【写作素材】托福写作中的常用谚语（精选12篇）
No matter how impartial you want to be, a self-evaluation is biased. It incorporates points that are not relevant to the performance you gave. For example, you may think you did excellent given your limited practice time or great amount of stress, but your audience is unaware of these factors. The viewers only evaluate what they see, which is a far more accurate measure of a presentation. A self-evaluation may also ignore issues that were “just accidents.” However, such points may reallybe important detractors that need to be addressed.
People in the audience also provide insight into the big picture. They only have time to note specific glaring details or outstanding highlights. Otherwise, their feedback gives you the overallimpression of the performance, which is something intangible and essential to the presentation’ssuccess. If you compare the feedback of several observers, you can isolate the main patterns. As a result, you can understand the most important parts that need changed. If you only refer to a video on your own, you may get caught up changing minor details rather than addressing the key elements that are needed to alter the overall flow or lasting effect.
Finally, classmates or colleagues may identify things you take for granted such as mannerisms, repeated words, or even problems with visual aids. One example is a teacher who gave a presentation using an old slide projector that kept jamming. The teacher apologized when that happened and kept going with the lecture. He had no idea how distracting it was, to the point that students remembered joking about which slide would get stuck next better than they remembered the content. The teacher, however, was so used to fixing the projector that he barely noticed it. The feedback showed him the value of replacing his visual aids with newer equipment, an issue he had never considered was important.
Since an audience gives you honest evaluations of the overall impression of a presentation and identifies points you may not see on your own, it is important to get feedback from people in the audience in order to improve your presentations.
spectator critiques 旁观者的评论
in an honest, unbiased way 以诚实、公正的方式
a far more accurate measure of a presentation 对报告或展示一种更为准确的评价
provide insight into the big picture 洞察全局
glaring details 明显的细节
outstanding highlights 突出的亮点
visual aids 视觉辅助
一.积累文言文中的名句名段, 增加作文的文采。
文言文中有大量的名句名段, 学生如果能够将这些语句恰当地运用到作文中去, 将会增加作文的文采。教师可以选择一些典型的句子, 鼓励学生结合作文主题情况灵活使用。苏轼的《赤壁赋》中写景 的句子非常多:“清风徐来, 水波不兴”“白露横江, 水光接天”; 又如欧阳修《伶官传序》中表达忧患意识的名句:“忧劳可以兴国, 逸豫可以亡身。”“祸患常积于忽微, 而智勇多困于所溺。”教师在教授这些文言文时就可以提醒学生注意并熟记这些文言警句, 同时做好课后的分类整理工作, 且在作文评讲时将学生选用的文言名句进行交流展示, 共同积累, 培养学生运用文言名句的兴趣。
二.积累文言文中的典型人物, 丰富作文的素材。
高中生写作文以议论文为主, 不过学生的论据积累是有限的, 而在文言文当中, 就有很多典型的人物和故事能够成为我们写作的优良论据。
如以“司马迁”为例, 他忍辱负重、坚持不懈, 严谨求实地完成了精妙绝伦的《史记》, 由此在教学中可以从以下两个角度来引导学生积累素材: (1) 司马迁撰写史记, 态度严谨认真, 实录精神是其最大的特色。汉朝的历史学家班固说, 司马迁“其文直, 其事核, 不虚美, 不隐恶, 故谓之实录”。也就是说, 他的文章公正, 史实可靠, 不空讲好话, 不隐瞒坏事, 这便高度评价了司马迁的科学态度和《史记》的记事的真实性。从中可 以引申出的适用话题就有“诚实”与“责任”。 (2) 一个人, 无论遇到多大的打击与挫折, 只要精神不倒, 一切都可以继续。《史记》是司马迁用一生的精力, 忍受了肉体和精神巨大痛苦的泣血之作, 鲁迅曾赞曰“史家之绝唱, 无韵之离骚”。适用话题如“坚强”、“意志”、“忍辱”、“心灵选择”等。还比如以 《太史公自序》为蓝本, 可以论证“逆境与人才”、“人生的价值”、“选择”等话题。就此而言, 教师可以引导学生对文言文中的一些人物故事进行分类整理, 鼓励学生在写作中加以充分运用。
