高一英语句子翻译练习(精选6篇)
2. 比起开车,我同桌更喜欢骑自行车。(prefer to do rather than do)
3. 这是我哥第二次用英语和别人交流。(this is the second time that…)
4. 即使我们发现完成这个任务有点难,我们还是提前完成了它。(even if; schedule; it形式宾语)
5. 信不信由你,没有标准英语这样东西。
6. 我们班主任是一个很容易相处的人,因为她可靠,诚实且关心别人。(get along with;care about)
7. 曾经我梦想成为一名科学家,但现在我对医学变得痴迷。(there was a time; dream of; be crazy about)
8. 自从来,安吉县的汽车数量增长迅速。(ever since; the number of;increase)
9. 圣诞节快到了,孩子们迫不及待想庆祝了。
10.老师坚持我们写日记来记下这次有趣的经历。(insist; keep a diary; set down)
11. 就我而言,环境对一个人的成长起着重要的作用(in my view; growth; environment; play a part)。
12. 我堂姐星期五要去西湖。这是她第三次去那里了。(be doing; this is the … time that…)
13. 他坚定的表情告诉我们,谁都无法改变他的想法。(change one’s mind)
14、妈妈坚持认为我应该在10点以前睡觉。(insist)
15、地震发生的时候我叔叔正在楼上睡觉。(when)
16、一旦她来组织这次活动,你就知道她是一个很固执但很有决心的人。(once; determined)
17、直到她再次被一家公司拒绝,她才意识到学习一门外语的重要性。(It was not until… that…;realize the importance of… )
18、越来越多的人在为环境和污染感到担忧。(be concerned about)
19、---你的学习情况最近如何?(get along with)---我在拼写上有点困难。(have trouble with/doing sth)
20、比起看电视,大部分青少年更喜欢上网。(prefer )
21. 这位法官精通3门外语。(judge; command)
22. 因为生病,校长没有参加会议。(because of; present at)
23. 我妹妹有许多兴趣爱好,比如听音乐,看书,骑自行车等。
24. 众所周知,天气在农业中起着重要作用。
25. 从宁波大学毕业后,我阿姨就一直在那家公司上班。(ever since; graduate from; have been doing)
26、地理对方言的形成起着重要的作用。它被认为是最主要的因素。(be recognized as the main factor)
27、有段时间我感到非常孤独,因为我在交友上有困难。
28. 我堂姐最终劝服我去沿着整条河骑自行车。(persuade, cycle)
30. 她下决心要考上浙江大学(be determined to)。她从小就梦想着上一所好的大学。(dream about)
31、她在这个计划的成功上起着重要的作用。
32、我爸爸下个月要去美国参加一个重要的会议。10点的飞机。(be doing; take off)
33、随着我们渐渐长大,我们对事的态度会发生改变。
34、有许多矿工被埋在废墟里。士兵们、医生们立即被派去拯救他们。(bury; rescue)
35、这次可怕的地震使许多孩子无家可归,而且,有大量的房屋被破坏。(leave; destroy; a great number of)
36、医生们建议受伤的人立即被送往中心医院。(suggest; the injured; right away)
37、从她脸上的表情来看,她现在过着幸福的生活。(judging from; lead a … life)
38、这是四川省第三次发生地震了。
39、自然灾难有很多,比如地震,台风(typhoon),洪水,,旱灾(drought)等等。
40、这次严重的事故造成很多乘客受伤或死亡。有些死者的身份很难识别。现场令人恐惧。
41、并非所有的学生都对画画感兴趣。
42、电梯坏了,你们最好马上请人修一下。对于我们这些住在顶上的人来说,电梯真是太重要了。
43、她尚未从痛苦中恢复过来。从她脸上的表情就可以看出来。
44、如果你能给我一些如何学好英语的建议,我将不甚感激。
45、我们正打算去溜狗的时候天开始下雨了。(be about to do….)
