被动语态的教学设计与专项练习

被动语态的教学设计与专项练习（推荐6篇）

被动语态的教学设计与专项练习 篇1

1、正确理解教材本节就是要让学生回顾被动语态，由汉语学过把字句、被字句引入，加深对被动语态的理解。

2、实证地分析学生情况我们的学生来自偏僻的.农村，英语基础较差，但有学习的`热情，有上进的决心。

3、清晰地确定与表述课时目标。

4、以学生为主体设计教学活动。让学生通过练习得出结论。

5、对教学重点难点或需要注意的地方教学强化。

但是还有些地方值得改进：

1、没有注意对个别差异较大的同学个别指导。

2、有点注重完成课时内容，没有注重尽量关注每一个学生，没有注意对沉默和边缘的学生予以特别关注，而是更多地关注教学设计和教学内容的完成。

3、学生课堂反映不够好。

被动语态的教学设计与专项练习 篇2

被动语态大体可分为“直接被动”和“间接被动”, 根据日本国立国语研究所的《日本语教育のための文法用语》中提到他动词句“XがYを~する”改为“YがXに~される”可称为直接被动 (例句1-4) 。直接被动句中, 动作施事者基本上以助词“に”表示, “书く?作る?建てる?明する?设计する”等, 与表示生产制作有关的动词时多用“によって”, 原料等用“から”表示。另一方面, 可以用他动词、自动词构成的称为间接被动或受害被动 (例句5-7) 。被害人多数为说话人, 一般以“X (被害人) が/はY (动作主体) に~される”或者“X (受害人) が/はY (动作主体) にZ (X的物品等) を~される”的形式出现。

例

《日本语文法ハンドブック》中提到直接被动与间接被动以外还有持有人的被动。例如:“私は知らない人にいきなり头をたたかれた。”但这种持有人被动多数是动作受事者由于动作施事者的行为受到伤害。因此, 把持有人的被动归纳入间接被动范畴使学生更容易地去理解。

那么, 怎样的指导方法才能把学生的误用减到最低呢?第一, 确认动词分类的同时, 进行大量的练习。即使把动词的活用作为形式进行强硬的记忆也很难做出正确的句子, 因此句子记忆法是比较容易接受的方法。

第二, 被动语态要明确谁是动作施事者, 谁承受动作产生的结果。课堂导入被动语态时必须让学生清楚理解动作施事者与动作受事者之间的关系, 否则, 不能做出正确的被动语态的句子。

第三、明确被动语态中能使用及不能使用的动词, 就是所谓的动词性质的讲解。例如, 本身已经带有被动意思的动词、非意志动词“ある?いる”、具有自发意思的动词“闻こえる?れる等”、表示能力的动词“できる”以及动词的可能形等。初级阶段向学习者讲解动词性质确实很困难, 但是在这里强调的并不是有意识地讲解动词的性质, 而是向学生举出在被动语态的句子中出现不自然的例子的同时进行比较及简单的说明, 使学生的记忆更加深刻。

第四, 自动词与他动词被动语态之间的关系。同样的句子用自动词就能表达意思的情况下, 不要刻意地使用它动词的被动语态, 否则, 只会使句子反而变得不自然, 失去其正确性, 例如:“新人タレントを募集したところ全国から大势の若者が集まった。”和“鱼が十分煮诘まったら、火を止めてください。”中只用自动词“集まる?煮诘まる”就能正确表达句子的意思。

第五, 怎样才能正确使用被动语态的助词。被动语态句子中助词“を?に?が”, 也就是说与主语关系比较容易产生混乱。“书く?作る?建てる?明する?设计する”等表示制作生产时多用“によって”, 原料等用“から”表示。因此, 被动语态中怎样正确使用助词也是学生学习被动语态的一个难题。

最后是主语省略的问题, 间接被动也称为受害被动。因为其行为使主语受到伤害的情况较多。受害被动是指“ (受害者) が (加害者) によって (某事、物) に受到伤害 (~された) ”受害者多数是“私”, 经常被省略, 同样的现象在直接被动中出现得比较少。

2 教科书分析

接下来就现在使用的日语教科书对被动语态的教授法进行考察与分析。

《みんなの日本语》初级Ⅱ课本中第37课开始导入被动语态。句型部分是以“子供のとき、よく母にしかられました。”“ラッシュの电车で足を踏まれました。”“法隆寺は607年に建てられました。”三个句子导入被动语态。例句的提出没有明确归纳出直接被动或是间接被动, 只是“呼ばれました?注意された?まちがえられた?见された?开かれた?~から造られます?使われます?明されました”那样比较零乱, 会容易造成学习者的混乱。

