高一练习题（共9篇）
1． 下列八个关系式①{0}= ② =0 ③ { } ④ { } ⑤{0}
⑥0 ⑦ {0} ⑧ { }其中正确的个数
（A）4 （B）5 （C）6 （D）7
2．集合{1，2，3}的真子集共有
（A）5个 （B）6个 （C）7个 （D）8个
3．集合A={x } B={ } C={ }又 则有
（A）（a+b） A (B) (a+b) B (C)(a+b) C (D) (a+b) A、B、C任一个
4．设A、B是全集U的两个子集，且A B，则下列式子成立的是
（A）CUA CUB （B）CUA CUB=U
（C）A CUB= （D）CUA B=
5．已知集合A={ }， B={ }则A =
（A）R （B）{ }
（C）{ } （D）{ }
6．下列语句：（1）0与{0}表示同一个集合； （2）由1，2，3组成的集合可表示为
{1，2，3}或{3，2，1}； （3）方程（x-1）2(x-2)2=0的所有解的集合可表示为 {1，1，2}； （4）集合{ }是有限集，正确的是
（A）只有（1）和（4） （B）只有（2）和（3）
（C）只有（2） （D）以上语句都不对
7．设S、T是两个非空集合，且S T，T S，令X=S 那么S∪X=
（A）X （B）T （C）Φ （D）S
8设一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a<0)的.根的判别式 ，则不等式ax2+bx+c 0的解集为
（A）R （B） （C）{ } （D）{ }
填空题
9.在直角坐标系中，坐标轴上的点的集合可表示为
10.若A={1,4,x},B={1,x2}且A B=B，则x=
11.若A={x } B={x },全集U=R，则A =
12.若方程8x2+(k+1)x+k-7=0有两个负根，则k的取值范围是
13设集合A={ },B={x },且A B，则实数k的取值范围是。
14.设全集U={x 为小于20的非负奇数}，若A （CUB）={3，7，15}，（CUA） B={13，17，19}，又（CUA） （CUB）= ，则A B=
解答题
15(8分)已知集合A={a2,a+1,-3},B={a-3,2a-1,a2+1}, 若A B={-3}，求实数a。
16(12分)设A= ， B= ，
其中x R,如果A B=B，求实数a的取值范围
习题答案
选择题
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C C B C B C D D
填空题
9．{(x,y) } 10.0, 11.{x ,或x 3} 12.{ } 13.{ } 14.{1,5,9,11}
解答题
15.a=-1
16.提示：A={0，-4}，又A B=B，所以B A
（Ⅰ）B= 时， 4（a+1）2-4(a2-1)<0，得a<-1
(Ⅱ)B={0}或B={-4}时， 0 得a=-1
（Ⅲ）B={0，-4}， 解得a=1
一、我们的认识
练习需要有效评析,评什么?怎样评?这也能够反映出一个教师教学理念的优劣,教学技能的高低。在练习设计和评析前,教师要思考:
1. 如何选择有效的练习题?
有效应体现在是否符合学科课程标准,是否符合学科教学基本要求,是否符合学生的认知水平和学习实际。
2. 如何编排设计练习?
设计的练习要体现新课程的三维目标,不能仅仅停留在“知识与技能”目标上。练习的编排应由浅入深、由易到难、循序渐进,要符合学生的认知规律。
3. 如何开展有效的评析辅导?
教师要想办法了解学生在学习中存在的问题或困惑,帮助学生修正自身的知识缺陷,培养学生自我监控能力,发展学生的思维能力。
这些问题集中反映了教师对学科知识本质的理解和对学生的了解,只有正确回答并解决好了上述三个问题,作业设计及评析辅导才可能有效。
二、我们的做法
我们将“有效的设计作业和评析辅导”作为区域高一化学研修的核心主题。依据学生的学习实际和新课程要求,精心地设计学生作业,教学中一方面对学生作业的优秀表现和典型失误作仔细分析,及时总结学生对具体内容的学习规律;另一方面对教师的“教”作归因分析,对教学过程进行反思,形成“练习检测——分析反馈——改进辅导”的基本策略。
我们对学生作业练习分析解读的主要方法是比较。比较是分析的核心,也是行动改进的基础,比较的结果是得出若干结论。对于学校层面出现的典型问题,通过校本研修,分析研究形成矫正辅导的措施。发现区域性的倾向性问题,在区域教研中集中展开专题研讨,形成专题的教学辅导的策略。因此,充分发挥作业设计与评析辅导的功能,可以进一步提高化学教与学的有效性和针对性。具体做法如下:
1. 确定作业设计的方向性
我们研读《中学化学课程标准》和《化学学科教学基本要求》,根据知识点列出本节内容的多向细目表,结合细目表以及平时课堂教学中对学生可能存在的问题观察,设计一套单元课堂练习。
2. 凸显作业反馈的及时性
练习结束即发放参考答案,让学生自己查阅并开展自我分析,强化学生的自我监控,及时修正化学知识结构上的缺陷,在学习过程中养成自我检查、自我反思的习惯。
3. 提高作业再设计的针对性
教师运用网络现代技术批阅学生练习,对批阅结果做精细分析,如分析各班各小题得失分情况。通过分析,及时发现学生存在的主要问题,根据学生实际,再次设计相应的变式分层练习,最终形成教学辅导的学案。
4. 寻求教学行为的反思性
备课组教师充分利用网络信息技术的优势,依据采集的数据对全年级各班学生做精细分析,对班级之间的得失分情况进行对比分析。通过分析,寻找并交流教师教学方面的经验与不足,为教师改进自身的教学能力以及改善教师的教学行为提供依据。
5. 提高作业评析的实效性
1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly， but everyone ____ get out.
