必修三英语课文

必修三英语课文（精选8篇）

必修三英语课文篇1

Great European Cities

PARIS

Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world’s largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of France’s artists and writers live in Paris. BARCELONA

Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona’s most famous landmarks is the Church of Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn’t been finished yet! FLORENCE

Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred ears. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence’s most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city.

ATHENS

Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilization. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world’s most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period. Greece’s best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.

The Human Development Report

In the year , 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.

One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index. This examines the achievements of 175 countries. The Index measures a country’s achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. The other top five countries are: Iceland(2), Sweden(3),Australia(4), the Netherlands(5). The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone(in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. The report describes eight Development Goals. The most important goals are to:

Reduce poverty and hunger;

Make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11; Fight AIDS and other diseases;

Improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water; Encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.

The Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years, China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.

The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world , so it is right that they should do so.

The Violence of Nature

What is a Tornado?

A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.

Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street—or even in the next town. They can tale the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.

On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the us each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1500 injuries. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2700 had been injured. What Is a Hurricane?

Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.

The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre-high waves hit the city. The disaster killed 6000 people in a population of 37000 and destroyed 3600 buildings. An Extraordinary Event

This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane. Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada. He then moved to New York, where he became famous. By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. The cemetery where Goghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Goghlan’s coffin ended up in the sea.

Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. The Gulf Stream had carried it 3000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island. Coghlan traveled back to Canada—after he had been buried in Texas!

Sandstorms in Asia

Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.

Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes. The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert. “To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said. “There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in. You just had to hope you’d survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.” Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “destertification”. This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.

Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.

The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. It’s difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you’d better wear a mask.”

The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.

Philosophers of Ancient China

Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2000 years.

Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Confucius’s ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called the Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.

Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His ides of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.

The Three Gorges Dam

“Walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain”

Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dream of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”. Now his dream has come true. The power of the Yangtze River, which is the world’s third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.

The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China. The dam is nearly 200 metres high and 1.5 kilometres wide. It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.

Sun Yan-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919. Three quarters of China’s energy is produced by burning coal. In 1993, China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity. Unfortunately, burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.

The reservoir has flooded 2 cities, 11 counties, 140 towns and more than 4000 villages. More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes. Now they’re living a happy new life in different areas.

必修三英语课文篇2

2003年教育部出台的《普通高中英语课程标准 (实验) 》 (以下简称《新课标》) 中指出, 高中英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。其中, 语言技能是其重要的组成部分, 包括听, 说, 读, 写四个方面的技能综合运用。[1]王玉晓认为, 作为英语输入的主要途径之一和英语的必备技能, 英语听力备受重视。[2]在日常交际中听力技能占有重要位置, 而教材是培养学生听力技能最直接的工具。然而, 没有完美无缺的教材, 也没有适用于每个人的教材。因此, 对整本教材, 特别是对教材中听力板块的分析评价就非常必要了。

国外不少学者为教材评价做出贡献, 例如Sheldon提出整体印象评价和定性评价。[3]而针对国内教材研究, 束定芳、庄智象指出:教材评价要与具体的教学目标相结合, 要看教材是否与教学大纲所提出的教学目标相吻合。[4]教材的编写依据课程标准, 因此本研究依据《新课标》中听力技能的要求对NSEC教材必修三的听力板块进行评价。

二、“Listening”板块分析与评价

《新课标》要求高中阶段听力技能应达到七级水平。具体体现在以下几个方面:能识别语段中的重要信息并进行简单的推断;能听懂操作性指令, 并能根据要求和指令完成任务;能听懂正常语速听力材料中对人和物的描写、情节发展及结果等。[1]本研究以新课标为依据, 从听力材料的内容, 形式以及听力技能三个方面对人教版必修三的听力部分进行分析评价。

(一) 听力内容。通过统计必修三学生用书的Listening板块, 听力材料的内容均是以单元相关话题呈现, 题材丰富。其中涉及到节日、健康饮食、戏剧、天文, 地理等。该板块紧扣单元主题, 并与其他板块相互补充, 相互促进。例如第三单元的听力部分是由Listening, writing, and acting三部分的有机组合。首先学生对听力部分进行预测, 然后听材料进行核对并回答问题。最后假设学生是戏剧的主人公, 根据戏剧编写提纲进行戏剧创作。最终学生们表演出自己的戏剧场景。本单元听力部分的材料在内容的选择上与前面的Reading部分联系紧密, 即对课文内容的续写, 并且书面结果以表演的形式灵活的呈现。因此, 重要知识点不仅能在不同板块得以复现, 而且极大的提高了学生的学习兴趣, 使每一位学生都能融入听力学习之中, 获得成功的喜悦感, 提高学生自主学习能力。

