英语口语常用词汇（精选9篇）
1, 雾霾 serious smog 大气污染 air pollution 尾气排放automobile exhaust pollution工业污染 industrial pollution造纸厂 papermaking factory 化工厂chemical industryBring about serious problems , 交通事故 traffic accidenttraffic jam
can not see you even we stand nearby each other
The Odd number automobile can be drived on Monday, Wednesday ,Friday, Sunday； on the other side , The even number automobile can be appeared on Thursday , Tuesday, Saturday，reducethe volume of automobile use,save energy ,Turn offthe room air conditioner, Itcan easily cause environment problem , for instance ,Global warm;the government should make strict laws to ban such practice The ancient times , the human beings never face so many serious problems , sometimesI doubt whetherthe modern civilization is deserved.2,排放 exhaust emit ,地沟油 poor quality oil；食品卫生 food health and food safety;urban environment /convenience, 拥挤 traffic crowd；心理健康 mental health； 高校 higher school；自杀 suicide； 压力太大，the pressure is too big to afford;good habit;take exercise;run on the playground everyday/frequently;聚会 our friends often get together, take a chat;Encourage each other;reduce the pressure;学业压力 the study pressure;投毒 put the poison in water;人生目标 life goal/target should be exact and realistic;量力而行 do our best;控制人口增长 control the increasing population;就业机会 job opportunity is less and less;少数人the minority/majority;地铁 subway； 酒wine；Whisky、白兰地Brandy、伏特加Vodka；the moderate wine , yellow rice wine;grape wine;因材施教 teach sb on the basis of his personality and ability;come to the class 20 minutes earlier;imaginary;imaginative;素质低下 the quality of the people are lower;
Debt to equity.A measure of a company's financial leverage calculated by dividing long term debt by shareholders equity.It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets.是指公司长期负债与股东权益的比率。
de facto[银]实际上
A condition or situation treated as standard or official, even if not explicitly stated.即使未明言, 仍被当作标准或正式的条件或情况。
Dead Capital[证]不生息资本、死钱
Dead Money指投资在无利益的事业, 或尚未投资的资金。
dead-end street[房]死路
Also known as“Cul de Sac”.A street which is closed at one end so that traffic cannot flow through it.亦称“Cul de Sac”, 指一头封闭、交通无法穿越的街道。
deal[银]交易, 经营, 协议
1.A proposal for financing a business creation or expansion.2.More generally, any contract or arrangement.1.为建立或扩张企业而融资的提议。2.更常指合同或商定。
dealer[房]房地产经销商
Similar to a car dealer, a person who offers a collection of properties for sale to the public.与汽车经销商相似, 向公众提供一系列物业待售的人。
dealer[证]交易商
An entity that stands ready and willing to buy a security for its own account (at its bid price) or sell from its own account (at its ask price) .是指对自己的账户进行买卖证券, 并自己承担风险的人。以自营商而非代理人的身份参与证券业务的个人或公司。典型的是﹐证券商为自己的账户买入证券然后将自己的存款卖于顾客。交易商品的利润或者损失就是他买卖证券过程中支付价格和接受价格之间的差额。证券商在确认书中必须向顾客表明他是自营商。同一个人或公司在不同时间可以以经纪人和证券商的不同身份经营业务。
dealer bank[银]交易商银行
1.A bank department which is registered as a municipal securities dealer.2.A commercial bank which buys and sells government and agency securities.1.作为地方政府交易商注册的银行部门。2.是指专门从事政府债券交易和代理证券交易的商业银行。
dealer loan[分]交易商贷款
Overnight, collateralized loan from a money market bank made to a dealer financing his position by borrowing.是指银行对交易商给予隔夜质押的贷款。
dealer market[证]交易商市场
A market in which transactions occur between principals acting as dealers buying and selling for their own accounts, rather than between brokers acting as agents for buyers and sellers.是指专门为交易者设立的从事为其账户买卖特定资产的市场。例如, OTC市场。
death cross[证]死亡交叉
A crossover involving a securities long-term moving average breaking above its short-term moving average or support level.As long-term indicators carry more weight, this trend indicates a bear market on the horizon and is reinforced by high trading volumes.Additionally, the long-term moving average becomes the new resistance level in the rising market.技术分析用语。所谓死亡交叉是指原本多头排列之短、中、长期平均线, 其短期平均线自上方逐渐走平且跌破中、长期平均线, 并带动中、长期平均线同步向下行成空头排列, 意味着将有一波不小之跌幅, 往往代表一个相当强烈的卖出信号。
debenture[分]公司债券
Unsecured indebtedness, usually long-term.Most common debentures are in the form of bonds.Unsecured debt backed only by the integrity of the borrower, not by collateral, and documented by an agreement called an indenture.This is a type of share issued by a limited company.It is the safest type of share in that it is really a loan to the company and is usually tied to some of the company's assets so should the company fail, the debenture holder will have first call on any assets left after the company has been wound up.无担保债务, 通常为长期。多数普通信用债务是债券的形式。是指公司凭其信誉担保而发行的无抵押长期债券。凭借款人信誉而非抵押品作保的未担保债务, 用协议来为其作书面证明。无抵押债务, 只依赖借方信用质量作为支持, 并无抵押品, 协议属于契约形式。在英国是指有担保的公司债券;在美国是指无担保证券。
“I am behind you.”这句话意为“我支持你。”常常用来对举棋不定的朋友表示鼓励。其中behind在这里有“作后盾”的意思。例如：
——Whatever decision you’re going to make, I am behind you.
