考研英语语法练习题（含答案）（共7篇）
A. must make B. should have made
C. would make D. could have made
2. A light with no more power than ________ by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
A. as is produced B. that produced
C. that is produced D. produced
3. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone________ what lay beneath the surface.
A. asking B. ask C. to ask D. be asked
4.Even if they are on sale, these ________refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, at the other store.
A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones
5. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.
A. are B. is C. do D. has
1. D这是一个含蓄虚拟句，意为“有些妇女完全可以不呆在家里，干一份工作挣得可观的工资，可是她们决定不工作，为的是照顾家庭”，所以选D。should have made意思是“本应该做而实际上没做”，与原句意不够贴切。
2. B相当于A light with no more power than the power that is produced by…。that代替power，表示相比较的事物，而D中没有比较对象，故不对;as表示原级比较，不与than用在一起，故A也不正确;C中缺少that的先行词，也是错误的。
3. Clet alone，“更不用说……”，在用法上相当于并列连词，因此要求填入与前面一样的结构，此处是不定式。
4. D句子要求填一个能够代替these refrigerators 的代词，故排除A、C。the others一般与另一部分相对而言，在此句中不对，所以选the ones。
经过几年的教学实践, 笔者发现学生不仅语法知识薄弱, 写作知识也很薄弱。我们都知道, 掌握好语法是写好文章的一个基本前提, 而写作也是检验学生语法是否掌握的一个有效途径。那么, 我们能不能将这两者结合起来, 探索出一个语法练习的新途径呢?经过几年的摸索, 笔者总结出语法练习课的五步教学法, 在此跟大家一起探讨。
一、I can remember (我能记)
根据认知语言学理论, 学习者在学习语言时一般都采用四种认知方法:分析 (analyzing) 、综合 (synthesizing) 、嵌入 (embedding) 和配对 (matching) 。将这种理论与语法学习联系起来我们不难发现, 学生要会使用一个语法规则, 起码脑子里面要有一定的语法知识来供他们“配对”。因此, 能记住一些语法规则是会使用它们的前提。当然, 这里并不是说要让学生死记硬背所有的语法规则, 而是说要让他们对这些规则有个大致的掌握, 能暂时记住其中的大部分内容。至于怎样才能将它们记牢固, 并且会活学活用, 就要依靠接下来的练习。因此, 在每堂语法练习课上笔者都会首先设置一个“我能记”的环节, 即与学生一起回顾一下上一堂课所学的语法知识, 为接下来的练习做好准备。
二、I can do (我会做)
学习是一个循序渐进的过程。要检测学生将语法规则掌握得怎样, 我们不能一下子就拿高考题给他们做, 而是应该先通过一些简单的练习题来巩固他们头脑中已有的知识, 同时也能给他们继续学下去的信心。如学完名词性从句以后, 我们就可以通过以下这种简单的填空题来让学生巩固练习that的省略:
1.That he would not attend the meeting made us upset.
2.He made it clear (that) he would not attend the meeting.
3.He said that he would not attend the meeting.
三、I can write (我会写)
学习语法规则从来就不是用来解题的。我们之所以要学习语法, 主要是要会在日常生活中使用这些规则, 即要能写出符合语法规范的句子, 读得懂文章, 在口语交际中能让对方听得懂自己说的话。因此, 语法练习课的一个重要形式就是“I can write”。在这个过程中, 可以根据教学内容以及学生的基础不同来设置不同的任务。如在学完一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时这样一组过去时态以后, 对于英语基础比较薄弱的班级, 就可以设置这样一个情景要求学生写一篇小作文:
你和你的同学正在操场上踢足球, 突然天下起了毛毛雨。你的朋友李华因为不小心摔断了脚踝。你和同学以及老师一起把他送到了医院。在他住院期间你们给与了他很多的照顾。请以此为话题, 写一篇80-100词的作文。要求特别注意时态的运用。
