冀教版八上数学教案

冀教版八上数学教案（推荐6篇）

冀教版八上数学教案 篇1

编写人

王志敏

《苏州赋》学教案

学习目标：

1、适当介绍 “文化大革命”的背景，使学生对十年浩劫的情况有所了解。

2、反复朗读课文，体会作者的思想感情。

3、感受文章语言特色、修辞手法的使用。学习重难点：体会作者的思想感情 课时安排：1课时 学习过程：

一、预习导航

1、给下列加点字注音 雷霆万钧 老趼 强颜 拙政园 时髦 佳肴美点 惊涛骇浪 ．．．．．．．把你认为还需要提醒同学们注意的字词整理下来：

2、知识储备

“赋”是什么意思呢？它有两种解释，一是我国古代的一种文体，盛行于汉魏六朝。是韵文和散文的综合体，通常用来写景叙事，也有以较短的篇幅抒情说理的；二是从《诗经》中概括出的赋、比、兴三种写法之一，是陈述铺陈的意思。同学在读课文时注意理解它在这里的意思。

苏州在江苏的南部，是一座历史名城，以园林著称，据说圆明园就是从这里的园林设计中精选建成的。、文化大革命：由毛泽东错误发动和领导，被林彪、江青两个反革命集团利用，给党、国家和各族人民带来严重灾难的内乱。时间是1966-1976整整十年。苏州在此期间遭到毁坏。

4、请你找几幅苏州的风景图

5、请你熟读课文理清线索

本文是按照（引出）苏州------（介绍）苏州------对苏州的（礼赞）这样的顺序来写的，试着划分好文章的结构。本文不同于一般的游记写景散文，重点不在描写上，而在（议论和抒发感情）上。

二、交流研讨

（一）导入：（1分钟）

民间早就有“上有天堂，下有苏杭”的说法。能和天堂对举的人间城市苏州有着怎样的魅力呢？作家王蒙把我们带到了经历十年浩劫之后重又焕发青春光彩的苏州。现在我们来学习这篇课文。

（二）检查交流预习导学（4分钟）

字词由小组间互相检查或教师挑重点检查；

2、3部分可先找同学读一读，然后由课下搜集资料的小组进行补充；

4、5由各小组展示交流。）

（三）朗读（10分钟）八年级语文学教案上册第二单元

编写人

王志敏

可以每小组选派一名朗读不错的同学进行接力朗读，朗读前教师从语速、语调、重读、感情、抑扬顿挫等方面加以指导，朗读后师生进行点评。）

（四）研讨重点，理解课文（20分钟）

1、默读课文1---3段看文章是通过写什么引出苏州的？突出苏州什么特点？写法上有什么独特之处？

（苏州以园林著称，园林是苏州的特色，通过写园林引出苏州。突出苏州园林的多和景观丰富。写法上连用九个是字，通过排比修辞，以及精确凝练的语言，将园林中的景物推至读者眼前，这里有实景也有虚景。）

2、读课文6——11段，思考课文赞颂了苏州的那些特点？

（歌颂了苏州悠久的历史，改革开放后苏州的飞速发展，修复古城的成就，苏州今天的太平盛景，深厚的文化积淀，苏州的园林艺术，苏州的佳肴美点，苏州的刺绣等。）

3、最后一段说“苏州是一种诱惑，是一种挑战，是一种补充”，你怎样理解？

（诱惑是指苏州不同寻常的美丽，挑战是指苏州令人吃惊的变化，补充是指苏州传统风情对现代生活的影响。）

4、反复读课文，找出抒情议论句，说说本文表达了作者什么样的思想感情？

（议论抒情句略，感情：表现作者对过去毁灭美亵渎美的行为的愤懑与不平，对苏州恢复美丽，进一步发展的由衷的喜悦与礼赞。）

5、本文采用了多种修辞，请多找几处带着感情朗读，说说其精妙之处？（反问 语势强烈，感情充沛 ；排比对偶 语句整齐，具有对称美节奏美 ； 互文语言灵活，意义更充实。）

6、这篇散文重点不在描写，而在议论与抒发感情，那么文章结构、语言上有什么特点？试着总结一下。

（结构方面：文章按照引出苏州、从多方面介绍苏州、对苏州进行礼赞这样的顺序来写，结构严谨，层次清楚。语言方面：首先，用语大胆，富有创意；其次，极尽铺陈，大肆渲染；第三，大量使用各种修辞方法，富有表现力。）

三、拓展延伸（10分钟）

生命赋 ①我常常在大自然中看到种种生命的奇观。

②挺拔的巨树，葱茂的森林，绿色的草原，成熟的庄稼，盛开的鲜花，望着它们，或徜徉其中，那种洋溢着的博大的生命力，常常催发我爆发我的生命激情，在体内蔓延，奔涌，激荡。

③但是，有一些更细微更不显眼的现象，往往特别作用于我的心尖和神经末梢，引起我异常深刻的震颤。

④早春，当冰尚未完全消融、万物尚未苏醒的时候，柳树的枝条还是铁灰色，可如小米粒般的新芽已经顶着严寒冒出来。它就是报春的最早的使者，万木峥嵘的自然之春就是从它开始的。

⑤当柳芽发出不久，在棉花地里，可以看见棉芽冲破柔韧的壳子，一个个钻 八年级语文学教案上册第二单元

编写人

王志敏

出地面，遍地都写着两个字：突破。

⑥麦收过后，麦地里新播种的大豆，不几天工夫，从薄薄的透明的外衣中露出茁壮的一点胚芽，探头顶破地表，满地像是用五线谱写成的生命第一乐章。它预示着，也开始演奏着一部生命交响乐：活泼泼的胖乎乎的豆苗，无边无际的宜人眼目的豆绿色波浪，成熟的金黄色的小山。

⑦我害怕见花蕾。特别是那种已露出一点亮色，将要绽开的花蕾。我一看见它，就如痴如醉，就完全被它吸引，不顾一切地去做生命瑰丽峰巅的想像：经过长久的默默经营、吮吸、积累，所蓄积的全部精华、神采、光辉，就要在一刹那间展现，这是怎样激动人心的时刻！恰如刚刚构思好一篇十分得意的文章，将要展纸挥笔的当口，也恰如自己崇拜的球员，在终场前得到一个绝佳的射门机会，即将起脚攻入致胜一球的那一刻，我有时有一种喘不过气来的感觉。