练习A的1是各类动词进行在被动句子中的活用变化, 2-7不是讲解直接被动与间接被动反而是以助词和动词的活用为中心进行练习。例如:2的例句是“私は部长に仕事をまれました。”从表达方式或文脉该例文可以是受害被动, 但是否向学习者讲解是一个问题点。如果不讲解的话语法可能不会错但会引起学习者的误解。练习B是句型练习 (动词的活用、助词的用法) , 练习C是以对话方式进行练习, 但是3个例句都是持有人的被动, 但是其句型的构成方法没有讲解。对于初级学习者来说持有人被动的句型构造比较难并且会受到母语的影响, 有必要进行讲解。例如:对于“弟が私のパソコンをしました。”这个句子, 正确的被动语态是“私は弟にパソコンをされました。”但很多初级学习者会把被动语态理解为“私のパソコンは弟にされました。”因此, 句型导入是必须要把持有人被动的例句也有必要提示出来。

《新文化初级日本语Ⅱ》第32课是以“可用被动语态表达出自己受到的伤害”为目标, 然后还有对“のに?たら?よう?みたい”的讲解。被动语态的例句“後ろの人に押されました。”该教科书中被动语态分为“具有感情色彩”“不具有感情色彩”, 使用的例句如下:

该教科书对持有人被动进行了讲解, 一段动词的被动语态活用和可能形的活用是一样的, 但句子表达的意思没有向学生指出。另外, 关于自己的行为, 不能用被动语态也有说明。然而不能把被动语态单纯地分为“具有感情色彩”“不具有感情色彩”, 这样会使初级的学生有先入之见, 间接误导学生。第33课把第32课没有讲解的“インスタントラメンは1958年に日本で始めて作られました。”作为不具有感情色彩的被动语态提出, 简单讲解了其特征后, 举出了“~れます”“~れています”“~れました”三种形式。

3 结语

考察了被动语态的特征、用法及各教科书的教学方法后, 究竟如何向学生讲解才能使他们更容易地理解及接受, 是该论文主旨。根据自己的留学及教学经验对两本教科书进行分析后, 《みんなの日本语》能综合地对被动语态进行说明, 首先是动词活用, 还有也有直接被动和间接被动的例句。但是, 对不能在被动语态中使用的动词、自动词和他动词的被动语态的关系、主语省略等都没有详细的说明。老师可以提出几个容易使用被动语态的题目, 让学生运用自己所学的语法和单词造句或进行简单的对话, 使老师更好地掌握学生的学习情况。

摘要：被动语态作为一项语法项目经常在初级的日语教科书中出现。动作的施事者与动作的受事者之间的关系、助词的使用、被动语态的构成也出现很多的误用。本文通过分析被动语态中的直接被动、间接被动的构成及用法, 并且提出受害被动及持有人被动的概念。总结出教授日语被动语态时需要注意的问题。最后对《みんなの日本语》及《新文化初日本语》中出现的被动语态进行考察、分析, 提出被动语态教学中出现的利弊。

关键词：直接被动,间接被动,受害被动,持有人被动,母语影响

参考文献

[1]市川保子 (1997) 『日本语误用例文小辞典』凡人社

初三英语被动语态教学案例 篇3

王爱丽

上完被动语态后我感悟颇深：我认为，英语教学的目的主要是培养学生掌握并运用英语的能力，英语教学应该为学生创设他们喜闻乐见的合适的情境，给予他们充分的时间和空间，让他们成为学习的主人。作为一名英语教师，首先应该激发学生学习英语的兴趣和积极性，增强学生的记忆效率，以达到最终的教学目的。如果英语教师过多地注重语言点和语法知识的传授，在课堂上力求把语言点讲深、讲透，再为学生准备大量的练习，反复操练，可谓信息量之大，却忽略语言整体材料的支撑，结果是事倍功半。以下是我在两个班上被动语态的教学片段： 教学片段1：

Teacher:出示20个动词在黑板上，有规则和不规则动词原形，要求学生变为过去式、过去分词，约5分钟后，我叫一名女学生上前面板书，结果错掉5个，我纠正其错误后领全班学生一起读三遍，然后板书一句主动语态的例句，示范变成被动语态，要求学生注意其时态和语态的变化；最后让学生做小黑板上的主动语态变被动语态的练习并检查。（共30分钟）教学片段2：

Teacher: I’m quite upset now.Last night, I was hit on the face by my wife because I spent too much money.If you were me, what’s your feeling? Students: Upset too.Teacher: Were you hit by your parents? StudentA: Yes,I was.Teacher: Where were you hit by them? StudentA: I was hit on the hip.Teacher: and you?(StudentB, StudentC„„)

英语被动语态的用法 篇4

English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。

The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。

被动语态的教学设计与专项练习 篇5

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. “Do you like the material?” “Yes, it _____ very soft.”