不管你的决定是什么，我都支持你。
——Thank you. 谢谢。
2. You bet.
bet是动词，原意为“打赌”，在口语中常用“You bet!”表示“当然！”。其含义和sure， certainly没有多大差别。例如：
——Will you take the photo to him? 你能把这张照片带给他吗？
——You bet（I will)! 当然！
3. I don’t know for sure.
“I don’t know for sure.”这句话意为“我不敢肯定。”，常常用来回答别人的提问，表示自己不知道确切的答案。其中sure意为“一定；确实”。例如：
——Could you tell me how to get to the town hall?
你能告诉我去市政厅怎么走吗？
——Maybe it’s on Center Street. I don’t know for sure.
可能在中央大街上吧，我不敢肯定。
4. Let me see.
“Let me see.”这句话意为“让我想想。”，通常用来给自己争取时间考虑，以便回答别人的提问。其中see在这里的意思是“考虑”。例如：
——What’s your decision? 你的决定是什么？
——Well, let me see. 哦，让我想想。
5. I’ve got to go.
“I’ve got to go.”这句话意为“我（有事）得走了。”，可以用来结束一段对话。通常说完这句话后会跟对方解释原因。对话中常常用“Same here.”表示自己的感觉也是一样。例如：
——I’ve got to go. It’s nice talking to you.
我得走了。跟你讲话很开心。
——Same here. I’ll see you. 我也是。再见。
6. Thanks anyway.
“Thanks anyway.”这句话意为“无论如何我还是得谢谢你。”，当别人尽力要帮助你却没帮成时，你就可以用这句话表示谢意。其中anyway意为“无论如何”。也可以说“Thank you all the same.”。例如：
——Excuse me. Where’s the post office? 请问去邮局怎么走？
——Sorry, I don’t know. 对不起，我不知道。
——Thanks anyway./Thank you all the same.
无论如何我还是得谢谢你。
7. My treat.
“My treat.”这句话意为“我请客。”，一般用于口语中，属于缩略语。其中treat意为“请客；招待；款待”。例如：
——Let’s go to have lunch. My treat. 咱们去吃午饭吧。我请客。
——Really? Thank you! 真的吗？谢谢！
8. Do I have to?
“Do I have to?” 这句话意为“我非做不可吗？”，常常用来委婉地表示自己不愿意做某事。其中have to 意为“必须；不得不”。例如：
——Wash your own pants, Ken. 肯，把你自己的裤子洗了。
——Do I have to? 我非做不可吗？
——Yes! 是的！
9. A lovely day, isn’t it?
“A lovely day, isn’t it?”这句话意为“天气不错，不是吗？”，常用在口语中作为一段对话的开始，相当于“It’s a fine day today, isn’t it?”。例如：
——A lovely day, isn’t it? 天气不错，不是吗？
——Yes, it is. 是的，不错。
10. I’m very proud of you.
“I’m very proud of you.”这句话意为“我真为你感到骄傲。”，通常用来对亲近的人的成功表示祝贺。其中proud意为“骄傲的；自豪的”。例如：
——I won the ping-pong game!我赢了乒乓球比赛！
——Oh, I’m very proud of you. 哦，我真为你感到骄傲。
11. That’s good for you.
“That’s good for you.”这句话意为“不错啊。”，有“那对你有好处”的意思，是用在听到某人（将要或已经）做一件对他自己有益的事时，表示“认同”
的话。例如：
——I want to go back to school for some English.
我想回学校再学点英语。
——That’s good for you. When would you like to start?