⑧我还有一个执拗的习惯：好在贫瘠的荒凉的山间沙漠流连。岩间石缝中生长的斑痕累累千扭百弯的怪柏奇松，荒漠中的一株或一丛“沙打旺”或骆驼草，石板上的一片黄绿浅灰的苔藓，我都向它们注目。这些景象剥落了我热烈的情感，凸现出严峻的理性，它们并不可怜，我是敬仰它们！

⑨这是怎样坚忍不拔的生命追求！在极端恶劣的条件下，它们全都生长得很顽强，很自信，很精神！外在的温度、湿度、肥沃度等条件，对它们都不重要；它们几乎全靠自己内在的生命力。如果条件再恶劣一点，别的茂盛的生命可能化为死亡的尘埃，而它们却能依然故我，生机盎然；如果条件好一点，那它们该是一副怎样的葱茂！

⑩还有比生命现象更瑰丽更丰富的吗？

⑾有幸获得一次生命，就让生命庄严地展示吧。

1、文章④至⑦段所写的“细微不显眼的事物”有 柳芽、棉芽、豆芽、花蕾（每空1分，共4分）

2、文章第⑦段“我害怕见花蕾”这句话中，“害怕”一词表现了作者怎样的心情？（3分）

我即将看见花蕾时既激动惊喜又紧张不安的复杂心情。（意思对即可）

3、第⑧段中，对奇松怪柏、苔藓、骆驼草等，作者为什么说“它们并不可怜，我应该敬仰它们”？（3分）

因为它们生存条件极端恶劣，（1分）却仍保持着顽强、自信和坚忍不拔的生命追求，（1分）显示出强劲的生命力。（1分）（意思对即可）

4、将画线的句子换成“世上再也没有比生命现象更瑰丽更丰富的了”，你认为好不好？为什么？（4分）

不好。因为画线句是反问句，更能强化对瑰丽丰富的生命现象的赞美之情；并能引起读者思考、回味。5．文末“有幸获得一次生命，就让生命庄严地展示吧”对你有什么启示？（4分）

冀教版八上数学教案 篇2

关键词：数学教材,分析,教学,建议

《义务教育数学课程标准 (2011版) 》以下简称 (《课标 (2011版) 》) 以几何直观和推理能力作为十大核心观念之一, 备受瞩目。为了加强几何教学, 增强推理能力的培养, 更好地落实《课标 (2011版) 》的有关要求, 冀教版数学教材编者特意将等腰三角形、直角三角形以及这些特殊三角形的性质、判定方法编成一章。这既考虑了各版块知识的完善, 又便于培养学生的推理论证能力。

一、全章教材分析

(一) 宏观分析

1. 从全章教材内容及其编排旨在实现《课标 (2011版) 》要求, 即“了解等腰三角形的概念, 探索并证明等腰三角形的性质定理, 探索并掌握等腰三角形的判定定理, 探索等边三角形的性质定理及判定定理;……了解直角三角形的概念, 探索并掌握直角三角形的性质定理及判定直角三角形全等的‘斜边、直角边’定理;探索勾股定理及逆定理, 并能运用它们解决一些简单的实际问题;知道证明的必要性, 知道证明合乎逻辑, ……会综合法证明的格式;通过实例体会反证法的含义。”

2. 从该章内容在全册教材体系中的地位和作用考察。《特殊三角形》是对三角形知识的深化和拓展, 又是进一步研究特殊四边形的重要工具, 同时等腰三角形的知识在今后探索线段相等、角相等、直线的垂直关系等方面有着广泛的应用;勾股定理及逆定理不仅是数形结合思想的完美体现, 更是学生解决数学问题和实际问题的有力工具。

3. 从该章内容在初中数学知识体系中的地位和作用考察。在平面图形知识体系中, 《特殊三角形》是研究矩形、菱形、正方形等特殊四边形的基础, 这几种特殊四边形性质和判定方法的推导建立在等腰三角形、直角三角形的性质及判定方法之上。数形结合思想在本章中得以完美呈现, 这种思想是学生后续学习平面直角坐标系和函数的基础;勾股定理和逆定理是架构代数与几何两大数学分支的桥梁, 在初中欧氏几何体系中占有举足轻重的地位, 因此本章在整个初中数学教材中起着承上启下的作用。

(二) 微观分析

1. 从各节内容的呈现方式看。

(1) 等腰三角形的性质定理、勾股定理、“直角三角形斜边上的中线等于斜边的一半”等内容, 都设计了通过观察、操作、思考、归纳等获得“发现”、再通过演绎推理证明“发现”的探索活动。这样的编排是学生体会通过推理探索数学结论, 运用演绎推理加以证明的过程, 有利于发展学生的推理能力。 (2) 勾股定理的获得, 设计为通过观察、计算、思考、归纳、猜想等一系列活动发现问题, 然后展开探索证明活动。然验证“猜想”的过程设计为“试着做做看”“做一做”的学生自主活动。 (3) 等腰三角形的判定定理和勾股定理的逆定理的呈现, 本次教材修改为等腰三角形的性质和勾股定理的逆命题是否成立的探究活动。教材力争让学生经历“发现提出问题———归纳概括猜想———验证猜想”的完整过程, 同时给出了从另一角度发现数学事实的方法。这样编排能有效发展学生的推理能力和创新精神。 (4) “反证法”一节是新增内容, 除介绍了反证法及证明命题的一般步骤外, 还运用反证法对平行线的性质定理“两条直线被第三条直线所截, 同位角相等”进行了证明, 这样编写体现了教材在内容上的完整性。教材同时增加了应用反证法的例题, 学生能初步领会反证法的价值。

2. 从全章蕴含的思想方法看。

本章蕴含的数学思想有“数形结合”“几何直观”“从特殊到一般”等, 蕴含的方法有“数与形结合的方法”“特殊化法”“反证法”。数形结合的方法不仅体现在勾股定理及逆定理上, 在等腰三角形的性质和判定方法中也有所渗透, 教师应认真体会。