三.学习文言文中的写作方法, 提高写作的技巧。
在平时的教学过程中, 很多教师会从鉴赏的角度向学生介绍一些作品的写作特色, 如果教师在此时能把课文讲解和写作结合起来, 让学生从中汲取经验, 然后逐步运用到自己的写作中去, 就会取得事半功倍的效果。 (1) 学习文言文中的抒情方法。学生在写记叙文时, 往往不注意抒情, 缺少一条情感线, 而明代文学家归有光的《项脊轩志》则给了我们一个很好的借 鉴。作者在文中善于抓住生活中的典型细节和场面, 运用委婉动人的语言, 寥寥数笔, 就使人物形神毕肖。文中写祖母的段落尤为出色。作者抓住了祖母看望和勉励孙儿的一个感人场面来抒写, 令人动容。作者用亲人的一举一动, 一言一语, 造成至情至真的氛围与情调。再如写老妪述说母亲的往事, “儿寒乎?欲食乎?”, 这看似平淡、平凡的回忆, 都饱含着作者对至亲刻骨铭心的哀思, “令人长号不自禁”。 (2) 学习文言文惊心动魄的情节叙写和刻画人物的艺术方法。高中生写记叙文往往不能很好地处理情节和人物之间的关系, 而《史记》在这方面则堪称典范。比如 《鸿门宴》之所以扣人心弦, 就在于其尖锐复杂的戏剧化冲突, 以及在这种高度集中的矛盾中所凸显出来的千差万别的人物性格。
什么叫例子
什么是例子？你也许会说：“这个问题还用问吗？不就是我们生活中的经历吗？”然而，当你真的拿起笔，打算从个人的生活经历入手写一篇托福作文时，却常常发现无法在短短的30分钟内写出一篇例证充实的文章。于是，我们又开始思考那个“不用问”的问题：什么叫例子？
《柯林斯高级英语学习词典》对example这个词作出了如下解释：“An example of something is a particular situation, object or person which shows that what is being claimed is true.”(例子是用于证明某种观点正确的特定情况、物体或者人物。)可见，考生只用自己的生活经历作为例子去证明观点是远远不够的，因为每个人的经历有限，而且各不相同，不具有很强的说服力。需要指出的是，《柯林斯高级英语学习词典》对于example释义里出现的object一词的注释也值得我们思考：“An object is anything that has a fixed shape or form, that you can see or touch, and that is not alive.”(物体是指任何有固定形态的事物，可以看到或者触摸的事物，或者无生命的事物。)它启示我们，写作时应该写“看得见、摸得着”的东西，要做到这一点，考生就要对论据细致分类，并尽量将话题中出现的与主题相关的关键名词“具体化”，这样文章的内容自然就充实了。考官看到你的文章中没有废话，也就爽快地给分了，至于你写不写for example、for instance、to cite a dramatic instance、nothing is more proper than this observation之类的套话，则无关紧要。下面笔者就介绍两种写例证段的技巧。
分类举例法
托福写作考查的题材大致有15类，具体包括教育(education)、科学技术(technology)、媒体(media)、成功(success)、工作(work)、政府(government)、友谊(friendship)、代沟(generation gap)、交通(transportation)、环境(environment)、金钱(money)、休闲活动(leisure)、家庭(family)、动物(animals)以及食品(food)。
下面我们以“学生是否应该上历史课”这一教育话题为例，说一说分类举例法的运用。之所以选择这道题，是因为笔者认为在托福写作的教育类话题中，这个题目比较难写，很多考生遇到这道题都会陷入无话可说的境地。在这种情况下，笔者建议考生利用分类举例法来展开例证和写作。在具体写作时，考生可按照以下三个步骤进行：①选择自己的立场，这里我们以“支持学习历史”为例；②把话题的关键词“历史”这个词具体化，比如，考生可以谈论学习文化史、美术史、文学史等不同学科历史时分别有哪些收获；或者谈论在学习殖民地历史、南北战争历史、二战历史等不同时期的历史时分别有哪些收获；还可以选择诸如西进运动、马拉松战役等著名历史事件来展开论证；③在结尾再次呼应主题，重申自己的立场，即应该学习历史。下面请看一篇学生的习作：
I believe that students are supposed to take history classes. For one thing, by learning the American colonial history, they gradually understand how their forefathers, with perseverance and fortitude (坚韧), built colonial settlements in Plymouth and Massachusetts. For another thing, through studying the historical facts about the American Civil War, they know that it is during this war that blacks were saved out of poverty and imprisonment and saw the dawn of freedom and liberty. Similarly, the Second World War tells them how courageously America recovered from the raid on the Pearl Harbor and how dauntlessly it fought against Japan. To sum up, it is important for students to learn history,because by learning history they can know not only how a great nation comes into being, but also how it becomes a democratic country and most important of all, how it rises from hardship and then marches toward prosperity.