46、奇怪的事情不断地发生,但河北人民没有对它引起重视。(think little of)
47、我们提前完成了老师给我们的任务,这一点让老师很兴奋。
48、作为高中生,你应该充分利用你的业余时间来丰富知识。
49、美满的婚姻是建立在相互信任的基础上的。(marry? Marriage? be based on ; mutual trust)
50、即使我已经失败多次了,我还是不会向困难低头的。(even if; give in to)
51、老师要求我们必须掌握这个词语的用法。(request; have a good command of; )
52、我真的希望你能接受我的建议,这对你学好英语口语有帮助。
53、我邻居最终说服他女儿改变了主意。(persuade; change one’s mind)
54、她的西班牙语说的如此流利以致于大家公认她是天才。(so… that…; recognise… to be a genius)
55、他太兴奋而不能表达他对警察的感谢。(too… to;)
56、他被困在电梯里的时候感到极度恐惧。(trap)
57、我认为与同学们友好相处是有好处的。(find it good …)
58、这部电影是以张爱玲写的小说为基础的。(be based on)
59、根据调查,现在在中国学习英语的人数在迅速增长。(according to; the number of; )
60、大学毕业后,我们终于有了这个骑自行车旅行的机会。
61、首先我想感谢我的朋友,是你们与我患难与共。我为你们骄傲。(express my thanks to; be proud of)
62、我对你的态度取决于你对我的态度。(be determined by)
63、昨天我偶遇一位老同学。但她变化如此之大以至于刚开始我没认出她。(so… that…; recognize)
64、渐渐地,这位来自非洲的小伙子和本地人相处得很好了。
一、句子翻译练习的理论基础-词块理论
词汇组块是“一串作为整体储存在脑中的词, 可被以预置板块的形式提取和使用, 其形式可以原封不动, 或是稍作改动” (Willis, 1990) 。词块的长度并不固定, 一般由多个词构成, 形式介于单个单词和句子之间。Lewis (1997) 把组块分为四种类型: (1) 单词和短语; (2) 句子框架和引语等; (3) 搭配 (较高频率出现的单词组合) ; (4) 惯用话语 (形式固定或半固定、具有固定或半固定语用功能的单词组合) 。其中前三种词块类型在高考英语的书面表达中起着十分重要的作用, 也恰恰是学生的薄弱之处。而句子翻译练习融合了单词短语、句子框架和引语、搭配的练习, 对上文所提到的学生书面表达的薄弱之处进行针对性练习, 能有效帮助学生提高写作能力。
二、句子翻译练习的具体实施及其对写作的促进作用
高三阶段的句子翻译练习主要分为两个部分-基础句型练习和拓展句型练习, 分别安排在一轮和二轮复习中。其中基础句型主要为学生夯实基础, 帮助他们避免写作中出现错误, 适合所有基础的学生;拓展句型练习主要是在基础句型的基础上加大难度, 多为复杂句, 翻译时鼓励学生使用高级句型和词汇。这种复杂句型能帮助学生流利准确地写作, 同时使他们的文章更加优美和原汁原味。
1. 基础句型练习。
基础句型练习主要包括五个基本句型: (1) 主语+不及物动词 (S+Vi) (2) 主语+系动词+表语 (S+Vi+P) (3) 主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+Vt+O) (4) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) (5) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+Vt+O+OC) 教师可将课文内容融入到句子翻译练习中, 尽量在练习中出现近期新授的单词和短语。如在教授Module 9 Unit 1的时候, 教师可编写以下五个基本句型练习: (1) 主语+不及物动词 (S+Vi) 。他不得不让步。He had to compromise. (2) 主语+系动词+表语 (S+Vi+P) 。他在生意上很精明。He is acute in business. (3) 主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+Vt+O) 。救援飞机正努力确定失踪船员的位置。Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors. (4) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) 。由于缺乏人手, 公司会给你派来更多的工作人员。The company will send you more workers owing to the shortage of workforce. (5) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+Vt+O+OC) 。她把窗帘拉向一边。She pulled thecurtain aside.
2. 拓展句型练习。
上述五个基本句型随着教学的深入在不断扩展, 如句型 (1) 的主语+不及物动词 (S+Vi) 可扩展为以下5个句型: (1) There+Vi (be) +S+介词短语动名词。 (2) S+Vi+介词+名词 (介词短语) 。 (3) S+Vi+名词 (充当状语) 。 (4) S+Vi+to+V。 (5) It+Vi+that从句型。 (1) 中的“there be”句型是学生常错的地方。there be句型可以有很多的句子翻译练习。比如:今晚有个会议。There is going to be a meeting tonight.有人敲门。There was a knock at the door.有个女孩一直在等你。There has been a girl waiting for you.“There be”句型中的be也可以替换成其他一些词使意思发生改变, 常见的词包括:appear, come, go, happen, live, occur, remain, seem, sit, stand, lie等。句型 (2) S+Vi+介词+名词 (介词短语) 中, 不及物动词加上介词相当于一个及物动词, 如listen to, look after, go through, come across等, 可改为被动语态, 但一些不及物动词加上介词并不等于及物动词, 不可以改成别动语态, 如happen to, suffer from, belong to, settle down等。句型 (3) S+Vi+名词 (充当状语) 中, 动词一般表示状态、运动、继续等, 如cost, last, weigh, measure, stay等;名词用作副词, 充当状语, 常用来表示程度、数量、时间、方法、方向等。句子翻译练习有:这辆车花了一万美元。This car cost ten thousand dollars.这次会议将持续很久的时间。This meeting will last a long time.句型 (4) S+Vi+to+V中, 不定式做状语, 常用来表示结果、目的或企图等。常见的不及物动词有:happen, prove, call, stop, wait, agree等。可通过句子翻译练习帮助学生掌握这类动词的正确用法。如:我今天碰巧见到了约翰。I happened to meet John today.他所做的最后证明是合理的。What he did proved to be reasonable at las.句型 (5) It+Vi+that从句是学生运用比较多的一个句型。此句型中不及物动词常见的有:seem, happen, appear等。如:明天似乎有一场大雪。It seems that there will be aheavy snow tomorrow.
进过一段时间的练习之后, 学生的书面表达已基本可以避免基本的语法错误, 此时应多进行高级句型的句子翻译练习, 帮助学生学会运用一些使用频率高、表达效果好的高级表达方式, 提高作文的档次, 如with的复合结构、同位语从句、强调句型、感叹句型、分词作定语/状语、主从复合句和反义疑问句等。
参考文献
[1]Lewis, M.Implementing the Lexical Approach:Putting Theory into Practice[M].Hove, England:Language Teaching Publications, 1997
[2]Willis, D.1990.The Lexical Syllabus[M].London:Collins.