（一）船代
Shipping agent 船舶代理
Handling Agent 操作代理
Booking Agent 订舱代理
Cargo Canvassing 揽货
FFF： Freight Forwarding Fee 货代佣金
Brokerage / Commission 佣金
（二）订舱
Booking 订舱
Booking Note 订舱单
Booking Number 订舱号
Dock Receipt 场站收据
M/F(Manifest)：a manifest that lists only cargo, without freight and charges 舱单
Cable/Telex Release 电放
A Circular Letter 通告信/通知书
PIC： Person in Charge 具体负责操作人员
The said party 所涉及的一方
On Board B/L： On Board提单
A B/L in which a carrier acknowledges that goods have been placed on board a certain vessel。Used to satisfy the requirements of a L/C Cancellation 退关箱
（三）港口
BP Base Port 基本港
Prompt release 即时放行
Transit time 航程时间 / 中转时间
Cargo availability at destination in 货物运抵目的地
Second Carrier（第）二程船
In transit 中转
Transportation hub 中转港
（四）拖车
Tractor 牵引车/拖头
Low-bed 低平板车
Trailer 拖车
Transporter 拖车
Trucking Company 车队（汽车运输公司）
Axle load 轴负荷
Tire-load 轮胎负荷
Toll Gate 收费口
（五）保税
Bonded Area 保税区 Bonded Goods(Goods in Bond)保税货物
Bonded Warehouse 保税库
Caged stored at bonded warehouse 进入海关监管
Fork Lift 叉车
Loading Platform 装卸平台
（六）船期
A Friday（Tuesday / Thursday）sailing 周五班
A fortnight sailing 双周班
A bi-weekly sailing 周双班
A monthly sailing 每月班
On-schedule arrival / departure 准班抵离
ETA ：Estimated(Expected)Time of Arrival 预计到达时间
ETB： Estimated（Expected）Time of Berthing 预计靠泊时间
ETD Estimated(Expected)Time of Departure 预计离泊时间
The sailing Schedule/Vessels are subject to change without prior notice。船期/船舶如有变更将不作事先通知
Closing Date：截止申报时间
Cut-off time：截关日
（七）费用
Ocean Freight 海运费
Sea Freight 海运费
Freight Rate 海运价
Charge / Fee（收）费
Dead Freight 空舱费
Dead Space： Space in a car, truck, vessel, etc., that is not utilized 亏舱
Surcharge / Additional Charge 附加费
Toll 桥/境费
Charges that are below a just and reasonable level 低于正当合理的收费
Market Price Level 市场价水平
Special Rate 特价
Rock Bottom Price 最低底价
Best Obtainable Price 市场最好价
CC Freight to Collect 到付运费
Freight Payable At Destination 到付运费
Back Freight 退货运费
Fixed Price 固定价格
Comm.Commission 佣金
Rebate 回扣/折扣
Drayage charge： made for local hauling by dray or truck 拖运费
GRI ：General Rate Increase 运价上调
SGRI ：Second General Rate Increase 第二次运价上调
GRD ：General Rate Decrease 运价下调 TGRD ：Temporary General Rate Decrease 临时运价下调
PSS ：Peak Season Surcharge 旺季附加费
Wharfage： A charge assessed by a pier against freight handled over the pier 码头附加费
THC ：Terminal Handling Charge 码头操作附加费
ORC ：Origin Receiving Charge 始发接单费
CUC ：Chassis Usage Charge 拖车运费
IAC ：Inter-modal Administrative Charge(U.S.Inland Surcharge)内陆运输附加费
DDC ：Destination Delivery Charge（目的地卸货费）
OAC： Origin Accessory Charge 始发港杂费
主要贸易术语：
(1)FCA(Free Carrier)货交承运人
(2)FAS(Free Alongside Ship)装运港船边交货
(3)FOB(Free on Board)装运港船上交货
(4)CFR(Cost and Freight)成本加运费
(5)CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight)成本、保险费加运费
(6)CPT(Carriage Paid To)运费付至目的地
(7)CIP(Carriage and Insurance Paid To)运费、保险费付至目的地
(8)DAF(Delivered At Frontier)边境交货
(9)DES(Delivered Ex Ship)目的港船上交货
(10)DEQ(Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货
(11)DDU(Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货
(12)DDP(Delivered Duty Paid)完税后交货
主要船务术语简写：
(1)ORC(Origen Recevie Charges)本地收货费用（广东省收取）
(2)THC(Terminal Handling Charges)码头操作费（香港收取）
(3)BAF(Bunker Adjustment Factor)燃油附加费
(4)CAF(Currency Adjustment Factor)货币贬值附加费
(5)YAS(Yard Surcharges)码头附加费
(6)EPS(Equipment Position Surcharges)设备位置附加费
(7)DDC(Destination Delivery Charges)目的港交货费
(8)PSS(Peak Season Sucharges)旺季附加费
(9)PCS(Port Congestion Surcharge)港口拥挤附加费
(10)DOC(DOcument charges)文件费
(11)O/F(Ocean Freight)海运费
(12)B/L(Bill of Lading)海运提单
(13)MB/L(Master Bill of Lading)船东单
