as if虚拟语气用法总结

as if虚拟语气用法总结（精选7篇）

as if虚拟语气用法总结篇1

1.(表示条件)如果 ,主句用将来时,if从句用现在时表示将来

He will come if you invite him.

如果你请他,他会来的.

2.(表示虚拟)假如,要是

时态：可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况.它的基本特点是时态退后.

a.同现在事实相反的假设.

句型：条件从句主句

一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形

If they were here,they would help you.

b.表示于过去事实相反的假设.

句型：条件从句主句

过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词

If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.

c.表示对将来的假想

句型：条件从句主句

一般过去时 should+ 动词原形

were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形

should+ 动词原形

If you succeeded,everything would be all right.

3.是否 = whether 连接宾语从句

I wonder if she is ill.

as if虚拟语气用法总结篇2

一般的语法书认为虚拟语气可分为七种基本形式: (1) 动词原形用于所有人称和数, 表推测; (2) 动词的过去式用于所有人称和数, 表虚拟和虚拟结果, be的过去式用were; (3) had+过去分词用于所有人称和数, 表虚拟和虚拟结果; (4) should+动词原形用于所有人称和数, 表推测; (5) should+have+过去分词, 表推测; (6) should/would+动词原形, 虚拟结果; (7) should would+have+过去分词, 虚拟结果。

虽然这七种时态三种用途比较全面地概括了虚拟语气的运用场合和方法, 但是太过分散, 容易发生混淆, 不利于英语学习者的记忆。如 (5) 和 (7) , 都为should+have+过去分词, 但是实用的场合却不一样, 前者用于主语从句表示推测, 后者用于非真实条件句, 表示一种虚拟出来的结果。如果只是死记硬背, 很难灵活运用这些形式。

因此, 根据虚拟语气使用的情境, 从语用角度结合上面七种动词形式, 本文重新对虚拟语气进行分类, 把它分成六大类:

一、表虚拟假设的条件

1. if条件句

所说的假设情况不可能实现, 或不大可能实现, 可以使用虚拟语气。在这种if引导的非真实虚拟条件句中, 主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式:

需要注意的是if条件句中如有were, should, had, 可以省去if, 并使用倒装语序。

如:Were it (If it were) not for your advice, I would have made a mistake.

Should it (If it should) be fine tomorrow, I should go.

2. 含蓄虚拟语气

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来, 而是通过其它方式表示。

(1) 用介词或其它短语:with, without, under, but for等。

如:Without your help (If you didn’t help us) , we might not finish the work earlier.

(2) 其它:

如:通过不定式表示:It would be a right choice to study abroad.

通过副词表示:He was having a meeting;otherwise he would have come with us.

通过名词表示:A soldier (If he had been a soldier) would have acted differently.

二、表示某人的意愿

很多情况下, 虚拟语气不用于非真实的情况, 而用于表达人们的愿望、期待等, 常常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine, had better, would sooner, would just as soon等引导的宾语从句中。

如:I wish I were young.

I can’t imagine that he married such a terrible woman.

在日常口语中, 也会用动词原型表示一些祝愿的话语,

如, May you be happy!/Long live the People’s Republic of Chi-na!这些也都使用了虚拟语气。

三、表说话人的建议、命令、要求等

1. 某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气, 用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为:should+动词原形, should常常被省略。这些动词常用的包括:ask, advise, command, determine, demand, desire, direct, insist, intend, order, request, require, suggest。

如:I proposed that we (should) set a deadline for handing in plans.

I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.

2. 以上表示建议、命令、要求的动词的名词形式后所接的表语从句和同位语从句中, 谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为:should+动词原形, should常常被省略。这些名词包括:ask, advice, command, desire, demand, decision, insistence, intention, vote, proposal, request, requirement, suggestion。

如:There is a suggestion that the discussion (should) be held in English.

His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.

3. 主语从句中使用虚拟语气, 用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为:should+动词原形, should常常被省略。

如:It is insisted that a meeting (should) be held on next Monday.

It is necessary that we should take more exercise.