为了降低写作的难度, 老师还可以提供一些key words, 如“下毛毛雨” (drizzle) 、“脚踝” (ankle) , 等等。针对英语基础较好的班级, 我们可以直接让他们写一件他们感兴趣的事情, 或是写一篇日记, 字数同样在80-100词左右。学生在叙述这些故事的过程中不可避免地要用到与过去有关的这一系列时态。因此, 他们通过写这篇小作文就巩固了对这些过去时态的掌握。
值得注意的是, 由于这篇作文是学生现场写的, 后面还要进行现场批阅, 所以写作的时间应控制在15分钟之内, 并且话题不能太难, 要让学生有话可说。另外, 因为这篇作文是作为一项语法练习布置的, 所以作文的话题一定要便于巩固这节课重点训练的语法知识, 并且要引导学生注意语法规则的使用。只有这样, 才能做到有针对性的训练, 起到巩固学生所学语法知识的目的。学生在写作的过程中可以不断地“查漏补缺”, 巩固所学知识, 并发现、解决新的问题。
四、I can correct (我能改)
在以往的作文批改中, 老师往往包揽了所有的工作, 将学生文章中的所有错误都仔细地订正。这种做法耗时耗力, 并且在将作文本发下去之后学生往往都没有去看, 或者根本就看不懂自己错在哪里, 为什么会错。新课程理念强调在学习的过程中应该以学生为中心, 让学生自己发现并解决问题, 而老师只是在旁边进行引导和答疑, 起引导者和辅助者的作用, 而不是“教”“学”兼顾。因此, 在学生将上面提到的小作文写好以后, 可以让学生以小组为单位相互批改。主要是要求他们依照本节课语法练习的重点, 相应地指出对方作文中的语法错误并予以订正。这对学生来说又是一个巩固练习的机会。因为他们只有自己掌握好了, 才能指出别人的错误。同时, 在帮别人指出错误的过程中, 学生都能获得一种成就感。这一项练习能极大地激起学生的兴趣, 从而将语法练习变得生动有趣。
五、I can explain (我会解)
在学生相互批改的过程中, 为了不打断他们的思路, 也为了鼓励他们自己发现问题, 老师不能在旁边帮助学生指出错误。那是不是意味着在这个过程中老师就无事可做呢?当然不是。学生毕竟是学生, 面对着一些复杂的语法规则, 他们可能暂时能记, 能做简单的练习, 但在运用的过程中往往会犯错, 并不能轻易地发现这些错误。因此, 在学生批改的过程中, 老师应该在旁边仔细观察, 找出大多数学生都没发现的一些错误或是学生已经批改出来的一些普遍性错误, 并将它们写在黑板上。在学生相互批改完毕, 并对他们的表现进行简短的评价后, 老师可以引导他们一起思考黑板上的这些句子, 看他们错在哪里, 该怎么改。在这个过程中, 学生为了展示自己, 都会很认真地思考。在得到答案后, 他们都会积极举手, 将自己的答案解释给其他同学听。这项练习充分满足了学生的表现欲, 并且又是对他们已有的语法知识的一次深化与拓展。
教师自编习题的必要性表现在以下几个方面。
第一，题海战术苦学生。许多教师追求面面俱到地复习语法，为了不放过任何一个知识点、考点而四处收集资料，把一切与复习内容相关的习题全发给学生做，使学生在庞杂的茫茫题海中苦苦挣扎、疲惫不堪。而且，教师不依学情对习题进行精心梳理，会导致学生在早已掌握的知识点上还要花很多时间重复做题，而对于自己薄弱的环节则可能没有时间巩固复习。
第二，劣质习题伤学生。商品质量有好坏之分，习题质量也有优劣，也就是教师们常说的题目出得好或不好。有些质量不高的复习资料试题陈旧，根本不能凸显新课程新课标的理念、适应素质教育的新要求；有些甚至出现知识性的错误，使学生误入歧途；还有的习题集为了凑足版面和页数，随意添加一些超纲的内容，不仅让学生越做越糊涂，也严重挫伤他们的学习信心。
第三，自编习题体现以生为本。没有一本复习资料是可以适合所有学生群体或个体的。有些习题集侧重基础知识而对好学生来说没有挑战和拔高；而有些习题集则题目偏难而使弱生的基础得不到巩固。只有教师在摸清学情的基础上自己编制的习题才能真正瞄准学生的薄弱点、易错点，有的放矢，使学生的复习活动具有更高效率和达到更好效果。
第四，编制习题锻炼教师基本功。新课程背景下对教师的角色要求不再是把手里的课本教好就可以了，而是应由传统的教书匠向集教学、科研于一身的综合业务能手转变。编制试题已经成为许多学校教师专业发展培训的必需和重要内容。照抄照搬资料上的现有习题只会使教学处于被动状态，教师只有学会研究考试命题、培养试题编制能力，才能使自身的基本专业素养得到充分锻炼和提高。
一、研究课标、考纲，提高习题编制的科学性
教师编制习题首先要明确以什么为依据出题，这个依据便是课程标准和考纲。因此教师必须认真阅读并研究《义务教育英语课程标准》和当地高中招生文化考试命题实施细则（即中考考纲），这样才能使编制的习题具有科学性。凡是两者中未涉及到的就不作为命题点。同时可作为指导性材料的还有历年中考试卷：出现频率高的知识点往往就是教材的重点和主干知识，它们也正是中考要考查的重点。教师准确把握中考命题的重点和规律才能使复习过程中的习题编制更具有效性。
二、突出语境，提高习题材料的运用性
交际法语言教学提倡语法测试要设定恰当语境，没有语境，语言结构的交际功能就不能体现。对语言知识的考查应注重学生的语言运用能力，毕竟人们都是在一定的语境中运用语言进行真实的理解与表达活动的。因此编制习题时应尽量避免纯粹、机械的语法题，而是要根据语言的实际使用情形，创设真实或接近真实语境的语言材料。例如：