(二) 听力形式。通过对人教版必修三的统计发现, 听力形式主要以文章和对话为主, 包括两篇对话和三篇文章。具体形式涉及辨音、选择、回答问题、填表格、补全句子、听后猜图片内容、听后写大意、听后表演、续写剧本等。听力过程中还与说, 读, 写三种技能相结合进行综合训练。每个单元乃至整本书中, 教材都依据学生生理和心理特点以及他们的认知发展水平和情感需要对听力形式进行合理安排, 循序渐进, 逐渐缓解学生认为听力难的畏惧心理。例如第一单元听力部分, 首先通过图片对听力内容进行猜测, 然后听对话回答问题, 最后根据听力材料学生自己编写一段新对话并进行表演。而对整本书而言, 从对话到篇章, 从辨音、选择到补全句子、填写表格、编写剧本。总之, 听力板块形式多样, 由易到难, 循序渐进, 提高了听力学习的趣味性与有效性。

(三) 听力技能。与旧教材相比, NSEC的一大亮点是, Listening板块以听力技能为主, 巧妙的与说, 读, 写三种技能融为一体。具体体现在以下几个方面:在听力的过程中常伴有讨论交流, 阅读资料, 编写对话, 进行表演等, 几种形式适当的分配在各个单元之中。例如第五单元的Listening部分, 首先对听力内容进行预测, 然后根据听力内容补全句子。最后边听边做记录, 接着以对话的形式呈献给大家。杨春娟认为, 听与写配合训练非常重要, 它是从口语过度到书面语, 从听说到写不可缺少的桥梁, 也是测试听力的重要手段之一。[5]因此, 学生通过听力理解其中关键词, 抓住文章大意, 并与写作训练相互配合。有助于发展学生的抽象思维能力和逻辑思维能力, 提高学生的语言表达能力和写作能力。为综合语言技能的培养与日常交际能力的提高提供有力支撑。

三、结语

本文从三个维度, 通过统计分析的方法对Listening板块进行分析评价。首先听力内容以单元主题呈现, 题材丰富多样, 但话题对于部分学生比较生疏, 因此教师要提前了解学生知识建构, 组织学生课前做好必要准备。其次, 听力形式多样, 激发学生兴趣, 但教材中的听力口音过于单一, 这与语言在日常的实际交流运用中不符。因此教师要灵活运用教材, 适当时添加不同口音的听力材料。最后, 活动设计对发展学生的听力能力有很大帮助, 与此同时口语、阅读、写作能力也得到相应提高。总之, 必修三Listening板块的设计基本符合《新课标》中听力技能七级目标的要求, 为综合语言运用能力的培养打下良好基础。因此教材使用者要学会灵活运用教材, 学会根据学生创造性的使用并开发教材, 注重学生听力技能的培养。

摘要：人教版新高中英语 (NSEC) 现已在全国被广泛使用, 与旧教材相比“Listening”板块有了新的变化。本研究以相关教材评价理论为依据, 试图从听力材料的内容、形式以及听力技能三个方面对NSEC教材必修三的“Listening”板块进行分析与评价, 帮助教材使用者灵活运用教材, 提高听力能力。

关键词：NSEC,“Listening”板块,教材评价

参考文献

[1]中华人民共和国教育部.普通高中英语课程 (实验) [M].人民教育出版社, 2003.

[2]王玉晓.论语言输入与外语习得[J].安阳师范学院学报, 2005, (4) :104-105.

[3]Sheldon, L.Evaluation ELTT ext books and Materials[J].ELT Journal, 1988 (4) :237-246.

[4]束定芳, 庄智象.现代外语教学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1996.

必修三英语课文篇3

根据句意和汉语或首字母提示,写出句中所缺单词的完全形式。

1. To succeed, we must________(结合) talentwith working hard.

2. The boy lifted the stone with all his______ (力量).

3. “You did a bad job!” She________(叹息).

4. We need both competition and ________ (合作).

5. Please find out the foods that give fiber for________(消化) and health.

6. She is not s________ enough to wear thesetight trousers.

7. Children are always full of c________; they want to know everything.

8. Because they didn’t reach any agreement,they had to make a ________decision.

9. Don’t take some e________exercise when you have caught a cold.

10. Do you believe that they have brought down prices of medicines for the b______of the people?

二、单项填空

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. The man opened the door and, out of _______, asked who was in the room.