A. is feeling B. felt

C. feels D. is felt

【陷阱】此题容易误选D，想当然地根据“这布料摸起来很柔软”这一句意，认为“布料”应是“被摸”，所以 feel 选用被动语态。

【分析】其实，此题正确答案为C，因为 feel 在此为连系动词，而连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。请看以下类似例子 (答案均为D)：

(1) Her forehead _____ hot. I’m afraid she is ill.

A. is feeling B. felt

C. is felt D. feels

(2) The new school has been completed. It _____ very beautiful.

A. is looked B. looked

C. has looked D. looks

(3) The dish _____ nice, but the milk _____ sour.

A. is smelt, is smelt B. is smelt, smells

C. smells, is smelt D. smells, smells

(4) The story of his life _____ interesting.

A. is sounded B. is sounding

C. has sounded D. sounds

2. He was angry _____ your work. He said that he _____ at all.

A. at, didn’t satisfy B. to, didn’t satisfy

C. at, wasn’t satisfied D. to, wasn’t satisfied

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能被误选。

【分析】最佳答案为C. be angry at (about) sth 意为“对某事生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词 at (about) 换成 to，这是错误的。另外，许多同学将汉语的“不满意”直译为 not satisfy，这是是不对的，因为，satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是“使(人)满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构)。

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1. The president _____ a cool reception when he visited London.

A. gave B. was given

C. had given D. had been given

2. A red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather.

A. says B. is saying

C. has said D. is said

3 If you go there alone after dark you might get _____.

A. attacked and robbed B. attacking and robbing

B. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed

4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.

A. was holding B. had held

C. was to hold D. was to be held

5. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.

A. develop B. are being developed

C. are developing D. have developed

6. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______.

A. permits B. is permitting

C. is permitted D. has permitted

7. The students _____ ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.

A. give B. are given

C. have given D. to give

8. With the development of science, more new technology _______ to the fields of IT.

A. has introduced B. is being introduced

C. is introduced D. was introduced

9.“How about the dishes, Dear?” “The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”

A. cooked B. had been cooked

C. was cooked D. had cooked

10. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the names and addresses of his friends.

A. wrote B. was writing

C. was written D. were written

11. “Look! Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building that ______for?”

A. is being building B. has been built

C. is built D. is being built

12. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.

A. lose B. will be lost

C. are lost D. will lose

13. A red sky in the morning ______ to be a sign of bad weather.

A. says B. is saying

C. has said D. is said

14. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.

A. develop B. are being developed

C. are developing D. have developed

【答案与解析】

1. 选B.一方面语意要求要被动语态，另一方面从句时态暗示主句应用一般过去时。

2. 选D.此句也可说成 It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.

3. 选A，“get + 过去分词”表被动。

4. 选D，从逻辑上说，“会议”应是被开，故用被动式。

5. 选B.从语境上看，develop 不仅要用被动语态，而且要用进行时态。

6. 选A，该用法中的 permit 为不及物动词，不用被动语态。其中if time permits 也可换成 time permitting.

7. 选B.谓语为 give sb sth 结构的被动语态形式。

8. 选B.技术应该是“被”引进，故用被动语态;根据语境句子应用现在进行时。

9. 选B.从句意上看，“牛肉”应该是“被”煮，故句子要用被动语态;从时间上看，由于句中有 didn’t taste very good，所以“煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时。

10. 选D.in which were written the names and addresses…为倒装句式，其正常表达为 the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook.

11. 选D.因为 building 应该是“被建”，故用被动语态;再根据前文的 look, under construction 等信息词可知，此处应用现在进行时态。

12. 选B.jobs与lose应为被动关系，故用被动语态;再根据条件状语从句中的一般现在时可知主句以用一般将来时为宜。

13. 选D.因为主语 a red sky 与谓语动词say之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。

14. 选B.因为“新的药物和器械”与“开发”之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。

动词用法与辨析

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.

A. advertise B. advertise for

C. advertise on D. advertise to

【陷阱】容易误选B，认为 advertise 的意思是“做广告”，advertise for 的意思“为……做广告”。

【分析】事实上，正确答案为A.advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词：用作及物动词时，其意为“为……做广告”、“登广告宣传”;用作不及物动词时，其意为“做广告”、“登广告”，此时通常后接介词 for，表示“做广告征求”。比较：

advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 (此时 advertise 不及物)

advertise sth 为……登广告，登广告宣传……(此时 advertise 是及物动词，其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)

People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。

The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。

再比较以下用例：

advertise jobs 登广告招人

advertise for jobs 登广告求职

2. No matter how much you’ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _______ the people heart and soul.

A. serve B. serve for

C. serve to D. serve on

【陷阱】容易误选B，即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”，将其中的“为”译为 for.