_______of them has his own opinion.（C）
A. Both B. Some C.Each
这道题从谓语动词has的第三人称单数形式可以判断出答案选C，但是句子的语意不明：“他们”是谁？究竟有多少人，对于什么问题执自己的opinion？句子情境的细节不清，只是生硬地在考查语法形式，学生即使选对也不会学着运用。而下面这个例子就是语境设定比较好的：
—Which of the caps will you take？
—I’ll take______，one for my father，the other for my brother.（B）
A. Neither B.both C.all
三、丰富题型，减小单一题型的局限性
许多语法习题都是以单项选择题的形式出现的，但是单项选择题存在一定弊端，即干扰项可能会形成不正确的语言输入，给以后的教学带来不利影响。例如：
Martin’s sister is______than he.（B）
A. younger five years B.five years younger C.five younger years
在这样的题目中学生需要利用他们非常有限的语言知识进行识别，从几个选项中确定适合题目要求的一项。有些学生会在干扰项与正确答案之间思考判断，有些则会感到困惑，这时干扰项就可能变成一种语言输入。然而初中学生对英语的认识尚处于积累的过程中，需要大量正面的语言输入，如果长时间重复做一个类型的题目对学生语言学习无益，也会使学生丧失学习兴趣。因此在复习阶段教师不应为迎合中考题型而单一给学生操练语法单项选择题，而应使用其他多种检测方法，如动词填空、句型转换、改错题等。
四、收集语料，提高题干语言的准确性
教师编写习题过程中的一个主要问题便是题干的编写。教师可以自己撰写题干语句，也可以多渠道地收集地道、原汁原味的语言材料，教材、英文报刊、原版英文图书等都是很好的语料来源。例如在复习介词through、across时，笔者便选用了教材（《新目标英语》）中的两个典型句子：I’d like to trek______the jungle because I like exciting vacations.和Some students love to go on exciting trips.One student said she’d love to sail ______the Pacific Ocean.（through；across）又如笔者曾利用在英文报纸上看到的一篇关于NBA球员拜纳姆获得西部最佳球员的新闻，将其中的动词挖出空格来给学生进行动词时态和语态的练习：Los Angeles Lakers’Andrew Bynum______（enjoy）his best season on the team right now.On March 20，the 24—year—old _______（name）Western Conference Player of the Week.He_______（play） in 41 of 45 Lakers games.（答案：is enjoying；was named；has played）这样的习题不仅语言真实、准确，而且与学生的实际生活、爱好相贴近，一定程度上也能提高学生答题的兴趣。
五、利用学生错题，提高习题编制的针对性
练其所需，释其所疑，解其所难。在复习阶段，为了使学生的时间利用得更有效，教师就要有针对性地在练习中解决学生的易错点和疑难点，而不要搞题海战术，任何知识点都大量、反复地练习。教师应做一个有心人，在平时的教学或作业批改过程中多收集学生的“错误素材”，在编制习题时便可以有的放矢，着力矫正学生们的常见错误。例如笔者在学生的写作中发现大多数人不会把动词作主语时变成ing形式，于是便针对这一语言点编制习题让学生操练。
动词填空：_____loudly in public is impolite.（在公共场合大声讲话是不礼貌的。）（Talking）
______English movies helps me practice my listening skills.（看英文影片帮我练习听力。）（Watching）
单项选择：______a boat to school must be a lot more fun than____a bus！（A）
A. Taking；taking B.Take；take C.Take；taking
句子转换：I eat a balanced diet and do sports every day. So I am in good health.（合成一句）
______a balanced diet and______sports every day keeps me in good health.（Eating；doing）
正所谓“教者有心，学者得益”。在倡导教育要“以生为本”的新课程改革中，教师要积极转变观念，深入地研究教学、了解学生，认真钻研有关语言测试的理论与实践知识，逐步提高习题编制技术，从而使习题作业更加科学、合理和有效，对教学产生积极的反拔作用，在提高教学效果的同时也促进教师自身专业水平的发展。
参考文献
[1] 欧阳芬.有效教学的基本功——新课程下中小学教师试卷编制、分析、讲评技能指导.北京：世界图书出版公司北京公司，2008.