(14)MTD(Multimodal Transport Document)多式联运单据
(15)L/C(Letter of Credit)信用证
(16)C/O(Certificate of Origin)产地证
(17)S/C(Sales Confirmation)销售确认书（Sales Contract)销售合同
(18)S/O(Shipping Order)装货指示书
(19)W/T(Weight Ton)重量吨（即货物收费以重量计费）
(20)M/T(Measurement Ton)尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费）
(21)W/M(Weight or Measurement ton)即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费
(22)CY(Container Yard)集装箱（货柜）堆场
(23)FCL(Full Container Load)整箱货
(24)LCL(Less than Container Load)拼箱货（散货）
(25)CFS(Container Freight Station)集装箱货运站
(26)TEU(Twenty-feet Equivalent Units)20英尺换算单位（用来计算货柜量的多少）
(27)A/W(All Water)全水路（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）
(28)MLB(Mini Land Bridge)迷你大陆桥（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）
(1)do+名词e.g. mary has done (=has written) an article. 玛丽写了一篇文章。
he will do(=draw) a large portrait of ren changxia.他要为任长霞画一幅大画像。
do computer study=study computer
do the room=clean the room
do the dishes=wash the dishes
do one’s hair=comb one’s hair
do one’s teeth=brush one’s teeth
do the fish=cook the fish
do the puzzle=work out the puzzle
do science=study science
do a comedy=act a comedy
do a concert=hear a concert
do the tower=visit the tower
do japan=visit japan
do 20 miles=travel 20 miles
do one’s guests well=serve one’s guests well
有时宾语也可用doing,并在doing前加some。
do some reading=read some books, read some pages
do some studying=study something
do some walking=walk for some time
还有do most of the talking, do some morning shopping等。
(2)have+名词 e.g. we had a long talk(=talked for a long time) last sunday. 上星期天我们进行了一次长谈。
they’re having a rest(=resting). 他们在休息。
此类结构常见的还有：have a chat, have a look at…,have a drink, have an interview, have a smoke, have a fight, have a bath, have a dream
名词前可有修饰成分，如have no respect, have no wish, have some good laughs, have one more try等。
有时意义上等于在名词前加上一个相关的动词，如：
have a lesson (class)上一节课
have an x-ray进行x光检查
have a great success取得很大成功
have a small accident出了小事故
have a headache(a flu, cold)得头疼病(流感，感冒)
have a baby生孩子
have one’s advice听从某人的建议
have a telegram收到一封电报
have an answer有了答案
(3)make+名词(相当于名词的动词含义)
e.g. the police made an examination in her room. 警察检查了她的房间。
the teacher made a clear explanation. 老师清楚地作了解释。
we made a comparison of the two articles. 我们把这两篇文章作了比较。
make an attempt=attempt make a suggest=suggest
还有make a visit参观，make a long stay住了很长时间，make another start又重新开始了，make preparations作准备，make arrangements作安排，make decisions作决定，make a choice作选择，make a map画一张地图，make tea沏茶，make an expression留下印象
(4)take+名词(相当于名词相应的动词)
e.g. he took a look at(=look at) this book. 他看了一下这本书。
i want to take a nap(=nap). 我想午休一会儿。
这类词组还有：
take a bath 洗澡
take a walk散步
take exercise进行锻炼
take an action采取行动
take an examination进行考试，进行检查
take a trip旅行
take a vacation度假
相当于“吃，喝，吸(入)”，如：
take the food, take pills, take medicine, take tea (coffee),take a glass of beer, take sugar, take a breath of fresh air,还有：take a taxi(bus, train…)坐出租车(公共汽车，火车……)
take a room要一个房间，租用一个房间
take one’s advice接受……的建议
take a job承担一项工作
take one’s degree接受……学位
take chemistry选学化学
2.with的一种用法
with之后可以加一个抽象名词，构成名词短语，作用相当于这一名词相对应的副词。
e.g. he looked at her with respect(=respectfully). 他恭敬地看着她。
she told tom the story with a smile(=smilingly). 她微笑着给汤姆讲了个故事。
he accepted the invitation with pleasure(=pleasurably). 他愉快地接受了邀请。
这类词组常见的还有：
with calmness=calmly冷静地
with curiosity=curiously好奇地
with surprise=surprisingly惊奇地
with ease=easily轻易地
with difficulty 艰难地
with amazement惊奇地
with sympathy同情地
with disapproval不满地
with fear害怕地
with delight (joy)高兴地
with envy妒忌地