【分析】答案选A，serve 意为“为……服务”，可直接用作及物动词，其后不能按汉语意思误加介词 for.请看以下类似例子：

(1) I _____ you yesterday, but you weren’t in.

A. rang B. rang to

C. rang with D. rang to

答案选A，ring 可以用作及物动词，表示“给……打电话”，故其后不用介词。

(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _____ her cousin.

A. marry B. marry to

C. marry with D. marry for

答案选A，marry 可用作及物或不及物动词，用作及物动词时它的意思“与……结婚”，而不仅仅是“结婚”，也就是说，后接宾语时，无需用介词 to, with 等。

(3) How can I _____ you, Mr. Green?

A. contactB. contact with

C. contact toD. contact for

答案选A，contact 为及物动词，表示“与……联系”，其后不接介词。

3. According to the rules, students must not ______ their books during examinations.

A. read B. watch

C. notice D. look at

【陷阱】容易误选A.因为按照英语一般习惯：看书看报用动词 read，看电视用动词watch，看电影用动词see，看比赛用动词watch，看黑板用动词look at，等等。

【分析】一般说来，汉语的“看书”至少有两层意思，一是指阅读性地看书，即看书=读书，此时通常用动词read;另一种看书则不是指阅读性地看书，而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看，比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等，或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句以及考试时偷看书本等等，此时通常都不宜用动词read，而应根据情况选用其他动词(如 look at)。又如：

Let me have a look at the book. 让我看看或翻翻这本书。

Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请不看书回答我的问题。

4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _____ you to go?”

A. let B. agree

C. allow D. promise

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案为C.不能选A是因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to;不能选B是因为动词 agree习惯上不用于 agree sb to do sth 这一句式;不能选D是因为在 promise sb to do sth 这一句式中，to do sth 的逻辑主语是 promise 的主语而不其是宾语，比如 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答应我，他去”，而不是“他答应我让我去”。之所以能选C，是因为 allow sb to do sth(允许某人做某事)与上文语境刚好吻合。

5. If they _______ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them.

A. disagreed B. refused

C. agreed D. hoped

【陷阱】容易误选A，根据 agree to do sth(同意做某事)，想当然地类推出 disagree to do sth(不同意或不愿意做某事)。

【分析】事实上，语言有很多问题是不能类推的，如上面这一例，英语可说 agree to do sth，但习惯上却不说 disagree to do sth.类似地，英语中可说 like doing [to do] sth，但在现代英语中习惯上说 dislike doing sth，却不说dislike to do sth.其实上面一题的最佳答案是B，refuse to do sth 意为“拒绝做某事”或“不愿做某事”。

6. They own two cars, not to _____ a motorbike.

A. speakB. say

C. talkD. mention

【陷阱】很容易根据“他们拥有两辆小汽车，更不用说一辆摩托车了”这一中文语境而选择B.

【分析】其实最佳答案为D.因为not to say 和 not to mention 均为习语，但其含义区别甚大：

not to mention=更不用说，此外还有

not to say=虽不能说，即使不能说

It is warm, not to say hot. 天气虽说不上热，但也够暖了。

He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即使不是粗鲁，至少也是没有礼貌。

There’re ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children. 我们有10个人愿意帮忙，还不算小孩。

They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the cat and the bird. 他们有三只狗要照顾，更别提那只猫和鸟了。

7. “Do your parents agree to your doing that?” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always ______ me to try something new.”

A. hope B. suggest

C. support D. encourage

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。因为若仅从汉语意思来看，四个选项均可填入空格处。

【分析】其实此题的正解答案是D.因为在以上四个选项中，只有encourage 可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语，即可用于 encourage sb to do sth，而其余三者均不可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语，即英语中习惯上不说 hope sb to do sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth.顺便说一句，以下英汉语表达也有类似差别，请注意：

汉语说“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说 hope sb to do sth.

汉语说“同意某人做某事”，但英语不说 agree sb to do sth.

汉语说“不同意某人做某事”，但英语不说disagree sb to do sth.

汉语说“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说 fear sb to do sth.

汉语说“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说 refuse sb to do sth.

汉语说“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说 punish sb to do sth.

汉语说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 suggest sb to do sth.

汉语说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 propose sb to do sth.

汉语说“赞成某人做某事”，但英语不说 approve sb to do sth.

汉语说“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说 arrange sb to do sth.

汉语说“要求某人做某事”，但英语不说 demand sb to do sth.

汉语说“感谢某人做某事”，但英语不说 thank sb to do sth.

汉语说“指导某人做某事”，但英语不说 guide sb to do sth.

汉语说“祝贺某人做某事”，但英语不说 congratulate sb to do sth.