从语言角度来看，这篇作文只是处于一般水平，使用的句型也比较单一。但是这个段落整体上看着还不错，考生的得分也不会低，为什么呢？主要有以下四个方面的原因：①文章首尾句的观点一致，都表示“支持学生学习历史”；②文章将话题的关键词“历史”具体化，通过列举学习殖民地历史、美国内战历史和第二次世界大战历史，从不同侧面论证了学习历史的好处，即了解一个国家的成长，看到黑人境地的改变，以及国家如何摆脱危机、走向兴盛；③用词虽然一般，但是这位考生使用了关联词来串联不同的例子，如for one thing、for another thing、similarly等，使得文章结构比较清晰；④没有语法和单词拼写错误。从这篇习作中我们可以看出，分类举例法和将关键名词“具体化”对考生打开写作思路非常有帮助。
人物举例法
写例证段的另一个技巧是采用人物举例法，考生可以在写作时选择体育界、商界等领域的名人作为文章的例子，以使自己的论证具有说服力。一般来说，使用人物举例法有两个优势：一是写作素材比较好找，二是可以使用丰富的句子结构。
之所以说使用人物举例法时写作素材好找，是因为我们无需了解这些人艰辛的奋斗历程或者激烈的心理活动，只需要了解他们在哪个领域从事什么工作、有什么职务或者获得过什么荣誉就可以了，比如：姚明是NBA火箭队的球星，刘翔获得过奥运会冠军、打破过世界记录，比尔·盖茨是视窗系统的开发人以及微软公司的创始人等。在使用人物举例法时，笔者建议考生多列举当代人物，而少列举牛顿、爱因斯坦、海明威等历史名人，因为列举那些名人存在一定的困难：第一，由于日常接触较少，考生可能不知道如何用英语表达这些历史人物的成就；第二，这些历史人物的姓名不容易拼写。
人物举例法的另一个优势是可使用的句子结构丰富，例如可以广泛使用虚拟语气、排比句等结构。这里笔者以虚拟语气为例进行说明。虚拟语气是个很难把握的语法现象，种类繁多、句式多样，是英语学习的难点，但是用它进行举例却是最为有效的。比如，虚拟语气中有一个结构是“If it had not been for …, we could not have done …” (如果不是因为……, 我们便不可能……)。这个句型还有个“简装版”，即“But for …, we could (not) have done …”。当我们举例说明“勤奋很重要”时，就可以首先用人物引出例证框架，比如：“Take Liu Xiang for example.”然后用“But for diligence”点明主题，最后接上“he would not have won a champion in the Olympic Games.”如此看来，这个句型简直就是为例证写作“量身定做”似的！举例法还有很多其他漂亮的常用表达，比如for the sake of (为了)、by virtue of (由于，因为)等，考生在考试时也可以根据自身情况加以应用。
为什么要使用分类举例法和人物举例法
对于例证段的写作来说，比较传统的写法就是使用for example或for instance的结构，然而这种结构对于考生写作能力的要求并不低。一般而言，例证段写作的基本格式为：①在段首设置主题句；②在主题句的后面以for example引出例子；③进行事实描述。这个格式看起来很简单，其中却隐含着巨大的挑战。例证的写法对写作规范要求较多，进行事实描述时，要求对时间、地点、人物关系等都进行具体的描述。对于一个英语基础薄弱、没有形成写作思路的考生而言，既要找例子证明观点，还要进行架构组织，其难度可想而知。这就是为什么考试时，很多考生写完for example之后，后面就无话可说了。
Finally, the professorstates that,in support of the reading,.....Specifically,.....This perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicats because
support的单词：enhance, uphold, corrobo,to back, justify, to substantiate, to advance
Travel is more than the seeing of sights; it is a change that goes on, deep and permanent, in the ideas of living.
艺术
Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reactions of his personality to the world he lives in.
Art is the collaboration between God and the artist, and the less the artist does the better.
Art is born of the observation and investigation of nature.
Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once he grows up.
摄影
Photography, fortunately, to me has not only been a profession by also a contact between people – to understand human nature and record, if possible, the best in each individual.