A. interestB. anxiety

C. excitementD. curiosity

2. We must set a limit________our expenseson this trip.

A. of B. aboutC. to D. for

3. When someone ________at you, it means he is angry or unhappy about what you have said or done.

A. looksB. glances

C. staresD. glares

4. Remember never to lie to others; if youdid, you would have to ________ more lies to cover the lies you have________.

A. discover; toldB. invent; told

C. make up; said D. find out; spoken

5. Our teacher never looks tired. He is so fullof ________.

A. power B. force

C. strength D. energy

6. In order to win back the customers, theowner of the restaurant decided to sell his food ________.

A. in a discount B. with discount

C. at a discount D. for a discount

7. I know he hasn’t finished the work, but________, he has done his best.

A. at allB. in all

C. after all D. above all

8. Most smokers say they________smoking to some degree but health experts suggestthat they had better give it up_______their health.

A. benefit; for the benefit of

B. benefit from; with the benefit of

C. receive goodness; in the benefit of

D. benefit from; for the benefit of

9. No potatoes for me — I’m________a diet.

A. at B. in C. on D. with

10. I’m really tired________Tom. He had me ________for two hours in the rain.

A. of; waitingB. with; wait

C. of; waited D. with; waited

11. The old machine is ________.

A. of useless B. of not use

C. no use D. of no use

12. She________down her book and ________ in bed.

A. lay; laid B. laid; lay

C. lay; layD. laid; laid

三、同步语法

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. She ________ have stopped her work halfway through.

A. ought to notB. ought not to

C. not ought toD. doesn’t ought to

2. — I’ll tell Mary about her new jobtomorrow.

—You________ her last week.

A. ought to tellB. would have told

C. must tellD. should have told

3. My new English?鄄Chinese dictionary hasdisappeared. Who________have taken it?

A. shouldB. must

C. couldD. would

四、单元话题阅读

Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.

Proper nutrition(营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”(燃料).Don’t eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质), like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins (维他命) and minerals. However, don’t overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.

Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don’t get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality(人的个性). Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.

Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life?鄄span(寿命). Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.

If everybody, were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.

1. According to the passage, ________.

A. we should always keep fit

B. if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep

C. one can eat a lot to stay in good shape

D. one needn’t take any exercise if he is healthy

2. In order to keep good health, ________.

A. we should eat a lot of sweets

B. one needs a large amount of fat

C. people should eat according to the foods nutrition

D. we must try to sleep now and then

3. Eating more and sleeping less________.

A. can keep healthy

B. is no good for you

C. gets you more energy

D. will keep your personality

4. The writer explains_______in this passage.

A. how to eat

B. the importance of doing exercise

C. how to keep healthy

D. what to eat

5. The title of the article should be________.

A. Eating and Exercising

B. How Vitamins Work in Man’s Body

C. Staying Healthy

D. Sleeping Well

五、单元话题写作

假如你是学生会主席,请根据以下内容写一则100词左右的通知。

高一英语必修一课文翻译篇4

沿湄公河而下的旅行

第一部分梦想与计划

我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。两年前，她买了一辆价钱昂贵的山地自行车，然后她还说服我也买了一辆。去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟—在昆明读大学的刀伟和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，流经其他国家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅行产生了兴趣。到大学毕业后，我们终于有了作一次骑车旅行的机会。我问姐姐：“我们要去哪里?”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行的是我的姐姐。现在，她正为这次旅行制订计划。

我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个严重的缺点，她有时确实很固执。尽管她对到某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要把这次旅行安排的尽善尽美。现在我知道了这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我老是问她：“我们什么时候动身?什么时候回来?”我问她是否已经看过地图。当然她并没有看过，我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是我告诉她湄公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神—这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。当我告诉她我们的旅行将从5000多米的的高地出发时，她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难，而且天气会很冷时，她却说这将是一次很有趣的经历。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，就什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。

高一英语必修一课文和翻译篇5

Unit1

Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne

第一单元友谊Reading 安妮最好的

朋友你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢?安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把

日记当成了她最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的

心情吧。亲爱的基蒂：我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ??比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚?? ??令人伤心的是??我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐：我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢? Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑：我是苏州高中的一名

学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。

Unit2

the Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world, and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to you apartment. So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was base more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 500 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia to. English began to be spoken in both countries. Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.

第二单元世界上的

英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都

生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子：英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓(flat)里来看看，好吗?” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓(apartment)去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢?事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元8到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在16，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了19世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。最后，到20世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先，塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》，后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和

教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。目前在

中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗?这只能由时间来回答了。 Using Language 标准英语和方言什么是标准英语?是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗?信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。

Unit3

Journey Down the Mekong My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming. They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got time interested in cycling too. After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. Now she is planning our schedule for the trip. I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be really stubborn. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. Now I know that the proper way is always her way. I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?” I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course she hadn’t; my sister doesn’t care about details. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She gave me a determined look -- the kind that said she would not change her mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. I know my sister well. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in. Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province. Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enters wide valleys. We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm. As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.