[2] 人民教育出版社.义务教育课程标准实验教科书·英语（新目标）.北京：人民教育出版社，2007.
[3] 温爱英.从学生答题情况看语法和词汇教学.中小学外语教学（中学篇），2008（2）.
[4] 武尊民.英语测试的理论与实践.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002.
[5] 周南南.结构——情景——交际模式下的初三英语自主复习.中小学外语教学（中学篇），2009（10）.
41.______ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.
a. Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call
b. Three-minute call d. A three-minute call
42.The ______ about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem.
a. public’s chief concern c. chief public concern
b. public chief concern d. chief concern of public’s43.______ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad.a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was
c. Chinese was d. The Chinese were44.______ can get a better view of the game than the participants.
a. Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who ______ at the scene of the accidents within minutes.a. were b. have been c. was d. has been46.Our livestock ______ not as numerous as they used to be.
a. is b. are c. be d. been47.One of the most surprising things is that ______ may come from petroleum.
a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrow’s food
b. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrow’s food48.Scott is an orphan but he received ______.a. very good education c. a very good education
b. very good educations d. many good educations49.After several day’s hardworking, we have made ______ on the design.
a. much improvement c. many improvement
b. several improvements d. some improvement50.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday.
a. shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoes’s shop d. shoe’s
（）21．There is
alarm clock on the dresser.A、a
B、an
C、the（）22．We need a lot of
every day.A、vegetables
B、meats
C、milks（）23．“Where
your new shoes? ”“
in the box.”
A、are, It’s
B、are, They’re
C、is, It’s（）24．His sister
a small sports collection.A、have
B、there is
C、has（）25．Let’s
the sports club.A、join
B、to join
C、do join（）26．Your aunt’s son is your
.A、brother
B、cousin
C、sister（）27．Jim
like basketball.He
computer games.A、don’t, like
B、doesn’t, likes
C、don’t, likes（）28．What color is our national flag(国旗)? It’s
.A、green
B、yellow
C、red（）29．Jim, come and
your math book here and take away your CDs.A、give
B、take
C、bring（）30．
is the fourth month of a year.A、January
B、April
C、March（）31．When is
birthday? A、Li Lei
B、Li Lei’s
C、Li Leis’（）32．I like thriller，I don’t like comedy.A、but
B、or
C、and（）33．Jack
to go to an action movie.A、want
B、is want
C、wants（）34．We have great bags
only $15.A、for
B、at
C、are（）35．“Does he have a tennis racket?”“
”.A、No, he doesn’t
B、Yes, he doesn’t
C、No, he does
二、完型填空（10分）
The Spring Festival(春节)is the Chinese New Year’s Day.It usually comes in
.Everyone in
likes the Spring Festival very much.When Spring Festival comes, I usually
my parents clean our house and do some
49.50
that day 51
eats
, New Year’s cake and some other food.But I
dumplings.We usually
dumplings and
TV.I like the Spring Festival.（）46．A、March
B、November
C、February
D、January（）47．A、America
B、China
C、England
D、Japan（）48．A、help
B、helps
C、ask
D、carry
（）49．A、cleaning
B、fishing
C、reading
D、shopping（）50．A、On
B、In
C、At
D、Of（）51．A、everyone
B、someone
C、no one
D、people（）52．A、eggs
B、meat
C、dumplings(水饺)
D、mooncakes(月饼)（）53．A、like
B、eats
C、make
D、get（）54．A、eat
B、make
C、make and eat
D、like（）55．A、look
