德育第二版第一册教案(精选5篇)
Section A: College life in the Internet age 1.Teaching Objectives: To talk about digital education To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill 2.Time Allotment: Section A(3 periods): 1st---2nd period: Pre-reading activities(theme-related questions for warming up;)While-reading activities(cultural notes;useful words and expressions;
difficult sentences)rd3period: While-reading activities(text structure;main ideas)Post-reading activities(comprehension questions;exercises)4th periods: Practice of the reading skill(reading for the key idea in a sentence);T checks on Ss’ home reading by asking questions based on the passage.T explains some difficult sentences Section B(1period):
3.Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Look at 3 pictures and answer the questions based on these pictures.1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each way of teaching and learning? 2.Which way do you prefer? Give your reasons.3.Do you think the Internet is indispensable in teaching and learning nowadays? Why or why not? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 4 parts.Part1(para.1)Introduction Part 2(para.2-6)How the transformation influences student’s campus life Part 3(Para.7-11)How the transformation influences college Part 4(Para.12)Conclusion Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:
Purpose: Train the Students’ ability of understanding and using foreign language.Method: Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.1.(Para.2)access享用权;享用机会
Access to up-to-date information is essential to our research.利用最新信息对我们的研究至关重要。
2.(Para.2)instant-message: v.exchange written messages over the Internet with people what you know 发送即时消息
She doesn’t like instant-messaging.When she has something to say, she will make a phone call.他不喜欢发即时消息。有话要说时,她就打电话。
3.(Para.3)accessible: a.easy to obtain or use 易得到的;易使用的
He has made some attempts to make opera accessible to a wider public.他做了一些尝试,想让歌剧能有更多的受众。
4.(Para.5)add to sth.: make a feeling or quality stronger and more noticeable 增加;增添
Her rejection of our request has added to the uncertainty of the situation.她拒绝了我们的要求,这使得形势更加不确定。
5.(Para.6)indispensable: a.difficult or impossible to exist or do sth.without 不可缺少的;必不可少的
Good dictionaries are indispensable in English learning.对英语学习来说,好词典是必不可少的。
6.(Para.6)visit with sb.: talk socially with sb.叙谈;闲谈 He is so busy that he hardly has time to visit with his friends.他忙得几乎没时间和朋友聊天。7.(Para.7)take the lead树立榜样,带头
The chairman always takes the lead in everything and is deeply trusted by the masses.主席做事总是一马当先,深受广大群众信任。8.(Para.7)account for解释,说明,引起
Many countries are trying to find out what accounts for the disappearance of MH370 airplane.很多国家都在尽力弄清楚MH370失踪的原因。
9.(Para.7)bank balance: n.[C] the amount of money sb.has in their bank account 账户余额;银行存款余额
I check my bank balance about once a month.我大约每个月查一下我的账户余额。10.(Para.8)inferior差的,次的
It is stupid to think that women are inferior in intelligence to men.认为女性的智力低于男性的想法是愚蠢的。11.(Para.9)focus on(把„„)集中(于)
Millions of people focus their attention on commodities which are good in quality and low in price.优质价廉的商品令万众瞩目。
12.(Para.9)wired: a.connected to, and able to use the Internet(指计算机系统)联网的,连线的
Many colleges now have high-tech libraries and wired dormitories.许多大学现在都有高科技图书馆和联网的宿舍。
13.(Para.9)keep up with.①跟上;保持同步;②和(朋友)保持联系 Young people now have more and more means to keep up with their friends.现在的年轻人可以通过更多的方式和朋友们保持联系。14.(Para.10)stand out①出色;②显眼;突出
Her long, blonde hair and bright pink dress made her stand out in the crowd.她那长长的金发和鲜亮的粉色裙子使她在人群中显得很突出。15.replace with用„„替换, 以„„接替
Many people believe that it will be a matter of time before they completely replace cash with credit cards.很多人相信信用卡替代现金只是个时间问题。
16.(Para.12)in large part: mostly, or in most places 多半;在很大程度上;大多数地方 The state is becoming stronger, thanks in large part to the emergency measures taken to guard against economic collapse.这个国家正在变得日益强大,这主要归功于采取了预防经济崩溃的紧急措施。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.In her dorm, she instant-messages her roommate sitting just a few feet away.(Para.2)Meaning: In her dorm room, she even sends instant messages to her roommate, who is sitting only a few feet away from her.2.“ I always feel like I have a means of communication-in class and out of class,” says engineering major.(Para.4)Meaning: “I always have the feeling that I have a way to communicate with others, whether in class or out of class,” says a student majoring in engineering.3.“It’s adding to students’ sense of excitement about the subject.”(Para.5)Meaning: “It makes students feel more excited about the subject.”