第三单元

游记Reading 沿湄公河而下的旅程第一部分梦想与计划我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车

旅行。两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买了一辆(山地车)。去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟——在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，在其他国家(境内)叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车

旅游产生了兴趣。大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。我问我姐姐：“我们要去哪儿?”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。现在她正在为我们的旅行制定计划。我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个很严重的缺点。她有时确实很固执。尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。于是，我就知道这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我不停地问她，“我们什么时候出发?什么时候回来?”我还问她是否看过地图。当然她并没有看过——我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是，我告诉她，湄公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。我说，我们的旅行将从5, 000多米的高地出发，这时她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆。我们找到一本大型地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄公河发源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。有时，这条江形成瀑布，进入宽阔的峡谷。我们俩惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当流出中国，流出高地之后，湄公河就变宽了，变暖了，河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减缓，河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。 Using Language 夜晚的西藏山景第二部分山中一宿虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪了。我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块。你看到过雪人骑自行车吗?我们看上去就像那样。一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的

孩子们停下来看着我们。下午晚些时候，我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上了。然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，(眼前的)景色让我们感到惊奇，我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方。在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，彷佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开始下山，这非常有趣，特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多了。在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长裤脱掉，换成T恤衫和短裤。一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营，(于是)，我们先把帐篷支起来，然后吃饭。晚饭后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉了，而我却醒着。半夜里，天空变得清朗了，星星更亮了。(夜晚)非常安静——几乎没有风，只有篝火的火焰和我们做伴。当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走了多远。我们很快就要到达云南的大理。在那里，我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列。我们迫不及待地想要见到他们!

Unit4

A Night the Earth didn’t Sleep Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual the night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed of injured reached more than 400,000. But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly every thing was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.

第四单元

地震 Reading 地球的一个不眠之夜河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生：三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。世界似乎到了末日!二十世纪最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11公里处发生了。100公里以外的

北京市都感到了地震，全国1 / 3的地方都有震感。一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸气。石头山变成了泥沙河，在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。人们遭受的灾难极为深重。2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死伤的人数达到40多万。幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢?人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来。50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、电和食物都很难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员，数十万的人得到了救助。部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水。慢慢地、慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。 Reading and speaking 唐山市政府办公室亲爱的______________：恭喜你!我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的中学演讲比赛中获得第一名。评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。你的父母亲和你的学校会为你而骄傲! 下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们，并向那些曾经为幸存者提供过帮助的人们致敬。我们办公室想请你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者进行演讲。你知道，三十年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的

日子。在这个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你把家人和朋友一起带来。诚挚的张沙

Unit5

Elias’ Story My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said: “The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping out rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said: “…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.” As a matter of fact, I do not like violence… but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.

第五单元纳尔逊·曼德拉 —— 一位当代英雄 Reading 伊莱亚斯的

故事我的名字叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。我六岁开始上学，我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿找到一份

工作。然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。纳尔逊·曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来又充满了希望。我永远也忘记不了他对我的恩情，当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。” 他说的是真话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像拉尔逊·曼德拉所说的： “??我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时，??只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。” 事实上，我并不喜欢暴力，??但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。

高一学生英语零基础应该怎么学

1、预习和复习。对于高一学生来说，不管学习任何一门科目，预习和复习都是必须的。预习可以让你了解到明天英语课堂要讲什么知识，提高英语课堂听课效率。课后复习可以让你对英语课堂上讲解的重点知识加以巩固，加深自己的所学知识的记忆。

2、课堂笔记。对于高一学生来说，英语老师在课堂上讲的每一个知识点都是重点，所以要认真的记录课堂笔记。这样一来可以加深记忆，二来可以作为以后复习的资料，当然课堂笔记的记录内容，可以根据自身情况来定。

3、词汇积累。高一学生想要学好英语，首先需要掌握足够多的词汇量，只有认识了才能理解，理解好了才能应用。所以在积累词汇的同时还要注意词汇的用法，这是高一学生需要注意的，因为即使是同一个单词，在特定的环境和语句中都可能会有不同的意思。

4、听说读写。听说读写是学习英语的基本要求，自然也是高一学生学习英语的重点。任何一门语言，听的方面都是非常重要的，听力是高考英语试卷中的重要题型，但是听的作用不仅仅是完成听力题这么简单。在以后的生活中，想要和别人交流，就要先听懂别人的话。

中国人学英语最大的问题，就是哑巴英语的现象非常严重，会写会看不会读。很多高一学生认为，自己将来不会从事英语专业，所以就不重视这方面，这完全是一种错误的观念。所以每天早上起来在家大声的读几句英语吧，只要坚持就是进步。

读是高中英语的一个重要部分。阅读一直考察的是高中学生综合能力，高一学生想要提高阅读能力不是仅靠刷题就可以的。根据自身的情况每天做几道阅读题，做完后认真对照答案，仔细思考解题思路。