B、have a look at
C、see
D、watch
三、阅读理解（10分）
A
This is my room.It’s small but it’s very nice and clean.There is a desk, a bed and two chairs in it.The desk is near the window.You can see some books and plants on the desk.The bed is near the desk, and under the desk, there is a ball.My shoes are under the bed.There is a map of China on the wall.There is a picture on the wall, too.I like my room.根据短文内容选择正确答案（5分）
（）56．There is
in the room.A、a desk
B、some plants
C、three desks
D、some balls
（）57．
are on the desk.A、A book and a box
B、A book and some boxes
C、Some books and some boxes
D、Some books and plants
（）58．There is
under the desk.A、a chair
B、my shoes
C、a ball
D、a box
（）59．
are on the wall.A、A map of China B、A map of China and a picture
C、A picture
D、A window
（）60．My room is
.A、small B、nice and clean
C、big
D、A and B B
Brad：
What kind of movies do you like? Michele：Well, I like comedies and funny movies.Brad：
Don’t you like thrillers and action movies? Michele：Well, I don’t like thrillers.They’re scary and action movies are boring!Brad：
Do your brother and sister like action movies? Michele：No, they like documentaries.What kind of movies do you like? Brad：
Comedies, thrillers, action movies.Do you want to go to a movie? Michele：That sounds fun!Let’s go!根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）（5分）（）61．Brad likes thrillers.（）62．Michele likes scary movies.（）63．Michele has a brother and a sister.（）64．Michele’s brother likes action movies.（）65．Brad and Michele go to a movie.非选择题（35分）
四、完成句子（10分）
A、根据句意及首字母提示完成下列单词（5分）66．My f
fruit is banana.67．My father and mother are my p
.68．Do you want to go to a m
? 69．A lot of people think Beijing O
is very intersting.70．O
1st is our National Day.（国庆节）B、用所给词的适当形式填空（5分）
71．The two
(comedy)are very interesting.72．My birthday is June
(four).73．Let’s
(play)computer games.74．I like
(China)action movies.75．The thrillers are
(real)scary.五、补全对话，根据对话内容补全下列对话，每空一词（10分）A： 76
I 77
you? B：Yes, 78
, I want a sweater.A：What 79
do you want? B：Blue.A：Here 80
are.B： 81
is it? A：20 dollars.B：I’ll 83
it.84
you.A：You’re 85
.答案：
一、21—25：BABCA
26—30：BBCCB 31—35：BACAA
二、46—50：CBADA
51—55：ACACD
三、56—60：ADCBD 61—65：TFTFT
四
66、favorite 67、parents 68、movie 69、Opera 70、October 71、comedies 72、fourth 73、play 74、Chinese 75、really
22.1 名词练习答案D 15 B 29 D 43 D 57 A 2 D 16 B 30 B 44 B 58 C 3 C 17 B 31 C 45 A 59 D 4 C 18 C 32 C 46 B 60 B 5 A 19 C 33 B 47 D 61 C 6 C 20 B 34 C 48 B 62 B 7 A 21 C 35 A 49 C 63 B 8 D 22 A 36 C 50 B 64 D 9 C 23 D 37 C 51 C 65 B 10 D 24 C 38 B 52 A 66 C 11 C 25 A 39 B 53 D 67 C 12 A 26 A 40 C 54 C 68 D 13 D 27 C 41 D 55 A 69 D 14 B 28 C 42 A 56 D 70 A
22.3 冠词练习答案C 19 C 37 B 55 C 2 B 20 A 38 B 56 A 3 D 21 A 39 C 57 D 4 A 22 B 40 C 58 D 5 A 23 C 41 B 59 B 6 D 24 B 42 A 60 A 7 B 25 D 43 C 61 8 C 26 B 44 B 62 9 B 27 D 45 A 63 10 C 28 D 46 C 64 11 C 29 B 47 B 65 12 A 30 A 48 C 66 13 C 31 B 49 A 67 14 D 32 B 50 D 68 15 C 33 C 51 A 69
A 22 C 40 C 58 C 76 B 5 C 23 D 41 A 59 B 77 D 6 D 24 C 42 D 60 D 78 C 7 B 25 D 43 C 61 A 79 C 8 D 26 B 44 A 62 A 80 A 9 C 27 A 45 B 63 C 81 10 D 28 D 46 C 64 C 82 11 B 29 B 47 B 65 A 83 12 D 30 B 48 B 66 B 84 13 B 31 A 49 C 67 D 85 14 A 32 B 50 D 68 D 86 15 C 33 B 51 C 69 C 87 16 A 34 D 52 A 70 A 88 17 A 35 A 53 D 71 B 89 18 C 36 B 54 D 72 C 90