汉语说“阻止某人做某事”，但英语不说 prevent sb to do sth.

汉语说“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说 inform sb to do sth.

汉语说“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说 welcome sb to do sth.

汉语说“陪伴某人做某事”，但英语不说 accompany sb to do sth.

要表示以上汉语意思，英语需改用其他说法。如：

advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事

wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth 希望某人做某事

arrnage for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事

demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事

thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做了某事

congratulate sb on doing sth 祝贺某人做了某事

prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

等等。

8. Nowadays everyone hopes to ______ good education so as to get a good job in the future.

A. accept B. accept a

C. receive D. receive a

【陷阱】容易误选A或B.因为accept 与 receive 的基本区别是前者表示“接受”，后者表示“收到”，而汉语通常是说“接受教育”，而不是说“收到教育”，所以选A或B，

【分析】其实上，此题的正确答案是D，因为英语中习惯说 receive a good education，而不说 accept a good education.另外，education 表示抽象意义的“教育”时，不可数，但表示“一种教育”或“一段教育”时，可与不定冠词连用。

9. Wearing dark glasses can _______ your eyes from the sun.

A. care B. prevent

C. defend D. protect

【陷阱】容易误选B.因为许多同学一看到题干中的 from，再联系到选项中的 prevent，便马上想起了 prevent … from … 这个常用搭配。

【分析】在 prevent A from B 这一句式中，A 和 B通常具有主谓关系，如在The rain prevented us from going out (下雨使我们不能出去)中，“我们”与“出去”就具有主谓关系。而上面一题不具备此特点。此题正确答案应是 D，protect … from … 意为“保护……免受……”。

10. Mr. Smith was in great need of money, so he ____ $2 000 for his car.

A. paid B. took

C. cost D. spent

【陷阱】容易误选A，误选的依据是pay … for … 这一搭配。

【分析】若单独说 He paid $2 000 for the car (他付了2 000美元买这车)是完全可以的，但问题是，本句前面有这样一句He was in great need of money (他急需要钱)，既然是“急需要钱”，又怎么还会花美元去买车呢?尤其还需注意的是 car 前的物主代词 his，这说明是为自己的车花2000美元钱，不合情理。此题的正确答案是B，take 在此表示“获得”、“得到”，句意为“他急需要钱，把自己的车以2000美元给卖掉了”。

11. There are many kinds _____, but I don’t know which to buy.

A. to be chosen B. to choose from

C. to choose D. for choosing

【陷阱】此题容易误选C.

【分析】其实应选B.choose 表示“选择”，其实是指“选择出来”(pick out)，而不是指“从……选择”，要表示后者的意思，要用 choose from，有时也用 choose among.同样地，下面两例中的介词 from 也不可省略：

Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 这些词典可供你选择。

In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事实上，有各种各样的颜色可供选择。

比较：

He chose a red one. 他选了一个红色的。

He chose from some red ones. 他从一些红色的当中去选。

He didn’t know which to choose. 他不知道选哪个。

He didn’t know which to choose from. 他不知道从哪个当中去选。

请做以下试题(答案选D)：

(1) “We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you?” “Well, not yet. We have few ______, I’d say.”

A. chosen B. to choose

C. to be chosen D. to choose from

(2) “I’d like to buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models ______.”

A. to pick up B. to pick

C. to choose D. to choose from

12. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn’t listen.

A. persuaded B. tried to persuade

C. have persuaded D. was persuaded

【陷阱】容易误选A.

【分析】正确答案为B.persuade 的真正意思是“说服”，而不是“设法说服”，要表示后者的意思英语应用 try to persuade (当然也可用其他词，如 advise 等)。类似地：

(1) kill 的意思是“杀死”，不表示“设法杀死”，要表示后者的意思英语用 try to kill.

(2) prevent 的意思是“阻止”，不表示“设法阻止”，要表示后者的意思英语用 try to prevent.

13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them.

A. lay; laid B. laid; laid

C. lay; lain D. lying; lain

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选A.第一空填lay，它是lie(位于，在)的过去式 lay;第二空 laid，它是 lay(放，置)的过去分词，句意为“……她发现所有东西还在她当时放它们的地方”。请注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及词形变换：

(1) lay 有两个常见意思：一是表示“放”、“摆”(及物)，二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如：

Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。

Are your hens laying yet? 你的母鸡下蛋了吗?

Will you please lay the table for dinner? 请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗?

(2) lie 有三个主要意思：一是表示“躺”或“平放”，二是表示“位于”，三是表示“说谎”。用于以上三义时，均为不及物动词。如：

Don’t lie in bed all morning. 别一个上午都躺在床上。

The book lay open on the desk. 那本书摊开着放在桌上。

Don’t lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。

The small town lies among the mountains. 小镇位于群山之中。

I’m sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了谎。

(3) 这两个词经常被混淆的有时不是其意思，而是其词形。注意下表所示：请做下题(答案均为B)：

(1) The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they aren’t _____.