高中生怎么学习英语

首先，你必须要买一本词汇书，我说的就是那种小本本，一般上面会有三四千个词汇，都是高考的时候必考的那种。不要在手机上记单词，或者是借助任何的移动设备，因为你根本无法集中注意力。你可以选择利用几天直接记掉半本，我当初就是利用端午节的三天记了半本词汇书，效果惊人。如果你记了单词，一定要每天看一看，别想着偷懒，可以利用上课的时间来记，是的，你没有听错。我的意思就是让你不听老师讲课直接记单词。下面我会讲明原因。

2 我英语高考成绩139，所以还算是有发言权。如果你初中或者高一没有认真上过英语课，那么高二高三就别听课了，疯狂的记单词。你应该可以看看你的英语试卷，上面分为三个板块，一个是听力，一个是阅读，最后是你要动笔写的内容【因为除了最后的板块基本都是选择题，可以说不用动笔的】而前两个板块和你的语法知识半毛钱关系没有。别跟我说完型填空，里面真真正正考到短语和语法的只有两三个空。一般只要看得懂，做题是很轻松的。你可能觉得后面的短文填空很难，我这么和你说吧，等你上了高三就会有一种感觉，试卷不管怎么出，有几个考点是一定会出现的，比如说单复数，时态的变化，被动语态等等。因为我们是应试教育，所以出题人的范围是被卡死了的。也不用担心作文，只要在作文里使用三个高级的句型，书写好看，词数达标，你的作文分数不会下20分。高考阅卷就是这样，很残酷的标准。自从上了高二，我再也没听过英语老师的课，只是在记单词，事实证明，这是非常有效的。具体方法就是把小本本打开，挡住汉字部分，直接解释意思，不知道的就划一根横线，翻了一遍以后再翻第二遍，这一遍只需要看你划过线的单词，而这一遍的单词肯定比上一遍少了。还是记不住的单词就划第二根线，就这么一直划。我在高考临近的那段时间，书都划透了。。。

3作为一个中国人，你知道我们平常说话时的语法有多复杂吗?但是我们根本没有学习过语法的知识。学外语同样如此，语法是人为规定的解释语言现象的一种手段，但他并不是一种语言的根本所在。我要特别说明一下，如果你开始疯狂的记单词，那么就要认真，要经常的复习。上课的时间用上，下课再抽几分钟。我敢保证你的英语在高三的时候会学的非常轻松，不会占用你太多的时间去复习，可以将更多的精力投入其他的科目中。

我说语法不重要，不代表短语不重要，高频短语必须记住。

人教版高一英语必修一课文翻译A 篇6

必修一Unit1安妮最好的朋友

1.你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？

2.或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前经历的困境呢？

3.安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。

4.安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。

5.她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。

6.她和她的家人躲藏了将近25个月之后才被发现。

7.在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。

8.她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。但是我要把这本日记当作我的朋友和我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。

9.安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。

10.亲爱的基蒂：我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

11.我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。

12.比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。

13.但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。

14.还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。

15.我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。

16.漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了；这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。

17.……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前。

18.观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。

人教版高一英语必修一课文翻译A

第1页（共 7 页）必修一Unit2通向现代英语之路

1.16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语.2.几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。

3.后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。

4.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。

5.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。

6.请看以下例子：英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？”

7.美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。”

8.那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？

9.事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。

10.首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。

11.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。

12.然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。

13.这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。

14.所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。

15.一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。

16.后来，到了19世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。

17.最后，到20世纪，英语才真正定形。

18.那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先，塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》，后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。

19.现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。

人教版高一英语必修一课文翻译A

第2页（共 7 页）20.比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。

21.在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。

22.在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。

23.目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。

24.事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。

25.中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗？这只能由时间来回答了。

必修一Unit 3沿湄公河而下的旅程

1.我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。

2.两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买了一辆（山地车）。

3.去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟——在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。

4.他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，在其他国家（境内）叫湄公河。

5.很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅游产生了兴趣。

6.大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。

7.我问我姐姐：“我们要去哪儿？”

8.首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。

9.现在她正在为我们的旅行制定计划。

10.我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个很严重的缺点。她有时确实很固执。

11.尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。

12.于是，我就知道这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。

13.我不停地问她，“我们什么时候出发？什么时候回来？”我还问她是否看过地图。

14.当然她并没有看过——我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。

15.于是，我告诉她，湄公河的源头在青海省。

人教版高一英语必修一课文翻译A

第3页（共 7 页）16.她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。

17.我说，我们的旅行将从5, 000多米的高地出发，这时她似乎显得很兴奋。

18.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。

19.我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。

20.在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆。

21.我们找到一本大型地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。

22.我们从图上可以看到，湄公河发源于西藏一座山上的冰川。

23.起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。

24.它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。

25.有时，这条江形成瀑布，进入宽阔的峡谷。

26.我们俩惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。

27.当流出中国，流出高地之后，湄公河就变宽了，变暖了，河水也变成了黄褐色。

28.而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减缓，河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。