A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to
2. It took years of planning and saving， but their sea-going vacation ____ at last.
A. was come true B. has come true
C. came trueD. has been come true
3. We went to the ball early ____ get a good rest.
A. so as that B. so that C. in order to D. in order that
4. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning
5. There are wild geese ____ near the lake.
A. livingB. aliveC. liveD. to live
6. E-mail， as well as telephones， ____ an important part in daily communication.
A. play B. have playedC. is playingD. are playing
7. The little boy ____ on the ground， shaking with cold.
A. lieB. layC. laidD. lying
8. ____ the explanation of the book， we can finally understand the meaning of the passage.
A. With the help ofB. Under the help by
C. After the help ofD. By the help with
9. After the war， a new school building was put up ____ had once been a theatre.
A. thatB. whereC. where itD. where there
10. A great number of tall buildings ____ in the past twenty years.
A. have been builtB. has been built
C. were builtD. was built
11. ——Will you attend the meeting this afternoon?
——But I ____ anything about that.
A. hadn’t told B. haven’t been told
C. wasn’t toldD. won’t tell
12. When you read the book， you’d better make a mark ____ you have any questions.
A. with whichB. at where
C. the place whereD. where
13. The book is written in such easy English ____ I can read it.
A. asB. thatC. whichD. what
14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.
A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out
15. It is generally believed that teaching is ____ it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much asD. as much an art as
Ⅱ.完形填空
My husband and I were talking about possible colors because it was time for painting the kitchen again. The children， sat nearby and suddenly __1__， “Not the measuring stick!”
“No，” I __2__ them in my mother-has-everything-under-control __3__， “Not the measuring stick.”
The measuring stick isn’t a(an) __4__ stick， but the kitchen side of the door between our kitchen and dining room. Along the edge we’ve __5__ each child’s growth by making a mark __6__ his or her height on every birthday. Over the ten years so many colored pens， pencils and markers were __7__ that the door came to be __8__ like an abstract-expressionist painting.
Names and dates show different hand-writing， and I can __9__ by the script(手迹) who measured whom. An eight-year-old brother measured his three-year-old sister， a grandchild measured her grandmother， my husband measured me. At parties， when this door __10__ back and forth frequently， friends stop to __11__ the names and dates. When we ask __12__ they would like to be immortalized(永生)， they usually __13__ sheepishly(羞涩地) and back right up into __14__.
Many of those listed on the door are still __15__ while some have stopped. Some __16__ with us only in memory. When my mother came to see our eldest daughter graduated from university， we __17__ her， too. It was her last visit to our home.
We haven’t decided on the new kitchen __18__ scheme yet， but one thing is __19__: whether we paint the trim curry gold， Chowning’s tavern red or federal blue， the back of the kitchen door will always remain __20__ with lots of names and dates in various colors.
1. A. said B. expressedC. shouted D. begged
2. A. comfortedB. pattedC. toldD. promised
3. A. wayB. voiceC. attitudeD. feeling
4. A. commonB. specialC. exactD. actual
5. A. recordedB. encouragedC. celebratedD. congratulated
6. A. showing B. keepingC. cuttingD. giving
7. A. madeB. takenC. usedD. sharpened
8. A. veryB. unclearlyC. muchD. clearly
9. A. tellB. understandC. knowD. think
10. A. movesB. shakesC. closesD. swings
11. A. observeB. noticeC. readD. recognize
12. A. whyB. ifC. howD. what
13. A. noddedB. admittedC. smiledD. left
14. A. seatB. placeC. tableD. room
15. A. changingB. addingC. puttingD. growing
16. A. stayB. remainC. liveD. work
17. A. lovedB. welcomedC. measuredD. saw
18. A. colorB. formC. design D. size
19. A. known B. popularC. certainD. curious
20. A. redB. blueC. gold D. white
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(A)
Perhaps the most wonderful building put up in the 19th century was the Crystal Palace(水晶宫) which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all the other buildings in the world， for it was one of the biggest buildings of all the time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. Plenty of goods were sent to the exhibition from all parts ofthe world. There was also a great deal of machinery on show. Though in those days， traveling was not as easy as it is today， steamboats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England， they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all， and the money from the exhibition was used to build museums and colleges. Later， the Crystal Palace was moved to the South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.
1. The Crystal Palace was built up ____.
A. in the 1950sB. in the 1900s
C. shortly before 1851D. before 1951
2. People from many countries came to the Crystal Palace mainly to ____.
A. buy goodsB. visit an exhibition
C. travelD. enjoy the Crystal Palace itself
3. What happened to the Crystal Palace in 1936?____.
A. It caught a terrible fire
B. It disappeared suddenly
C. It was moved away to the south of London
D. It was rebuilt
4. The Crystal Palace was famous to all because ____.
A. it is the biggest building in the world then
B. so many visitors had been there
C. it was made of iron and glass
D. it was burnt down at last
5. The writer ____.
A. thought the Crystal Palace very useful
B. sang high praise for the Crystal Palace
C. wanted the Crystal Palace to be rebuilt
D. was one of the visitors who had visited the Crystal Palace
(B)
7th Annual North Texas Jazz Festival
Free Daily Activities
A masterful combination of entertainment and education including 70
of the nation’s premier students jazz groups performing.
March 31， 10:30am-2:30pm
Friday Night Performers
UNT One O’clock Band
UNT Jazz Faculty & Singers
For tickets
Call 1888512 or visit frontgatetickets.com
For more information
Visit the festival website ntjazzfest. unt. edu.