4.Professors have been encouraged to tape their lectures and post them online.(Para.5)Meaning: Professors have been encouraged to record their lectures and put them online.5.More than just toys, thes instruments are powerful tools for the storage and management of virtually every kind of information.(Para.6)Meaning: These instruments are not just toys.They are powerful tools to store and deal with almost any kind of information.6.In the past few years, schools have taken the lead by turning their campuses into bubbles of Wi-Fi networks.(Para.7)Meaning: In the past few years, school have been the first to transform their campuses into places connected with Wi-Fi networks.7.Other colleges are straining to stand out from their peers(Para.10)
Meaning: Other colleges are trying very hard to do better than their fellow colleges.8.For those who prefer to travel laptop-free, colleges supply several computer labs.(Para.11)Meaning: For those students who do not like to take a laptop with them, colleges provide several computer labs for them.9.The anywhere-anytime access has already yielded amazing benefits in education.(Para.12)Meaning: The fact that the Internet is available anywhere and anytime on campus has produced surprising benefits in education.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text(Train further reading ability)to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns:
1.The college campus, long a place of scholarship and frontiers of new technology, is being transformed into a new age of electronics by a fleet of laptops, smartphones and connectivity 24 hours a day.大学校园长久以来都是学术之地,也是新技术的前沿。现在随着手提电脑和智能手机的大量出现,加上每天24小时不间断的网络连接,大学校园正在转而进入电子设备的新时代。sth., long a … of …, is being transformed into …, and …用于形容“某物的变化”。
应用: 太空长久以来都是一个充满神秘色彩的地域,现在随着尖端技术和先进材料的大量出现,加上专业的宇航员,太空已经正在转为人类探索活动的战场。
The space, long a place of mystery, is being transformed into a battlefield of human exploration by a fleet of top technology, advanced material and professional astronauts.2.In fact, a recent study in the US found that information technology accounted for 5% to 8% of college budgets, up from an estimated 2% to 3% in the mid-1980s.事实上,美国最近的一项研究发现,信息技术的投入占高校预算的5%-8%,比20世纪80年代中期约2%-3%的投入有所增加。
A recent study/ research/ experiment found/ discovered/ indicated that … 用于表达“某些研究、实验等所发现的结果”。
应用:最近的一项研究发现,与动物进行积极的互动能降低一个人的血压。
A recent research discovered that interacting with animals in an active way may lower a person’s blood pressure.3.With the widespread application of laptops and computer science, we are going to produce a generation of problem-solvers and intelligent thinkers, which is indispensable for the future of the world.随着计算机技术的广泛应用,我们将培养出善于解决问题和善于思考的一代人,这对于世界的未来是至关重要的。
With the widespread application of …/With the fast/rapid development of …用于表达“某事或某物的发展或应用”。
二、教学目的及要求:
1、让学生理解治安管理和维护公共秩序的关系,了解违反治安管理的行为及其处罚,提高遵守治安管理规定的自觉性;
2、理解犯罪和违法的本质区别,了解刑事责任年龄和刑事责任能力的概念、刑罚的主要形式、青少年犯罪的主要特点,掌握预防犯罪的方法。
三、教学重点和难点:
1、违反治安管理的行为有哪些(解决办法:讲清违反治安管理的主要行为,尤其是青少年学生常犯的不法行为,并说明每种违法行为的处罚方式);
2、关于未成年人犯罪的预防(解决办法:先介绍我国刑法的基本知识,强调犯罪及其刑罚内容、刑法对刑事责任年龄和责任能力的规定,然后分析未成年人犯罪的特点,再介绍预防犯罪的方法)。
四、教具、学具:教材,多媒体工具
五、教学方法及手段:通过大量新闻报道、传记故事、统计数据,结合教材内容,引导学生对德育课产生学习兴趣。
六、教学进程安排:(含板书设计)
1、课程引入
先让同学们阅读本节开头的小案例,要求学生思考并回答:你认为案例中的团伙成员违法犯罪的原因是什么?你自己或者周围有没有这种现象,根本原因又是什么?
