all of the meaning or purpose, from an objective point of view, I think it is ridiculous. Everyone can have a certain ideal, which determines the ideal and his efforts to determine the direction. In this sense, I never easy and the enjoyment of life as an end in itself, the ethical basis of this, I call it the ideal pigsty. I lit up the road, and continue to give me new courage to face up to the pleasure of the ideal life is good and the beautiful and true. If it were not for like-minded between the warm feelings, but focus on the objective world, the arts and sciences in the field of work will never reach the target, and then it seems to me that life would be empty. There are efforts to pursue the goal of the vulgar - property, vanity, luxury living, I think it is despicable.”
Now I get a better understanding of what real beauty is, as we are all human-beings, so we should distinguish whether a man is noble or vulgar.
1、The novel’s basics
The title of the novel is Jane Eyre.Charlotte Bronte is its writer.After published in 1847, it arouses a blow to English literature.It was also a milestone works in English literature.Although it had caused some critics, it also received popularity among the public.This book is so famous that it has been translated to many languages and published every where.2、The writer Jane Eyre was Charlotte Bronte’s representative works.Charlotte Bronte was born in Yorkshire, England on April 21, 1816.Charlotte’s father was a poor pastor in her hometown, and her mother was a housewife.She was the third of the children.Her two sisters, Emily and Anne, were also the famous authors.So they were called “the three sisters of Bronte” on literature history in England.When Charlotte was very young, Charlotte’s mother died of cancer.She lived a hard and unfortunate life when she was young, but soon her sisters and she were sent to Cowan Bridge, a school which her health and physical development was affected because of the outbreak of tuberculosis, Charlotte was brought home, and then Charlotte read a lot of books in her father’s book-room and begun to try to write something creatively on the literature.When she was fifteen years old, she left her hometown and returned to school for study.And then several years later, she became a teacher at the school.Then she left the school and became a private governess, and at the same time, wrote some literatures.3、The summary Jane Eyre told us Jane Eyre’s story.Her uncle had passed away, so she was raised by her cruel aunt, Mrs.Reed.At Lowood, Jane met Helen Burns who was a good and nice girl and shared a lot with her.They became each other’s best friend.A massive typhus epidemic spreads Lowood, and Helen died of it, Jane was very sad for it.After a group of sympathetic gentlemen took Brocklehurst’s place, Jane spent eight more years at Lowood, six as a student and two as a teacher.Then she became a private teacher at a manor called Thornfield, which’s employer was a impassioned man named Rochester, Jane found herself falling in love with him.However, on the wedding day, Jane found that Rochester already had a wife, Bertha.Rochester didn’t deny this, but he explained that Bertha had been already mad and he was not love her.However, Jane still left Thornfield sadly.Without food and money, Jane became a beggar.At last, three kind hearted people took her in.Their names were Mary, Diana and St.John, Jane quickly became friends with them.They helped Jane to get a job.One day news said that her uncle, John Eyre, had died and left her a large property.But she found that her uncle was also their uncle, so Jane decided to share her property with her three cousins.St.John decided to travel to India, he asked Jane as his wife although he didn’t love her.She refused to marry her cousin because she also did not love him at all.Finally she found she couldn’t forget Rochester.However, after she went back to Thornfield and found that it had become ruins because it had been burned to the ground by his mad wife.Rochester saved the servants but lost his eyesight and one of his hands.At Ferndean, Rochester and Jane finally got married.At the end of the story, Rochester regained sight in one eye and was able to behold their first son at his birth.Then they lived a happy life forever.3、The theme