3. 从教材正文、例题、习题、课后习题的设计上看。

教材正文改变了冗长的文字叙述方式, 以简洁明快的叙述直切课题, 或以问题形式对已获定理做逆向剖析, 用“一起讨论”或“大家交流”的形式引导讨论交流, 发现问题, 提出猜想、验证猜想。

教材设计的随堂练习、课后习题的难度均低于例题, 其中, 随堂练习只是对课堂所学知识的直接检验, 课后习题的难度略有上升, 这样编排意在引导学生进行模仿练习;课后习题分A、B两层设计, 体现了考查知识由浅入深、由简单到综合、由代数求值运算到几何说理论证的螺旋上升趋势, 符合学生的认知程序。

4. 从各节内容的知识树上看。

从知识树上不难看出, 等边三角形是对等腰三角形的深化, 等边三角形性质与判定方法的研究是基于等腰三角形为基础的;勾股定理及逆定理的探索与应用分别是对直角三角形性质与判定知识的丰富和升华。

二、施教建议:

(一) 注重“挖掘教材、活用教材”

教师在教学中应摒弃“死教教材”的现象。“吃透教材, 挖掘教材, 活用教材”是教学成功的关键。备课中, 教师应揣摩: (1) 编者这样编排教材的意图是什么? (2) 本节知识教学要培养学生的哪些能力? (3) 教学目标通过何种方式得以实现?

教师教学时不仅应做到“胸中有书”, 更要做到“目中有人”。只有这样备课、授课才能真正贯彻“因材施教”的基本教学思想。

(二) 注重推理教学, 实现合情推理与演绎推理的有机结合

通过《全等三角形》和《轴对称和中心对称》两章的学习, 学生对“已知———求证——证明”的形式逻辑推理过程已有了一定的了解, 在书写格式上已具备一定的经验, 能够表达自己的思考, 但符号语言还有待规范。本章中借助等腰三角形性质、判定、直角三角形全等的判定等定理的论证过程训练学生规范书写推理过程, 用标准的数学符号语言书写推理步骤, 是本章的教学难点。

本章教材中的许多“发现”首先由合情推理 (如等腰三角形的性质) 或操作实验 (如直角三角形斜边中线的性质) 得出, 然后在教师的点拨下, 逐渐抽象出数学结论, 引领学生采用演绎推理的方式给予论证。教师在教学中通过反复操作图形, 揭示辅助线的构造方法, 扫除演绎推理过程中的障碍, 实现合情推理到演绎推理的过渡。

(三) 注重方法, 凸显数学思想

数学思想方法是数学教育的灵魂, 数学思想是隐形的、上位的, 数学方法是显性的、可操作的。本章教材涉及推理思想、抽象思想、数形结合思想、转化思想。受这些思想的作用, 产生了数形结合方法、从特殊到一般的方法、逆向思维法。教师教学时, 应通过具体的事例的讲解, 使无形的思想显性化, 使数学方法得以概括和总结, 使它们成为解决问题的“金钥匙”, 真正提升学生的学习能力。

(四) 注重实践操作和创新精神的培养

学生通过“操作实践”来“发现”知识是本章教材编写的一个突出亮点。教师在教学中应通过“一起探究”“试着做做”“观察与思考”等栏目给学生提供实践机会、认知空间, 应充分利用这些素材让学生经历知识的“产生”、“发展”、“变化”、“应用”过程, 有意识地培养学生勇于创新、善于创新、乐于创新的精神, 逐渐将这种能力内化为学生学习的能力, 实现数学教育的育人功能。

参考文献

[1]义务教育数学课程标准 (2011年版) [M].北京师范大学出版社, 2012, 3.

冀教版八上数学教案 篇3

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: pet, keep

Oral words and expressions: amazing, imagination

Teaching Aims:

1. Animals play an important part in our life.

2. Practice the students’ spoken English.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Reminding and Warning.

2. Grasp the key words in the listening.

Teaching Difficult Points:

The imaginary pets

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Teaching Type: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”.

1. What’s your favourite animal? Why?

2. Do you have a pet? Would you like to have one?

Discuss the questions in groups with three or four people. Then report to the class.

Lets’ have an interview. How many students in your class like cats? How many students in your class like dogs? Does anyone in your class have strange pet? Why do you think it is strange?

Step2. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:

1. Does Jenny have a pet? What is it?

2. What animal would Danny like to have for a pet?

3. What animal would Brain like to have for a pet?

Step3. Read the text and check the answers. Then read the text again. Play the tape again and let the students read after it. Play the tape for several times until they can read it correctly and fluently.

Step4. Let some students lead the class to read the text sentence by sentence.

Step5.Practice

Work in pairs. Practice the similar dialogue according to the text.

Step6. Come to “PROJECT”.

Do you have a pet? Do any animals live with your family?

Describe your pet, or describe a pet you would like to have. Write a passage about your pet or your imaginary pet. Draw a picture to match it. Then put them on the wall.

Divide the class into several groups. Let them give a report to the class.

If you can’t finish the project in one lesson, go on it the next lesson.

Step7. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Go on the next reading in the next lesson.

Summary:

Dogs are people’s friends in the life. They are very important in many ways. We hear many stories that the animals save the owners out of danger. We must give love to the animals and we must love each other.

Lesson 18: Brandy Hates Cats

Teaching Content:

Oral words and expressions: Brandy, chase, squirrel, branch, fierce, Amy

Teaching Aims:

1. Understand the main parts of a story.

2. Describe one’s experience with the help of the pictures.

Teaching Important Points;

1. The Past Continue Tense.

2. Express one’s ideas in English.

Teaching Difficult Points:

The Past Continue Tense

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Show the picture of Mike and the dog to the class. What does the passage describe according to the picture? Let the students to express theirs ideas in English.

Step2. Come to ‘THINK ABOUT IT.”

Step3. Read the test silently and ask the students to answer the following questions:

1. What’s the name of the dog?

2. Does the animals need love? What do we do?

3. What does Brandy like to do when we are walking?

4. What are sticks?

5. Is Brandy fierce? What is she scared of?

Step4. Play the tape and let the students read after it. Pause after every line, and ask the students to repeat.