with anger生气地
with efficiency有效地
with one accord voice异口同声地
with tears in one’s eyes含泪地
in+名词也可以这样用。例如：
“how did you come here?”he asked in surprise(=surprisingly).“你是怎么到这儿的?”他惊奇地问。
jack shut his eyes in fear(fearfully). 杰克害怕得闭上了眼睛。
his sister stared at him in amazement(=amazingly). 他的妹妹惊奇地看着他。
he came home in high cheerfulness(=cheerfully). 他兴高采烈地回了家。
常见的这类词组还有：
in terror害怕地
in astonishment惊奇地
in anxiety焦急地
in amazement惊奇地
in confusion大惑不解地
in alarm惊慌地
in curiosity好奇地
in great happiness非常愉快地
in a hurry急忙地
in a low voice低声地
in hatred and despair满怀仇恨和绝望地
in earnest 认真地[page]
ⅲ.同义词语辨析
1.murder, kill, massacre
(1)murder是“谋杀，杀害”的意思。英语意思是to kill unlawfully, especially on purpose。
e.g. the bandits murdered the man for his money. 歹徒为了谋取他的钱而杀害了他。
every two hours someone was murdered. 每两个小时就有一人被谋杀。
(2)kill用于因凶器或在非常事故中死亡的场合。英语的意思是cause to die。
e.g. his father was killed in a railway accident. 他父亲在一次火车事故中身亡。
only a few people were killed in the earthquake. 地震中只有少数人死亡。
he killed him with a spear. 他用矛刺死了他。
kill还可作“使……难受之极，使……极其尴尬，使失去，消磨(时间)”解。
e.g. my back killed me. 我的背非常难受。
it killed him to admit he is wrong. 承认他错了使他感到极为尴尬。
the joy killed the audience. 这个玩笑让观众笑得要死。
the train was late, so we killed time by playing cards. 火车晚点了，我们就打牌消磨时间。
(3)massacre“大屠杀”，英语意思是to kill a number of people without mercy。
e.g. when the soldiers captured the town, they massacred all the inhabitants. 当敌兵占领这座城市后，他们屠杀了城里的所有居民。
另外，表示“为……而献出生命”的同义词组有：
devote one’s life to…
dedicate one’s life to…
give one’s life for…
lay down one’s life for…
lose one’s life for…
另外还有一些词组可以用来表示“死”，但此用法较委婉：
(sb.) pass away; one’s heart stop beating forever;
(sb.) sleep peacefully; those who have fallen;
(sth.) cost sb. his life; sb.is dead and gone;
(sb.) be in heaven for some time
2.ask for, require, demand
(1)ask for指要求得到具体的物质的东西，普通用词。也可用ask sb.to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，语气较客气。
e.g. he asked for some money. 他让了一些钱。
he asked his mother to wake him at six in the morning. 他让他母亲早上六点叫醒他。
i asked that i (should be) was allowed to see her. 我请求允许我看望她。
(2)require“要求，有必要”,语气不如demand强，一般强调从需要、规章、惯例出发，要求别人做某事，含有客观上必要的，缺此不可的性质。
e.g. he has done all that was required of him. 凡需要他做的他都做了。
how many days will be required to finish this work? 完成这项工作需要多少天?
(3)demand“要求，需要”,指坚持要得到某物或坚持要做某事，用于人时，通常表示提出要求的一方认为他们有权这样做，语气较强烈，有时带有强制的意味;用于物时，指一般的“需要”，这时可和require, want, need等词互换。
e.g. the iraqi people demanded that the usa soldiers should get out of iraq.
伊拉克人要求美国兵从伊拉克撤退。
all his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights. 整个一生他都认为如果人民没有权利的话，要求社会变革是正确的，而且是必要的。
the work demands(=requires, wants, needs, etc,) great skill. 这个工作需要熟练的技巧。
ⅳ.能力训练
1.同义句转换
他们把黑人作为奴隶对待。
(1)they ______ blacks as slaves.
(2)they ______ blacks as slaves.
(3)they ______ blacks as slaves.
(4)they ______ blacks as slaves.
(5)they ______ ______blacks as slaves.
(6)they ______ blacks as slaves.
(7)they ______ blacks ______ ______ slaves.
The act of selling and buying stocks almost instantaneously in order to increase or decrease book value.
几乎同时出售及买入股票以提高或减低账面价值的行为
CSI计算机安全研究所
Computer Security Institute=CTD
最便宜可交割
Cheapest-to-deliver.The acceptable Treasury security with the highest implied repo rate;the rate that a seller of a futures contract can earn by buying an issue and then delivering it at the settlement date.
由于债券期货常以事实上并不存在的概念性债券为标的资产, 而交割时需要的却是实物形态的债券, 所以, 在期货合同中可以根据列明的实物债券和每一种债券的价格系数来选用那种最便宜可交割的债券, 这对于债券期货的卖方是有利的。
cum dividend附股息
When a buyer of a security is entitled to receive a dividend that has been declared, but not paid.