22.8 B 19 C 37 C 55 C 73 C 2 D 20 B 38 A 56 B 74 B 3 A 21 D 39 D 57 D 75 B 4 C 22 D 40 A 58 A 76 C 5 D 23 C 41 D 59 B 77 A 6 B 24 A 42 B 60 B 78 B 7 D 25 B 43 B 61 C 79 C 8 B 26 D 44 D 62 B 80 A 9 C 27 A 45 B 63 A 81 10 B 28 B 46 B 64 B 82 11 C 29 C 47 A 65 A 83 12 D 30 A 48 B 66 C 84 13 C 31 D 49 D 67 B 85 14 B 32 B 50 B 68 D 86 15 D 33 B 51 C 69 D 87 16 B 34 B 52 A 70 B 88 17 B 35 B 53 D 71 A 89 18 C 36 A 54 A 72 B 90
B 34 D 52 B 70 C 88 D 106 17 A 35 D 53 D 71 A 89 D 107 18 C 36 A 54 D 72 C 90 B 108
22.11反意疑问句练习答案C 19 D 37 A 2 A 20 D 38 C 3 B 21 C 39 D 4 C 22 A 40 A 5 A 23 B 41 6 A 24 C 42 7 C 25 D 43 8 B 26 C 44 9 D 27 B 45 10 B 28 B 46 11 A 29 A 47 12 C 30 C 48 13 B 31 B 49 14 D 32 C 50 15 A 33 D 51 16 D 34 C 52 17 B 35 A 53 18 A 36 D 54
22.12倒装练习答案A 19 D 37 A 2 B 20 D 38 C 3 D 21 A 39 B 4 C 22 B 40 A 5 B 23 A 41 A 6 B 24 C 42 B 7 D 25 A 43 D 8 C 26 B 44 A 9 C 27 C 45 C 10 C 28 B 46 B 11 C 29 A 47 C
1. 过去分词做状语
2. 复习分词的各种形式(doing; having done; having been done)做状语。
知识总结与归纳：
(一)过去分词可以做一个陈述句的时间，原因，条件，让步等状语。
结构：过去分词短语，主句(主语+谓语)
相当于
(1)表示被动语态的时间，原因，条件，让步状语从句。
例：
1. Kicked out from this company, he had to find a new job.
2. Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
3. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.
4. Bent roof and twenty-foot high walls of glass make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period.
5. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
7. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. (2)含主系表结构(be+V-ed形式)表示状态或性质的状语从句。
例：
1. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
2. Excited by our success, we decided to celebrate with dinner.
3. Shocked at the waste of money, I decided to leave that company.
4. Well-known for her skill as a designer, she was invited to work with the company.
5. Surprised at what Berry had done, he didn’t know what to say at first.
(二)过去分词表达的动作先于主句的动作，表示：已经被……
结构：having been done短语，主句(主语+谓语……)
1. Having been translated into Chinese, the book became very popular in China.
2. After having been examined carefully, the room was locked again.
3. Having been exhausted by the journey, he went straight to bed.
4. Having been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.
(三)复习：现在分词(doing短语)以及它的完成式(having done短语)做时间、原因，条件，让步状语;相当于表示主动意义的状语从句。
例：
结构：doing 短语，主句(主语+谓语……)
当……时，/由于……/如果……
having done短语，主句(主语+谓语……)
已经……之后
1. Living far from school, he is often late.
2. Knowing that her daughter got sick at school, she hurried to school to take her home.
3. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more and more homesick.
4. Driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.
5. Hearing the music, he began to get homesick.
6. Being quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.
7. Having got married, he lived separately from his parents.
(四)分词短语的逻辑主语应当与主句主语一致。如果分词短语的主语不是主句的主语，则分词短语的主语(名词)应放在分词前面。
1. Time permitting, we’ll call on our teacher.
2. Work finished, he prepared to return home.
3. The shower being over, we continued working.
(五)总结及解题思路：根据分词短语与主句主语的关系(主动，被动)和时间顺序(在主句动作之前，或与主句同时发生)来确定做状语的分词的形式。
(六)分词在陈述句后面，做陈述句的伴随状语或结果状语：表示伴随动作的分词根据它们与主句主语的关系(主动/被动)，选用doing或done短语表达。
1. He was standing, holding on to a tree that grew against the wall.
2. There she stopped, listening to the strange sounds, while the whole house moved.
3. At last he stopped running, sweat streaming down his face.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. ____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding.