Step5. Let some students read the text in class and the others listen to see if they have any mistakes. Can they find and correct the mistakes?

Step6. Let the students rewrite the story and read it to the class.

Step7. Discuss the reading with the students. Use as much English as possible. Ask questions to make it easier for students to participate.

Ask questions like this:

What does Mike do to look after his dog?

Lots of people in North America have pets. In this way, are people in North America the same as, or different from, people in China?

Step8. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Review the next lesson.

Summary

It’s easy and interesting for the students to talk about the familiar dialogues in English. Give them chance to practice in class. They can prepare before the class, too. Some students need more time. If they don’t have a real one, what animals do they really want to have?

Lesson 19: Brandy Hates Cats!

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: open, somewhere, lake, all kinds of, protect, scientist

Oral words and expressions: extinct, gorilla, protect…from…, go extinct, stop…from doing

Teaching Aims:

1. Ask the people to protect animals.

2. What are the zoos for?

Teaching Important Points:

1. What will we take if we go to a zoo?

2. Write a story about a trip to the zoo.

Teaching Difficult Points:

Some words and expressions

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Show some pictures of animals to the class. Ask the students:

What animals do you like best?

What animals can you see in the zoo?

Step2. Read the text and let the students repeat the main ideas of the text.

Step3. Listen to the tape, pause after every line, and ask the students to repeat (a) in chorus, (b) in small groups, (c) individually.

Step4. Practice

Deal with the vocabulary. Select one or two words for discussion. For example, the word kind can be used as an adjective (Mr. Smith is a kind person) or a noun (I like this kind of pet). The word open can be used as a verb (Open the door) and an adjective (The door is open). Can students think of other examples? You may want to compare zoo with school. Remind the students that while we say, “ go to school” (here the word the is not used), we usually say “go to the zoo”(here the word the must be used).

Step5. Read the text in roles. The teacher walks in the classroom while they are reading. Help them if necessary.

Step6. Let some students come to the front and act the dialogue out.

Step7. Come to “PROJECT 2”

Divide the class into several groups and finish the task.

Instruct the students to write a story about a trip to the zoo they have taken or would like to take. The story can be real or imaginary. They should illustrate their stories with pictures or photographs. Students may continue working on their stories during the next two lessons.

Step8. Homework

1. The third reading in the reader.

2. Finish off the activity book.

Summary:

It is important for us to protect animals from extinction. Let the students look up after class about the information about the animals. How many animals are there in the world? Now how many kinds of animals have been extincted? What do we need to do immediately? What have our government done for this? What’s your opinion about this? Can you give some good advice?

Lesson 20: Stand So Still

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: still, make friends with, while, camel, fear, shy, bear

Oral words and expressions: waddle, toss, seal

Teaching Aims:

1. Continue animals as our friends.

2. Learn about the foreign culture.

Teaching Important Points:

1. How do you make friends with animals?

2. What are the animals’ habits?

Teaching Difficult Points:

Make friends with animals

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure;

Step1. Free Talk

Talk about your trip to a zoo. Work in groups. Write a passage and report it to the class. You can answer the following questions:

1. Where did you go?

2. How did you go”

3. What’s the weather like that day?

4. What did you do in the zoo?

5. Where did you have lunch?

6. Where did you have a rest?

Step2. Listen to the tape and repeat after it. Let us lose ourselves in the beautiful music now.

Help the students to guess the meaning of the new words that appear in the text. This will in turn help the class understand the meaning of the song.

Step3. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:

1. How do you make friends with the animals? Why?

2. What does Danny like to do?

3. What animal would he like to make friends with?

4. Do you think what animals are fierce?

Step4. Read the text and check the answers. Then let the students read it loudly in class. After a while, ask the students to act it out in front of the class.

Step5. Make sure everybody can sing confidently. Let volunteers come to the front and sing loudly.

Step6. Come to “LET’S DO IT”.

Work in groups and give their opinions in class. Encourage them to speak freely. Maybe they will have good advice. You can write a letter and show your opinions to the local government.

Step7. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Review the next lesson.

Summary:

Let the students draw a picture of you and your favourite animal. Put them up on the wall. According to the content of today, we can practice spoken English about a trip to a zoo. Make up a dialogue in two or three and act it out in front of the class.

Lesson 21:Fun at the Zoo

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: danger, surprised, mad, lazy, nearly

Oral words and expressions: entrance, cage, No Photos!

Teaching Aims:

1. Learn about the instructions in the zoo.

2. What are the animals’ habits?

Teaching Important Points:

1. Express one’s idea with the help of the teacher and the picture.

2. Cultivate the students’ active attitude to the future.

Teaching Difficult Points:

What we can’t do in the zoo? Why?

Teaching Preparations: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Show a picture of the zoo to the class and say: “Today we are going to have a trip in the zoo. Who is the tour guide?

Step2. Remember any other signs you have seen or read before? (Wet Paint! No Noise! No Smoking! Men’s Room/ Ladies’ Room)

Step3. Check the homework. Let’s see if the students have previewed the lesson. Let them ask questions. They can ask like this:

1. When is the zoo open?

2. What do we can’t do in the zoo?

3. Why can’t we take photos?

4. What animal would Danny like to make friends with?

Step4. Listen to the tape and repeat after it. Play the tape for several until they can read it correctly and fluently.

Step5. Read the text in roles. Then change the roles each other. Help them during their reading.

Step6. Let some students act the dialogue out in front of the class.

Step7. Come to “LET’S DO IT”.

In a group of three, act out a trip to the zoo. Each group member takes one of the three roles (Brain, Jenny or Danny). Try changing the story. Be creative.

Give the students time. Then let them act it out. Choose which group is the most creative.

Step8. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Go on the next reading in the student book.

