初中英语连词知识点总结（精选3篇）
连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子作用。连词主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词表示单词、短语、从句或句子间有并列关系。分为：表平行或对等关系的连词、表转折关系的连词、表选择关系的连词、表因关系的连词
一、并列连词：
1.and “和” ；both…and…“……和……两个都” ；as well as“也”
not only…but also…“不但……而且……”;neither…nor…“既不……也不……” 例My mother bought me a present,and I like it very much.我妈妈买了一件礼物给我，我很喜欢He can speak not only English but also French.他会说英语还会说法语。
2.but“但是”；yet“然而”；while“而”；however“然而”
例： Lucy likes red while Lily likes white。露西喜欢红的，然而莉莉喜欢白的。
3.or“或者”；either…or…“要么……要么……”
注：由or 连接的句子可以转换为有否定条件构成的主从复合句。
Eg：Study hard，or you’ll fail the exam.=If you don’t study hard,you’ll fail the exam.努力学习，否则你考试会失败的。
Either you or he goes.“要么你去，要么他去”。
4.表因果关系的并列连词so “所以，因此”;for “因为”
Eg：Kate was ill so she didn’t go to school.凯特病了所以没去学校。
I have to stay up，for I have lots of homework to do。我必须熬夜，因为我有很多作业。
二、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词。
1.because（因为),so（所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一.eg：Because he was tired,he couldn’t walk here.=He was tired,so he couldn’t walk there.因为他很累，所以走不到这里。
2.although/though（虽然），but（但是）不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但although/though和 yet 可以同时出现在一个句子里（yet 用作副词）
Eg:Though he was tired,he still worked hard.=He was tired,but he still worked hard.：虽然他很累，但是她仍然坚持工作
三、and 和or 用于否定句中的区别
1)当列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前时用and连接；而当列举成分在否定词之后时，用“or”构成完全否定.Eg：I can’t sing or dance.我不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。
Lucy and lily can’t speak Chinese.露西和莉莉都不会说汉语。
在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词那么用“and”而不用“or”
Eg：There is no water and no air on the moon.月球上没有水也没有空气。
2)在否定句中，without +and；而在肯定句中，without+or,构成完全否定。
Eg：Man can’t live without air and water=Man will die without air or water.五、由 either……or….., neither……nor……,not only……but also……连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。（就近原则）
a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。
eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch.
b.There be结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。
c.There is a river near our school.
否：There is not a river near our school.
问：Is there a river near our school.
回答：Yes,there is.No,there isn’t.
划⑴How many rivers are there near our school?
⑵What’s near our school?
d.there be结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be
e.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass,is there?
①There is going to _____ a football match this afternoon.
A.have B.watch C.be D.play
②They were sure that they were going to ____ a rest.
A.be B.have C.be on D.on
2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。
a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。
eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps.
So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.
b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语，表示某人也不。
eg.Mother has never been to Japan.
Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan,either.
c.So+主语+be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。
eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.
B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.
3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。
⑴It’s two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)
⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了
4.祈使句+and(那么)...
5.祈使句+or...否则...
eg.Work hard,or you will fall behind the other students.
=If you don’t work hard,you’ll fall behind the other.
6.The+比较级...，the+比较级...越...越...
eg.⑴The more,the better.越多越好。
⑵The harder you work on it,the better you’ll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。)
7.How do you like the film?=What do you think of the film?(你认为这部电影怎样?)
8.What...do with...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?
虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.
eg.A:What have you done with the library book?
B:I’ve just returned it to the library.
9.I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办?
I don’t know how to do.×10.What...be like?...是什么样的?
eg.⑴What’s the weather like?天气如何?
⑵What’s your school like?你们学校是什么样的?
11.What...for?为何目的?为什么?
eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?
12.one of+最高级+复数最...之一
eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.
13.find it+形容词+to do
eg.I find it useful to learn English well.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)
find+宾语+名词eg.I find him a good boy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)
find+宾语+形容词eg.I find the door open/closed.(我发现门开/关着)
I find our bags filled with/full of presents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)
14.I don’t think+肯定句我想...不
eg.I don’t think I’ll take it.(我想我不买它了)
请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。
15.prefer A to B=like A better than B更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.
eg.I prefer fish to chicken.=I like fish better than chicken
eg.Go straight on and you’ll see a school.=If you go straight on,you’ll see a school.