A. lay, lying B. laid, laying

C. lay, laying D. lied, lying

(2) The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk.

A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laid

C. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain

14. He _____ a visit to the factory and was warmly _____ by the workers there.

A. took, welcome B. took, welcomed

C. paid, welcome D. paid, welcomed

【陷阱】容易误选A或C.因为许多同学会模仿 come → came → come 的变化形式，想当然地认为 welcome的变化形式是 welcome → welcame → welcome.

【分析】此题第一空应填动词 paid，因为 pay a visit to(拜访)是惯用搭配，其中的 pay 不能换成take.第二空要填welcomed，因为welcome 用作动词时，其过去式和过去分词均为 welcomed，即它是规则动词。有的同学也许会问，我们不是常说 You are welcome 吗? 为什么其中的 welcome 未用 welcomed 呢?那是因为此处的 welcome 为形容词，而不是动词。

15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted ______.

A. good B. well

C. to be good D. to be well

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】按英语语法，连系动词后通常接形容词作表语，而不接副词，据此可以排除选项B和D.但到底是应选A还是C呢?许多同学凭感觉认为 taste to be good 似乎很通顺，于是选了C.但是，错了，正确答案应是A.原因是用作连系动词的 taste 后习惯上不接to be.如：

这棵树上的苹果味道很好。

正：The apples from this tree taste delicious.

误：The apples from this tree taste to be delicious.

类似地，feel, smell, sound 等连系动词后习惯上也不接不定式 to be.如：

你的想法听起来很好。

正：Your idea sounds a good one.

误：Your idea sounds to be a good one.

玫瑰发出香气。

正：Roses smell sweet.

误：Roses smell to be sweet.

比较：seem, appear, prove, turn out, continue 等连系动词后可以接不定式 to be，也可省略 to be.如：

She seems (to be) a little tired. 她似乎有点累。

He appears (to be) quite young. 他显得年轻。

The examination turned out (to be) quite easy. 结果考试相当容易。

The weather continued (to be ) fine. 天气仍然很好。

注：用作连系动词的 look 后能否接 to be，各语法家意见不一：有的认为可接to be，有的认为不能接 to be.为此，建议同学们以不接 to be 为宜。

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1. We’re so busy that no one in the office can _____ for any other work.

A. spare B. be spared

C. share D. be shared

2. He regards that book _____ one of the worst that he’s _____ read.

A. to be, ever B. to be, never

C. as, ever D. as, never

3. “Did you get a job?” “No, I ______, but it’s no use.”

A. expected B. tried to

C. managed to D. planned

4. “Do you know that Jack ______ a postman for about six years?” “Yes, I see.”

A. has become B. has turned

C. has changed D. has been

5. The thing that ______ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.

A. matters B. cares

C. considers D. minds

6. I don’t want the green coat. It is red and black colours that ______ me very well.

A. suit B. fit

C. suits D. fits

7. “Will another fifty be enough?” “Just twenty will ______.”

A. work B. do

C. suit D. fit

8. Goodbye, Mr Carter - my secretary will _____ you to the door.

A. send B. lead

C. drive D. show

9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it is ______ early.

A. got B. gained

C. seen D. caught

10. We haven’t enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _____.

A. help B. enjoy

C. share D. spare

11. He asked her to marry him and she _____ him.

A. answered B. received

C. accepted D. agreed

12. My worst fears were _____ when I saw what the exam questions were.

A. done B. seen

C. finished D. realized

13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _____?

A. work B. pass

C. agree D. does

14. What’s the matter with the radio? Why isn’t it _____?

A. broadcasting B. working

C. doing D. sounding

15. High unemployment _____ the government billions of pounds in lost taxes.

A. spends B. takes

C. uses D. costs

16. It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they _____ so much.

A. sink B. swim

C. jump D. struggle

17. She went to the station to meet her husband, but _____ him in the crowd.

A. passed B. recognized

C. missed D. lost

18. I missed what was happening because I wasn’t ______ very closely.

A. noticing B. running

C. watching D. glancing

19. If you lend me a pound, it will _____ me having to go to the bank.

A. save B. share

C. serve D. help

20. Don’t _______ your breath trying to persuade them; they’ll never listen.

A. use B. waste

C. spend D. put

21. He has spent little time on his lessons this term, so he _____ to fail the exam.

A. expects B. hopes

C. wishes D. requires

22. He will never ______ anything if he doesn’t work hard.

A. hope B. wish

C. achieve D. succeed

◆ 答案解析 ◆

1. 选B，spare 在表示“腾出或省去(多余的人或物)”。

2. 选C，regard … as …的意思“把……当作……”，其中的介词 as 不能换成 to be.