[3]傅仲选.实用翻译美学[M].上海:上海外国语大学出版社, 1991.
[4]马广惠, 文秋芳.1999.大学生英语写作能力的影响因素研究[J].外语教学与研究, 1999, (4) .
1.这一饮食的缺点是包含了太多的脂肪和糖分,优点是有很多能提供能量的食品。(diet;strength;weakness)
The weakness of this diet is that it has too much fat and sugar;its strength is that it has plenty of energy-giving food.2.那个商店老板试图通过打折来赢回顾客。(win back;discount)
The shopkeeper is trying to win his customers back with a discount.3.如果你不为自己的错误道歉的话,他们是不会放过你的。(get away with)
If you don’t say sorry for your mistake, they won’t let you get away with it.4.他已经负债很久了。对于他来说,如何谋生成了个大问题。(in debt;earn one’s living)He has been in debt for a long time.How to earn his living is a big problem.5.就在我等朋友时,突然发现有个男人在离我不远处正瞪眼看着我。(spy;glare at)
When I was waiting for my friend, I suddenly spied a man not far away glaring at me.6.我不想对你说谎,但是我不得不告诉你他的智力有限。(lie;limited)
I don’t want to lie to you, but I have to say that his intelligence is limited.7.专家说吃胡萝卜对眼睛很有好处。(benefit;carrot)
Experts say eating carrots benefits your eyes.8.我吃饺子时通常都会加点醋,因为醋有助于消化食物。(vinegar;digest)
I sat next to a boy whose name was Max in the past term.18.每个班29个学生大概就是英国学校的一般规模。
Twenty-nine students in one class are about the average size for British schools.29.刚开始时我发现英语家庭作业对我来说有点挑战性。
I found the English homework was a bit challenging for me at first.30.上学期我很幸运能够体验到这样一种不同的生活方式。
I was very lucky to experience this different way of life last term.31.去年暑假我们有一些机会了解美国和英国的中学生的情况。
We had some chances to learn about American and British high schools in the last summer vacation.22.到体育馆最快怎么走?
What is the quickest way to get to the gym? 23.你可以在第二个路口向左拐。
You can turn left at the second crossing.24.经过科学实验室,然后一直走。
Walk past the science laboratory and go on.25.饭厅在医疗中心与宿舍之间。
The canteen is between our dormitory and the medical center.26.我与校长的约会要迟到了。
I’ll be late for my appointment with the headmaster.27.That’s the book that I want to borrow.28.It was the most touching story I had ever read.29.What’s the first English song you learnt? 30.Those of you who are interested in the work may come and join us.31.Everyone who knows him likes him.32.The dog which was lost has been found.33.She is the girl who(m)/that I met yesterday.34.That’s the only thing we can do now.35.Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.36.我们学校的唱歌俱乐部是由学生自己管理的。
Our school singing club is run by the students.37.每天早晨学校电台就会播送天气情况、时事新闻和特别告示。
Every morning our school radio station broadcasts the weather, recent news and special messages.38.在考试期间,我们应该做准备。
During exam time we should do for preparation.39.在课间休息间,我们会播放一些由学生自己演唱的歌曲。During break times we can play songs sung by students.40.我们经常广播一些通知,告诉家长有关诸如远足、校内戏剧表演之类的活动。We often broadcast special messages to inform the parents of events such as outings and school plays.41.我相信我们的音乐俱乐部没有我还会继续办下去。
I’m sure that our music club will continue without me.42.每个月的最后一个星期六我们会聚在一起讨论喜爱的诗歌和诗人。
We meet on the last Saturday of every month to talk about poems and poets that we like.43.我们选举他在开幕式上致辞。
We selected him to make a speech on the opening ceremony.44.起初那阵势让人觉得有一点恐慌,但是大家是那么亲切、友好,我很快就不担心了。It was a little scary at first, but everything was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying.45.这台电视机坏了,急需要修理。
This TV doesn’t work.It requires repairing badly.46.Being painted, her house was a mess(是一团糟).47.People used to drink the water from the lake, but now they can’t do that any more(再也不能那么做了)because of the pollution from the factory.48.Today more and more parents are learning to treat their children as friends(学着像朋友一样对待孩子).49.She wanted to go to college in another city, but her parents finally made her go to a local one(让她上了当地的一所学校).50.It is rude to sit with one’s legs crossed(跷着二郎腿坐着).51.It was my fault that(我的错)your cell phone was stolen.52.Now that he admitted that he was wrong(既然他承认他错了), you should have forgiven him.53.There is not a school where bad things go unpunished(对不良习惯听之任之的).54.Don’t leave the water running(让水一直流着)while you brush your teeth.55.He was supposed to become a doctor(本该成为医生)but he chose to be a teacher.56.