音乐
Music has charms to soothe the savage beasts, to soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak.
音乐的魅力能感化凶残，软化岩石，还能柔化多节的橡树。
My heart, which is so full to overflowing, has often been solaced and refreshed by when sick and weary.
我无比充实的心灵总是能在它悲伤和疲倦的时候因为音乐而重获快乐和活力。
I think I should have no other mortal wants, if I could always have plenty of music. It seems to infuse strength into my limbs and ideas into my brain. Life seems to go on without effort, when I am filled with music.
Develop interest in life as you see it; in people, things, literature, music – the world is so rich, simply throbbing with rich treasures, beautiful souls and interesting people.
Fashion
A fashion is nothing but an induced epidemic.
Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to alter it every six months.
休息
o …,therefore… 因此
o …,which … 引导定语从句，修饰前面的主句
o Eventhough…,… 尽管… , …
o Since/as… 因为...，...
o …instead of… ...而不是...
中级连词
o As amatter of fact = in fact 事实上
o Indeed确实， ... ...
o Obviously/ apparently 显而易见的，...
o Evenif 即使
托福写作的题材涉及面很广，不过很多都是跟我们的生活息息相关的事物和现象，所以我们可以在托福写作备考的时候抓住一些易考点搜集托福写作素材，一旦考到类似的作文题目，也有话可谈。
下面，我们就来积累一写“关于网络”的托福写作素材。
1.网络的作用
The technology revolution is upon us.In the past, there have been many triumphs in the world of technology.To this date, people are able to communicate over thousands of miles with the greatest of ease.The Internet connects nearly 400 million users worldwide and is an essential part of how we work, play, communicate, and conduct commerce.We use the Internet in ways that seemed unimaginable in the past.2.互联网使用的四大障碍
local information barriers
literacy barriers
language barriers
cultural diversity barriers
3.网络的好处
The Internet provides convenience for people to learn at home.Internet based training gas become a common business tool used to gain advancements in current jobs.Tutoring over the Internet is also available.Business on the Internet is a growing technology.Business on the Internet has no geographic boundaries;it has access to more consumers.Approximately 150 businesses join the Internet every day.There is less labor force needed and it is open 24 hours a day.The Internet is also a bigger and cheaper way to advertise.In the past 20 years, the Internet has changed a number of areas in society, especially the business world.In the last 40 years, the Internet has gone from a method of defense communication for the government, to a business venture for an entrepreneur or a fortune 500-company.The Internet is a way for gaining consumers, products and capital for a business.In a world of light-speed data transmission, any individual with little training and expertise can make a fortune from the
Internet.Many companies, like Amazon.com or eBay, thrive from business done through Internet transactions.4.网络的危害
data leakage
virus infringe one’s privacy
national security
censorship
The Internet has many great uses, but, as anything else, negative things can be done there as well.The beauty of the Internet is that it is so large that it’s nearly impossible to keep track of what bad things everyone is doing.A few examples are someone can steal a cell phone and then by using the Internet, they can reprogram the telephone to work off someone’s account and not be traced.Other examples are the pirates of software.Someone can get a program that Microsoft sells for about one thousand dollars for free and it can’t be traced.There is another fact that nearly anything can be traded online, like drugs, weapons such as high power guns, bombs, and the list for these items goes on and on.One of the worst things that
the police really want to get their hands on is Child Pornography.It is not so hard to keep track of when people had to go out and hand deliver this stuff, but through the Internet the scum who partake in this don’t have to leave their homes.A big problem is the fact that underage kids can see what they are not meant to.This does not just end up back at porn though;there are images of extreme violence on humans and animals.5.技术提高了人类生存条件还是恶化了人类生存条件