16.had better do sth.最好干某事.
否定:had better not do sth.
特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.
eg.You’d better catch a train.
You’d better not talk in class.
You’d better not be late for the class.
17.It is good(nice)of+宾格+to do sth.
eg.It is very good of you to teach me English.(你教我英语真是太好了)
18.It takes sb.some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)
=sb.spend some time on sth.(in)doing sth.
eg.It took me half an hour to do the work.=I spent half anhourin doing the work.
19.sb.pay钱for物某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend钱on物=物cost sb.钱
pay的过去式为paid而不是payed.
eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat.
=I spent thirty yuan on the coat.
=The coat cost me thirty yuan.
20.have been to某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿
sb.have been in+地点某人呆在某地(一段时间)
have gone to某人已去某地,人不在这儿
21.⑴too…形容词(副词)+to…“太…而不能”“太…以致于不”
eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carry.这篮子太重我拿不动。
②This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。
⑵so...that如此...以致于...
上面的too...to结构的句子，可以换成so...that引导的句子转换。
①The basket is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
②This colour TV is so expensive that we can’t afford it.
22.What’s the population of...?...人口有多少?
不说How much population in...?形容人口数量的大用large
eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA
23.I’ve come to return your pan.(我跑来是还你锅的)→Why have you come?而不用What
24.not...until(连词)方才，才
eg.He says that he won’t be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。
肯定句+until到
eg.You’d better wait until tomorrow.(你最好等到明天)
25.neither...nor...既不...也不...
either...or...或者...或者...
eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word“hundred”.
Either you or she is right.(谓语动词就近原则)
both...and...两者都...
eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One(主语看作复数)
初中英语重点短语整理
1.put down放下shut down把…关上cut down砍掉
come down下来、落下slow down减缓、放慢sit down坐下
write down写下get down下来,降落
2.after all毕竟.终究after that于是.然后day after day日复一日地
one after another相继.挨次soon after不久以后the day after tomorrow后天
3.come up with找到、提出catch up with赶上wake up弄醒、醒来
send up发射open up开设、开办grow up长大
pick up拾起、捡起hands up举手eat up吃光
clean up打扫干净give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事
4.arrive at/in+n.到达get to+n.到达reach+n.到达arrive/get+adv.到达
5.get…back退还,送回去.取回give back归还come back回来
at the back of在…的后面on the way(back)home在回家路上
6.at least至少at breakfast早餐时at desk在桌前at once立刻,马上at school在上学at the same time同时at work在工作588.es
be good at=do well in善长laugh at嘲笑not…at all一点也不at first起初
at night在晚上at noon中午at the age of//when sb.was…years old在…岁时at last/in the end/finally最后、终于at the beginning of the twenty-first century在21世纪初
at the end of在…终点、结尾at the moment/now现在at the foot of在…脚下at Christmas在圣诞节at any moment任何时候at times(sometimes)有时,偶尔at the doctor’s在医务室be bad at不善长
7.for example例如for ever永远be good for对…有益be bad for对…有害for long=for a long time长期for short简称be short for是…的简称
TV is short for“television”
8.come true实现come down下来come from=be from来自,出生于
come in/into进入,进来come on赶快come over过来come along走吧,过来,快点come and go来来去去come up上来come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
9.even though=even if即使、虽然、尽管
10.be pleased with对…感到满意be covered with被…覆盖
be expected to do sth.被期望做某事be proud of以…自豪
speak highly of称赞be afraid of害怕hear of听说(hear from sb.收到某人的来信)of cause=certainly当然可以plenty of=a lot of许多
11.by the way顺便说by oneself单独,独自by the end of到…为至
by the time(引起时间状语从句)到…的时候one by one依次
by air/plane乘飞机by bus/train/car乘公共汽车/火车/轿车
(catch a bus赶公交车get on/off the bus上/下车take a bus to…=go to…by bus乘车去)
12.do/try one’s best尽力do one’s homework做家庭作业do(the/some)shopping购物
do the cooking烹饪do some cleaning打扫
do the/some washing洗衣服do sport做运动do with sb/sth.处理well done干得好
13.early in the morning一大早in the early spring初春in my early days我幼年时期early bus早班车
14.make a contribution to贡献给、捐献make a telephone call to sb./ring sb.up/give sb.a call/phone sb.给某人打电话connect…to…把…与…连接起来be close to靠近(某地)
give birth to生(孩子)lose to sb输给sb.