3. 选B.I tried to 为 I tried to get a job 之省略。

4. 选D.因为A、B、C均为终止性动词，均不能连用 for about six years 这样的一段时间。

5. 选A.matter 在此的意思是“要紧”、“关系重大”。

6. 选A.填空句为强调句，强调主语 red and black colours，故其后的谓语要用复数，即排除C和D.另外，fit 与suit区别是：fit 表示“适合”或“合身”等(及物或不及物)，主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合，而 suit 表示“适合”，主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。

7. 选B.do 在此表示“够”、“足够”、“适合”、“行”、“可以”等义。又如：

This will never do! 这事永远不可以。

I’m hungry. Get me something to eat. Anything will do. 我饿了，给我弄点吃的东西，什么都行。

8. 选D.show sb to the door 意为“送某人到门口”。注意，其中的介词 to 不可省略，否则就成了 show sb the door(驱赶某人，下逐客令)。另外，也不要按汉语意思选A，因为send 通常表示派人送，而不表示亲自送。

9. 选D，catch 在此表示“发现”，句中的 provided 用作连词，意为“如果”。

10. 选C.既然书不够，不能每人一本，所以有些人只能share(分享)了。

11. 选C.accept 意为“同意”、“接受”，注意不能选D，因为 agree 后不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。

12. 选D.realize 在此的意思不是“实现”，而是指“使(不安、恐惧等)成为事实”。

13. 选A，work 在此的意思是“起作用”、“奏效”。

14. 选B.work 在此的意思是“运作”、“运转”。

15. 选D.spend 和 cost 均可表示“花费”，但句型不同：spend + 时间或金钱 + on sth (in doing sth)，cost + 某人或某机构 + 金钱或时间。

16. 选D.由句意和常识推知。

17. 选C.miss 指“错过”。

18. 选C，由句子的语境可推知。

19. 选A，save 指“省去(劳力等)”。

20. 选B.

21. 选A，expects 在此不是表示“期待”，而是表示“预料”。

22. 选C，achieve 意为“完成”、“做到”。其余三项均不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。

寒假--被动语态 篇6

The children are looked after well.

孩子被照顾得很好。

the children和look after是被动关系。

The woman looks after the children.

这位妇女照看这些孩子。(主语是look after的执行者)

通常只有及物动词才有被动语，但不及物动词加上介词后也可以有被动语态，但介词不可以省去。今天主要复习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、正在进行时和过去进行及情态动词的被动语态，动词的被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态改变。

一. 1. 一般现在时的被动语态

动词由is/ am/ are+动词的过去分词构成。is, am, are随人称改变。例：

Rice is grown in the south of China.

中国的南方种水稻。

I am often told to be careful by my mother.

我经常被妈妈告诉要小心。

Trees are planted every spring.

树每年春天植。

2. 一般过去时的被动语态，动词由was/ were+过去分词构成。例：

The boy was hit by a car yesterday.

这个男孩昨天被车撞了。

The chairs were repaired yesterday morning.

这些椅子昨天上午修好了。

3. 一般将来时的被动语态，动词由will/ shall+be+过去分词构成，或者由be going to be done构成。例：

A new school will be built here next year.

一所新的学校明年将在这里建成。

The roads are going to be widened soon.

路很快就会被加宽。

4. 现在完成时的被动语态，由have/ has been+过去分词构成。例：

The sick man has been taken to the hospital.

那个病人已经被带到医院去了。

The hospitals have been built already.

这些医院已经被建成了。

5. 正在进行时的被动语态，由is/ am/ are+being+过去分词构成。例：

The meeting is being had now.

会正开着。

The water is being cleaned by the workers.

水正由工人们弄干净。

6. 过去进行时的被动语态。was/ were+being+过去分词。例：

A book was being borrowed by me at this time yesterday.

昨天这个时候我在借书。

7. 情态动词的被动语态。情态动词can/ may/ must/ should+be+过去分词。

The work can be done tomorrow.

这个工作可以明天做。

The composition must be finished today.

今天作文必须写完。

二. 主动语态和被动语态的转换

主动语态和被动语态可以相互转换，通常有以下三个步骤来完成：

(1)宾语变主语(即将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语)

(2)变动词(即将主动语态的动词随时态变成相应的被动语态的动词形式)

(3)加by短语(即将主动语态的主语放于by的后面，主格变宾格，有时不必指出可以省去)

例：

They speak English every day.

(主动语态)他们每天说英语。

English is spoken by them every day.

People grow cotton in the south.