The of theme of Jane Eyre is that the value of life is dignity and love.We maybe poor people, the disabled or some other unlucky person in the world, but we must have dignity and love.4、Characters analysis Jane Eyre:
She is the heroine of this novel.When the novel begins, She is a plain-featured and reserved but talented, empathetic, hard-working, honest, wise and passionate girl.She is skilled at studying, drawing, and teaching.She looks for freedom, true love, equity and independence.At novel’s end she has become a powerful, rich and independent woman, blissfully married to the man she loves.Edward Fairfax Rochester:
Jane’s lover;a dark, passionate, brooding man, who is a traditional romantic hero.He possesses a strong physique and great wealth, but his face is very plain and his moods prone to frequent change.Impetuous and sensual, he falls madly in love with Jane.Helen Burns:
Jane’s best friend at Lowood.Although she is unfairly punished by Miss Scatcherd at Lowood, Helen maintains her poise, partially through her loving friendship with Miss Temple.She is a tolerance and peace girl, and she has many impressive intellectual attainments.She believes god is equal to everyone, so she is not afraid of death.But unluckily she was died because of disease.5、How I feel about the book
This is a story about a special and unreserved woman who has been exposed to a hostile environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life.The story can be interpreted as a symbol of the independent spirit.It seems to me that many readers’ English reading experience starts with Jane Eyer.I am of no exception.As we refer to the movie “Jane Eyer”, it is not surprising to find some differences because of its being filmized and retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.Jane Eyer was a born resister, whose parents went off when she was very young, and her aunt，the only relative she had，treated her as badly as a ragtag.Since Jane’s education in Lowwood Orphanage began, she didn’t get what she had been expecting——simply being regarded as a common person, just the same as any other girl around.The suffers from being humiliated and devastated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything else.As a reward of revolting the ruthless oppression, Jane got a chance to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden.There she made the acquaintance of lovely Adele and that garden’s owner, Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside.Jane expected to change the life from then on, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal wife, who seemed to be the shadow following
Rochester and led to his moodiness all the time----Rochester was also a despairing person in need of salvation.Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own principles, because she was Jane Eyer.The film has finally got a symbolist end: Jane inherited a large number of legacies and finally returned.After finding Rochester’s misfortune brought by his original mad wife, Jane chose to stay with him forever.I don’t know what others feel, but frankly speaking, I would rather regard the section that Jane began her teaching job in Thornfield as the film’s end----especially when I heard Jane’s words “Never in my life have I been awaken so happily.” For one thing, this ideal and brand-new beginning of life was what Jane had been imagining for long as a suffering person;for another, this should be what the audiences with my views hoped her to get.But the professional judgment of producing films reminded me to wait for a totally different result: There must be something wrong coming with the excellence----perhaps not only should another section be added to enrich the story, but also we may see from the next transition of Jane’s life that “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you would get.”(By Forrest Gump’s mother, in the film “Forrest Gump”)