买家买入的证券有权收取已经公布但未派发的股息
cum rights附带股权
Buyer has the same rights to purchase new share as the current shareholders.
指股东直接按照现行持有股票的比例获得公司新发行股票的权利。
cumulative adj.累计的
An arrangement in which a payment not made when due is carried over to the following period.
安排到期未付款项转移到下一期。
cumulative dividend累积股利
A dividend paid on cumulative preference shares, that the company is liable for in the next payment period if not satisfied in the current payment period (i.e.the dividends accumulate) .
对企业的限制, 旨在确保公司在向普通股股东派息前支付优先股息。是指企业对累积优先股尚未实际支付的红利, 且必须在普通股股利发放之前支付。
cumulative interest累计支付利息
The total amount charged as interest on a loan or mortgage to a certain date.
到某个日期为止, 对某个贷款或抵押贷款收取的利息总额。
cumulative preferred stock累积优先股
Preferred stock on which dividends accrue in the event that the issuer does not make timely dividend payments.Dividends not paid in any year must be made up in a later year before any profits can be distributed to common stocks.
是指股利因企业该年度盈余不足未能按年发放, 则日后若有超额盈余时, 将过去未发的累积股利一并发放的优先股。
cumulative total return累计总回报
Actual, non-annualized performance over a given period of time.
给定时期的实际非年度化的收入。
cumulative voting累计投票
This method of voting is intended to create adequate representation of minority shareholders.Cumulative voting allows shareholders to aggregate their votes in favor of fewer candidates than there are slots available.
公司董事投票的程序, 每名股东的投票权相等于每股一票乘以需要选出董事的数目。这个方法有时也称为按比例投票。
curb v.交易控制
A temporary restriction in trading, in a particular security, usually to reduce dramatic price movements.Also called trading curb.
对特定证券贸易的暂时限制, 通常是为了降低价格的剧烈波动。也叫贸易控制。
curb trading场外交易
Trading that occurs outside of general market regulations, commonly through computers or telephones after the official exchanges have closed.
是指在交易所闭市后, 有些期货商品交易发生在交易所的街道上, 因而起名为路边贸易。
curbs in控制开始生效
The term used to describe when trading curbs are in effect.
术语, 用以描述控制开始生效。
curbs out控制停止
The term used to describe when trading curbs are no longer in effect.
术语, 用以描述控制不再有效。
cure period修复期
A provision in a contract allowing a defaulting party to fix the cause of a default, for example a repayment grace period.
多谢！—— Thanks a lot.
对不起，麻烦你。——Excuse me.
需要帮忙吗？——Can I help you？
谢谢你的帮助。——Thank you for helping me.
无论如何，我还要感谢你。——Thanks， anyway.
您好吗？——How are you？
初次见面问好。——How do you do？
很高兴见到你。——(It’s) nice to meet you.
请问您从哪来? ——Where are you from?
请问贵姓? ——Can I have your name?
我叫……。——My name is… (I’m…)
很高兴认识你。——It was a pleasure meeting you.
很高兴见到你。——Pleased to meet you.
希望再见到你。——Hope to see you again.
这是不是说我以后可以再见到你？
——Does that mean that I can see you again?
玩得快乐。——Have a good time.
祝你好运。——Good luck.
我希望没事。——I hope nothing is wrong.
怎么了？——What’s the matter?
糟糕，严重吗？——Oh， no! Is it serious?
我真为你难过。——I’m sorry for you.
（1）餐馆场景：order点菜, serve上菜, change零钱, tip小费, treat 请客（This is my treat!我请客！）, go Dutch AA制, steak牛排, cheese奶酪, sandwich 三明治, soup 汤,dessert甜品，水果（作为正餐的最后一道）, go out for dinner / dinner out 出去吃饭 snack bar 小吃街； hamburger 汉堡包, coke 可口可乐, French fries 炸薯条, dining hall, coffee shop, restaurant;cafeteria 自助餐, menu菜单, salad色拉, 凉拌生菜, dish一道菜, drink饮料, bill账单, wine, beef牛肉, sea food海味, chicken, table, juice.（2）邮局场景：stamp, envelope, package / parcel 包裹, extra postage 额外邮资, send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /发信, express mail 快件, airmail 航空信件, telegram/telegraph.（3）图书馆场景：library card;borrow;lend;keep;renew续借;bookshelf书架;novel;science fiction科幻小说；magazine;reference book参考书;librarian 图书管理员 pay a fine 交罚款 Can I help you? / What can I do for you?（4）医院及健康场景：aspirin 阿司匹林, treat/cure, take one’s temperature / blood pressure 测量体温/血压 medicine, pills / tablets药丸/药片, heart attack 心脏病, cold / flu 流感：have/catch a cold, pain, headache, stomach-ache, backache, sore-throat喉咙痛, cough, fever.（5）电话场景： The line is bad/ busy / engaged.It kept a busy line.电话占线。put through 接通电话 hold on , Hold the line, please.Hello!This is … speaking.Who’s speaking? / who is this? call/ telephone/ ring/ phone sb., give sb.a call/ ring, I’ll call back later / again.I’ll ring him / her up again.I couldn’t get through.Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.（6）酒店场景：make a reservation 预定房间, reception desk 接待处, check in 入住, check out 结帐, single room 单间, double room, suite套间, Do you have a reservation Sir?