4. 在“It is time that...”句型中, 用虚拟语气表示建议:是该……的时候了。常用动词的过去式来代替should+动词原型。

如:It is time that you went to bed.

四、表说话者惊奇、惋惜、遗憾、怀疑、失望等情感, 动词的形式可以为should+动词原型或should+have+动词过去分词

1. 表达这类情感的主语从句包括:It is a pity/a shame/incredible/no wander/stranger/odd/annoying/disappointing/not fair surprised...that...

如:It is strange that he should refuse to me.

It is a great pity that you should have lost the game.

2. 在疑问或否定语气中的表示期待、相信、怀疑的动词之后, 从句可以使用虚拟语气表示说话者的怀疑和失望。

如:He never thought that he should see her again.

They couldn’t believe that the young girl should have been married.

五、表说话人的委婉语气可以用should/would+动词原型这样的虚拟式

如:委婉表达观点:It would be a shame to stop the work halfway.

提出要求或邀请:Would you mind turning light on?

给出建议:I should advice you to keep away from drug.

提出问题:Which color would you like?

六、用在状语从句中表让步和目的等

1. 让步状语从句

a.在表达这类情感的though引导的状语从句中使用动词原型, 主句使用should/would+动词原型。如, Though he tries his best, he cannot solve the problem himself.

b.在表达这类情感的even if/though引导的状语从句中使用动词的过去式或had+动词过去分词, 主句使用should/would+动词原型或should/would+have+动词过去分词。

如:Even if it were more difficult, I wouldn’t change my mind.

c.在表达这类情感的whatever, whenever, no matter what等引导的从句中, 使用动词原型或may+动词原型;用may+have+动词过去分词表示过去的让步。

如:Whatever his objectives be, my mind is made up.

2. 目的状语从句

a.在in order that, so that, that等引导的状语从句中, 常使用may/might/can/could+动词原型。如, We’d better set out earlier so that we could get there before dark.

Please speak slowly in order that the others might hear clearly

b.在lest, for fear that, in case等引导的状语从句中, 常使用should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。

如:He came to meet me at the station for fear that I should take the wrong way.

Take warm clothes in case the weather should be cold.

从以上的六种用法可以看出, 在表达任何与现实情况相反或难以实现的情景时几乎都可以使用虚拟语气。

随着英语语言的发展, 虚拟语气的运用也越来越化繁为简, 甚至被过去式或过去完成时这样的更简单的形式所替代。因此, 必须充分考虑到英语教学和运用的实际, 从实用的角度出发, 灵活处理。在英语教学中, 既要满足日常运用和应试的需求, 也要指明其发展趋势, 有所侧重。在学习虚拟语气的过程中, 更要注意从实战中把握, 日常中积累。只有掌握了虚拟语气所要表达的主要含义, 才能了解它的特点, 灵活运用它。

参考文献

[1]章振邦.新编英语语法教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2000.

[2]张道真.张道真实用英语语法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2002.

[3]薄冰.高级英语语法[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1990.

[4]孙鸿仁.浅议“论虚拟语气动词的形式及其分类”中的分类问题[J].外国语, 1998, (6) .

虚拟语气的用法篇3

表示说话人认为所说的话是和事实相反的内容，只是一种愿望、假设、猜测、建议或空想，用于条件句或某些动词之后。在这样的句子中要用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气的结构

虚拟语气常用在由if引导的非真实条件从句中，是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表示与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑。

(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况

If I were you, I would help her. 如果我是你，我会帮助她。

If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有空气和水，地球上就不会存在生物。

If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.

如果他学习用功的话，他可能会通过考试。

(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况

If I had visited the place before, I would have known the way.

如果我去过那个地方，我就认识路了。

If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train.

假若我们早点儿动身的话，我们是不会错过火车的。

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他听了我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

(3)表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小)

If you should be late tomorrow, we would not wait for you.

万一你明天迟到了，我们就不等你了。

If he should see me, he would know me.

假如他看见我，就会认识我。

If it were to snow in the summer, I would believe you.

倘若夏天下雪，我就会相信你。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.