15.either…or…或者…或者..on either side of the stree t街道任何一边
(on each side of the street街道每一边on both sides of the street街道两边)
16.keep doing sth.不停地做某事(表示状态继续)keep on doing sth.坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行)practise doing sth.练习做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
finish doing sth.做完某事go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事)
17.go on to do sth.接着做某事(另一事)go straight along沿着…一直往前走
go down下降,go for a walk散,go over复习go shopping买东西,go to the cinema去看电影
go well进展顺利,go off to动身前往,go out外出,go to work去上班,go up上升,
want a go想试一试
18.think about考虑(think of认为、想起、考虑、想到think over仔细考虑think out想出)
talk about谈论,worry about担心,How/What about…?…怎么样?
19.borrow…from…从…借….(lend…to…把…借给…)from door to door挨家挨,
from time to time时时from now on从今以后from then on从那以后
be different from与…不同learn…from…向…学习
20.get dressed穿衣get into进入get/be lost丢失get off/on下/上车
get on well with sb.与某人相处得好get out of从…出来get ready for+n.为…做准备get ready to do sth.准备做某事get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡(be asleep睡着)get warm变暧get well康复get a chance有机会、得到机会
21.look for寻找wait for等候look after=take care of照看look like看起来像
look over检查,复习look out小心,从里向外看look the same看起来一样
look up向上看,查单词,look around环视look forward to期望look through温习,检查
22.set off出发、动身put off推迟keep off避开、不靠近…drop off放下(某物)
turn off关jump off跳离,take off脱(衣)(飞机)起飞
23.half a kilo半千克half an hour半小时in half分成两半half of the day半天
24.do eye exercises做眼保健操do morning exercises做早操
take(more)exercise(多)参加体育锻炼an exercise book练习本588.es
25.take part in参加hand in上交in hospital住院in surprise吃惊地in the sun在阳光下in trouble处于困境in a minute/moment马上
26.leave for…动身去某地
27.feed on以…为主食live on继续活着base on以…为根据carry on坚持、继续下去and so on等等on the other hand另一方面on foot步行
28.be famous for以..著名be excited about+n./V-ing对…感到兴奋be interested in对…感兴趣be born出生be busy with sth.—be busy doing sth.忙于…be amazed at对..感到惊讶
29.make sure确信make a dialogue编对话make a mistake犯错误by mistake由于疏忽make a noise吵闹make faces做鬼脸make friends(with)和..交朋友make room for给..让地方make tea沏茶make money赚钱make a decision作出决定
30.used to do sth过去常常做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
31.forget to do sth.忘记做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
decide to do sth.决定做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
32.hear sb.to do(doing)sth.听见某人做某事
33.help sb.(to)do sth.//help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事with one’s help在某人的帮助下with pleasure乐意
34.in the first第一for the first time第一次at first起初a firs t language母语first of all首先
35.leave a message for sb.给某人留条give/take sb.a message给某人捎口信
36.take photos/pictures照像take away拿走take out取出work out算出
take care当心take medicine服药take one’s temperature量体温
take one’s time别着急take a walk散步take place发生
37.learn by oneself/teach oneself自学learn by heart背熟
38.have a try尝试,努力try out尝试、试验find out/about找出,查明have a good/wonderful/great/time玩得开心have a(bad)cold(重)感冒have a meeting/walk/watch开会/散步/比赛have sports进行体育活动
have nothing/sth.to do with与..无(有)关have no idea不知道
have(one’s)medicine服药
39.win first prize获一等奖
40.all over the world=around the world=throughout the world全世界
41.all kinds of各种各样的
42.neither…nor既不…也不…
43.not only…but also…不但…而且,both…and……和…都
44.the more,the better越多越好
52.all one’s life一生
53.as soon as一…就…as soon as possible尽可能早地、尽快as well=too也
as much as至多as little as至少regard…as把…当作…as if好像
54.no matter无论…
55 ever since从那以后,此后一直