“I will forgive him.After all, he is only a child(毕竟,他只是个孩子).” the mother said.57.You have to go to school tomorrow.I don’t want you to stay up late(我不想要你熬夜).58.I think you must be mixing me up with someone else(把我和其他人弄混了).59.I’ve got a problem and as I don’t know what to do, I thought I’d write to you and ask for your advice(求教).60.The better way is to keep the students studying all the time(让学生一直保持学习)in the class.61.Yangzhou is famous for its Slender West Lake Park and Yangzhou town fellows always feel proud of it(为此感到骄傲).62.After Jane goes to school each day, her bedroom is dirty and out of order.So her mother always cleans it up(打扫干净).53.All that preparation was for nothing(白费了)because the visit was cancelled.54.Every time I see the picture, I will remember the happy time we spent together(每次看到着张照片,我都会想起我们在一起度过的快乐时光).55.Nothing could prevent them from going to the football match(阻止我们看足球赛), not even heavy rain.56.We can start whenever you’re ready(你什么时候准备好).57.Don’t waste time talking to him(别浪费时间跟他讲了).He won’t change his plan.58.He was very ill, but he refused to leave the front line(拒绝离开前线).59.Teachers usually don’t allow students to look up new words in a dictionary(不允许学生查词典)in the exam.60.In 1989 an international law was passed to forbid people from putting waste into sea(禁止人们把垃圾倒入海里).61.Jack has been writing for an hour(写了一个小时了)but he has written only about two hundred words.62.Either you or I am to be sent there to study the protection of wild animals.63.Sometimes teenagers will have some problems that they hope their teachers or friends can help them with(他们的老师和朋友能帮助他们解决).64.我想保持身体苗条,因此我就一直服用名叫Fat-less的瘦身药。
I want to stay slim, so I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-less.65.如果你听从老师的建议,你的数学考试就不会不及格了。
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in your math exam.66.他看起来那么虚弱。你知道最近两天他发生什么了吗?
She looks so weak.Do you know what has happened to her in the last two days? 67.昨天我买了一条领带给爸爸,领带和他的绿色衬衫很相配。
Yesterday I bought a tie for Dad, which matched his green shirt.68.他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。
His voice sounded strange on the phone.69.--瞧,Jerry睡着了。--他昨晚肯定熬夜了。--Look!Jerry has fallen asleep.--He must have stayed up too late last night.70.他们结婚多久了?
How long have they been married? 71.现在很多人选择打羽毛球或网球来保持健康。
Nowadays, many people choose to play badminton or tennis to keep fit.72.有些体育运动经常在室内进行,而其他的则在室外进行。
Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors.73.Lisa经常跟我谈起她的童年时代,那时她瘦得皮包骨。
Lisa often told me about her childhood, when she was very skinny.74.医生建议他停止服用那种药,它有副作用。
The doctor advised him to stop taking that medicine, which had side effect.75.像往常一样,他一回到家里就开始做作业,这让他的父母很高兴。
As usual, he started to do his homework as soon as he got home, which made his parents very happy.76.我们终于找到了一个解决问题的好办法,为此我们受到老师的表扬。
At last, we found a good way to solve the problem, for which we were praised by our English teacher.77.She is afraid of being laughed at(嘲笑).78.Everyone was cheered up(使„„高兴)by the good news.79.They lost their tempers easily and called each other names(互相谩骂).80.The moment the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking.81.When he saw me, he stopped to talk to me.82.Musical instrument includes such things as pianos and violins.83.The Chinese language is different from many foreign languages.84.She leaves the light on all the time.模块2
1、探险家们正在加紧搜寻一种像人一样的动物。(step up)
Explorers are stepping up their search for a man-like creature.2、由于他的无礼,我没有再和他说一句话。(due to)Due to his rudeness, I said no more word to him.3、当他发现在这次考试中失败了,他变得很沮丧。(go)
He went frustrated when he found out that he had failed in the exam.4、根据最近的一份调查报告显示,学生将一半以上的业余时间花在作业上。(according to)According to a recent survey, students spend more than half of their spare time doing homework.5、警察排除了那个男孩被他继母谋杀的可能性。(rule out)
The police ruled out the possibility that the boy had been murdered by his stepmother.6、老师要求孩子们编写关于中秋节的诗。(make up)The teacher asked the children to make up some poems about the Mid-Autumn Festival.7、我认为你并没有认识到他讲话的重要性。(realize)I don’t think that you fully realize the importance of his speech.8、他掀开窗帘,看看发生了什么事。(pull back)
He pulled back the curtain to see what had happened.9、我不久就开始负责这个部门的工作了。(take charge of)Soon I began to take charge of the department.10、她放弃了工作来照顾她生病的母亲。(give up)
She gave up her job to look after her sick mother.11、政府已经启动了一项为人们建造更多住房的计划。(launch)
The government has launched a plan to build more houses for people.12、我被选中来进行这项试验。(carry out)
I was chosen to carry out the experiment.13、我将会在三点钟在街角让你搭车,所以不要迟到。(pick up)
I’ll pick you up at the street corner at three, so don’t be late.14、她年轻时总梦想成为一名电影明星。(dream)