29.最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。

必修一Unit4 地球的一个不眠之夜

1.河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生：

2.三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。

3.农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。

4.农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。

5.老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。

6.在1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。

7.即使天空没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。

8.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情人教版高一英语必修一课文翻译A

第4页（共 7 页）况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。

9.在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。

10.世界似乎到了末日！

11.二十世纪最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11公里处发生了。

12.100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震，全国1 / 3的地方都有震感。

13.一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。

14.石头山变成了泥沙河，在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。

15.人们遭受的灾难极为深重。

16.2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。

17.成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。

18.死伤的人数达到40多万。

19.幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？

20.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。

21.所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。

22.残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。

23.两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。

24.铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。

25.好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来。

26.50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。

27.井里满是沙子，而不是水。

28.人们惊呆了。

29.接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。

人教版高一英语必修一课文翻译A

第5页（共 7 页）30.有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。

31.更多的房屋倒塌了。水、电和食物都很难弄到。

32.人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。

33.不是所有的希望都破灭了。

34.地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员，数十万的人得到了救助。

35.部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。

36.在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。

37.援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水。

38.慢慢地、慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。

必修一Unit 5伊莱亚斯的故事

1.我的名字叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。

2.第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。

3.（当时）我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。

4.他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。

5.他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。

6.由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。

7.我六岁开始上学，我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。

8.我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。

9.我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。

10.几经周折，我才在一家金矿找到一份工作。

11.然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。

12.糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。

13.纳尔逊·曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子。

人教版高一英语必修一课文翻译A

第6页（共 7 页）14.他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。

15.我对自己的未来又充满了希望。

16.我永远也忘记不了他对我的恩情。

17.当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。

18.他说：“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”

19.他说的是真话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。

20.他们不能做自己想要做的工作。

21.他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。

22.他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。

23.在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼。

24.事实上，就像拉尔逊·曼德拉所说的：“我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时，只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”

25.事实上，我并不喜欢暴力，但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。

26.那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。

27.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。

人教版高一英语必修一课文翻译A

必修三英语课文篇7

阅读是学生获取信息的重要途径,也是新课标要求的语言技能之一。阅读课作为培养学生阅读能力的课型,在中学英语课堂中十分常见,然而要真正上好阅读课并非易事。《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》指出,在阅读教学中要“特别强调培养学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力”(教育部2003)。而在传统的阅读课上,许多教师受困于“语言第二,应试第一”的价值取向(葛炳芳2012),往往将文本信息匆匆带过,使得阅读课成了词汇语法课。一堂课下来,学生体验不到阅读材料所体现的文本魅力(张弘2015),更无法从阅读课中提升思维能力。对于阅读课来说,文本作为阅读对象是阅读的前提和基础,处理文本的方法直接影响一堂阅读课的质量。因此,针对阅读课,笔者将着眼点重新置于文本,并结合具体课例探讨综合视野下的“四构”文本处理方式。

一、“四构”文本

“四构”分别指文本的初构(Ice-breaking)、解构(Deconstruction)、重构(Reconstruction)、创构(Creation)(葛炳芳2015)。

文本初构为输入阶段,指激活图式,是对表层信息进行初步加工;解构为输入阶段,同时可设置一些输出性活动,是在初步加工表层信息的基础上对相关信息的进一步阐释与整合。在这一阶段,教师可根据教学目标对内容、语言、思维有不同程度的侧重;重构是由输入为主的活动向输出为主活动的一个过渡、整合过程,可以是基于内容阐述观点,也可以是基于观点进行思考与评价;创构是基于输入的输出阶段,学生根据文本内容,运用所学语言进行思想表达、创写等,是内容、语言、思维三大核心要素高度综合的过程。

二、综合视野理论指导下的“四构”文本处理

英语阅读教学综合视野的理论以“为内容而读,为思维而教,为语言而学”和“体验阅读过程,感受策略运用”为核心理念,强调阅读教学要依托阅读文本展开,以内容、语言、思维为三大核心要素(葛炳芳2015)。阅读文本是基础,就阅读文本而言,综合视野下的阅读教学关注三个本质问题:(1)所选用的教学文本有何价值?(2)如何实现这些教学价值?(3)如何知道这些教学价值是否已经实现?(葛炳芳2015)对于日常课堂而言,虽然教学材料是确定的,但教师仍然可以从这些固定的教学文本中发掘教学价值,确定教学目标。