2、新课讲解
一、预防违反治安管理的行为
1、公共秩序与治安管理。在介绍治安管理时要强调这是行政管理的一个方面,重点介绍治安管理的内容,列举身边事例和新闻报道加以说明。讲解治安管理的主要任务时要全面介绍其保护作用、预防作用和处罚作用。
组织学生阅读课本第118页的媒体聚焦、第120页的资料卡片,补充参考书第229页的相关资料(1)、第253页《治安管理的范围》。
2、违反治安管理的行为。这部分是重点内容,需要讲清违反治安管理的主要行为,并说明每种违法行为的处罚方式。
要注意把握几点:一是联系青少年学生易出现的问题来讲;二是重点突出侵犯人身权利和财产权利的行为;三是对一些严重妨害社会管理的行为也应重点讲解。
补充参考书第230-235页的相关资料(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)。
二、预防误入犯罪歧途
1、犯罪及刑罚。本部分内容要说清三个问题:什么是犯罪行为,对犯罪行为的处罚方式,刑事责任年龄和刑事责任能力。
介绍犯罪行为的含义和特点,并组织学生比较犯罪行为和一般违法行为、违反治安管理行为之间的区别。补充参考书第236页的相关资料(8)。组织学生阅读课本第128页的资料卡片、第129页的案例链接,补充参考书第238页的相关资料(9)、第271页的课后资料,突出刑罚的严重性。
利用具体案例重点讲解刑事责任年龄和刑事责任能力,联系学生实际情况,分析他们现在和成年后的刑事责任能力,引起学生关注。让学生阅读课本第129页的资料卡片。
2、未成年人犯罪的特点。通过讲述未成年人犯罪的具体案例,结合校园内和学生们身边的事例,分析其中的原因,结合刑事责任年龄的规定,说明未成年人违法犯罪的特点:犯罪动机的偶发性、模仿性强;暴力侵害、偷盗抢劫等案件居多;团伙犯罪较多,社会危害增大。
3、预防犯罪从自身做起。首先分析未成年人犯罪的自身原因,组织学生阅读课本第133页的案例链接,然后进行归纳总结,提出预防犯罪的办法:树立牢固的法制观念,自觉控制不良心理的影响,自动预防不良行为的发生。
让学生阅读课本第134页的活动天地和资料卡片,补充参考书第242-243页的相关资料(15)、(16)、(17)。
3、总结
治安管理的主要任务就是维护社会秩序和公共安全,惩治违反治安管理的行为,预防灾害事故和违法犯罪。违反治安管理的行为主要有扰乱公共秩序、妨害公共安全、侵犯人身和财产权利、妨害社会管理,任何违反治安管理的行为都将受到法律严惩。
犯罪是一种严重危害社会的、依法将受到刑罚惩罚的行为。未成年人违法犯罪被社会普遍关注,无论什么原因引发,都会给社会、他人、自己造成巨大危害,让社会谴责、家长痛心、自己悔恨。预防青少年犯罪应从自身做起,要树立牢固的法制观念,自觉控制不良心理的影响,自动预防不良行为的发生,培养正确的价值观、世界观和人生观。
4、作业布置
《德育习题册》第四课第二节
埃伦·古德曼讲了一个想做地道公司人而劳累致死的人的故事,与此同时,她还揭示了一味痴迷工作背后会潜藏的种种危机,包括对家庭生活造成的伤害。
公司人
埃伦·古德曼
他终于在星期天凌晨三点整因过度劳累而离开人世。
当然,讣告上没有提及这一点。讣告说他死于冠状动脉血栓形成——我认为这就是死因——但是,他所有的朋友和熟人都马上明白是怎么回事。他们议论道,他是十足的A型行为者,一个工作狂,一个典型的工作狂,他们边说边摇头,他们还花了五到十分钟的时间想了想自己的生活方式。
这位最终于星期天——他的休息日——凌晨三点整累死的人是位公司副总裁,时年五十一岁。不过他是六位副总裁之一,如果总裁去世够早或退休够早的话,他本是有望当第一把手的三位人选之一。菲尔清楚这一点。
他一周工作六天,其中五天要工作到晚上八、九点钟。而公司员工除领导层外已经开始实行每周四天工作制了。他像重要人物一样工作。他在外面没有“本职以外的爱好”,当然,除非你认为每月一次的打高尔夫球也算的话。但是,对于菲尔来说,这也是工作。他总是在办公桌旁吃鸡蛋沙拉三明治,自然啦,他超重了,超出二十或二十五磅。不过他认为没关系,因为他不抽烟。
每周六菲尔身着运动夹克衫去上班。不穿西装,因为这是周末。
他手下有不少人,约六十名。大部分人多半时间都喜欢他。其中三人被认真考虑当作接他班的人选。讣告上没有提及这点。
但是讣告上的确颇为准确地列出了他的“遗嘱”,他的遗孀海伦,四十八岁,一个好女人,但没有什么适合市场需求的技能,结婚生育之前曾在办公室工作。据她女儿说,多年前,孩子们还小的时候,她就决定放弃与丈夫的工作竞争了。一位公司朋友说:“我知道你将会多么思念他。”她回答道:“我早就思念他了。”
“这么多年来一直思念着他”,她一定是牺牲了自己,竭尽全力照顾此公。她会得到“很好照顾的”。
他“深爱的”子女中的“深爱的”大儿子是南方的一家制造公司的经理,工作十分努力。在葬礼前一天半,他走访了街坊邻里,向他们打听父亲是怎样的一个人,他们感到很尴尬。