What’s more, this film didn’t end when Jane left Thornfield.For Jane Eyer herself, there should always be somewhere to realize her great ideal of being independent considering her fortitude, but for Rochester, how he can get salvation?
The film gives the answer tentatively: Jane eventually got back to Rochester.In fact, when Jane
met Rochester for the first time, she scared his horse and made his heel strained, to a certain extent, which meant Rochester would get retrieval because of Jane.We can consider Rochester’s experiences as that of religion meaning.The fire by his frantic wife was the punishment for the cynicism early in his life.After it, Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman whom he loved.Here we can say: human nature and divinity get united perfectly in order to let such a story accord with the requirements of both two sides.The value of this film may be due to its efforts to explore a new way for the development of humanism under the faith of religion.Life is ceaselessly changing, but our living principles remain.Firmly persisting for the rights of being independent gives us enough confidence and courage, which is like the beacon over the capriccioso sea of life.In the world of the film, we have found the stories of ourselves, which makes us so concerned about the fate of the dramatis personae.In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, both physical and mental effects on us call for a balance.We are likely to find ourselves bogged down in the Sargasso Sea of information overload and living unconsciousness.It’s our spirit that makes the life meaningful.Heart is the engine of body, brain is the resource of thought, and great films are the mirrors of life.In
1 接受美学概述
接受美学是西方文学批评理论。它的代表人物姚斯和伊塞尔认为文本美学价值的实现不可避免地需要读者创造性地积极参与。读者只有通过对作品不断地解读才能理解作品的意思。在作者、作品和读者的关系中, 读者的作用被放在突出重要的位置。正如姚斯在《接受美学论》 (Toward An Aesthetics of Reception) 中所言:“三者之间, 公众 (读者) 不是被动地做出反应, 其自身是历史构成的能量要素。如果没有接受者积极的参与, 文本的历史生命是无法想象的。通过思想仲裁过程, 作品进入不断变化中的经验视野, 永久性的转化发生了, 从简单的接受到批判的理解, 从被动到主动地接受, 从已知的美学标准到超越这种标准的新产品。” (Jauss 1982)
接受理论是一种文学批评理论。它以读者为中心, 认为文学作品意义的实现取决于读者。它关注读者对文本的接受情况以及读者和文本的关系, 并强调读者在阅读过程中的积极作用。这与以往以作者或者作品本身为中心的理论有很大的区别。
2 接受美学对翻译策略的启示
接受美学强调读者在文本解读中占据突出重要的地位, 译者在翻译过程中应该考虑这一点从而采取相应的翻译策略。在理解某一文本时, 目标语读者和源语读者应该具有相似或者相同的认知。翻译文本的选择、翻译策略的采用、翻译语言的斟酌, 都要以隐含读者的期待视野为中心, 以符合读者的阅读习惯, 满足读者的阅读期待。
旅游景点介绍的翻译并非是两种语言之间的简单转换, 而是一种跨文化的研究, 其读者大多数是外国游客, 因此其首要目的就是在翻译时兼顾中西方各方面的差异, 使译文符合读者的表达习惯和审美心理等, 让外国读者能够理解译文, 最终实现译文的可读性和可接受性。
景点介绍文本的英译可以分为五种类型加以考虑, 即读者的期待视野完全融合时;读者的期待视野通过读者的努力可以达到融合时;读者的期待视野在译者的帮助下可以达到融合时;读者的期待视野只能达到有限融合时;以及读者的期待视野扩大时。相应地, 译者可以采取直译、直译加注解、意译或者替换形象的策略来处理相关文本的英译。
3 从接受美学的角度分析延安革命纪念馆介绍文本的英译
1) 历史选择了延安, 延安铸就了辉煌。
History chose Yan’an, and Yan’an became a beacon.
从语法角度来说该句翻译没有问题, 而且考虑到“铸就辉煌”对英美读者来讲较为抽象, 即读者的期待视野只能达到有限融合, 译者有意识地将“铸就辉煌”转换为“became a beacon”, (成为灯塔) , 这样就易于被英美读者接受。但是如果改为“became a beacon of Chinese revolution”则表达就更明确了。另外“History chose Yan’an”改为被动句则更符合英文读者的阅读习惯。所以可改译为“Yan’an, as the beacon of Chinese revolution, was chosen by the history.”21935
2) 1935年冬, 随着全国抗日救亡运动高潮的到来, 中共中央制定了建立抗日民族统一战线的策略, 推动西安事变的和平解决, 促成第二次国共两党合作的实现。
In view of the rising movement of national resistance against Japan and national salvation in the winter of 1935, the CPC central committee formulated the policy of national united front against Japanese aggression and advanced the 2ndcooperation between Guomindang and the Communist Party by promoting the peaceful settlement of Xi’an Incident.
在延安革命纪念馆中没有将抗日战争翻译成“Anti-Japanese War”, 这一点是难能可贵的。因为“Anti-Japanese War”回译过来就是“反日战争”, 容易使外国游客引起误解, 用较为中性的“resistance against Japan”或者“against Japanese aggression/invasion”就相对客观一些。
在翻译红色旅游景点的文本时, 对重要历史背景、历史事件的处理很关键。例如上文中的西安事变, 如果直接翻译成“Xi’an Incident”, 对读者来说比较陌生, 也达不到通过参观了解历史知识的目的。译者应该采取直译加注解的方式, 帮助读者达到视野的融合。所以上段文本的英译可改为“...by contributing to the peaceful settlement of Xi’an Incident, which was a forced remonstration launched by a group of patriotic soldiers in December 12th, 1936.”3
3) 通过普遍、直接、平等、无记名的民主选举, 建立起各级民主政权。
Political administrations at all levels were established throughpopular, direct, equal and democratic election, using secret ballots.