LANDMARK THEATERES
(214) 764-9106 (972)444-Film
Buy Tix at Landmark theatres.com
Magnolia 3699 McKinney Ave # 105
*PAN’S LABYRINTH (12:00， 2:20， 4:45) 7:15， 9:40
*THE LIVES OF OTHERS (1:00， 4:00) 7:00， 9:50
The Magnolia will also host the AFI Dallas Film Festival
Friday March 23rd. Sunday April 1st， 2007.
Visit www.afidallas.com for movies and show times
ECKET (NR) (11:15， 2:10， 5:10) 8:15
NOTES ON A SCANDAL(12:00， 2:20， 4:30) 7:00， 9:15
COLOR ME KUBRICK(NR)(12:30， 2:30， 5:00) 7:15， 9:30
THE USUAL SUSPECTS 2:00 Midnight
*=Academy Award Winner
Valid For Saturday， March 24 Only2007 LTC
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HONKY TONK
CONCERT CALENDAR
MARCH
30…………JASON BOLAND
31…………CHRIS CAGLE
APRIL
6…………WANE BOLAND
7…………JOHN CONLEE
14…………TRACY LAWRENVE
24…………JOHNNY COOPER
27…………GEORGE THOROGOOD
TICKETS NOW ON SALE!
OPEN DAILY. FAMILIES WELCOME
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Call Billy Bob’s Group Sales Dept.
www.billybobstexas.com 817.624.7117
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CLUB
RESTAURANT
Open Tues.-Sat. AT 5 PM
Texas Hold Em Poker Tues.-Sat.
Country Western Karaoke
Tues.-Thurs. 8:00 pm
Live Country Music 9:00 pm
Fri. 3/23& Sat. 3/24
The Bill Autry Band
Happy hour Tues.-Fri.5:00-7:00pm
Free Shuffleboard Tuesday-Thursday
www.bootscootandbba.com.
6. What category should the ads in the text belong to?____.
A. Recreation B. MusicC. Sports D. Entertainment
7. The word “Magnolia” in the second ad most probably refers to ____.
A. the name of a movie
B. a theatre showing movies
C. a music band
D. the director of a movie
8. If you want to know more information about Bill Autry Band， you’d better visit ____.
A. www. Afidallas.comB. www.ntjazzfest.unt.edu
C. www. bootscootandbba.com D. www.Billybobstexas.com
9. Those who like movies with Academy Awards are likely to see ____.
A. The Lives Of OthersB. The United Suspects
C. Notes On A ScandalD. Color Me Kubrick
10. Which of the following may you enjoy on April 24?____.
A. 7th Annual North Texas Jazz Festival
B. Pan’s Labyrinth
C. Country Western Cooper
D. Concert held by Johnny Cooper
(C)
To be sure， only children experience some things differently from those with siblings(兄弟姐妹). Many feel more pressure to succeed. In the absence of brothers and sisters， only children are also likely to look more exclusively(独有地) to their parents as role models.
In India， 19-year-old Saviraj Sankpal founded a support group for the tiny number of only children. Among other things， the group does volunteer work to be against the myth(神话) that they’re irresponsible(不负责任的). “People think we’re pampered(娇惯) and spoiled，” says Sankpal， a computer-engineering student. “But I’d like to remind them how lonely it can get.”
Most only children， however， say they wish for brothers and sisters only when it comes to caring for aged， unhealthy parents.
Britain’s David Emerson， author of the book The only child， says that such a person bears terrible burden in having to make all the decisions alone. Emerson knows from experience: after his father died， he chose to move his elderly mother from their family home， where she was vulnerable(易受攻击的) to house breakers， to a new one with more safety. “The move was quite hard on her， and she might feel that I pushed her into it，” he says. “Finally， I am left with that responsibility.”
In the future， more and more only children will likely face similar choices. With working mothers increasing， many families are finding they simply don’t have the time， money or energy to have more than one child. As only children become common， perhaps the world will realize that the accusation(指责) made against them is unfair.
11. It can be inferred from the passage that only children’s parents should ____.
A. found a support group for their only children
B. do volunteer work to help their only children
C. let their only children make all the decisions alone
D. set good examples for their only children
12. Emerson decided to move his elderly mother to a new house because he ____.
A. is the only one who cares about her
B. is worried about her safety
C. wants to share the responsibility with her
D. doesn’t want to leave her alone
13. It is quite usual now for a working mother to ____.
A. spend all her time and money on her only child
B. be responsible for bringing up her only child
C. have and bring up only one child
D. put all her energies on her job
14. The main idea of the passage is that ____.
A. only children are spoiled and irresponsible
B. only children have to face many difficulties
C. most only children want to have brothers and sisters
D. most only children share their responsibilities with their parents
(D)
Most of us are used to four seasons. Each year， spring follows winter， which follows autumn， which follows summer， which follows spring. And winter is colder than summer. But the earth goes through temperature cycles over much longer periods than those that we experience. Between 65，000 and 35，000 years， the planet was much colder than it is now. During that time the temperature also changed a lot， with periods of warming and cooling. Ice melted during the warm periods， which made sea levels rise. Water froze again during the cold periods.
A new study from Switzerland， sheds light on(使某事清楚明白地显示出来) where ice sheets(冰川) melted during the ice age. It now seems that the ice melted at both ends of the earth， rather than just in either northern or southern regions(区域).