Can I have a suite please? Can I show you your room?
Can I carry your luggage?（7）超速场景：speeding, May I see your license, please? You will be fined by $20.fine, driving license驾照（8）购物场景： department store 百货商场, shopping center 购物中心，商品信息：size;color, style, price , What color/size/kind do you want?
商品论贵贱expensive, cheap 价格论高低high, low, bargain便宜货, popular / fashionable 流行的, brand 品牌, counter 柜台, pay in cash 用现金支付, pay in check 用支票支付, shop assistant 商店营业员
（9）天气场景：bright 晴朗的, foggy有雾的, cloudy 阴天, thunder 打雷, strong/ high wind 大风, storm 风暴雨, It rains cats and dogs.(=The rain is pouring.)下着倾盆大雨。fair晴朗的, downpour倾盆大雨, shower 阵雨, clear up 天空放晴, weather in London / Seattle 意指不好的天气, weather in California 意指好天气
经常和天气相联系的情况：vacation 和 flight（航班）（be delayed/cancelled by the bad weather）（10）机场场景：flight 航班, Welcome on board 欢迎登机, check in 办理登机手续, behind schedule 晚点, take off 起飞, land降落, passport, airport, boarding gate登机入口，(11)银行场景：credit card信用卡, cash现金, cheque/check支票, change零钱，open /close a(bank)account开银行账户, wait in line排队, deposit account 定期存款账户，withdraw money 取钱。
(12)交通： traffic lights交通指示灯, crowded, rush hour交通拥挤时间, heavy/ light, traffic jam交通阻塞,(13)学校：lecture, examination, grade, playground, teacher, homework, course, subject, lesson, campus校园, be absent from class/school缺席, dormitory, hand in homework, professor, major专业 ask for leave请假，headmaster, headteacher.(14)价钱：one dollar=100cents，a pound=100pennies, penny便士，at a discount打折扣，减价，on sale廉价出售, half price, bargain廉价货，讨价还价, double, dozen, a third that price 1/3(15)时间：weekday, at noon, dawn(break)黎明, day break, midnight午夜12点, a quarter, Children’ Day, April Fool’s Day, Christmas Day, New Year’s Eve, entire, before long 不久之后, century=100 years, an hour and a half behind schedule 退后一个半小时
（16）人物关系：boss& secretary/office clerk/employee
(type, copy, office)
A couple= husband and wife
(honey, darling, dear)
Colleague= fellow worker；co-workers同事
interviewer& interviewee
porter & customer搬运工与顾客, policeman& a passer-by(17)常见的同义词：holiday=vacation, company=firm, walk=on foot, plane= flight=air=airplane, autumn=fall，Watch TV-channel, TV series, news, TV program, cartoon，Publishing house出版社-editor(18)描述人物的形容词及听力中常见的形容词：
Reliable可靠的, dependable, honest, out-going=sociable好交际的, enthusiastic热情的, delighted, awful可怕的，糟糕的, fantastic奇异的，荒诞的, marvelous不可思议的，绝妙的。(19)颜色：pink, purple, brown, white, yellow, green, blue, red.(20)地点：drugstore药店, grocery杂货店, garage车库, studio摄影室、录音室, parking area/lot停车点, travel agency旅行社, department store, the barber’s理发店, the dentist’s牙科诊所, gas station加油站, laundry洗衣店
(21)其他：turn off, turn on, turn down,=refuse, volume音量, put off=delay，Cancel=call off, give sb.a lift让某人搭便车, pick sb.up接sb., power failure停电, furniture, wedding, opening ceremony, staff全体员工, suitcase手提箱, souvenir纪念品，I can’t agree more=I agree非常同意, box office售票处, subway/underground, receptionist 招待员；接待员，get sth done=have sth done 车站用语：railway station, round trip, single trip, sleeping car等