Summary:

When we practice spoken English like step7 “LET’S DO IT”. Remember to give chance to the poor students. Encourage them to speak loudly in class. Praise them when they have some progress. Encourage others to help them in many ways to cultivate their confidence

Lesson 22: April Fools’

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: joke, yourselves

Oral words and expressions: fool, trick, April Fools’, play joke on…

Teaching Aims:

1. Learn about the foreign culture in western countries.

2. What are the main festivals in western countries?

Teaching Important Points:

1. Learn about the things that we can do in April Fools’.

2. What we usually in China on April Fools’?

Teaching Difficult Points:

the main festivals in western countries

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”.

Explain April Fools’ Day in English. Let’s see how many students can understand you. Tell them what they usually do on that day.

Step2. If happens today is April Fools’, play a joke on the students. When the teacher comes into the classroom, says we will have a quiz today. The students may feel surprised and puzzled, why didn’t the teacher tell them earlier? When they all in a hurry, tell them we only play a joke on them. Now they can understand the festival clearly.

Step3. Listen to the tape and let some students retell the main idea about the text. If they can’t do well, don’t publish them. Encourage them and say: “I know it is very difficult for you. It’s also difficult for me. Let’s face the problem together.”

Step4. Read the text silently and answer the following questions:

1. What is the date today?

2. What’s the meaning of April Fools’ Day?

3. What do they decide to do?

4. Did Danny believe what Brain and Jenny said?

Step5. Listen to the tape for several times until they can read it correctly and fluently.

Step6. Let some students read the text in roles. Then change the roles. Now let’s briefly discuss the reading. To dertermine students’ level of understanding, ask them to ask questions about the text. They may begin like this:

1. What did Brain and Jenny want to do?

2. Did the bear get out of the zoo?

3. Was the cage open?

4. Who said the bear looked hungry?

5. What did Danny say on Saturday?

Step7. Let some students act the dialogue out in front of the class.

Step8. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Go on the next reading in the student book.

Summary:

Listening is a difficult part in English teaching. So teaching the students how to improve one’s listening ability is very important. We can use many types in class. The main types are: listen and answer the following questions; listen and fill in the blanks; listen and choose the best answer; listen and repeat the main idea about the story. Of course, the last one is the most difficult. The teacher should practice the students listening ability step by step.

Lesson 23: Famous Zoos

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: giraffe, Asian

Oral words and expressions: Egypt, Africa, pyramid, Italy, wedding, Siberian, be famous for

Teaching Aims:

1. Know about the history of the zoo.

2. Call on people all over the world to create a more life for the animals.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Learn about the growth of the zoo.

2. Improve the students’ reading ability.

Teaching Difficult Points:

Some words and expressions: Egypt, Africa, Italy, Siberian, be famous for

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Deal with the words first because the words in this lesson are a little difficult. Let some students read the words. Then read after the teacher. After several times, let some students read the words and the others read after it. Now close the cooks, let some students read the words in class, at the same time, the others read after it.

Step2. Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks:

1. One of the world’s first zoos was in ______, about ________ years ago.

2. Egypt is a country in _______.

3. China built its zoo about _______ years ago.

4. ________ years ago, a king kept many wild animals in his zoo.

5. When he got married, he took _______, _______, ________ and ________ to his wedding.

6. One hundred years ago, a new kind of zoo opened in _______.

Step3. Read the text and briefly discuss the reading. To determine students’ level of understanding, ask questions like this:

1. When the first zoos built in Egypt?

2. What people can go to the zoo?

3. Where is Egypt? What is it famous for?

4. When did China build its first zoo?

5. Were there animals in wedding clothes eight hundred years ago? What did they do?

6. Where did a new kind of zoo open one hundred years ago?

Step4.Listen to the tape again and repeat after it until they can repeat it correctly and fluently. Let some students read the text in class. Choose the best one to encourage from the students’ pronunciation and intonation.

Step5. Ask the students what they know about the history of the zoo. Encourage them to search on the Internet and report to the class in next class.

Step6. Come to “LET’S DO IT”.

Divide the class into several groups and discuss the task. What are the good ways for animals living in the zoos? What are the bad ways? Let the students give them advice freely.

Animals should have a better life. But what can we do? Can the students give more good advice? Report to the class and discuss together.

Step7. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Go on the next reading in the students’ book.

Summary

Everyone does not know the history of zoos. In order to get more information, we can use the Internet and the time after class to enlarge the knowledge. Then the teacher give them chance to show their performance to the class.

Lesson 24: Unit Review

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions from Lesson 17 to Lesson 23.

Oral words and expressions from Lesson 17 to Lesson 23.

Teaching Aims:

1.Teach people to love life, animals and environment.

2.How can we make a better life for the animals?

Teaching Important Points:

1. Learn about the festivals in western countries.

2.Teach the students the ways of learning by themselves.

Teaching Difficult Points:

The Past Continue Tense

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: review lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Let some students come to the front and sum the main content that we learn in this unit.

The teacher helps him when he has difficulties. If one can’t say clearly, the others can add it.

Step2. Ask the students to review the grammars that we learn in this unit. Provide help if it necessary. If one student can’t finish it, the others can go on.

Step3. Make up sentences with the important words and expressions that we learn in this unit. Such as: protect…from… be famous for. The teacher can arrange an order, according to the time or the length.

Step4. Talk about the favourite animals. Divide the class into several groups and share the pleasure that the animals bring you.

Step5. Do the exercises on Page 29. The teacher walks around the classroom and provides help when they are in trouble.

Step6. Explain some problems on the blackboard. Let’s discuss together. Practice “Speaking the Language” in class.

Step7. Let’s sing the song, if we have time.

Step8. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2.Sum what we learn in this unit.

Summary:

冀教版八上数学教案 篇4

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: anywhere, type, ship, rapid, on foot, of course

Oral words and expressions: transportation

Teaching Aims:

1. Learn the information about the transportation.

2. Know the transportation history and what the future transportation will be like.

Teaching Important Points:

1. How many types of transportation are there in the world?

2. Talk about all kinds of transportation.

Teaching Difficult Points:

Discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of all kinds of transportation.

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Lead in the class. Let the students discuss the following questions:

How do you come to school every day? Why?

S1: I come to school on foot because my home is near the school.

S2: I come to school by bike because I ride my bike well.

S3: I come to school by bus because my home is far away from school.