如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中

(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。

I wish I had your brains. 我希望我能有你那样的脑筋。

(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。

I wish I had known the truth of the matter.

我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。

(3)表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用“should(would)+动词原形”。

I wish I should have a chance again. 我真希望再有一次机会。

一、请用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. If I come, I ____(see) you.

2. If it is fine, we ____(go) for a walk.

3. If it rained, they ____(stay) at home.

4. You will spoil it if you ____(not be) careful.

5. We would be very much pleased if you ____(come).

6. Will you help me if I ____(need) you?

7. They will get wet if it ____(rain).

8. What a pity!I haven’t got my car. If I had, I ____(take) you to

the airport.

9. We would answer if we ____(can).

10. If you eat too much, you ____(get) ill.

二、请根据上下文用所给动词的适当形式完成对话。

1. A: What are you doing this evening?

B: I’m not sure. If there ____(not be) anything good on TV, I think

I ____(read) a detective story. Or maybe I ____(go) to bed early.

2. A: What time will Kate be home?

B: If I ____(know) I ____(tell) you. But unfortunately, she didn’t say a word with me because we argued yesterday.

A: Well, if she ____(get) home before 10:00, please ask her to call me.

3. A: I’m so stressed out.

B: It’s none of my business, but if I ____(be) you, I ____(take) some time off.

4. A: I’m afraid your flight has been delayed due to bad weather.

B: Oh no!When will it take off?

A: We don’t have any idea yet. If it ____(stop) snowing this evening, then your flight ____(depart) some time tonight.

5. A: What are the chances that will happen?

B: It’s too early to tell. I ____(let) you know if I ____(hear) any news.

as if虚拟语气用法总结篇4

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.

A. will show B. would show

C. am going to show D. am showing

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选B.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话--但事实上忘了)。

2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”

A. He’d better give up drinking

B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

C. Health is more important than drink

D. I wonder why he is always doing so

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。

【分析】最佳答案为D.关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.

3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”

A. do B. are

C. will D. would

【陷阱】容易误选A或C.选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致;选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。

【分析】此题最佳答案为D.分析如下：

(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：

He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。

When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。

(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.

4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”

A. will come B. is coming

C. came D. had come

【陷阱】容易误选A或B.根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。

【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C.按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：

I’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。

I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。

I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。

请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：

(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you ______.”

A. won’t B. didn’t

C. don’t D. wouldn’t

(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you ______.”

A. didn’t B. hadn’t

C. don’t D. wouldn’t

(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he ______.”

A. won’t B. didn’t

C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t

5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.

A. should be; be operated on

B. were; must be operated on

C. was; should be operated

D. was; be operated on

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选 D.insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题(答案选B)：

(1) The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.

A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent

C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent

(2) The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free.

A. should do, should be B. had done, should be

C. had done, had been D. should do, had been

(3) I advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.

A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling

C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel

6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.

A. Was he given up B. Had he given up

C. Did he give D. If he gave up

【陷阱】容易误选 D.

【分析】正确答案应选B.之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：

Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。

Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”

A. do B. did

C. had D. would

2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.

A. don’t know B. hadn’t known

C. wasn’t knowing D. wouldn’t know

3. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.”

A. don’t B. hadn’t

C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t

4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.

A. can’t get B. won’t get

C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get

5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”

A. knew, live B. knew, lives

C. know, lives D. know, lived

6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”

A. begin B. have begun

C. began D. had begun

7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen

C. should fall D. were to fall

8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.

A. had scored B. scored

C. would score D. would have scored

9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay

C. had lain D. should lie

10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.

A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly

C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly

11. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.

A. had said B. said

C. might say D. might have said

12. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.

A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got

13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.

A. breaks B. has broken

C. were broken D. had been broken

14. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.

A. would have passed B. would pass

C. wouldn’t have passed D. wouldn’t pass

◆答案与解析◆

1. 选B.It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。

2. 选A.虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I don’t know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 I don’t know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来”。

3. 选B.I’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。

4. 选A.we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。

5. 选B.第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。

6. 选C.It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。

7. 选 B.此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。

8. 选 D.这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 D.