56.so far到目前为止or so大约
57.three times a week一周三次
58.the number of…的数量a(large/good)number of/large numbers of/many许多
59.less than少于less and less越来越少
60.not…until…直到…才…
61.feel like+n./V-ing想要would like to想要
62.wash away冲走run away逃跑take away带走
63.before long不久long before/ago很久以前for long=for a long time长期
no longer=not..any longer不再
64.more or less=about或多或少大约more than=over多于,超过
65.every year每年every four years每隔四年every other day每隔一天
66.next to紧挨着next door隔壁,邻居next year明年next time下次
67.receive/get/have a letter from sb.=hear from sb收到某人的来信
68.on show=on display展览588.es
69.be filled with/be full of充满…
70.thank to=because of由于
71.some day=one day(将来)某一天all day终日day and night日日夜夜
in a day or two一两天内in the old days从前,旧社会from day to day(day after day)日复一日the day before yesterday前天the day after tomorrow后天Tree Planting Day植树节Women’s Day妇女节
72.keep/stop/prevent…(from)doing sth.防止(阻止)…做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事
73.a place(places)of interest名胜
74.credit card信用卡
75.point at/to指向
76.by sea=by ship乘船by the sea=on the sea在海边at sea在海上
77.set one’s mind to do sth.一心想做某事
78.See you!再见You see.你知道你明白,你瞧Let me see.让我想想see sb.Off给某人送行see a/the doctor看病see sb.do/doing sth.看见某人做某事
79 some…others一些(人,物)…其他(人,物)one…another一个..另一个(三者或以上)one…the other一个…另一个(总数二个)
80.be worn out穿旧，磨坏check out核实，检查write out写出
take sth.out of从…拿出/取出某物
81.in this way用这种方法in a few year’s time几年以后in space在太空
in and out of class在课内课外in the last fifteen minutes在最后十五分钟里
in the second half在下半场later in one’s life在某人后半身in the air在空中
in the open air在户外
82.have been to去过某地have gone to到某地去了
93.be far behind+某人(He is far behind others.他落后于别人)
94.one of+adj.最高级+复数名词
95.take+某物+with+某人(You’d better take an umbrella with you.你最好带上雨伞)
96.prefer to=like…better than宁愿,更喜欢prefer+V-ing(to do sth.)(I prefer doing(to do)it myself.我喜欢自己做那件事).
Would/should等情态动词+prefer+不定式.(I would prefer to do it myself.我宁愿自己做那件事),prefer+名词(v-ing)+to+名词(v-ing)(I prefer learning English to playing football.我愿意学英语而不愿踢足球);588.es
prefer+不定式(名词)+rather than+不带to的不定式,(I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我喜欢走着去那里,而不愿乘车),
prefer+名词(代词)to do sth.(We prefer her not to come.我们宁愿她不来)
97.人+spend+time(money)+(in)doing sth.(I spent over two hours(in)finishing my homework.我花了两个多小时完成家庭作业.),人+spend+time(money)+on+名词,(He spent 1,000 on the TV set.他花了一千元买电视机).人+pay+money+for+sth.(He p aid ten yuan for the book.他花了10元钱买那本书.)It+takes(will take,/took…)+sb.+time(money)+to do sth.(It’ll take you only ten minutes to get there by bus.乘车去那里只花你10分钟).物+cost+(sb.)+money,(The dictionary cost me 20 yuan.我花20元钱买了那本词典)
98.do with+sb./sth.(What have you done with the pork?那些肉你怎么处理了?)
99.mind+if从句,(Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不反对吧?)mind+V-ing,(Would you mind turning on the TV?打开电视你不反对吧?)
100.what…for?/why…?(What do you learn English for?=Why do you learn English?)
101.need+名词(v-ing),(The students need some help.学生们需要帮助.This pair of shoes needs mending.这双鞋需要修理)
102.“be used for+名词(v-ing),”被用来做..(A writing brush is used for writing.)“be used as+名词”,被作为…使用(English is used as the first language in none of these countries.)“be used by+动作执行者”,被…使用
103.be made of由…制造(This table is made of wood.这张课桌是木制的)
be made from由…制成(This kind of paper is made from wood.这种纸是用木材制成的)
be made in+地点,“某地制造”(These cars are made in Germany)
be made by+人,“由谁制造的”(This kite is made by Kate.)