This surprised the researchers from the University of Bern(波恩大学). Scientists have long assumed(假设) that most of the ice that melted was in the Northern Hemisphere(半球) during the 30，000-year-long ice age. That belief was held because the North Pole is surrounded by land， while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. It is easier for ice sheets to grow on land. If surrounded by sea the ice can easily just slip into the ocean instead of building up.
The researchers used a computer model to look at ways the ice could melt and how it might affect sea levels. They compared these results to evidence(证据) of how temperatures and currents actually changed during that time. The model showed that if it was only in the Northern Hemisphere that ice melted， there would have been a bigger impact(影响) on ocean currents(洋流) and sea temperatures than what actually happened. Studies suggest that melting just in the Southern Hemisphere would have been impossible， too. The only reasonable conclusion， the scientists could make， was that ice melted equally in the North and the South.
It is still a mystery(神秘的事物) as to what caused the temperature changes that caused the ice to melt.
15. The North Pole is surrounded by land， while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. So scientists thought that ____.
A. most of the ice melted in the Northern Hemisphere
B. most of the ice melted in the Southern Hemisphere
C. the North Pole is colder than South Pole
D. the South Pole is colder than North Pole
16. We can infer from the passage ____.
A. the ice can easily just slip into the ocean
B. volcanoes caused the ice to melt
C. melting just in the Northern Hemisphere would have beenimpossible
D. researchers often use the computer models to help their researchwork
17. The scientists are not sure ____.
A. how long the ice age lasted
B. where ice sheets(冰川) melted during the ice age
C. what caused the temperature changes
D. what the earth is made up of
18. Which of the following is the best title?____.
A. A Computer Model
B. Studies Show Ice Melted Equally in the North and the South
During the Ice Age
C. Most of the Ice Melted in the Northern Hemisphere(半球) Duringthe 30，000-year-long Ice Age
D. A Survey Result
Ⅳ.阅读表达
黄石国家公园天气变化快，昼夜温差大，让我们走进下文感受这一点。Yellowstone Weather
Yellowstone National Park is at high altitude(海拔). Most of the park is above 7，500 feet (2，275 meters).
Yellowstone’s weather is unpredictable. In summer， it may be warm and sunny with temperatures in the high 70s. At night in any given month， the temperature may drop close to freezing. So it is best to come prepared for cold evenings and mornings， especially if you are camping or hiking. When you leave your campsite， please leave it prepared for possible thundershowers and wind.
A sunny warm day may become fiercely stormy with wind， rain， sleet and sometimes snow. Without enough clothing， an easy day hike or boat trip can turn into a battle for survival.
1. What kind of weather does Yellowstone have?
2. What decides Yellowstone’s weather?
3. If you are planning to spend your holidays in Yellowstone National Park in summer， what should you take with you?(不超过8个词)
4. What does the underlined word “readings” refer to?
5. What can be put in the blank with “?” (不超过5个词)
6. Here are some questions on how to ask about the weather elements of a place. Read these questions and fill in a word in each blank according to its first letter.
(1) What is the a____ temperature in your hometown?
(2) How o____ does it rain in your hometown?
(3) What is the d____ season in your hometown?
(4) Is your hometown often s____ by flood?
(5) What are the h____ months in your hometown?
Ⅴ.书面表达
假设你叫李明，是一名中学生，每天上学看到学校四周有许多小商贩(sellers)在卖菜，卖鱼，卖肉等，有的甚至在露天里炒菜。他们都高声叫卖以吸引行人注意。你们在教室里可以听到这些噪音，无法集中精力上课。而且他们把街道的环境弄得很脏､很臭､拥挤不堪。请你写封信给《中国日报》，反映以上情况并希望目前的情况得以改善。
注意:1.词数100左右。2.信的开头已给出(不计入单词总数)。
Dear editor，
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
一、选择题
1．若a，b，c为任意实数，且a＞b，则下列不等式恒成立的是()(A)ac＞bc(B)|a＋c|＞|b＋c|(C)a2＞b2(D)a＋c＞b＋c 2.设a＞1＞b＞－1,则下列不等式中恒成立的是()A．
1a1b
B．1a1
bC．a＞b2D．a2＞2b
3.设a,b∈R,且a+b=3,则2a+2b的最小值是()（A）6（B）42（C）22（D）26 4.函数ylogx(1x)x的定义域是()
A(1,1]B(0,1)C(1,1)D(0,1]
5.使“ab0”成立的充分不必要条件是()A.a2b2
0B.5a5b
C.a1b1D.log2alog2b
6．函数y＝log1（x＋
-1）（x > 1）的最大值是（）
x1
A．－2B．2C．－1D．1
7.函数f(x)x22x2
x1
(x3)的最小值是()
A.2B.22C.52D.103
8.如果关于x的不等式(a－2)x2＋2(a－2)x－4＜0对一切实数x恒成立，则实数a的取值范围是()(A)(,2](B)(,2)(C)(2,2](D)(－2,2)
9.不等式
xx
x31
0的解集为()A {x0x1} B {x0x1}C {xx0}D {x1x2}
10.已知a2,Pa
a2，Qa24a,则P,Q的大小关系是（）A.PQB.PQC.PQD.PQ
二、填空
1．当0x
2时，函数f(x)1cos2x8sin2x
sin2x的最小值是________
2.已知正数x、y满足
8x1
y
1，则x2y的最小值是___________ 3.不等式
x21
2x
0的解集是__________________4．二次方程x2＋(a2＋1)x＋a－2=0,有一个根比1大,另一个根比－1小,则a的取值范围是_________
5.已知1xy1,1xy3，求3xy的取值范围___________
6.．设函数f(x)、g(x)的定义域都是R，且f(x)0的解集为{x|1x2}，g(x)0 的解集为，则不等式f(x)·g(x)>0的解集为___________
三、计算题 1．解不等式5x
x2
2x3
1
2．已知函数f(x)ax2bx(a0)满足1f(1)2，2f(1)5，求f(3)的取值范围。
3.已知集合Ax|x25x40
与Bx|x2
1、我囚住这绿色如同幽囚一只小鸟，要它为我作无声的歌唱。
2、固执指“尖端总朝着窗外的方向。甚至于一枚细叶，一垄卷须，都朝原来的方向。”或者说“向着阳光”。对光明的向往，执着的追求，不屈不挠的精神。(后一问不一定要回答这么详细，点到即可。)
3、“不能原谅自己的过失”是因为作者为了更好的亲近绿，引绿入室，但却伤了绿。作者在绿藤身上看到了生命的力量，觉得自己隐隐然做错了。但另一方面作者却仍然执著一念存着“魔念”，囚禁着绿，作者对绿藤对光明自由的追求没有能够有真正的理解。(能够明确的说出作者内心的矛盾意思对即可。)
第一章 解三角形部分基本习题
一、选择题
1.己知三角形三边之比为5∶7∶8，则最大角与最小角的和为( ).