9. 选 C.if only 意为“要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 C.

10. 选 A.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。

11. 选 D.otherwise 在此相当于 if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。

12. 选 D.根据句中的 didn’t let me drive 可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，条件句的谓语用 had+过去分词，主句谓语用 would / should / could / might have+过去分词。

13. 选 C.as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气;若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were);若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth.又如下面一题要选 C：

It seems as if the sun ____ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.

A. circles B. is circling

C. were circling D. has been circling

14. 选C.but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C.

高考虚拟语气很全篇5

条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：

If I have time, I will go with them.假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)If I were you, I would go with them.假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)▲ 与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should(would, could, might)+动词原形”：

If I knew her number，I could ring her up.要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)▲与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should(would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：

If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

▲与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should(would, could, might)+动词原形”：

If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us.如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)注：几点特别说明

① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：

If you tried again，you would succeed.要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)

If you tried again，you might succeed.要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)If you tried again，you could succeed.要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)

④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；

二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；

三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should(would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用直陈语气或祈使语气：

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me.万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使语气）

If I should see him, I’ll tell him.万一我见到他，我就告诉他。（直陈语气）

2、错综时间虚拟条件句

所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：

If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。

3、两个常考虚拟语气句型

▲ 句型介绍

这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，也经常受到命题人的青睐，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。如：

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。

If it hadn’t been for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=But for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=Without your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.5、wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气

▲ 用法说明

动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。

若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；

若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would(could)＋动词原形。如：

注：特别注意

从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关，比较：

I wish I were rich.要是我现在有钱就好了。

I wish I had been rich.要是那时我有钱就好了。

I wished I were rich.当时我后悔自己没有钱。

I wished I had been rich.当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。

6、if only后的句子用虚拟语气

if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：

If only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents!我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!注：if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。

7、as if(though)从句用虚拟语气

▲ 基本用法

以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；

表示将来的可能性不大，用would(might, could)+动词原形：

He acts as if he knew me.他显得认识我似的。

They treat me as though I were a stranger.他们待我如陌生人。

He talks as if he had been abroad.他说起话来好像曾经出过国。

注：两点说明(1)从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：

It looks as if we’ll be late.我们似乎要迟到了。

(2)注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译：

It isn’t as if he were poor.他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。

8、It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气

▲ 基本用法

从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”：

It’s time we went [were going, should go].我们该走了。

It’s time I was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)

9、would rather后句子用虚拟语气

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示”宁愿做什么”，具体用法为：

▲ 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I’d rather you went tomorrow(now).我宁愿你明天(现在)去。

▲ 用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你没有这样说过。

10、宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型

▲ I wish后的宾语从句

动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would(could)＋动词原形。如：

I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能有什么用处。

We wish he didn’t smoke.我们希望他不吸烟。

I wish prices would come down.我希望物价能降下来。

▲ 表示“坚持”后的宾语从句

主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

I insisted that he(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。

注：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：

He insisted that I had read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。

▲ 表示“命令”后的宾语从句

主要是指order, command的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如： He ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。

▲ 表示“建议”后的宾语从句

主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

He suggested that we should leave early.他建议我们早点动身。

注：与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会：

He suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。

▲ 表示“要求”后的宾语从句

主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

I ask that he leave.我要求他走开。

He requires that I(should)appear.他要求我出场。

▲ 表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句

主要是指move, vote等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

I move that we accept the proposal.我提议通过这项提案。

▲ 表示“敦促”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

He urged that they go to Europe.他敦促他们到欧洲去。

▲ 表示“安排”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

He arranged that I should go abroad.他安排我去国外。

▲ 表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

She desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。

▲ 表示“指示”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

The general directed that the prisoners should be set free.将军指示释放那些俘虏。

11、主语从句中的虚拟语气

在It is necessary，important，strange，natural，advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.；

it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

▲ It’s important…类

这一类型主要包括It is(was)important(necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that...句型。如：

It is impossible that he should go home.他不可能会回家去。

▲ It’s a pity…类

It is a pity that she should fare so badly.她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。