She always dreamed of becoming a film star when she was young.15、你会看到我现在讲的话都会变成现实。(come true)You will see what I am saying now will come true.16、学英语让我们从“疯狂英语”开始吧。(begin with)Let’s begin our English study with Crazy English.17、我们发现她是一个很好的厨师。(discover)We discovered her to be a very good cook.18、卧床休息一两天,你就会好起来的。(pick up)You’ll pick up after a day or two in bed.19、到目前为止,他们开展这项研究已经三年了。(so far)
So far, they have been on the research for three years.20、脱下衣湿服,不然你会着凉的。(take off)
Take off the wet clothes, or you’ll catch a cold.21、在我国越来越多的人有机会上大学。(have the chance to)
In our country, more and more young people have the chance to go to university.22、如果不亲眼看见外星人,我不会相信他们的存在。(with one’s own eyes;exist)If I do not see the aliens with my own eyes, I will not believe in their existence.23、在奥运会上,刘翔跑得飞快,以惊人的速度赢得了第一。(with amazing speed)
In the Olympic Games, Liu Xiang ran with amazing speed and won the first place.24、他坚信他所做的努力总有一天会得到回报的。(become convinced that He has become convinced that what he has done will pay off one day.25、一般说来,受过良好教育的人的收入比受到较少教育的人的收入多。(on average)On average, people who have received good education earn more than those who have received less education.26、在这样的时刻,这人的真面目就表现出来了。
At times like these, the true character of the man shows up.27、这起车祸是因为粗心驾驶而引起的。
The accident is due to careless driving.28、你将发现很难为说过这种无礼的话辩护。You will find it difficult to explain away your use of such offensive language.29、天可能要下雨,所以你最好带把伞以防万一。
It may rain, you’d better take an umbrella in case.30、你越用功,你的进步就会越大。
The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.31、今天下午三点到四点,我们要开会。
We will be having a meeting from 3 to 4 this afternoon.32、我想他马上就会到的。
I believe he’ll be coming soon.33、今天下午我要去送一位朋友。
I will be seeing a friend off this afternoon.34、我不知道我们什么时候再在一起工作。
I don’t know when we will be working together again.35、史密斯夫妇下个星期将去巴西。随后这个月里他们将在墨西哥旅游。
Mr.and Mrs.Smith are going to Brazil next week, and they will be traveling in Mexico later in the month.36、托比将会写信个柯林并告诉他关于他的新计划。
Toby will write to Colin and tell him about his new plan.37、上星期王教授买了一个有半本书那么大的手提电脑。
Last week Professor Wang bought a laptop the size of half of a book.38、请给我一些用来写字的纸。
Please give me some paper to write on.39、他俩正在忙于打扫教室。
They are both busy cleaning the classroom.40、他如武已有5年了。
He has been in the army for 5 years.41、过了一段时间我们才知道真相。
It was some time before we realized the truth.42、老人坐在椅子上读报。
The old man sat on the chair, reading a newspaper.43、你得穿特制的服装和救生衣以防橡皮筏倾覆。You will have to wear special clothing and life jacket in case the raft gets turned upside down.44、无论我告诉她什么事,她总是不相信。
Whatever I tell her, she won’t believe me.45、医生正尽力来挽救他的生命。
The doctor are doing whatever they can to save him.46、爬山可能累人,而且,随着空气变得稀薄你可能感到恶心。
Mountain climbing can be very tiring, and besides, you might feel sick with the air getting thinner.47、这条溪谷的景色很秀丽。
The view of this valley is beautiful.48、秘书已经知道那些事实。The secretary has already known the facts.49、我在悉尼时你也正在那里,多巧啊!
What a coincidence that I was in Sydney at the same time as you!50、在二十世纪初,许多探险家试图到达南北极。At the beginning of the 20th century, many explorers were trying to reach the South and North Pole.51、他当然会在下午3点前回来。
It is certain that he will be back by 3 this afternoon.52、那个学生不能完全理解诗歌的意思。
The student can not understand the poem fully.53、当我工作时,请不要打扰我。
Please don’t disturb me while I’m working.54、没过多久,警察截住了那辆汽车,两个贼被抓住了。
Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both thieves were arrested.55、单词“保存”是“使某个东西保持在完好的状态中”之意。
The word preserve means keeping something in a perfect condition.56、年幼时他就梦想成为一名艺术家。
He wanted to be an artist when he was in childhood.57、我不想听你不做作业的理由。
I won’t listen to the reason why you didn’t do your homework.58、你最好带把伞,以防下雨。带张地图,以防走失。
You’d better take an umbrella, in case it rains.Take a map in case you get lost.59、在你离开后不久,有个男人到办公室找你。
Shortly after you left, a man came into the office looking for you.60、既然我们不会讲法语,那我们到巴黎该用什么语言呢?
Now that we can’t speak French, what language are we supposed to use when we get to Paris? 61、罗伯特先生不止是我们的老师,他还是我们的朋友。
Mr.Robert is more than our teacher.He is a friend.62、听说即将到来的这次英语考试不难。
It is said that the coming English exam is not difficult.63、医生建议我多运动。
The doctor suggested that I 64、是他的幸运鸟把他带到那个地方去的。
It was his lucky pet bird that led him to the place.65、我刚要出去,这时电话响了。
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.66、孩子们总是对看到的一切感到好奇。
Children are always curious about everything they see.67、请把这个盒子里的东西倒掉。Please empty the box.68、有多少人出席了会议?