Philosophical debates have arisen over the present and future use of technology in society, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it.Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar movements criticize the pervasiveness of technology in the modern world, claiming that it harms the environment and alienates people;proponents of ideologies such as trans-humanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition.Indeed, until recently, it was believed that the development of technology was restricted only to human beings, but recent scientific studies indicate that other primates and certain dolphin
communities have developed simple tools ad learned to pass their knowledge to other generations.6.科技对家庭的影响
酷评：
这个翻译版本是我见过的所有版本里最好的，既准确地译出了中国人对原文的理解，又最大程度地保留了“味道”，甚至读音上的美感也有相似之处!如果你将这个英文句子有节奏地读出来，就会发现它特别朗朗上口。关键就在于这个“acknowledge”，用得太赞太绝妙了。“acknowledge”补充了中文里“隐藏”的“承认”这个意思，而且这个词和后面的“knowledge”还压着韵!这么一来，这个句子就有哲理又有乐趣，很有流行成motto的潜质哦。
使用提示：
适用于各种涉及到“诚实”或“学习”的话题。例如：
1、托福写作题目“是否应该永远对他人诚实”：可以通过这句话来支持学生应该永远诚实对待老师。
2、托福写作题目“严厉对待学生是否是好的教学方式”：可以用这句话来反驳严厉对待学生，因为学生出于恐惧可能无法做到“不知为不知”。
二、“饭疏食饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。”
酷评：
必须承认，这句话的亮点在于最后一句：“于我如浮云”(to me as a floating cloud)。“浮云”一词几年前随着网络流行起来，已经成了大家都接受的一个名词;它在网上的意思和孔子当年说出的意思大致也是一致的，都指那些看上去重要，其实只是过眼云烟的事情。“浮云”按照字面意思翻译看来并无问题，老外一定也懂这种感觉，不过有的版本用了复数形式“the floating clouds”，而我更喜欢这个单数的版本“a floating cloud”，因为“一片浮云”不仅更体现出了“富且贵”的无足轻重，而且在我看来还有种莫名的喜感。
使用提示：
对于强调感情抒发和教化国民的国内考试(如考研和四六级)，这个句子往往能够直戳兴奋点，瞬间让判卷老师high起来;对于强调思辨和逻辑的西方考试(如托福和雅思)，这个句子发挥的作用是有限的，或者说是间接的。不过虽说如此，仍然有这样的托福写作题目，似乎是专为孔圣人这句话所设计的：
托福独立写作如何避免无话可说?
关于素材，也就是文章中写点什么内容，很多考生最头疼的就是无话可说。新托福写作考察的话题包括教育、就业、个人成功、社会、家庭、环境、媒体、旅游、科技等。话题种类繁多，考生想要做到有话可写，就需要在平时多做素材的积累，比如每天看两个话题的范文，搜集出文章中的论点、论据，并用中文或者key words记录下来，形成自己的素材库，考前翻阅一下。即便是出现新题，考生也不用担心，因为平时积累的素材多了，思路就宽了，总能带来一些启发。
Over the last two decades, our lives have been slowly taken over by technology. Take a moment to look around you. How many screens do you see? Did you include the one you’re reading this on?
Our Wi-Fi-enabled gadgets have changed the way we work, play, and even raise our children. Today’s offices would be unrecognizable to workers of the past thanks to the proliferation of emails, video conferencing, tablets, laptop computers, and other relatively recent innovations. Meanwhile, more and more of our personal time is influenced by our gadgets (OK, smart phones) with each passing day.
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The novelty of constant online connections and instant communication may have begun to wear thin for older generations, but the next wave of Americans have no such qualms. Their tech-dependent lifestyles are already causing huge changes in both the professional and private spheres. The change may be inevitable…unless theWi-Fi cuts out, of course.
Our Digitized Professional Lives
As many as 79% of employees now “work on virtual teams,” be it by email, online collaboration, messaging, video conferences, or some combination of any of the above. A Pew Research study found “94% of jobholders are Internet users.” This includes full-time, part-time, and freelance workers in technology companies, big corporations, and small businesses, who work in cities, the suburbs, rural America, and everywhere in between.
For most of the last century, communicating professionally meant writing letters, sending faxes, or spending hours on the phone. Not anymore. Email is now theprimary means of communication in the modern workplace. We are communicating more, faster, and better than ever before. And employers have been reaping the benefits. A major report cited by British newspaper The Telegraph found that the incorporation of technology into the workplace has led to an “84% increase in productivity per hour for office workers since the 1970s.” The major influencers? Email, business software, and yes, even cell phones.
Technology Gets Personal
We don’t leave technology at the workplace. In fact, our private lives might beeven more tech-enabled than our professional lives. In the 1980s and 1990s, our televisions were often the height of our home technology. Some people had clunky personal computers, a Nintendo for the kids, and maybe even a telephone in their car(remember those?).
Information from the Census Bureau tells us that 15% of homes had a personal computer in 1989; by that number climbed to 75%. Now we have desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, Apple watches, GPS-enabled cars, and more coming every day. Forget unplugging after the 5 or-6 o’clock whistle blows—we plug in instead.