他的第二个孩子是个女儿,二十四岁,刚结婚。她住在娘家附近,与母亲很亲近。但每次和父亲单独在一起,比如开车到什么地方时,彼此竟无话可说。
最小的孩子二十岁,是个男孩,高中毕业生。和他的许多朋友一样,在过去的几年里他打了不少零工,挣的钱足够供自己吃饭吸大麻。就是他努力想牢牢抓住父亲,努力想让自己在父亲心目中显得更重要,好让此公留在家里。他是父亲的最爱。在这两年来,菲尔往往彻夜不眠,为这个儿子担忧。
这个儿子曾经说过:“我和父亲只是寄宿在这儿。”
在葬礼上,六十岁的公司总裁对四十八岁的寡妇说,五十一岁的死者对公司来说举足轻重,会被人怀念,很难被人取代。寡妇没有正视他,她怕他会看出自己的怨恨,毕竟她还需要他来解决一些经济方面的问题——比如优先认股权之类的事情。
菲尔体重超常,又有神经质,工作过于辛劳。即使人不呆在办公室里,心还是要牵挂着。菲尔是个A型行为者,天生容易患心脏病。你能在一排人中立马认出他。
因此,他在星期天凌晨三点整最终劳累致死时,没有人真正感到意外。
Vocabulary III.1.immune 2.acquire 3.constitutes 4.define 5.infected, infect 6.illustrates 7.emerge 8.emphasize 9.represents 10.threatened IV.1.regardless of 2.at risk 3.handing out 4.distracts„from 5.sign up for 6.be infected with 7.guard against 8.feel comfortable with/about 9.in place of 10.suffering from V.1.L 2.G 3.I 4.J 5.M 6.D 7.O 8.A 9.C 10.F Structure VI.1.the way he teaches English 2.whom I was expecting to stay with 3.which was lost in the department store yesterday 4.where Mary and I spent our childhood 5.which the whole family considered a great honor VII.1.Despite his illness 2.Despite a lot of difficulties 3.despite his old age 4.despite the bad weather 5.despite his hard work Translation VIII.1.I hope that the effort that we’ve made will be of some use to the battle against AIDS.2.Despite all the efforts form the local organizations in the battle against AIDS, the number of people in rural has been increasing.3.Please turn off the TV, because the noise will distract her from her homework.4.It was a long time before the company implemented the program to improve the quality of its goods because of laequipment.5.You’d better learn something about the course before signing up for it.6.The policy is playing a more and more important role in promoting the development of local economy.IX.1.病人的免疫系统会将新移植的心脏当成异物面排斥。
2.有人说我们许多人饮食太糟,缺乏维他命和矿物质,因而我们的身心都受到损害。3.生物医学研究将会使很多艾滋病病毒感染者延长寿命,生活少些痛苦。
4.中央政府已经发布了一项五年行动计划,旨在鼓励社会各部门都参与艾滋病的防治。5.一个人感染了艾滋病毒,其症状一般要6到10年后才会表现出来。