分析：根据句意： Harvard大学创建于1636年，“创建”与主句主语Harvard为被动关系。
答案：C
2. Hearing the news, he hurried out, ___ book ___ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open
C. leaving; lie open D. left; lying opened
分析：根据句意：听到这个消息，他匆匆跑出去，消失在远方，但他的书还打开着放在桌上。
hurried out和disappeared是连续的动作。而___ book ___ on the table则是伴随的动作。
答案：B
3. Though ____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacking in
分析：根据句意：虽然缺少钱，他的父母还是想方设法把他送进了大学。Lack of(缺乏)与主语his parents为主动关系。
答案：B
4. ____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.
A. Given B. To given C. Giving D. Having given
分析：根据句意：如果给予更多的关注，树会长得更好。____ more attention做条件状语，give与主语the tree为被动关系，用过去分词做状语。
答案：A
5. ___ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
分析：由于走神了，他差点撞到汽车上。lost in thought形容词短语：走神。
答案：C
二. 翻译句子：
1. 泰德拒绝了朋友去海洋公园的邀请，因为他已经去过两次了。
答案：
Having been to the Ocean Park twice, Ted refused his friend’s invitation to go there.
Ted refused his friend’s invitation to go to the Ocean Park because he had been there twice.
2. 从远处看，这个岛屿就象一朵彩云。
答案：
Viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud.
When it was viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud.
3. 他出身与一个贫困家庭，只上过两年学。
答案：
Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.
As he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.
4. First built as an exclusive playground for the 60’s jet set by a member of its own, A&P Supermarket heir Huntington Hartford, over the years the club did close some of its luster, but never its beautiful setting.
答案：
翻译：最初的时候，海洋俱乐部只是一个为六十年代有钱人阶层专门建立的私人俱乐部，其创建者Huntington Hartford是A&P超市的继承人，也是富人阶层的一分子。多年之后，俱乐部已失去原有的一些光彩，但是它那优美的环境依旧保存完好。
【模拟试题】(答题时间：50分钟)
一. 单项选择：
1. ____ wrong with the engine, he stopped his car.
A. Feeling something go B. Feeling something to go
C. To feel something gone D. Having felt something gone
2. ____my parents’ letter, I decided to write again.
A. Not receive B. Not to receive
C. Not received D. Not having received
3. The new machine, if ___ properly, will work for at least ten years.
A. use B. using C. being used D. used
4. ____, the young man is healthy and strong.
A. Fully developed B. Fully developing
C. Having fully developed D. To be fully developed
5. ___ to make a speech, he said he would be very glad to.
A. When asked B. When asking
C. To be asked D. When he was asking
6. When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. Completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
二. 完型填空
Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his ___1__ and traveling.
Then after returning to the United States from a __2__ trip to Russia .Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the __3__ of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _4__ him. The materials between his bones became __5__.
In less than one week after his return, he could not __6___. Every move that he _7___ was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Cousins’ problem and he might never ___8__ over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up ___9___.
Mr. Cousins thought that ___10___ thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. ___11__, he felt that happy thoughts or _12____ might cure his illness.
He began to _13__ on himself while still in hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that 10 minutes of real laughter during the __14____ gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.
__15___ the doctors could not help him. Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could __16___ his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping __17___ he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well __18____ to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for __19____.
After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work. He had laughed himself back to __20___.
1. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work
2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant
3. A. top B. degree C. problem D. limit
4. A. from B. around C. inside D. beside
5. A. weak B. ill C. false D. painful
6. A. speak B. breathe C. stand D. see
7. A. made B. did C. took D. gave
8. A. look B. get C. turn D. think
9. A. effort B. hope C. treatment D. arrangement
10. A. foolish B. unusual C. funny D. unhappy
11. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
12. A. sleep B. travel C. laughter D. television
13. A. rescue B. operate C. try D. experiment
14. A. day B. week C. month D. year
15. A. Promising B. Deciding C. Doubting D. Recognizing
16. A. invent B. begin C. continue D. prove
17. A. until B. whenever C. unless D. so that
18. A. soon B. completely C. slowly D. enough
19. A. exercise B. illness C. rest D. pleasure
20. A. power B. sense C. health D. happiness
三. 阅读理解：
A
It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures(手势). However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.
Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad. Also putting your clasped(紧握的)hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger(食指), and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.
1. Which of the following is true?
A. People all over the world only communicate by words.
B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.
C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.
D. People can talk about anything in another country.
2. In Greece nodding your head means “_________.”
A. Yes. B. No
C. I heard you D. I am the winner
3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.