英美读者对延安时期的民主选举很感兴趣。所以应该详细、准确传达当时的选举情况以及参政议政方式。本段的翻译基本上与英美读者的期待视野相融合, 或者通过读者的努力理解可以达到视野融合, 能使他们认识到当时的民主程度以及亲密的干群关系。需要注意的一点是, “无记名选举”的表达方式应该是“in a way of secret ballots”。
4) 从1947年7月起, 我党领导全国军民在军事上转入战略反攻的同时, 还开展了土地改革、整党、新式整军、工商业、统一战线等方面的工作, 制定了相关的基本政策。经过辽沈战役、淮海战役、平津战役三大战略决战和渡江战役等战略追击战役, 推翻了蒋家王朝在大陆的统治, 成立了中华人民共和国。
To win nationwide victory, beginning in July 1947 the CPCCentral Committee started to carry out land reform, rectification forthe Party and the army as well as the work in the fields of industry, business and the United Front while switching to strategic offen-sives militarily.After the decisive battles in Liaoxi-Shenyang, Huai-Hai and the Beiping-Tianjin campaigns and others like thatof forcing the Yangtze River, Jiang’s regime was overthrown andthe People’s Republic of China was founded.
上段译文中第一句话显然是中式英语, 而且主语应该是“The Communist Party”而不是“the CPC Central Committee”。另外随着中西方跨文化交际活动的不断展开, 英美读者的期待视野也在逐渐扩大, 他们已经接受了很多专有名词约定俗成的译法, 例如将“蒋介石”译为“Chiang Kai-shek”, 将“国民党”译为“Kuomintang”, 将“平津战役”中的北京译为“Peking”。上述种种如果按照译文中的方法写出, 可能会让英美读者不知所云。
延安革命纪念馆的英文介绍材料洋洋洒洒, 以万余字计。这些英文介绍材料能使英美读者基本了解中国共产党在延安时期的政治、经济、文化以及边区建设等情况, 从接受美学的角度讲, 其英文介绍材料也有意识地关注读者的接受程度以及接受效果。然而从细微处分析, 某些地方的英文表达不生动、不确切、不地道, 甚至是错误的, 需要作出改进。除了上述例子之外, 还有很多其他需要注意的地方, 比如说“艰苦奋斗的工作作风”应该是“the style of work diligently in defiance of difficulties”而不是“the style of plain living and hard work”, “延安时期”的表达方法应该是“Yan’an Times”或者“Yan’an Period”, 而不是“Yan’an Time”等。
4 结论
作为景观名称和景观介绍的文本, 其主要目的是让前来参观旅游的“普通游客看懂并能从中获取相关的自然、地理、文化、风俗等方面的知识” (方梦之, 毛忠明2005) , 所以如何选择翻译策略、准确地传达信息就显得尤为重要。接受美学作为一种文学理论被引入到翻译实践中, 为我们评判旅游文本提供了一种新的角度。
延安革命纪念馆作为全面介绍延安精神的重要文博场馆, 其英文介绍材料对于正确而恰当地传达意义、传播文化等起着至关重要的作用。从接受美学的角度看, 尽管其介绍材料的英文翻译文本中有些许瑕疵, 但是基本考虑到了英美读者的期待视野, 达到了信息交流、增长见识的作用。因此, 以读者为中心来考虑红色旅游景点介绍文本的英译是切实可行的, 如此不仅可以恰当地重现原文的意义, 更加有效地宣传中国红色文化, 而且可以为其它文本的英译提供一定的启示作用。
参考文献
[1]Jauss, Hans Robert.Toward an Aesthetics of Reception[M].Translation from German by Timothy Bahti.Minneapolis:Uni versity of Minnesota Press, 1982.
[2]陈刚.旅游翻译与涉外导游[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2006.