综合视野下的文本“四构”为文本处理提供了指导方向。综合视野理论对文本的“四构”处理方式为教学中的文本处理提供了切实可操作的路线。教师可以通过对本文进行初构、解构、重构实现文本的教学价值,通过创构检测教学价值是否实现。笔者将基于该理论,结合一堂教学观摩课,解读英语文本阅读教学,进一步阐述文本的“四构”。

三、案例探讨

该课例的文本为人教版高中英语必修三第五单元的阅读语篇A Trip on“The True North”。话题为travelling,是新课标要求的话题之一。学生对这一话题较感兴趣且较熟悉。全文以李黛予和刘倩乘坐火车去加拿大看望表兄妹的故事为线索展开,记叙了他们坐火车穿越加拿大一路上的见闻,介绍了加拿大的城市、人口、自然环境、生态资源等内容。基于此,笔者将结合该课例,依照整堂课读前、读中、读后三个阶段的顺序探究如何将综合视野理论下文本“四构”处理方式实践于实际教学中。

(一)读前———初构文本

读前也即导入,在该阶段如何与文本相结合进行文本初构呢?在该课例中,教师通过询问学生是否喜欢旅行,并以让学生分享自己的旅行经历的方式引入旅行的主题。接着,教师呈现了学生所熟知的关于加拿大的一些信息,让学生猜测将要学习的国家。文本初构,如前所述,是激活图式、提取并处理表层信息的输入过程。该阶段完成了文本初构中激活图式的环节,帮助学生将旧知与新知相联系,主要是对内容的激活,与此同时也可以引导学生回忆与旅行有关的概念。

综合视野强调内容、语言与思维的融合,在文本的初构阶段则以内容为主,兼顾语言与思维的激活(葛炳芳2015)。因此,在读前进行文本初构时,教师还可以通过头脑风暴、读前预测等活动激活学生的语言与思维图式。新知与旧知的衔接有助于学生对已经学过的内容进行巩固复习,有利于词汇积累(唐玉婷2014)。而在该课例中,教师采用了一项有意思的活动,即让学生根据标题与课文中的图片猜测题目中The True North指的是什么,并引导学生关注介词on,进而得出The True North指的是主人公乘坐的火车名字。可以说,该活动在引入内容的过程中激活了学生的思维。

(二)读中———初构、解构、重构相结合

在读中阶段,教师分四个步骤对文本进行处理。

首先,教师让学生快速阅读第一段,并将题目补充完整。_____had A Trip on“The True North”which is_______because they thought______.该过程要求学生在读前对题目进行理解的基础上,再次围绕题目,对第一段内容和信息进行提取并整合概括,完成对第一段文本的解构。该阶段重点关注文本内容,通过补充标题的活动引导学生运用阅读策略对第一段内容进行梳理概括,找出文章的人物、事件和起因。

接着,教师让学生阅读第二段,并找出Danny对于此次旅行的介绍,从而预测他们会在接下来的旅途中看到什么,即提取表层信息,激活图式,激发学生的阅读兴趣,进行文本初构。图式激活能够帮助学生为下一次的信息处理提供框架(郑晶2015),有助于提高阅读效果。

再接着,教师顺着Danny的话让学生找出文中提到的加拿大的城市名字,根据旅程的顺序填入工作单(如图1)中。该过程仍为提取表层信息,即初构文本的过程。在找出城市名称后,教师紧接着让学生阅读全文找出这些城市的信息,以笔记的形式填入工作单(如图1)中。该任务需要学生对信息进行整合,是以内容为核心指向的文本解构过程。

最后,教师让学生找出文中所述的沿途风景,然后引导学生思考使用catch sight of与使用see所传达的情感的不同,进而带领学生感受作者见到这些野生动物时的兴奋之情。该过程从提取表层信息到对信息内容进行阐释,是对文本进行初构到以语言为核心指向的文本解构的过程,有助于培养学生对语言的敏感性。除此之外,教师还引导学生发现两位主人公在见到沿途风景时的其他情感,并让学生基于对文本的理解,阐释主人公为何会产生这样的情感体验。这一过程是以思维为核心指向的文本重构处理。

从整个过程来看,教师运用文本初构、解构与重构相结合、螺旋前进的方式处理文本,主要通过问题链的方式对全文进行衔接处理。从该课例也可以发现,在处理文本的过程中,针对不同的信息点,教师可以反复利用从初构到解构,再到重构的过程,帮助学生从表层理解过渡到深入理解(如图2)。教师在引导学生对文本进行解构时,可以通过设计思维导图、问题链、教学留白等方法帮助学生实现这一过程(钱剑英、徐钰,等2015)。