104.more developed countries发达国家less developed countries不发达国家
developing countries发展中国家
105.be worth+money(V-ing),值…钱.值得做…This car is worth more than two million yuan in China.This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读.
106.the Summer Palace颐和园Tian’anmen Square天安门广场the Palace Museum故宫the Great Hall of the People人民大会堂the Temple of Heaven天坛
the Great Green Wall绿色长城PLA中国人民解放军PRC中华人民共和国
the Party中国共产党the League共青团Peking Opera京剧
107.so+形/副+that从句(The place is so cold that nothing can grow in winter.这地方太冷，冬天什么都不长)so+many/few+复数名词+that从句(He has so many books that I don’t know which one to borrow.他有那么多书,我不知道借哪一本)
so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句(She has so little money that she can’t buy anything.她钱太少,什么也买不到.)
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句(This is so good a book that all of us like reading it),such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句(This is such an interesting story that all of us like it),such+形容词+复数名词+that从句.such+形容词+不可数名词+that从句(It is such fine weather today that many children are playing outside)
108.tell sb about sth.告诉某人关于某事tell sb+从句tell sb.to do sth.让某人做某事
tell a lie说谎tell a story讲故事thank you for+n./V-ing谢谢你
…too+adj./adv.+to+v.太…而不能too much(修饰名词)太多,过分
much too(修饰adj./adv.)太
（一）掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；
1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：
词尾加-s look-looks find-finds
以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾词尾加-es watch-watches,push-pushes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-es fly-flies,apply-applies
2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成：
①规则动词的变化：
词尾加-ed look-looked,looked
以e结尾词尾加-d live-lived,lived
以“辅音字母+Y”结尾，变y为i，再加-ed carry-carried,carried
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped
②不规则动词的变化。（略）
3、动词的现在分词的构成：
直接加-ing look-looking watch-watching
以e结尾去e加-ing come-coming move-moving
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing swim-swimming
以ie结尾且为重读开音节变ie加y再加ing die-dying lie-lying
（二）掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）
1、一般现在时
①一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作，与always,usually,often,sometimes,every day(week,month)等连用；表示现在的事实或状态；表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。
②一般现在时的构成：
一般现在时通常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词原形后需加-s或-es。
She likes biology very much.她非常喜欢生物。
They often go to school by bike.他们通常骑车上学。
2、一般过去时
①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday,last week,two hours ago等连用；表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作，这时可与频度副词often,usually,always等连用；表示过去发生的一连串动作，以及在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
②一般过去时的构成：一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。
We met each other on the street yesterday.我们昨天在街上碰见了。
She often went swimming last year.她去年经常去游泳。
They moved the chairs to the table,sat down and began to have supper.他们把椅子搬到桌边，坐下开始吃饭。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
3、一般将来时
①一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如next month,tomorrow,in a week,soon等连用。
②一般将来时的构成：
（1）一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。其中shall主要用于主语是第一人称（I和we）的疑问句中。
（2）也可以用“be going to+动词原形”这个结构来表示根据目前迹象很有可能发生的某件事情，或是打算、计划、以及决定要做某件事情等。
They will have a class meeting next Tuesday.他们下周二将举行班会。
We shall meet at the school gate.我们将在学校大门口见。
It is going to rain.要下雨了。
4、现在进行时
①现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常与now,at present,at this,moment等连用；或与these days,this week/month等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。有时还与always,continually,forever等词连用，表示反复出现的动作，代替一般现在时，表达说话人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如：588.es
He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。
②现在进行时的构成：
现在进行时由“be(am/is/are)+V-ing”构成。
They are watching TV now.他们正在看电视。
The dog is enjoying his meal.小狗正在吃饭。
5、过去进行时
①过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同，只不过参照的时间基准点不同。
过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如：then,at that time,at eight yesterday,this time yesterday,when he came in等。
②过去进行时的构成与现在进行时类似，只不过把be(am,is,are)变为过去式（was,were）
They were watching TV at that time.他们那会正在看电视。
The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday.小狗昨天这个时候正在吃饭。
6、现在完成时
①表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在，常与already,just,yet等副词连用；或是表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。
②现在完成时由助动词“have/has+过去分词”构成。
He has already come back.他已经回来了。
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。
（三）掌握系动词be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep等的基本用法
常见的连系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,fall等。它们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。
Please keep the classroom clean.请保持教室的干净。
The bread looks very fresh.这些面包看上去很新鲜。
（四）了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；
①过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相同，只是把will,shall变为过去式would,should，把助动词be的过去式变为过去式was或were而已。如：
They were going to have a meeting.他们曾打算开会。
②过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。与现在完成的用法相同，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。它表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常by,before引导的时间状语连用。如：
By the time he was ten,Edison had built a lab for himself.到爱迪生10岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。