Cotton is grown in the south.(by短语省去)

They cleaned the room last night.

The room was cleaned last night.

同样被动语态变为主动语态正好相反，例：

Was the book written by the boy?

Did the boy write the book?

三. 带有双宾语及省“to”不定式作宾补的句子变化。

1. 带有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语，通常有两种变化，既可以提前间宾，也可以提前直宾。例：

They gave me some advice on English study.

I was given some advice on English study by them.

Some advice on English study was given to me by them.

2. 省去“to”的不定式作宾补变为被动语再加“to”。例：

He made the boy work all day.

The boy was made to work all day.

I saw them come into the room.

They were seen to come into the room by me.

【模拟试题】(答题时间：40分钟)

一. 1. Meimei’s TV set ____________ at the moment.

A. is mending B. has mending

C. is being mended D. is mended

2. Listen! A new song ____________ in their classroom.

A. teaches B. taught

C. is teaching D. is being taught

3. My computer ____________ by him when I went to get it back.

A. was using B. was being used

C. was used D. had used

4. Those trees ____________ at this time last year.

A. planted B. were planting

C. were being planted D. had been planting

5. The classroom ____________. It’s quite clean now.

A. is sweeping B. is swept

C. sweeps D. has been swept

6. This story ____________ many times, but people still like to listen to it.

A. has been told B. has telling

C. is told D. would tell

7. When we got to the farm, the apples ____________.

A. had picked B. had been picked

C. were picking D. picked up

8. Before I bought this radio, it ____________ for two years.

A. was used B. had used

C. had been used D. used

9. The paper ____________ away if you didn’t tell me not.

A. would throw B. will be thrown

C. would been thrown D. would be thrown

10. I never knew that I ____________ around the school by the headmaster.

A. was shown B. would be shown

C. was show D. would show

11. Young trees ____________ good care of, or they will die early.

A. must take B. must taken

C. must have taken D. must be taken

12. Bikes ____________ in the middle of the road.

A. can’t be put B. can’t put

C. can’t be putted D. can’t be putting

13. This book is no use. I mean it ____________ away.

A. can throw B. can be thrown

C. can’t thrown D. mustn’t be thrown

14. This kind of bike ____________ in that shop, but I’m not sure.

A. must be bought B. can’t bought

C. can be buying D. may be bought

15. This kind of thing ____________ already ____________ somewhere in the world.

A. has been, happened B. has, happened

C. will, happen D. are, happening

16. The moon ____________ once a year, is that right?

A. is visiting B. has visited

C. is visited D. visits

17. The old bridge ____________ hundreds of years ago.

A. is building B. was built

C. built D. was building

18. Spaceships without people ____________ some other parts of the universe years ago.

A. have reached B. were reached

C. reached D. had been reached

19. --- How clean and tidy your classroom is!

--- Yes. It ____________ every day.

A. is cleaned B. was cleaned

C. was cleaning D. is cleaning

20. That building ____________ in our home town now.

A. is building B. building

C. is being built D. was built

21. Can you play games with us when your homework ____________?

A. is finished B. will finish

C. finish D. will be finished

22. I believe that those mountains ____________ by the trees in a few years.

A. are covered B. will be covered

C. are covering D. will cover

23. Older people ____________.

A. should be spoken politely

B. must speak to politely

C. should speak to polite

D. should be spoken to politely

24. The baby ____________ by his grandparents from Monday to Friday.

A. was taken care B. was taken care of

C. was looked at D. was looking at

25. This painting ____________ to a museum in New York in .

A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. was selling

二. 将下列句子变成被动语态

1. Mother gave me a new desk as a present.

2. I made my little brother a model ship last week.

3. Ann told me a funny story on our way to school.

4. He often passes me my pen.

5. Did he buy you the book you wanted?

6. Li made his brother clean the room.

7. I saw him go into the classroom.

8. We often hear her sing beautiful songs in the next room.

9. Did he often help the old granny do the housework?

10. Who often watch them play football?

【试题答案】

一.

1-5 CDBCD 6-10 ABCDB 11-15 DABDB

16-20 CBAAC 21-25 ABDBC

二. 1. A new desk was given to me as a present by mother.

或I was given a new desk as a present by mother.

2. My little brother was made a model ship by me last week.

或A model ship was made for my little brother by me last week.

3. A funny story was told to me by Ann on our way to school.

或I was told a funny story by Ann on our way to school.

4. I am often passed my pen by him.

My pen is often passed to me by him.

5. Was the book you wanted bought for you?

或Were you bought the book you wanted?

6. His brother was made to clean the room.

7. He was seen to go into the classroom.

8. She is often heard to sing beautiful songs in the next room.

9. Was the old granny often helped to do the housework?