Step2. Let the students ask questions about the transportation. Such as: what do you take if you go on a trip to Beijing? Why? Can you describe your favourite trip to the class?

Step3. Listen to the tape and do with Exercise 2 in the activity book with the books closed.

Step4. Read the text and check the answers. Then read the text again and repeat after it. After a while, ask some students to read the text loudly in roles.

Step5. Make sentences with the phrases: what about, on foot, take a car, would like, more rapid

Step6. Practice

Discuss the following question:

What is the advantages and disadvantages of the transportations? Such as: cars, trains, and buses. If you go on a trip, where would you like to go? How will you go there?

Let the students work in groups of three of four. After a while, present their answers to the class.

Step7. Come to “ LET’S DO IT.”

Ask the students to talk in the class. Then they can give their presentation in dialogues or in composition. Encourage them to report one by one.

Step8. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Go on the next reading in the student book.

Summary:

When the students make their presentation to the class. Remember to remind them to speak in turn. We should let all the students have the chances to speak. If someone can’t go on, the others may help him.

Lesson 34: Trains Go on Rails!

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: invent, wheel, engineer, railway, passenger, speed, even, get on/off

Oral words and expressions: rail, invention, steam, engine, locomotive, explode, distance, iron, per, magnetic, jet, jet engine, get on/off, (at) a top speed of

Teaching Aims:

1. Know about the train history.

2. What will the future train be like?

Teaching Important Points:

The invention of the steam engine, the first steam locomotive, railways and the first passenger.

Teaching Difficult Points:

Who invented the inventions and when did they invent them.

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Come to “THINK ABOUT IT.”

Let the students talk in groups about the question: How do you usually travel to some other places?

After discussing for a while, the students make a report to the class.

Step2. Let the students read the text then answer how is the text arranged.

Step3. Listen to the tape. After repeating the text for several times, ask them to retell the story in their own words.

Step4.Let the students talk more about the trains. They may talk about their experience on trains. They also may talk about the structure of the trains, the use of the trains and the future of them.

Step5. Make a table. Make a survey about the advantages and the disadvantages of the trains, the cars, the bus, the bicycles and the planes.

transporation advantage disadvantages

train

car

bus

bicycle

plane

Step6. Come to “LET’S DO IT”.

Step7. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Go on the next reading in the student book.

Summary:

The students know little about the train history. The teacher should arrange much information about it. Show them more pictures and let them know more. Encourage them to imagine the future transportation. Stimulate them to work hard and make their mind to make contribution to the world

Lesson 35: Future Transportation

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: certainly, invention, present, round, wing, dangerous, factory, humorous, as long as

Oral words and expressions: presentation, Henry, Ford, North America,

Teaching Aims:

1. Learn the history of the cars.

2. Describe one type of transportation in the future.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Learn about the Danny wheels.

2. Imagine what types of transportation will be like from one hundred years now.

Teaching Difficult Points:

Let the students think and be creative.

Teaching preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Let the students talk about something about the planes and the cars. What do they know about the planes and the cars? If they know, let them say their details.

Step2. Ask the students to talk about the picture in the text. What do they think about this?

Step3. Let’s listen to the tape and answer the following questions:

1. How did people get to another city before people invented plane?

2. When did Henry Ford open a car factory?

3. What’s Danny’s invention?

4. Would someone like to ride in the Danny’s wheel? Why?

Step4. Read the text and check the answers. Then let the students read it loudly in class. After a while, ask the students read the text in roles.

Step5. Let the students act he dialogue out. They can take a circle for Danny’s wheel.

Step6. Ask some students to make sentences with the following phrases:

At that time, need to, present, you’d better not.

At that time, I was a little girl.

You need to wear warm clothes in cold winter.

Present your invention to the class.

You’d better say it again.

Step7. Come to “PROJECT”.

1. Ask the students to make a survey: ask your grandparents about the old transportation. When they are in a hurry, what did they do? Did they think of the modern transportation today? What do they think of the life today?

Remember to make a report to the class.

2. Talk in groups of three or four. What do you hope the future transportation will be like? Can you invent some useful invention? Report to the class.

3. Make a detail about your future transporation.

Step8. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Go on the next reading in the student book.

Summary:

Encourage students to make a survey about the old transportation. How did our grandparents go to a big city in the old days? How long did it take? While, we think hard to invent new transportation. What’s its advantages and disadvantages? We can make a detail about it.

Lesson 36: Let’s Take a Drive

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: drive, countryside, ride

Oral words and expressions: drove, driven, highway, rode, ridden, park, afar

Teaching Aims:

1. Feel the charming of the music.

2. Know what the people in the foreign countries do in their spare time.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Sing the foreign songs together.

2. Use the modal verbs.

Teaching Difficult Points:

Grasp some words and patterns: be late for, get out of, you’d better not

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Listen to the tape first. Feel the charming of the music.

Step2. Ask the students to read the lyric line by line. Divide them into several groups to practice the song.

Step3. Explain the Chinese meaning of the song. Your translation must be like poem in order to take them to a beautiful situation.

Step4. Listen to the tape for several times and repeat with it.

Step5. Work in groups. Talk about the questions:

1. What do you usually do in your spare time? How do you usually go there? Why?

2. Talk about your recent journey to the class. What gave your most expression?

Step6. Practice

1. the use of modal verb “can”.

Can you drive me to school today?

Can he go to my home?

2. the use of modal verb “may”.

May I speak in Chinese?

May I leave school now?

3. You’d better not.

--May we eat take a photo here? –You’d better not. Look at “NO PHOTOS” sign.

--May I smoke? –You’d better not. Look at “NO SMOKING” sign.

Step7. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Go on the next reading in the student book.

Summary:

Today we learn a song. After a piece of music, we feel a mother’s love. Mrs. Dinosaur’s voice is very interesting, which becomes the modal of some students. We deal with the two modal verbs “can and may” again. Now we know it’s used to ask for permission.

Lesson 37: Flying Donuts

Teaching Content:

Oral words and expressions: fuel, imagination

Teaching Aims:

1. Stimulate students’ learning interests.

2. Cultivate students’ listening by catching the useful information in the listening process.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Encourage students’ to increase creative ability.