A.90° B.120° C.135° D.150°
2.在△ABC中，下列等式正确的是( ).
A.a∶b=∠A∶∠B B.a∶b=sin A∶sin B
C.a∶b=sin B∶sin A D.asin A=bsin B
3.若三角形的三个内角之比为1∶2∶3，则它们所对的边长之比为( ).
A.1∶2∶3
C.1∶4∶9 B.1∶3∶2 D.1∶2∶
4.在△ABC中，a=5，b=，∠A=30°，则c等于( ).
A.25 B.5 C.2或5 D.或
5.已知△ABC中，∠A=60°，a=，b=4，那么满足条件的△ABC的形状大小 ( ).
A.有一种情形 B.有两种情形
C.不可求出 D.有三种以上情形
6.在△ABC中，若a2+b2-c2<0，则△ABC是( ).
A.锐角三角形 B.直角三角形 C.钝角三角形 D.形状不能确定
7.在△ABC中，若b=，c=3，∠B=30°，则a=( ).
A. B.23 C.或2 D.2
8.在△ABC中，a，b，c分别为∠A，∠B，∠C的对边.如果a，b，c成等差数列，∠B=30°，△ABC的面积为
A.3，那么b=( ). 22?1?3 B.1+ C. D.2+3 22
9.某人朝正东方向走了x km后，向左转150°，然后朝此方向走了3 km，结果他离出发点恰好km，那么x的值是( ).
A. B.23 C.或2 D.3
10.有一电视塔，在其东南方A处看塔顶时仰角为45°，在其西南方B处看塔顶时仰角为60°，若AB=120米，则电视塔的高度为( ).
A.603米 B.60米 C.60米或60米 D.30米
二、填空题
11.在△ABC中，∠A=45°，∠B=60°，a=10，b= .
12.在△ABC中，∠A=105°，∠B=45°，c=2，则b=
13.在△ABC中，∠A=60°，a=3，则a?b?c= . sinA?sinB?sinC
3，则∠C= . 214.在△ABC中，若a2+b2
15.平行四边形ABCD中，AB=4，AC=43，∠BAC=45°，那么AD=.
16.在△ABC中，若sin A∶sin B∶sin C=2∶3∶4，则最大角的余弦值=.
三、解答题
17. 已知在△ABC中，∠A=45°，a=2，c=，解此三角形.
18.在△ABC中，已知b=，c=1，∠B=60°，求a和∠A，∠C.
19. 根据所给条件，判断△ABC的形状.
(1)acos A=bcos B;
cab==. cosAcosBcosC
20.△ABC中，己知∠A>∠B>∠C，且∠A=2∠C，b=4，a+c=8，求a，c的长. (2)
第二章 数列部分基本习题
一、选择题
1.{an}是首项a1=1，公差为d=3的等差数列，如果an=2 005，则序号n等于( ).
A.667 B.668 C.669 D.670
2.在各项都为正数的等比数列{an}中，首项a1=3，前三项和为21，则a3+a4+a5=
( ).
A.33 B.72 C.84 D.189
3.如果a1，a2，…，a8为各项都大于零的等差数列，公差d≠0，则( ).
A.a1a8>a4a5 B.a1a8
4.已知方程(x2-2x+m)(x2-2x+n)=0的四个根组成一个首项为
|m-n|等于( ). 1的等差数列，则 4
313 C. D. 842
5.等比数列{an}中，a2=9，a5=243，则{an}的前4项和为( ).
A.81 B.120 C.168 D.192
6.若数列{an}是等差数列，首项a1>0，a2 003+a2 004>0，a2 003·a2 004<0，则使前n项和Sn>0成立的最大自然数n是( ).
A.4 005 B.4 006 C.4 007 D.4 008
7.已知等差数列{an}的公差为2，若a1，a3，a4成等比数列, 则a2=( ).
A.-4 B.-6 C.-8 D. -10
aS58.设Sn是等差数列{an}的前n项和，若5=，则9=( ). a3S59A.1 B.
A.1 B.-1 C.2 D.1 2
a2?a1
b29.已知数列-1，a1，a2，-4成等差数列，-1，b1，b2，b3，-4成等比数列，则
的`值是( ).