(三)读后———创构文本

文本创构是基于输入进行输出即表达的阶段(葛炳芳2015)。在读后环节,教师引导学生回到题目,思考为什么这辆火车的名字要加上TRUE。该过程需要学生基于文本内容,并根据自己对文本的理解与解读,进行思想表达,这是在文本学习后进行的输出过程,也是对文本的“创构”处理。在这一阶段,教师通过学生的输出检测文本教学价值的实现与否。该活动的设置使内容、思维、语言达到了较大程度的融合,引导学生着眼于TRUE一词,从语言出发,回归文本内容,剖析作者观点,达到思维训练的目的,同时又借助语言表达思想,体现了英语阅读教学的综合视野。

结束语

综合视野下的“四构”文本处理方式为阅读文本的处理提供了方向,且具有可操作性。经课例分析后发现,在文本的处理过程中,文本的“四构”并非必然呈现简单的直线推进关系。教师在引导学生理解文本的过程中,可针对不同的信息点,分别进行文本初构、解构与重构,以帮助学生由浅入深地理解文本,并保证足够的输入,为输出做好铺垫。而通过观察学生在创构阶段的输出效果,教师可以检测到文本价值的实现与否,从而进行教学反思,提升教学质量。

参考文献

葛炳芳.2012.高中英语阅读教学改进策略的思考[J].课程·教材·教法,(2):94-98.

葛炳芳.2015.英语阅读教学的综合视野:理论与实践[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.

教育部.2003.普通高中英语课程标准(实验)[S].北京:人民教育出版社.

钱剑英,徐钰,等.2015.英语阅读教学中的信息加工:提取与整合[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.

唐玉婷.2014.高中英语阅读教学中文本解读的缺失与对策[J].中学生英语,(2):7-8.

张弘.2015.例析英语阅读教学中文本信息的理解、加工与提升[J].英语教师,(4):44-50.

必修三英语课文篇8

根据句意和首字母提示,写出句中所缺单词的完全形式。

1. He doesn’t like to be v______, instead, he prefers to solve the problem in peace.

2. On cold winter days, there will be ice onthe s_______of the water.

3. As is known to all, smoking is h_______to our health.

4. The reason why we have to fall to thegr- ound is that there is g_______.

5. The river is so polluted that every day we can see a lot of things f_______on thewater.

6. In the last five years the city has s_______ out rapidly in all directions.

7. That he failed the college entrance exami- nation d_______his parents very much.

8. The robber kicked the door v_______and broke into the old man’s house.

9. Nothing can separate the two, because they have a s_______friendship foundation.

10. With the d_______of our country’s econ-omy, people’s living standard has beengreatly raised.

二、单项填空

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. There is a warm _______in the party, and everyone seems to be in high spirits.

A. conditionB. position

C. atmosphereD. situation

2. That kind of customs still_______in manyparts of China, which is not a surprise.

A. appears B. exists

C. lives D. lies

3. The woman’s illness_______the doctor;he couldn’t find the cause.

A. surprised B. interested

C. puzzled D. solved

4. She is _______her mother; she is tall whileher mother is very short.

A. unlike B. against

C. beyond D. within

5. The food is harmful_______the customers,so it should get off the shelves.

A. for B. with C. of D. to

6. These_______men were put in prison forattacking Mr. Smith and giving him a goodbeating.

A. gentleB. violent

C. helpful D. generous

7. He forgot to turn on the radio and _______missed the programme.

A. even B. anyway

C. thus D. instead

8. — I’m afraid I can’t pass the final maths examination.

— _______. Things won’t be as bad as

you think.

A. Turn up B. Cheer up

C. Make up D. Hurry up

9. Tom told us a funny story and Mary sang us a folk song. ______, I told them a joke.

A. In turn B. By turns

C. In my turn D. Out of turn

10. The car came to a stop just _______ to prevent an accident.

A. at timesB. on time

C. in no timeD. in time

三、同步语法

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. _______matters most in learning English is enough practice.

A. What B. WhyC. Where D. Which

2. _______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.

A. ThatB. WhichC. What D. As

3. _______ is our belief that improvements inhealth care will lead to a stronger, moreprosperous economy.

A. AsB. ThatC. This D. It

四、单元话题阅读

In 1901, H. G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers (探险者) landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’ t even use your inner space?”

H. G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.

Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel”, a tunnel (隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.

But what about underground cities? Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called “Alice Cities.” The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome (太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city.

Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H. G. Wells’ “moon people” would agree. Would you?

1. The explorers in H. G. Wells’ story weresurprised to find that the “moon people”_______.

A. knew so much about the earth

B. understood their language

C. lived in so many underground cities

D. were ahead of them in space technology

2. What does the underlined word “it” (para-graph 2) refer to?

A. Discovering the moon’ s inner space.

B. Using the earth’s inner space.

C. Meeting the “moon people” again.

D. Traveling to outer space.

3. What sort of underground systems are al- ready here with us?

A. Offices, shopping areas, power stations.