2. Why is the invention called “flying donuts”.

Teaching Difficult Points:

What’s the theory of an invention?

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Play a Game

Let some students explain it in English, while the others guess what it is. You must say the transportation. For example,

A transporter is very long. It can hold many people in it. It can also take goods. What is it?

Step2. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:

1. What is Danny’s invention made of?

2. Why is it called “Flying Donuts”?

3. Will Danny’s invention really work?

Step3. Read the text and check the answers. Then listen to the tape again and read after it for several times.

Step4. Ask the students to read the text in roles. Then act the dialogue in front of the class.

Step5. Make sentences with the following language points: on the way to school, turn on, at the front of

Step6. Let’s come to “PROJECT”.

Divide the class into small groups of three of four students. Each group chooses a type of transportation for the students. Instruct students to begin collecting information about that type of transportation. They will prepare a comic strip or timetable of important dates in its development.

Groups present their work to the class. Depending on class size and the length of presentations, you may wish to divide up the class. Groups would then present their projects to one portion of the class.

If the project cannot be finished in one class, it can be continued in the next lesson.

Step7.Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Go on the next reading in the student book.

Summary:

Let the students create more useful inventions. When one group thinks of a good idea, the others can add their useful information to it. Instruct them to speak in timeline.

Lesson 38: Let’s Invent Hoverboard!

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: smooth, second, space, sound

Oral words and expressions: Sam, hoverboard, skateboard, float, transportation, show, spaceship, all the time, go through

Teaching Aims:

1. Review words and phrases for transportation that the students learned before.

2. Encourage the students to find and restate information in personal and imaginative ways.

Teaching Important Points:

1. How do you demonstrate your invention?

2. Learn about the use of Modal Verbs.

Teaching Difficult Points:

the use of Modal Verbs

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”.

Let the students answer the questions and discuss them in pairs.

Step2. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:

1. What type of transportation would Sam like to see in the future/

2. What would a hoverboard be like?

3. What types of transportation are in this text?

Step3. Read the text and check the answers. Then play the tape for several times. Let the students repeat after it for several times.

Step4. Ask the students to have a reading content. Divide the class into several groups. Each group chooses one person every time. The one reads best can get a star. Let’s have a compete to see which group will have the most stars.

Step5. Divide the class into several groups. Ask them to talk the future transportation that they would like to see. Use the words and the expressions that we learn in this unit.

Step6. Come to “LET’S DO IT”.

Step7. Homework

1. Finish off the activity book.

2. Go on the next reading in the student book.

Summary:

Let’s have a discussion about Sam’s invention. Will it come true one day? What do you think of it? What’s the students’ invention? This is a good chance to develop students’ brain. Don’t miss it.

Lesson 39: Clean Cars?

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions: sound, dirty, electric

Oral words and expressions: pedal, electricity, present…to…

Teaching Aims:

1. Learn about the words and expressions about the transportation.

2. Know about the development of the transportation.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Grasp the modal verbs

2. Talk about the possibility and impossibility.

Teaching Difficult Points:

Modal Verbs

Teaching Preparation: drawings

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, drawings

Type of lesson: new lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Lead in the class.

The teacher sums the main idea of this unit: “ In this unit, we learn about the trains, bicycles, cars and the other transportation. What we want to see in the future? Yesterday we leave this as our project. Can you show it to the class now.”

Then let the students show their drawings to the class. Ask the students to explain their invention in English to the class.

Step2. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:

1. What did the teacher ask us to think about?

2. What is Jenny’s invention?

Step3. Read the text silently and check the answers. Let the students discuss the main idea of the passage in details.

Step4. Listen to the tape again. Then let the students tell the main idea in their own words.

Step5. Talk about Jenny’s invention. What do you think of her idea? Can you give her any good ideas?

Step6. Come to the second e-mail.

Ask the students the questions: Is Li Ming’s advice the same as the ideas that you give Jenny? Which one is better? Why?

Step7. Come to “LET’S DO IT”.

Step8. Homework

1. If you don’t finish “LET’S DO IT” in class, please go on after class.

2. Finish off the activity book.

Summary:

You will be interested in the students drawing of future invention of the transportation. Many students have excellent imagination. Let them explain their invention in details. You will find out there are very clever. Maybe their invention will come true one day

Lesson 40: Unit Review

Teaching Content:

Mastery words and expressions from Lesson 33 to Lesson 39.

Oral words and expressions from Lesson 33 to Lesson 39.

Teaching Aims:

1. Know about the history of some transporters.

2. Learn about the development of the future transportation.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Giving Advice/Order.

2. Possibility and Impossibility.

Teaching Difficult Points:

Modal Verbs

Teaching Preparation: pictures

Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures

Type of lesson: Review lesson

Teaching Procedure:

Step1. Talk about the way of coming to school. Ask the students the questions:

1. How do you come to school? Why?

2. How many students in the class come to school by bike, by bus or on foot?

Make a chart to show the information.

By bike By bus On foot

Number

Reason

Step2. Talk about the main idea of this unit. What advantages and disadvantages do the following transporters have? What do you do with the disadvantages? What’s your good opinion?

By plane By train By bus By car

Advantages

Disadvantages

Advice

Step3. Think about the main ideas of this unit. Let the students say it in details. Talk about what would they like to see in the future about the transportation?

Step4. Come to the exercises. Encourage the students to ask questions and discuss them on the blackboard.

Step5. Lead the students to talk about the Modal Verbs. Make sentences with can, could, would, may and might.

Step6. Come to the “Speaking the Language”.

Step7. Come to the activity book.

Step8. Do some review activities.