A.1 2 B.-1 2 C.-11或 22 D.1 4
210.在等差数列{an}中，an≠0，an-1-an+an+1=0(n≥2)，若S2n-1=38，则n=( ).
A.38
二、填空题
11.设f(x)=1
x B.20 C.10 D.9 2?2，利用课本中推导等差数列前n项和公式的方法，可求得f(-5)
+f(-4)+…+f(0)+…+f(5)+f(6)的值为 .
12.已知等比数列{an}中，
(1)若a3·a4·a5=8，则a2·a3·a4·a5·a6= .
(2)若a1+a2=324，a3+a4=36，则a5+a6= .
(3)若S4=2，S8=6，则a17+a18+a19+a20= .
82713.在和之间插入三个数，使这五个数成等比数列，则插入的三个数的乘积为 . 23
14.在等差数列{an}中，3(a3+a5)+2(a7+a10+a13)=24，则此数列前13项之和为 .
15.在等差数列{an}中，a5=3，a6=-2，则a4+a5+…+a10= .
16.设平面内有n条直线(n≥3)，其中有且仅有两条直线互相平行，任意三条直线不过同一点.若用f(n)表示这n条直线交点的个数，则f(4)= ;当n>4时，f(n)= .
三、解答题
17.(1)已知数列{an}的前n项和Sn=3n2-2n，求证数列{an}成等差数列.
111b?cc?aa?b，，成等差数列，求证，，也成等差数列. abcbca
18.设{an}是公比为 q?的等比数列，且a1，a3，a2成等差数列.
(1)求q的值;
(2)设{bn}是以2为首项，q为公差的等差数列，其前n项和为Sn，当n≥2时，比较Sn与bn的大小，并说明理由.
n?219.数列{an}的前n项和记为Sn，已知a1=1，an+1=Sn(n=1，2，3…). n(2)已知
Sn}是等比数列. n
20.已知数列{an}是首项为a且公比不等于1的等比数列，Sn为其前n项和，a1，2a7，3a4成等差数列，求证：12S3，S6，S12-S6成等比数列.
求证：数列{
第三章 不等式部分基本习题
一、选择题
2?，则( ). 5
A.a>b>c B.b>a>c C.c>a>b D.b>c>a
2.设a，b是非零实数，且a
ba11< D.< abab2a2b
3.若对任意实数x∈R，不等式|x|≥ax恒成立，则实数a的取值范围是( ).高一数学必修五基础题
A.a<-1 B.|a|≤1 C.|a|<1 D.a≥1
4.不等式x3-x≥0的解集为( ).
A.(1，+∞) B.[1，+∞)
C.[0，1)∪(1，+∞) D.[-1，0]∪[1，+∞) A.a2
1)>f(1)的实数取值范围是( ). x?1
A.(-∞，1) B.(2，+∞)
C.(-∞，1)∪(2，+∞) D.(1，2)
6.已知不等式f(x)=ax2-x-c>0的解集为{x|-2
5.已知f(x)在R上是减函数，则满足f(
A B C D (第6题)
?x-y≥0 ?7.设变量x，y满足约束条件?x+y≤ 则目标函数z=5x+y的最大值是( ). 1 ?x+2y≥1 ?
A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5
?x+y-3≥0 ?8.设变量x，y满足?x-y+1≥ 1 设y=kx，则k的取值范围是( ).
?3x-y-5≤1 ?
14411，] B.[，2] C.[，2] D.[，+∞) 23322
9.已知a，b∈R，则使|a|+|b|≥1成立的一个充分不必要条件是( ).
A.|a+b|<1 B.a≤1，且b≤1
C.a<1，且b<1 D.a2+b2≥1
1110.若lgx+lgy=2，则+的最小值为( ). yxA.[
A.1 20B.1 5 C.1 2 D.2
二、填空题
11.以下四个不等式：①a<0
成立的充分条件是 . 11
?1(x>0)， 12.设函数f(x)=? 则不等式xf(x)+x≤4的解集是____________.
??1(x<0).
(?1)n?1
13.若不等式(-1)a<2+对任意正整数n恒成立， 则a的取值范围是 . n
1114.关于x的不等式x2-(a++1)x+a+<0(a>0)的解集为__________________. aa
15.若不等式x2-2x+3≤a2-2a-1在R上的解集是空集，则a的取值范围是 .
三、解答题
416.已知函数f(x)=x2-2x+，x∈(-∞，1)∪(1，+∞)，求f(x)的最小值. 9(x-1)2n
17.甲乙两人同时同地沿同一路线走向同一地点，甲有一半时间以速度m行走，另一半时间以速度n行走;乙有一半路程以速度m行走，另一半路程以速度n行走，若m≠n，问甲乙两人谁先到达指定地点?
*18.已知关于x的不等式(ax-5)(x2-a)<0的解集为M.