How many people were present at the meeting? 69、到他们离开的时候,森林已经被毁了。
By the time they left, the forest had been destroyed.70、他在演讲中加了引人发笑的故事。
He included many funny stories in the speech.71、一听到这个消息,他就立刻给我打了个电话。
Opon/On hearing the news, he rang me up at once.72、我作为探险家的多年的训练终于有了回报。
All my years of training as an explorer have finally paid off.73、这本书比我原来想的更有趣。
托福写作怎么练习翻译句子
l Not only…but also…
用法:not only X but also Y,XY是两个对等的成分(词性、短语、句子)
翻译练习:
旅游业(tourism)不但给政府带来税收(tax revenue)而且给很多人提供了就业机会。
赌博(gambling)不但对健康有害,而且会影响家庭和睦(harmony)。
打工不但能让学生赚零花钱(pocket money/allowance),而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力(interpersonal skills)。
现在很多学校的校服(school uniform)不但贵,而且还难看,质量不好。
政府不但要多建一些公路,还要鼓励(encourage)人们多使用公交车。
答案:
Tourism not only brings tax revenue to the government but also provides many people with job opportunities.
Gambling not only harms people’s health but also damages family harmony./Gambling is detrimental to not only people’s health but also family harmony.
Taking part-time jobs enables students to not only earn pocket money/allowance but also learn interpersonal skills.
Nowadays, many school uniforms are not only expensive/pricy but also poor in their looking and quality.
The government should not only build/construct more roads but also encourage people to use public transport.
l 最近:Currently/recently/these days/nowadays/in the modern society/in recent years
例句:现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。
Recently, an increasing number of people have begun to believe that learning new skills and knowledge can help them to get the opportunities of job or promotion.
翻译练习:
现在越来越多的人认为政府不但应该要多建一些公路,还要鼓励人们多使用公交车。
现在越来越多的人开始相信赌博不但对健康有害,而且会影响家庭和睦。
在当代社会,越来越多的人认为打工不但能让学生赚零花钱,而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力。
近些年来,越来越多的人相信旅游业不但给政府带来税收而且给很多人提供了就业机会。
宾语从句介绍观点:
Some people/experts say that…
Other people say that…
It is clear to me that…
The professor/writer/lecturer
says/states/explains/believes/holds that…
It is said/stated/explained/believed/held by the professor that…
翻译练习:
这个演讲者说学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助人们获得工作机会或提升的机会
专家认为政府不但应该要多建一些公路,还要鼓励人们多使用公交车。
这个作者相信赌博不但对健康有害,而且会影响家庭和睦。
这个演讲者解释说打工不但能让学生赚零花钱,而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力。
这个教授说旅游业不但给政府带来税收而且给很多人提供了就业机会。
托福综合写作的能力要求
我们先简单摘要综合作文题的题目要求中的若干重点信息.
Read a passage about an academic topic and listen to a lecture about the same topic写作考试前,考生需要阅读一篇250单词左右的文章和听一篇相同题材类似长度的听力材料;
A question about the relation between the lecture and the reading passage考生需要书写一篇文章以说明该阅读材料和听力材料之间的关系;
Use information from the reading passage and the lecture but no personal opinion考生在写作过程中应合理的使用听力和阅读材料中的信息并不得加入个人的意见和观点;
Be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content考生文章的优劣评判将基于其行文的质量和文章内容的完整和准确性.
快速搞定托福综合写作之结构分析法
A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized, and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections。
可以看出,ETS并没有规定一篇综合写作应该使用某种固定的结构模式,而只是从信息点的准确提炼,信息组织的条理性和语言的准确性这几个角度定义了一篇满分作文。然而实践中,这样的指导性建议太为笼统。学生还是期望教师能够给出一种易于理解的,安全有效的且操作性强的结构,在考试时依照这个结构构建文章的主体,并以此为基础填充细节,从而快速高效地完成作文。
经过一段时间的教学,总结出两种适合新托福综合写作的结构安排,为了形象理解,称为“点对点”型和“面对面”型的结构,本文就将对这两种结构进行分析和比较。
一、“点对点”的结构
“点对点”的结构指的是把综合写作中的阅读材料和听力材料的每一个对应点都单独提炼出来用一个段落加以阐述。这种结构的优点是可以把阅读文章和听力材料的对应关系更细致地进行说明,使文章层次感强,同时反映出考生提炼信息和对比信息的能力更高。
二、“面对面”的结构
“点对点”的结构指是最理想的结构安排模式,但有时候考生并不能准确地寻找到阅读和听力材料之间的对应点。这有可能是因为阅读和听力材料之间的对应点本身就不是很明显,或者由于考生自身的能力问题,没有完全听懂或看懂,则要写成“点对点”的结构安排模式,难度会比较大。遇到这种情况,建议考生可以尝试使用“面对面”的结构安排模式。它与“点对点”的结构安排模式的区别在于,“面对面”作文的结构并不是逐条阐述对应点,而是在总得阐明听力和阅读文章之间的关系后,分别总结听力材料或阅读材料的要点,从“面”上阐述听力和阅读材料之间的联系。