Summary:

苏教版八上古诗赏析练习与答案 篇5

破

深

望

山②感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心 白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪

答：面对沦陷的山河，一位满头白发的老人因焦虑忧愁不停地挠头叹息。老人昔日那长长的头发如今纷纷断落，已经短得无法梳髻插簪。诗句所描写的这一细节，含蓄而深刻地表现了诗人忧国思家的情怀。

答：用对偶的手法写出了安史之乱的战火连绵不断，诗人跟家人难通音信，此时的一封家信显得极其珍贵，可以胜过万金，表达了诗人眷念家人的美好感情。尤其是“家书抵万金”写出了消息隔绝久盼音讯不至的急迫心情。

答：凄清、迷离。奠定了全诗感伤、忧愁的基调。

答：醉生梦死的统治者。这首诗借古讽今，抨击了那些沉湎酒色、不理朝政的上层人物，表达了作者对国家命运的关注和忧愤。

11、（2分）凄凉；爱国（意思相近即可）

12、（2分）南宋王朝的处境和命运岌岌可危。

13、（2分）写出了诗人日夜渴望收复失地、万里从戎、以身报国的心愿。

答案：D 孤独凄凉

15、【答案】爱国主义 衬托或反衬或虚实结合或现实与梦境相结合

答案．

1、国破家亡 惶恐滩 零丁洋(2分，第1空1分，第2、3两空各0.5分)2．人难免一死，为拯救祖国而死，一片丹心垂于史册，映照千古，诗句表明了诗人舍生取义的决心，充分体现了他的民族气节。如：闻一多拍案而起，横眉怒对国民党的手枪，宁可倒下去，不愿屈服，表现了我们民族的英雄气慨。(2分，意近即可。其他符合要求的答案亦可)③地名“惶恐滩”“零丁洋”；词人当时的心理状态

答：这一句采用直抒胸臆的方式，表明了自己以死明志的决心，充分体现了他的民族气节。

诚挚的友谊可以超越时空、缩短距离。这句诗一扫往日送别诗的感伤、低沉的格调，表达出乐观豁达的心胸，给人以莫大的安慰和鼓舞。

《己亥杂诗》①浩荡离愁 ②落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花 卸甲归田的惆怅

继续忠心报国服务乡民的信念

22．《望岳》①齐鲁青未了 割 ②会当临绝顶，一览众山小 答案1．(1分)望

高大雄伟2．答案：A(2分)一个“割”字写出了高大的泰山将山南山北的阳光切断，形成两种不同的自然景观，窋突出了泰山遮天蔽日的形象。(写出“窋突出了泰山遮天蔽日的形象”这一意思的即可计2分；不够准确的酌情扣分。)

3、(2分，意思对即可)表达了诗人不怕困难、誓要攀登自己人生顶峰、实现自己的远大抱负的雄心壮志。答案．⑴“初平”，写出了春水新涨，几与岸平的情景。“几处”“谁家”，表现飞鸟不多，候鸟还未都从南方返回。“早莺”“新燕”说明刚刚从南方飞回。“渐”写出了野花渐开渐多的情态。“浅草”“才能”表现了草刚萌发的情形。（2分，写出词语1分，品析1分）（2）绿杨阴里白沙堤（1分）（3）第二联主要从动态方面进行描写，第三联主要从静态方面进行描写，：4①、D②、开放题。例：这两句诗作者抓住了“乱花”、“浅草”写出了花的繁多、草的柔嫩，突出了春的妩媚动人；又以“浅欲”、“才能”描绘了春的发展变化，突出了春的勃勃生机。评分标准：能抓住“乱花”、“浅草”进行赏析的给1。5分；能抓住“浅欲”、“才能”或“迷”、“没”

进行赏析的给1。5分。能全面抓住关键词语进行赏析，语言通顺的给3分。答得不完满的酌情扣分。

如从动物的变化、植物的变化角度回答也可。（2分）

①眼前的困难、障碍、挫折等。(1分)②只有站得高，看得远，才能不怕阻挠，不被眼前的困难吓倒。(意思对即可，2分)27、1、慷慨昂扬

2、表达了诗人为国而战，为国捐躯的昂扬士气和爱国热情。

3、“黑云“比喻敌人大军压城的气势；”“金鳞”比喻铠甲在太阳下反射的光；“不起”指鼓声低沉不响亮。

4、“黑云压城城欲摧，甲光向日金鳞开。”这两句诗写出了敌军兵临城下，孤城将破，守城将士披甲迎战的紧张场面。或这两句诗写出了敌人兵临城下，战云笼罩，使人透不气来，而战士整装待发，士气还很旺盛的战斗气氛。

5、全诗描写战斗的惨烈情景，并没有进行具体的战斗场面的刻画，而是从颜色入手，运用了“黑”“金”“燕脂”

冀教版八上数学教案 篇6

众所周知, 教材是教师教学和学生学习的重要依据, 《教学参考书》是教师教学的重要参考资料, 都应有权威性。

七年级上册课本第92页第13题, 要求学生找出下面两个图形的旋转中心。笔者认为要找出旋转中心, 只能作“对应点所连线段的垂直平分线”, 其交点才是旋转中心。但“线段的垂直平分线”知识在冀教版八年级上册第十六章《轴对称和中心对称》中才出现, 要解决这个问题, 只能给学生补充知识。

七年级上册课本第102页B组第2题, 《教学参考书》上给出的结果是y/7.5kg, 笔者认为一般情况下分母中不能出现小数。第103页练习第1题《教学参考书》给出的答案是6/ (85%) , 作分85%母中是否规范?第105页练习题第1题, 《教学参考书》上给出的结果是a (1+5%) , 把数字系数放在字母后面, 似不妥, 应写成 (1+5%) a, 才与单项式数字系数写在字母前面的规范相符。以上几个习题, 《教学参考书》所提供的答案不规范, 会给教师造成混乱, 导致学生书写不规范。第142页A组第2题中, 要求求出-1/2的系数和指数, 根据系数和指数的定义, 可以把-1/2看成-1/2x0, 因此, 系数应为-1/2, 指数为1, 像这样抽象性很强的题2应有例题, 否则难度太大。

八年级上册第十三章《全等三角形》中13.3《全等三角形的判定》课后习题有5道题中涉及要求学生证明三角形全等。我们知道, 证明三角形全等是按照三角形全等证明特有的固定格式来书写的, 习题应遵循由学生先做、教师再订正的程序, 但课本例题中没有一道例题可供学生模仿, 尽管教师可以补充, 但此次课本在大括号前又加了“∵”与传统有所不同。因此, 笔者认为此处应安排一道例题比较合适。