(1)当a=4时，求集合M;
1. 转变化学教学的目的观
在大多数化学教师看来,化学是其他自然科学的基础学科,具有一定的工具性,是进一步学习医学、农学、林学、生化、材料等其他学科或前沿学科的基础。高中学生在高中学段必须具备牢固的全面的高中化学学科知识,完成进入大学深造所必须具有的预备性知识,高中化学必须强调化学学科知识的系统性、全面性和深刻性。然而,现实生活中,用我们这种观念培养出来的许多“优秀学生”却不会使用灭火器,油锅着火时惊惶失措,无限制地使用塑料袋,发生火灾时不会自救,马路边上的垃圾桶在燃烧时无动于衷……这些事例不能不引起我们对化学教学目的观的深层思考:化学对每一个学生来讲究竟意味着什么,高中为什么要学化学,学习什么样的化学知识,若干年后,我们所教的完整的化学知识在已经走上社会工作岗位的学生那里还剩下多少等问题,即化学教学界曾经激烈争论过的关于化学教学是“化学家的化学”还是“大众的化学”等教学观的问题。应该说,新教材的出版和启动明确无误地选择了后者。对绝大多数高中学生来说,学习化学的目的不在于进一步研究它,而在于应用它,应用它理解、解决和决策个体在社会、生活及工作中遇到的实际问题;化学教学的目的不在于使学生获得多少深奥的化学知识,而在于使学生获得的这些化学知识具有普遍性、时代性和应用性;化学应该成为每一个有教养的公民都必须懂得的知识,使化学学习不仅对高考有意义,而且对学生一生的高质量生活有意义。
2. 培养兴趣
“兴趣是最好的老师”,只有学生对化学有强烈的探索欲望和对化学知识及规律的求知欲,以及将所知化学知识应用于日常生活造福人类的动机,才可能激发学习的潜能,才可能产生钻研的欲望。教师可以利用集色、态、味、光、声于一体的化学实验给学生强烈的视觉刺激,以吸引学生的兴趣,激发学生的求知欲,如钠与水反应、镁条燃烧、喷泉实验、爆炸实验等。另外,化学教师良好的教师形象;生动、准确的讲授;热情真诚的关心鼓励;幽默大方的举止等因素在激发学生的学习化学的兴趣和动机上起着不可忽视的情感作用。
3. 夯实基础,掌握规律
由于初中知识很零散,缺乏系统性,学生习惯记忆,缺乏对知识整理加工的能力,这就要求教师在讲课时注重对学生学习方法的培养,不能沿用初中死记硬背的模式,要教会学生如何学。
高一是高中三年化学的基础,其中物质的量是基石,它是联系宏观物质和微观粒子之间的纽带,由于概念抽象,公式较多,是个难点,在讲解的时候要多利用一些比喻性的描述和直观的教具,尽量化抽象为形象;对一些容易混淆的概念,比如摩尔质量和相对分子质量或一摩尔物质的质量等,通过归纳列表的方式突出异同之处,加深记忆。在元素周期律的学习中,先通过回忆初中原子结构的知识,再结合碱金属和卤素两族元素的性质特点从中引出各大规律,达到温故知新的目的。
4. 切实研究和把握教学大纲和新教材
教高一的往往是年轻教师,老教师比较少,这就要求教研组在教研活动时切实加强集体备课,深入研究新教材,把握新教材的特点。深入研究教学大纲,切实把握住教学大纲,把握住教学时的重难点,过浅则达不到规定的教学要求,过难则学生学得吃力,势必会影响学习积极性,不利于进一步学习。这样在教学时可以做到心中有数,避免学生吃了不必要的苦头。
5. 课前备课:不仅要备教材,更要备学生
由于高一课时非常紧张,因此教师除了要深入钻研新教材,研究重点、难点之外,对学生的基础特别是初中的化学内容,应充分掌握,充分把握住学生对课堂知识的可接受程度和目前的心理状况。这样上课时就能做到有的放矢,课堂效率才能提高。
6. 教师应将传统式教学模式改革为探究式教学模式
教师在教学过程中应加大力度进行教学改革,在教学过程中必须充分发挥学生的主体作用,必须充分尊重学生,发挥学生的个性特点,把自己的教学活动转化成教师和学生、学生和学生之间共同探究、共同完成教学的过程。让学生在知识探究过程中,不知不觉地发现新知识,学生就会有一种成就感。这样教师就可以将教学过程转变为知识的探究过程,可以激发学生学习知识的兴趣和热情,从而将化学学好。
7. 介绍高中化学的学习方法
了解和掌握适合自己的学习方法,是高一新生迫切需要解决的问题之一。教师应在教授新课前,向学生介绍高中化学学习的一般要求和一般规律,并针对提出的要求和规律,介绍常用的学习方法。我在上新课前一般按以下几点介绍学习方法。
首先,通过实例引导学生做出“课本就是问题的答案”这一结论,让学生体会熟读课文的重要性。
其次,教会学生在阅读课文的过程中自我把握知识的重点和难点,并在理解的基础上熟记课文中的重要内容。让学生清楚课文中的重难点内容一般有:(1)基本概念和基本规律。(2)教师演示实验中的仪器、操作、实验现象、结论(化学方程式)等内容。(3)课本附有插图而教师未演示的实验仪器、现象、结论。(4)课文中“问题讨论”的内容和结论。