reserve/reservation, reception/receptionist/reception ,desk,register/registration/book 名词：rent, style, reservation, conference, grades, return flights, accommodation, details, destination, flat/apartment, section, a king’s room, shower, deadline, 动词：reserve, spare, register, sign, appreciate, 形容词：available, amazing, scaring, boring, incredible, grand, extra, awful, digital, punctual, 副词：definitely, down, though, slightly, 词组：check out, start off, look into, now that, in a long run, on behalf of, bound for, apart from, tour/scenic spots, take/leave a message, drop in on/at, put sb.at ease, drop sb.off, in stock, 句型：1.Then all set 2.Take your time.3.Anything but cheap.4.No wonder…
5.It’s a deal.6.You’re kidding.7.Can we make it…? 8.That’s the way it is.9.It depends.10.It’s not intended for scientists, either.考点 1 数字记录与计算
主要考查的知识点：①基数词、序数词、分数、百分数。②价格、比例。③年代、日期、时刻。④路程、距离。⑤具体的编号数，如街道、楼层、房间、电话号码、航班等。复习重点：①要掌握时间的几种表达法：half past six，a quarter to two，nine twenty，after before，early late，delay等。②以 teen结尾的数词与以 ty结尾的数词的读音和意义的辨别。③辨清以 th结尾的序数词与其对应的基数词，如：sixth six。④快速记录多个数字，并用加、减、乘、除计算一些数据；熟悉计算题中常出现的表达法：half，double，twice，one third，percent，a pair dozen score，dollar，pound，cent，penny，10 each for3 tickets，at a 30% discount（打七折），one third off the normal price（打七折），more than，less than。考点 2 判断地点和方位
主要考查的知识点：①对话中涉及几个地点，并根据地点提问。②对话中没有出现具体的地点名称，要求考生根据对话中出现的显示特定场所的词来猜测说话人在什么地方谈话。③事物之间的地理位置及方位关系。
复习重点：①熟悉特定的场景用语和关键词，如：餐馆（restaurant）用语：menu，bill，order，tip，hamburger，sandwich，soup，dish，beer，soft drink，book a table（预定桌位），dessert（甜点），delicious等；宾馆（hotel）用语：luggage，single room，double room，room number，room key，check in，check out等；医院（hospital）用语：take medicine，temperature，pill，headache，fever，blood pressure等；邮局（post office）用语：mail，post，deliver，stamp，envelope，package，airmail，telegram 等；机场（airport）用语：flight，take off，land，luggage，delay等；火车站（railway station）用语：round trip，single trip，sleeper等；商店（store）用语：on sale，size，color，price，change（零钱）等；学校（school）用 语：professor，exam，course，dining hall，playground 等；图 书 馆（library）用语：librarian，magazine，library card，fine，renew 等。银行（in the bank）用语：cash，check，open an account，saving，withdraw，interest，draw out等。②熟悉方位的词语和表达方法，如：in the east of，to the east of，on the east of。
考点 3 判断人物及其关系
常见的人物之间的关系有：doctor-patient waiter waitress-customer secretary-boss shop assistant-customer driver-policeman teacher professor-student husband-wife receptionist-tourist lawyer-client salesperson-customer colleague friends classmates 复习重点：①能根据对话内容和情景来确定说话者从事的职业和彼此之间的关系。②善于抓住与说话者身份或职业相关的词。如材料中出现 term exam，就有可能有 teacher professor出现，或者人物间有 teacher professor-student的关系；对话中提到 buy change，就该有 salesman或 salesgirl；夫妻对话会用 dear darling；父母对孩子说话可能会有 listen等词。③对话中涉及多人，则要理清人与人之间的关系。
考点 4 细节把握及指令辨认
对话中为了说明主旨和要义，需要一些具体的信息加以辅佐或补充说明。因此，在考查中除了时间、地点、人物关系等之外，还会考查对一些细节的分辨和对主旨的把握。这类题目要求在把握主线的前提下，能捕捉到有用的信息。
复习重点：①细节性的信息多，做题难度较大，应首先浏览题干和选项，做到心中有数，在听的过程中做到有的放矢。②做指令性题型应善于速记，可用“→”表方向，用字母代单词等一些速记符号对听到的内容做好记录。③如果是独白，要学会利用选择项预测文章的内容。④一定要听好第一句和最后一句。
考点 5 推理、判断和归纳
任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，但说话者的态度看法及独白中的主旨有时则比较隐蔽，需要自己去推测、判断和归纳。
复习重点：①能判断说话者的观点和弦外之音。②注意说话者用语气、语调的变化来表现对某人、某事或对另一言行的好恶、赞成与否等情绪变化。③说话者的建议、决定或打算等行为。④弄清事情的因果关系。⑤归纳时要把双方谈话的内容联系起来考虑，注意对话的完整性。
车站用语：railway station, round trip, single trip, sleeping car等；
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