可以看出,“点对点”和“面对面”的结构有各自的特点,但总得来说“点对点”的结构在“对比型”的新托福综合写作中要更适用一些,因为它能把矛盾点逐一呈现,更细致地体现了听力和阅读材料之间的关系。但掌握“面对面”的结构也很有必要,因为它可以适用一些听力和阅读材料之间的关系是一致、延伸或解释型的考题。此外,在考生无法寻找到所有的对应点时,用“面对面”的结构也算是一种补救措施。
附:新托福综合写作sample answer 两篇,针对的是同一个考题,第一篇用的是“点对点”结构,第二篇用的是“面对面”的结构。
Sample answer 1
Urban sprawl is defined as the growth of cities in an unplanned manner, spreading outward rather than upward. Although urban sprawl brings some positive influence to our lives such as new homes and businesses, better schools, less noise and crime, etc., many people, especially environmental campaigners, see it as harmful to human life and the nature, as it robs people of nature, wiping out parks and farmland, and also brings traffic congestion to roads linking cities and suburbs。
The New Urbanism movement is designed to address urban sprawl, and communities such as Celebration in Florida, which is constructed applying New Urbanism principals, have proved very effective in solving this problem. The first principle of New Urbanism is to provide effective transportation system and environmental protection. To achieve this, the town of Celebration has a large area of greenbelt dedicated to wildlife preservation. It also has buildings that are environmentally friendly and energy-efficient. New Urbanism’s second principle is to provide housing and jobs that are close together. This is reflected in Celebration’s office and apartment buildings which are all densely constructed in a small area to avoid sprawling. Finally, New Urbanism requires neighborhoods to have both single and multi-family residences, and this is exactly what can be seen in the town of Celebration, where residents live close together and find it easy to socialize。
Urban sprawl is low-density, outward growth and mostly single-family residences. Its negative effects are robbing us of our nature and having us meeting traffic jams between cities and suburbs, while its positive effects are providing home construction, new business and better schools, making less noise and causing less crime。
Sample Answer 2
New urbanism has emerged to solve the problem of urban sprawl. Regions have to create transportation systems and environmental protection; Cities need to offer housing and jobs that are close together; Neighborhoods should have single- and multi-family housing where residence can walk to stores, public transportation and parks。
Take the community of Celebration for example. It meets the goal of social and civic interaction by setting up a central market street district and housing including single- and multi-family residences. It also meets the goal of environment preservation with its good environmentally-friendly town design, and with high-rise offices and apartment buildings which help reduce the population density。
关键词:高一英语,语法教学,句子成分分析,必要性
初三进入高一的第一学期,是中学英语教学的一个转折点。从语言知识体系和对语言运用能力的要求看,高一和初三同属基础阶段,高一年级的教学内容不是新阶段的起点,而是基础阶段的继续。如何做好初、高中英语教学的衔接工作,将直接影响到学生在高中阶段的学习、参加高考的成绩和将来的发展。而语法教学是高一英语教学中的一个难点。根据笔者了解到的实际情况,在高一语法教学中,重新讲解英语语法学习中的基础问题———英语句子成分,是十分有必要的。
一、高一学生句子成分分析能力低下的成因分析
绝大多数初三的学生进入高一之后,句子成分分析能力低下,甚至有一部分学生不清楚什么叫句子成分,什么是单词的词性,其原因是多种多样的。笔者认为,造成学生句子成分分析能力低下的成因主要有以下几种:
1. 教材与教法的设计不关注语法。
在初中英语新教材中,其中大部分的教学内容是训练和培养学生的听说能力的。初中英语教学是在重点培养学生的听说能力的同时,进一步培养学生的读写能力。在教材的指导下,我们欣喜地看到,初中英语教师将听说等能力的培养放在了突出的位置上,课堂上的小组讨论、结对子等课堂语言实践活动得到了较好的运用,学生的听说能力确实相对于以前有了很大的提高。然而,不少初中英语教师却把语法等基础语言知识的教学放在可有可无的位置,或者根本不进行语法及语言知识的教学。事实上,这种过分淡化英语语法教学的做法对高中英语教学产生了不小的负面影响。在笔者所在的学校,大部分高一英语老师觉得每年新进的高一新生在基础的语法知识上有很大的欠缺。通过平时的上课,发现大约有60%的学生不知道英语单词的词性,也不知道什么词可以修饰什么词,对句子成分更是模糊不清。