同步练习
1. The Chinese people __________ hard-working and brave.
A. are B. is
C. has been D. are being
2. The police __________ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for B. were searching for
C. are searching for D. were searching
3. My family __________ small, but my family __________ all model workers.
A. is; are B. are; is
C. were; are D. were; is
4. Each soldier and each sailor __________ a rifle.
A. are given B. was given
C. being given D. were given
5. The population of the country __________ large, and two fifths of it __________ workers.
A. is; is B. are; are
C. is; are D. are; is
6. He is the one of the students who __________ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are
C. have been D. has been
7. The guest, along with his wife and two sons __________ at the table.
A. was seating B. were seated
C. were seating D. was seated
8. The shoes __________ mine. This pair of shoes __________ my brother’s.
A. are; is B. is; is
C. are; are D. is; are
9. Books of this kind __________ well.
A. sell B. sells
C. are sold D. is sold
10. Tom, more than anyone else, __________ anxious to go to China again.
A. is B. are
C. has D. have
参考答案
1. A people作主语，谓语动词用复数。
2. B police作主语，谓语动词用复数。
3. A family 一类的及和名词，当强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。
4. B each + n. and +each + n. 谓语动词用单数。
5. C population如果前有分数、百分数修饰，则谓语用复数。
6. D one of + n. 之后的.定语从句谓语动词语先行词一致。
7. D 此句的主语是the guest, 而along with 为修饰语。
8. A
9. A kind 的谓语动词语of 前的名词一致。
1高一学生英语词汇习得现状
目前, 高一学生英语词汇学习的状况不容乐观。从词汇量掌握来看, 高一学生所掌握的词汇量偏低, 积极词汇少, 消极词汇多;对部分词汇的掌握还停留在理解阶段, 不能在口头交际和书面表达中正确运用所学词汇;从学习方式上看, 高一学生习惯于死记硬背, 对记住的单词不及时复习巩固, 忘了之后再去学, 从而造成新旧单词量骤增, 要一下子学会这么多单词, 即使意志坚强、有信心的学生也会手忙脚乱。
2高一学生英语词汇习得策略
2.1 利用读音规则, 做好初、高中衔接
词的读音和拼写形式是词存在的基础, 是各个词相互区别的第一要素。因此, 在词汇教学中, 要注意音和形的统一结合。
从初中刚升入高中的新生, 语音规则和拼读基础普遍薄弱。对一个未见过的符合拼读规则的单音节词读不出音, 甚至在注上音标后还不会读。所以, 识读词汇是学生面临的第一关。教师应在开学之初向学生介绍英语词汇学习的要求, 即“学什么、怎么学”, 以及注意事项等;接着, 复习语音和拼读规则。通过反复练习让学生在大脑中建立起词的音、形模式联系。如让学生把长元音[i:]和she, see, sea等单词中的元音字母及元音字母组合的形联系起来;此外, 还应安排学生自学词汇表, 不对具体数量提出要求, 但他们必须反复练习, 达到能正确流利地读出来的程度。
2.2 细讲英语构词法, 帮助记忆词汇
构词法这一内容可以帮助学生记忆词汇, 扩展词汇量, 所以有必要进行教学安排。
首先, 利用同根词进行教学, 如教过use后, 经过构词分析, 学生就可以推测出useful, useless, user的词义来。其次, 利用分析前缀的方法进行词汇教学。如教rewrite, retell要向他们解释前缀re-的含义是“again”的意思。在此基础上学生就能推测出rewrite, retell的意思来。再次, 利用分析后缀的方法。如在学生已学过China, Japan的基础上, 指出后缀-ese的含义, 学生就很容易推测出Chinese, Japanese的意思来。最后, 利用分析合成词的方法教学。如在学生学过wait与room的基础上, 就很自然推测出waiting-room, reading-room的含义来。利用这种方法可以扩大学生的词汇量, 帮助学生记忆词汇。
2.3 在真实语境中教学词汇, 丰富词汇知识
在传统的词汇教学中, 有些教师总是脱离句子和文章内容孤立地讲解词义。这种方法不仅使学生感到词汇学习枯糙无味, 了无兴趣, 还不能让学生理解该词的真正含义和用法。因此, 我们倡导在真实的语境中教学词汇。
英语中有大量的一词多义的现象, 这些词在不同的语境中有着不同的词性和意义。如果脱离了特别的语境, 孤零零地学习词汇, 就不能正确地理解词义, 甚至会产生歧异。因此学习词汇, 要在语境中联系上下文仔细推敲, 正确把握词义, 掌握用法。如blue这个词, 大家都知道是指蓝色, 可用作名词或形容词, 但它如果作表语描述人时, 那就指沮丧的的意思了, 如I am feeling rather blue today.再如“mean”作动词, 意为打算, 但在句子He is mean about money中“mean”用作形容词, 意思是吝啬的, 跟原来的意思大有区别。因此, 词汇教学需在语境中进行, 这样可以让学生多接触英语, 丰富他们的英语知识, 就是人们常说的“英语水平的高低取决于其对英语接触的频繁程度”。
2.4 在练习中掌握、运用词汇
新课标英语教材为我们提供了地道的original English, 教师可充分利用教材让学生在听说读写译中掌握运用词汇。
首先, 利用课文及配套练习所提供的原声带, 通过适当地加工, 要求学生能听出, 听懂关键词和关键句。通过大量的听, 储备大量的语言信息。接着, 通过questions and answers, text retell, make dialogue and topic discussion, 让学生运用所学或刚学的词做些口译练习, 让学生现学现用, 充满学习的成就感, 同时激起强烈的学习欲望。再次, 通过阅读大量的文章, 让单词, 习惯用语等源源不断地刺激大脑, 巩固和扩大学生的词汇量, 进而也可以培养语感。最后, 教师可以让学生围绕词汇做一些句子的翻译。有时也可布置一些开放性的练习让学生做, 如在课文结束后要求学生尽量运用书中的词汇写一篇后续。这样的练习既能激发学生的创作欲, 又能试着用刚学的短语和词汇来进行写作, 在实践中真正掌握了词汇。
3结语
以上是我们在英语词汇教学中摸索并正在改进的几种方法, 当然方法应该是多种多样的, 但我相信, 只要是从学生的实际出发, 并能行之有效的方法, 都是应该值得借鉴和分享的。
参考文献
[1]Allen V F.Teaching in Teaching Vocabulary[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Education Press, 2002.
[2]国家教育部.普通高中英语课程标准实验教科书[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 2007.
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