A. Greece B. the USA C. England D. China
4. What does this sentence mean “….your action can speak louder than your words” ?
A. What you do is better than what you say.
B. You try your best to be polite.
C. You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D. What you say is better than what you do.
5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.
A. it is important to know the language.
B .it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.
C. to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.
D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.
B
The desire to make explorations is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of human history is considered with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the outer space receives their attention.
Why should man take the trouble of conquering space ? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way. The areas that will benefits are manifold. They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ___.
A. man desire to explore what is unknown.
B. man often goes wherever his dreams go
C. man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now.
D. man’s history is his exploration of the world.
2. The word “manifold” in the second paragraph probably means ___.
A. vast B. various C. valuable D. practical
3. The author seems to be in favor of ___.
A. doubting the necessity of the space exploration
B. the exploration of space
C. exploring more in space than in sea
D. his experience in space
4. In the last sentence of Paragraph 2 the phrase “practical result” refers to the results ___.
A. that are obtained from experience
B. that can be learned as knowledge
C. that can be made use of
D. helping us make further exploration.
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. A
解析：____ wrong with the engine做全句的原因状语，feel与主语具有主动关系，用-ing形式做状语，go wrong做宾语something的补足语。
2. D
解析：由于没有受到父母的来信，在全句中做原因状语，动作在主句decided to write again动作之前，用-ing 的完成式Not having done结构做状语
3. D
解析：如果被使用恰当，过去分词做条件状语。
4. A
解析：如果进行全面发展，过去分词做状语，与主句主语构成被动关系。
5. A
解析：当被要求讲话时，他说他很高兴。
6. A
解析：当博物馆被完工(竣工)时，它将与明年对公众开放。
二. 完型填空
1. D
解析：他很喜欢他的工作和旅行出差
2. B
解析：从到俄罗斯的令人疲惫不堪的出差回到美国。Tiring预示下文提到的Mr. Cousins生病。
3. D
解析：在旅途中，他把他的身体的体力推向了极限
4. C
解析：于是他的身体内部发生了变化
5. A
解析：他的骨头之间的物质变得脆弱了。本题另外三个选项与主语搭配不合适。
6. C
解析：他几乎无法站立了
7. A
解析：他所做的每一个动作都让他感到疼痛。做运动：make a move
8. B
解析：医生告诉他，他们无法解决他的问题，他可能不能从他的疾病中恢复过来。get over：从病中恢复过来。
9. B
解析：Mr. Cousins拒绝放弃治疗的希望。
10. D
解析：Mr. Cousins认为一些不愉快的想法正在他的体内产生着某种化学变化。此处与下文的happy thoughts相对应。
11. A
解析：他不想进行药物治疗，相反，
12. C
解析：他认为愉快的想法或放声大笑 能治愈他的疾病。
13. D
解析：在住院期间他开始用观看滑稽电视节目来进行实验。experiment on somebody：拿某人做实验。
14. A
解析：他发现白天10分钟的开心大笑能给他带来夜间两小时的舒适睡眠。during the day对应下一句的at night.
15. B
解析：已经肯定医生无法再帮助他了。 deciding :确定。
16. C
解析：他离开医院在旅馆里继续他的实验。
17. A
解析：他在房间里反复看电视娱乐节目，读书，睡觉，做这些事直到他感到累了为止。
18. D
解析：他感到身体足够健康了
19. A
解析：他开始出国度假并在海边跑步锻炼。
20. C
解析：他通过笑使自己恢复了健康。
三. 阅读理解：
A
1. B
解析：细节判断题，根据第一段However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知：许多手势在某些地区要么有着不同的含义要么根本就没有任何意义。
2. B
解析：根据第二段内容可以得知点头在希腊某些地区的含义。
3. A
解析：根据第三段：Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.可以得知树大拇指在希腊的含义不同于在美国。它是“不好”的表示，不应使用。C，D两项文章没有涉及。
4. C
解析：语句理解。根据第一段内容：人们在国外与人交流要么懂得外语，要么学会使用手势交流。所以说“通过手势动作比通过语言能更好地被人理解。
5. C
解析：考查文章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了文章的主题。
B
1. A
解析：考查文章的主旨大意。从第一段Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known.可知。
2. B
解析：词义猜测。从第二段The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way.可知the areas that will benefit是广泛多样的。文章下文说明获利饿各个方面。
3. B
解析：从全文看，作者对探索太空持赞成态度。
4. C
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