In fact, going without tech might trigger an existential crisis for some (that sound you hear is Albert Camus rolling over in his grave). Our technology helps us learn,date, eat, socialize, and so much more.
The only time we don’t use technology is when we are exercising flying sleeping, well, dead. For now…
A New Generation of Digital Natives
Anyone born before the advent of technology in their daily lives is considered a“digital immigrant.” Older generations invented our tech-enabled society, but thegenerations born in this millennium are the first true “digital natives.”
While the “digital rehab” programs older generations have begun using to push back against the all-consuming digital saturation are gaining traction, these programs may make as much sense to younger generations as getting up from the couch to change the channel on the TV. The genie is out of the bottle, and technology is said to have even changed the way younger generations perceive reality.
We’re assuming they perceive reality as that thing happening just beyond the horizon of their laptop, tablet, or smartphone screen (as long as someone is tweeting about it). Although it’s easy to make fun of the next generation’s digital obsession, it will soon be impossible to ignore it. The digital natives are on pace to outnumber the digital immigrants before long.
The Bottom Line
Technology is now so integrated with our lives that going without it can causesevere anxiety for some. It’s not hard to see why. Technology has taken over.
Both our professional and personal lives are now technology dependent. While older generations are fighting back with unplugged retreats, the next wave of Americans can’t picture their lives without tech. They might not have anything to worry about. The future favors these digital natives.
新托福写作素材：整合学校资源
Reorganize: Resources
Resources of time, money, and facilities must be restructured. The school day should allow for more in-depth project work beyond the 45-minute period, including block scheduling of classes two hours or longer. Schools should not close for a three-month summer vacation, but should remain open for student activities, teacher development, and community use. Through the practice of looping, elementary school teachers stay with a class for two or more years,deepening their relationships with students. More money in school districtsshould be directed to the classroom rather than the bureaucracy.
New school construction and renovation should emphasize school design that supports students and teachers collaborating in teams, with pervasive access to technology. Schools can be redesigned to also serve as community centers that provide health and social services for families, as well as counseling and parenting classes.
Reality Check: The school year at the Alice Carlson Applied Learning Center, in Fort Worth, Texas, consists of four blocks of about nine weeks each. Intersession workshops allow its K-5 students time for hands-on arts, science, and computer projects or sports in addition to language arts and math enrichment.
新托福写作素材重点搭配摘抄:
deepening their relationships with students ： 加深跟学生的关系
be directed to ：转向到
指定地点 designated place
出租车司机罢工 taxi driver strike
手机叫车应用 cellphone car-hailing application
危害了某人利益 damage one’s interest
烧钱 to burn cash
抢占市场份额 to grab market share
提供高额补贴 to provide massive subsidies
大打价格战 to wage a fierce price war
新商业模式 novel business mode
使得传统的出租车行业处于劣势 to put the traditional taxi business at a disadvantage
风险资本公司 venture capital firm
私募公司 private equity firm
营销策略 market strategy
可行的商业模式 viable business model
起着决定性作用 to play a defining role
破产 to go bankrupt/go out of business
预示着互联网泡沫快胀到头了 to heralds the top of an internet bubble
公布财务报表 not publish financial statement
受到了审视 be subject to scrutiny
硅谷 silicon valley
托福写作高频话题思路拓展和实用词汇句式素材整理分享：儿童教育
托福写作热点话题常见题目分享：儿童教育
1. Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why?(小孩应该在很小的时候接受正规教育并花费大量时间在学校学习上，还是应该玩耍?)
2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.(孩子应该在可能的时候帮助做家务。同意与否?)
3. A gift (such as a camera, a soccer ball, or an animal) can contribute to a child’s development. What gift would you give to help a child develop? Why? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice.(一个礼品比如照相机，足球，或动物可以对小孩的成长有帮助，你愿意给小孩什么礼物帮助他成长?)
4. Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.(很小的小孩花费太多时间从事体育的好处和坏处?)
5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Games are as important for adults as they are for children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.(游戏对成年人和小孩子同样重要，同意与否?)
如果我们推倒老房子，就要破坏传统的文化和遗产。
2.You would miss the chance to interact with other students if youused internet at home.
假如你在家上网，你就会失去与其他同学交流的机会。
3.Once you change your present job, you will be faced with the dangerof being unemployed.
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