6.许多年来,人们眼睁睁看着艾滋病泛滥成灾,争论着有效的艾滋病防治措施在贫穷国家究竟是否适用。Cloze X.1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.C Structured Writing XII.Build more tall apartment buildings.The increase in population in cities is creating a housing problem.To solvmake use of the space in the air.This will help solve the housing problem in cities.Section B Reading Skills I.1.1)I hurt myself when diving 2)I hit my head on the board 2.1)I was very worried about something serious.2)I was very worried that my wound had left blood in the pool.3.1)There was something more significant that winning.2)I was very worried that I might infect other divers with AIDS as I spilled my blood in the pool.Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.D Vocabulary III.1.assist 2.bleeding 3.competing 4.confident 5.explored 6.commenced houses and older ones are being pulled down to make room for tall apartment buildings.When building space on the 7.intense 8.adopted 9.spill 10.confused IV.1.Prior of →Prior to 2.confident with →confident of/in 3.by haste →in haste 4.find about→ find out 5.ashis wife with 6.with fear→for fear 7.competed with each other with → competed with each other for 8.thrust hknife into 9.have a shot in → have a shot at 10.starts at → starts with
英语(第二版)第1册Unit 6答案
registered 3.employment 4.peculiar 5.Continuous 6.graduated 7.dump 8.retreat 9.contrary 10.3.behind 4.about 5.At 6.about/of 7.with 8.by 9.on/upon 10.at M 3.J 4.G 5.A 6.D 7.O 8.L 9.I 10.C
ho he is.So does she.come to realize all work is equally import.So has Sara.e another drink.So would John.supposed to know who else objects to the plan.Nor/Neither are they.dn’t have imagined there would be joy in picking up trash.Nor/Neither should Steve.the calculation is right they raise the price she may not return me the money she doesn’t come
we achieve great success in our work ce got to the station five minutes after the explosion, and so did the reporters.you disagree with her, she is worth listening to.reporters were given nothing but bare facts by the officials in charge of the investigation.was well decorated, but the color of the curtain did not go well with the overall style.we go back to the place where my husband was born, we always make the rounds of his relatives.to his hope, his girlfriend’s parents are not as approachable as his parents.几个服务员,可他们什么也没说,只朝着我笑,直到这时我才意识到我的英语不够好。位院长非常生气,进而解除了他的院长职务。