2. 中考的导向问题。
学生在初中阶段学到的语法知识还是比较多的,有词法:冠词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、动词(情态动词、连系动词、助动词、及物动词、不及物动词、非谓语动词);常用的八种时态和被动语态;句子的成分;句子的种类:简单句的五种基本句型,复合句(定语从句和状语从句)、直接引语和间接引语等。这些语法都是学生必须具备的语法知识,可是,对于单词的词性、句子的成分和简单句的五种基本类型,因为中考基本上考不到这些知识,所以初中教师和学生都不太重视。这样导致的后果就是:大部分学生连单词的词性都弄不清楚,更谈不上正确地运用单词了;由于单词词性不清楚,句子的成分也就不会分析,一接触到复杂的句子就晕头转向。在学高一语法定语从句时,有些学生连什么叫定语都弄不清,那就更加不要说什么定语从句了。
二、学生句子成分分析能力低下所造成的后果
在高一的英语教学中我们发现,其实许多学生花在英语语法学习上的时间是比较多的,但是学习效果却不怎么理想。为什么呢?这就是因为学生不会分析句子成分,进而导致学生在高一的语法学习中不能从宏观层面去理解,只能死记硬背,导致学不能用,效果当然就差了。现以人教版2007版的《普通高中课程标准试验教科书》的必修一、二、三、四,也就是高一学生所要学的四本书中的语法规则为例,来分析句子成分分析在高一语法教学中所占的重要地位。
1. 人教版必修一,第90页,定语从句部分。
基本概念:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。看到这里学生就有疑问了,什么叫名词?什么叫代词?再来看看关于关系代词和关系副词的讲解:(1)关系代词that, which, who引导的定语从句。that在从句中作主语或宾语,which在从句中作主语或宾语,who, whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语。在这里,能不能区别主语和宾语的重要性就体现出来了。例如:1) A plane is a machine that can fly.2) The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.在这两个句子中,第一句中的“that”因为在从句中充当主语,所以是不可以省略的,而第二句则因为“that”在从句中充当宾语,所以是可以省略的。如果学生不能分辨什么是主语,什么是宾语,就很难理解并且掌握。(2)关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句。when在从句中作时间状语,where在从句中作地点状语,why在从句中作原因状语。我们知道,在做定语从句的练习时候,学生对于什么时候使用关系代词,什么时候使用关系副词很难区分。为什么难区分呢?就是因为学生不了解什么是主语宾语,什么是状语。例如:1) This is the place which/that I told you.2) This is the place where we worked on the farm.很多学生在做这两个题目的时候都会错。要不就两个先行词后面全部使用“which/that”,要不就两个先行词后面全部使用“where”。但他们只记得关系词代替物的时候使用“that”或者先行词是地点的时候使用“where”。究其原因,还是因为不了解两个关系词在从句中充当的句子成分不同。在讲解关系代词和关系副词的区别的时候,我相信绝大多数高一的英语老师都花了大量的时间和精力,但是很多老师都有一个感觉,那就是效果不好。如果我们在高一新生入学的时候就能够帮助他们打好词性、句子成分等知识的基础,我相信这些问题在解决的时候就相对容易很多了。
2. 人教版必修二,第86页,定语从句部分。
此部分的讲解跟人教版必修一基本一样,但是还加多了一个非限制性定语从句,因为讲解的基本原理一样,所以不作过多的阐述。
3. 人教版必修三,第91页,名词性从句部分。
基本概念:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词。因此,这四种从句被称为名词性从句。(1)宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语。(2)表语从句表语从句在复合句中作句子的表语。(3)主语从句主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。(4)同位语从句在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句,叫同位语从句。首先,我们如果要搞清楚名词性从句的概念的话,从纯语法的角度来讲,我们就必须要对什么是宾语、表语、主语、同位语有一个基本的概念。如果连这些基本概念都没有了,那还何谈从句呢?其次,如果从各从句的细则的角度来讲,我们也必须要搞清楚句子的成分。例如:1) I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.2) Her wish is that she could lose weight soon.这两个例句中的“that”引导的从句不同,一个是宾语从句,一个是表语从句。引导宾语从句的“that”可以省略,而引导表语从句的“that”不可以省略,如果学生连宾语、表语的区别都搞不清楚的话,他们怎么去区分什么时候可以省略,什么时候不可以省略呢?
4. 人教版必修四,第90页,动词-ing形式部分。
基本概念:动词-ing形式能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独作谓语。动词-ing形式部分涉及的句子成分的概念就更多了。我们在学生的习作当中经常可以看到以下错句:1) Collect information is very important to businessmen.2) He finished read the book yeterday.等。这些错句从教师的角度来看是很不应该的,一个简单句中出现了两个动词,这个时候就应该使用动词的-ing形式了。但是,从学生的角度来说,他们按照题目的中文意思把句子翻译出来了,觉得已经写得不错了。基础好一点的学生可能知道“collect”是动词,但是为什么不能用却不清楚。如果是基础差点的学生,他甚至连“collect”是什么词性也搞不清楚。这样的情况下,怎么跟学生讲解动词的-ing形式呢?笔者觉得重点还是要回到原点:重拾句子成分分析这一基础。
三、结语
从刚刚的教材分析中可以看出,句子成分分析在高一英语语法教学中起到了十分重要的作用,涉及高中语法的定语从句、名词性从句、动词-ing形式,这些都是高中英语语法教学中极其重要的部分,而且都是高考必考的语法项。这些都还只是学生高一所要学到的语法项目,还有高二、高三的。如果学生不能理解句子的成分,完全靠死记硬背的话,这些项目可以说完全学不好,对于学生的高中英语学习会带来很大的障碍。应该说,英语语法教学是整个英语教学活动中必不可少的一个部分。学生没有好的语法基础知识就不可能有好的英语语言运用能力。在高一英语语法教学之前,重拾句子成分的分析,花几节课的时间来给学生讲解清楚什么是词性,什么是句子成分,各有什么作用,是十分必要的。作为高中英语教师,我们应该正视学生学习中的薄弱环节,并且查找原因,研究对策,以使学生有所提高。
参考文献
[1]刘亚光.初中英语语法教学的理念与实践[J].中小学外语教学 (中学篇) , 2007, (4) :6-10.
[2]教育部.普通高中英语课程标准 (试验) [M].北京:人民教育出版社, 2003.
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