（五）掌握助动词be,do,have,shall,will的基本用法；
助动词是“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。
常见的助动词有：
（1）be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)与现在分词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。
I’m looking for my pen.我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）
These cups are made in China.这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）
（2）have(has,had,having)与过去分词结合，构成完成时。
They have known each other for twenty years.他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）
He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。（过去完成时）
（3）do(does,did)助动词do后只能跟动词原形，与not及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。
He does not speak English.他不说英语。
When did he come back?他什么时候回来的？
（4）will(would),shall(should)will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would是will的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。
The plane will arrive in ten minutes.飞机十分中后将要到达。
I was sure we would win.我确信用我们会赢。
shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。
We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow.我们明天将在校门口见。
I told them that I should do the work alone.我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。
（一）掌握情态动词can,must,need,may等基本句型结构及主要用法
①情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。
②情态动词的种类：
can could能
may might可以（或许）
must must(had to)必须（不得不）
will would愿意
shall should应该
need needed需要
dare dared敢于
③can的用法
（1）表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。
The boy can swim very well.Who can answer this question?
（2）表示允许
The students can leave after the meeting.When can I get the news?
（3）表示推测
It can be wrong.Who can your new teacher next term?
④could的用法
（1）can的过去式，表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。
They could run very fast when they were young.Could you speak English at that time?
（2）表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。
Could I borrow your bike?
Could you listen to me carefully?
（3）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度
How could that be?
She couldn’t know me.⑤must的用法
（1）．表示义务，命令或必要
You must finish it before 5 o’clock.Must I hand it in now?
（2）．表示肯定的推测：一定
She must be a pretty girl.You must be wrong.⑥need的用法588.es
(1)表示“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
We need to pay more attention.Need I call him for you?
（2）need引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must，否定回答时用needn’t。
Need he come?他必须来吗？
Yes,he must.是的，必须来。
No,he needn’t.不，他不必来。
⑦may的用法
（1）表示请求、许可、可以
May I ask you some questions?
May we start now?
（2）表示推测说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。
He may be 25 years old.We may come back in three days.（3）may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。
May you success!
May you have a nice trip！
⑧should的用法
should意思是“应该”，表示劝告或建议（=ought to）
Who should I meet this afternoon?
You should pack you bag quickly.（二）了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（p.p.）”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化亦如此。
1．一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are+done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world.世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday.每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+done)
The cup was broken by the boy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last.他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen.我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时的被动语态(will/shall be+done;would/should be+done)
A speech will be given this afternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year.明年要修一条新马路。
I think thousands of people will be helped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
（三）了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法
情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。如：
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）
Can tables be made of stone?桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）
（四）动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语和状语（包括目的状语，结果状语和原因状语。）
1）作主语
To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高兴。
It is difficult to drive in the mountains.(=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)
在山里开车很困难。
2）作宾语
①后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表示“意愿”、“企图”等的动词，如：
hope,want,wish,desire,like,decide,try，promise,refuse.I want to talk with her.我想和她谈谈。
She has decided to go.她已决定要走。
②在feel,find,think,consider,made等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，而补语是形容词，则通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后。如：
I find it impossible to forget her.我发现忘掉她是不可能的。
He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他认为带把伞是必要的。
3）作表语
Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成为一名教师。
Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任务是打扫教室。
4）作宾语补足语
He wants me to come earlier.他想要我来得更早些。
The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他们转过身。
5）作目的状语：
She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打开窗子好让新鲜空气进来。
I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那儿看她了。
6）作结果状语：
He is too tired to go any further.他太累了，不能再走了。
He is not old enough to join the army.他年龄太小，不能参军。
7）作原因状语：
不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词之后，可以表示引起这些情感的原因。
I’m sorry to trouble you.真抱歉给你带来麻烦。
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