着孩子的面问这个问题,即使他想说“是”也可能会说“不是”。毕业时获得学位,你要么别玩网上游戏,要么别去打零工。接受过大学教育,他却瞧不起那些没有大学学历的人。司的管理问题提了好几个建议,但没有一个管用。
B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 18.C19.B 20.A to Beijing for different purposes.Thousands upon thousands of foreign students are studying different su Every year a large number of foreign businessmen from all pats of the world visit Beijing, for various konal conferences.In addition travelers both at home and abroad come to Beijing for visiting places of hiays or visiting their friends and relatives in rt of his time on to support himself with drugs and food heir accounts with the company/and money owed to them and worried who is likely to suffer a heart attack 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.B 2.bear 3.accurate 4.manufacturing 5.inquiry 6.afford 7.admired 8.replacing 9.retired 10.ignop 3.out 4.around 5.up 6.to 7.to 8.for 9.of 10.to _EBOOK_2005>4
墙重新粉刷了后,这房间好看多了。
家的许多地方,青少年犯罪已经失去了控制,这个城市也不例外。
生后的几周,他不敢出门,害怕自己再次与劫匪面对面遭遇。
警察描述她是怎样突然遭到一个从灌木丛中出来的人抢劫的。
许多美国人来说,周末工作已经不幸地成为了惯例,而不是例外。
(一)知识教学点
1.理解课文善用丰富的想象、对偶、比喻、排比、夸张等修辞方法的特点,并明确它们对突出主题思想的作用。
2.掌握“
一、爱、取、族”等实词的用法,培养朗读、背诵的能力。
(二)能力训练点
学习本文善于从多种角度,具体、生动、细致地描写艺术形象,并在此基础上议论的写作特色。
(三)德育渗透点
通过作者对秦亡原因的阐释,了解本文作者借古讽今、讽时刺世的写作目的,认识封建统治者骄奢淫逸、横征暴敛、不顾人民死活、必然导致覆亡的道理。
第一课时
一、导入
“以史为鉴,可以知兴衰”,总结历史的兴亡教训可以补察当今为政的得失。在这种思想的指导下,贾谊写了《过秦论》,其中心论点是:“仁义不施而攻守之势异也。”针对汉初的情况,主张施行仁政。同样是总结秦亡的教训,针对唐敬宗继位后,广造宫室,天怒人怨的现实,杜牧作《阿房宫赋》以讽时刺世,那么,在这篇赋中,杜牧又提出了怎样的观点呢?让我们通过学习来体会。
二、整体感知
1.教师范读、正音。
2.学生大声地自读。
3.在预习的基础上,让学生课上对照注解疏通全文,将疑点划出,以备质疑、释疑。
4,完成课后练习第一题,从总体上把握全文。
三、学习第一段
1.提问课后练习第一题答案,从总体上把握全文。
2.找一学生读第一段。
3.学生齐读。
4.学生质疑、教师指导、明确重点掌握的词。
(1)需要掌握的重点实词:
六王毕:完了、结束
北构而西折:动词,架木做屋
不霁何虹 雨止初晴
(2)特殊用法
四海一 “一”数→动 统一
骊山北构而西折 “北”、“西” 名→状 向北、向西 “骊山” 名→状 从骊山
未云何龙 “云” 名→动 出现云彩 “龙” 名→动 出现龙
未霁何虹 “虹”名→动 出现虹
歌台暖响 “响”动→名 歌声
5.段意理解。
本断可分四层:
第一层:开首十二字,交代时代背景,点出地理环境。“兀” “出”虽是粗笔勾勒,但已显爱憎,揭示了秦始皇统一后骄纵享乐,几十万劳动者的辛劳与血泪才换得阿房宫“出”。
第二层:总写阿房宫的宏伟规模。“覆压……流入宫墙。”夸张手法,“覆压”言其广,“隔 离”言其高。骊山,起伏不断;二川,滔滔不绝,这两句将宫殿趋向、座落地势、规模之大形象鲜明地描绘出来。
第三层:“五步……不知西东。”以大量的对偶、排比等骈句,极力描绘、渲染了阿房宫内楼台殿阁的宏伟、豪华,桥梁复道的奇丽、壮观。“五步” “十步”,写出楼阁之密;廊腰飞檐,指出宫室之美。廊腰缦回突出曲线美;钩心斗角突出结构美。“盘盘焉、囷囷焉”,是概括各式各样楼阁的形状,像蜂房那样邃密,如漩涡那样纡回。“矗不知其几千万落”,掷笔长叹,言非笔墨所能尽言。
第四层:本段最后部分。
从行文上看,这部分带过渡性质,从建筑写到宫殿中人物的活动,“歌台暖响”等四句既写宫中歌舞之盛,也写出这欢歌狂舞背后隐藏着宫人的无限悲戚。“—日之内,一宫之间,而气候不齐”,重在写人之感受,亲疏各别,冷暖不均。
6.小结“赋”的特点。
刘勰在《文心雕龙》中说赋的特点是“铺采摘文,体物写志”。作者围绕一个事物,就某一客观对象反复描写,多方渲染,极尽铺陈之能事,以达曲传其义,情尽意足之效果。本文的第三段就体现了上述特点。
7.学生反复读,尝试背诵。
四、布置作业
背诵第一段,预习下几段。
第二课时
一、研读第二段
1.学生读。
2.学生就字词质疑,教师指点,明确重点、难点。
(1)补充注释。
a.绿云扰扰:“绿云”,浓墨有光彩的云,此处形容女子的头发黑密;“扰扰”,纷乱蓬松的样子。
b.“燕赵之收藏,韩魏之经营,齐楚之精英。”
这里用“互文”修辞格:本应合在一块儿说的词,因对偶、押韵或字数的限制,临时拆开来使用,理解时又应合在一块儿。可译为“燕、赵、齐、楚、韩、魏六国之统治者有无数的金玉珍宝。”
(2)重点掌握的词。
a.杳不知其所之也 “杳”,深远;“之”,动词,去。
b.尽态极妍 “妍”,美丽。
c.缦立 “缦”通“曼”,久。
d.“逦迤” 连绵词,接连不断的样子。
(3)特殊用法。
a.辇采于秦 “辇”,名→状,乘辇。
b.燕赵之收藏,韩魏之经营,齐楚之精英……
“收藏”“经营”,动→名,收藏的金玉珍宝,经营的金玉珍宝。
c.鼎铛玉石,金块珠砾: “鼎”“玉”“金”“珠”,名→状 “铛”“石”“块”“砾”,名→动
(4)段意理解。
a.过渡:在第—段中,作者从背景、外貌、内景等方面极力铺陈,阿房宫的形象已矗立于眼前,富丽堂皇。在本段中,由宫殿的描绘,自然过渡到对宫人、宫藏的描绘。
b.写宫人:“妃嫔媵嫱……三十六年。”
分别从宫人的来源、宫人的生活、宫人的命运几方面进行描写。明星、绿云、渭流、腻烟、雾、雷霆等具体形象的描绘,比喻精彩,想象奇特,又经过了艺术的夸张,极写宫女之多,妃嫔彩娥,济济各殿,也见出秦皇的骄奢淫逸,糜烂不堪。而她们“尽态极妍”的目的是可是却“有不得见者三十六年”!“望幸”与“不得见”,充满了对孤寂痛苦的宫女的同“望幸”,情,更有对暴君的揭露。
c.写宫藏:本段余下的部分。
“收藏”“经营”“精英”及“剽掠”这些词写出秦人掠夺之甚。“鼎铛玉石,金块珠砾”八个字有四组对比,六国的珠宝尽入秦宫,但在宫中却视若土石,任意抛洒,有奢侈之心,无爱惜之意,批判锋芒渐露“亦不甚惜”,我们仿佛已听到作者的斥责和愤慨的声音了。
二、研读第三段
学生读、背第三段
1.学生质疑,教师点拨,明确重点。
(1)补充注释
a.纷奢:繁华奢侈 b.直栏横槛 槛:栏杆
(2)重点实词
a.函谷举 举:被攻取
b.可怜焦土 可怜:可惜
2.段意理解
这一段由上文的描写转入议论。
(1)第一层:“嗟乎”至“用之如泥沙。”
以常理和反问斥秦统治者只顾个人享受,不顾百姓死活、横征暴敛、挥霍无度的罪行。
(2)第二层:“使负栋之柱”至“不敢言而敢怒。”
摆出秦皇罪证,六个排比分句,运用比喻、夸张,紧扣阿房宫,进行强烈的对照描写,绘出秦始皇“劳民伤财”的怵目惊心的图画。接下去顺势写出人民“不敢言而敢怒”的局面。民怨积深,“不在沉默中爆发,就在沉默中灭亡。”农民起义的爆发是必然的。
(3)第三层:这部分用14个字高度概括了秦亡的过程,民众的反抗从“怒”到“叫” “举”“炬”,三个动词,短促相连,生动地表现了农民起义风起云涌、摧枯拉朽之势,火山爆发之烈,迅猛异常,不可压抑。“可怜焦土”与上面的壮丽描绘形成鲜明对比,显得收束有力,概括了秦的速亡。
三、研读第四段
1.学生齐读。
2.理解内容。
历史的回顾,有着现实的用心。最后的作者议论,给唐王朝不啻浇了一瓢钻心透骨的冰水。文章突出一个“鉴”字,企冀唐统治者以秦为镜,回心转意,更弦易辙。
3.学生反复读、背第3、4两段。
四、布置作业
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