▲ It’s desired…类

这种主语从句还常用在It is(was)desired(suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc.)that...句型。如：

It is requested that a vote be taken.建议付诸表决。

12、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation，suggestion，idea，plan，order等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

Our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go．我们的建议是你应该第一个去。

13、在 lest，for fear that(以免), in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气在 lest，for fear that(以免), in case(以防)从句中用should＋动词原形, should 可以省略.She walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。

为方便记忆，表格对比

使用虚拟语气的主要句型谓语动词的虚拟形式例句

表现在的虚拟条件句从句：用动词过去（be 多用were）

1.If I were you, I should study English.2.I would certainly go if I had time.主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形

表过去的虚拟条件句从句：had + PP

1.If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.2.If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.主句：would/should/could/might +have + PP

表将来的虚拟条件句从句：①用动词过去②should +V原③（were +to do）1.If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.2.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.主句：would/should/could/might +have + PP

省略 if 的条件句从句：用倒装形式，即把were,had等置于句首。(并只限were/ had)主句：根据虚拟的情况采取与从句相应的形式。

1.Were I in school again(= If I were in school again, I would work harder.)

2.Were it not for the rain,(不能说Weren’t it for the rain,)I would go swimming.错综时间条件句（从句与主句所表示时间不一致）根据从句与主句表示的不同时进行调整。

1.If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now

2.If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things woud be going so smoothly.含蓄条件句（虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文之中，从句不表现出来）

(常见有but for“要不是” without等)根据句子表达的实际情况选用相应的虚拟条件句中的主句的动词形式

1.Without air, there would be no living things.2.I would have given you more help, but I was busy now.名词性从句中的虚拟语气

wish, “可惜……”“……就好了”，“悔不该……”“但愿……” wish后从句：与表各种时间的虚拟条件句中的从句动词形式基本相同。

具体：

1，表与现在不能实现的愿望，从句用“过去时，be 用were”

2.表与过去不能实现的愿望，从句用“had+PP 或 could/would +have +PP“ 3..表与将来不能实现的愿望，从句用“could/would +动词原形” 1.I wish I were a bird.2.I wish I had known the answer..would rather 后的宾语从句 would rather后从句：动词常用过去式

1.I would rather they came tomorrow

demand, insist,suggest, command, order, require, request, desire等一类动词后的宾语从句（suggest表“暗示、隐含等”insist表“强调，力言等”不用虚拟语气。）从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。

1.I suggest you(should)go at once.2.He suggested that he patient’s leg should be cut and this suggested that he was not good at the case.(注意两个suggest的准确翻译)

“It is(was)+上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词important,natural,strange ,necessary等形容词）”后的主语从句从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。

1.It ordered that the army(should)get there by 4 a.m.2.It is necessary that she(should)be sent there at once.order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。

His demand is that we(should)finish the work in 3 hours.特殊形式的虚拟语气

as if 引导的从句（表示非真实时）但表真实时，不用虚拟语气。与虚拟语气条件中从句动词形式基本相同。

1.Tom speaks as if he were a girl.2.He looks as if he had been to Beijing.so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 May/might/should +V原 I live so that others may live better.It is(the very/high)time that后的定语从句从句谓语动词常用过去式，有时也可用should+动词原形

It is(high)time that we went(should go)to bed.It is time that I were leaving.省去主句的If only(要是……就好了)虚拟条件句与wish后的宾语从句谓语形式相同。

If only I hadn’t lost the chance!(= I wish I hadn’t lost the chance)

某些表祝愿的句子常用原形或“May+动词原形” Long live world peace!May you be happy1

虚拟语气教学设计篇6

班级：

姓名：

学习小组：

层级编码：

组内评价：

教师评价：

【善归纳】对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。

【牛刀小试】____________________________(要是我试着没修表多好啊).I made it worse.3.>I wish she would change her mind.我希望她会改变主意

【善归纳】对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：从句动词“would/should/could/might + 动词原形” 【牛刀小试】你希望她第二天会到

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二、If 引导的虚拟语气条件状语从句

【品味经典】If the weather were fine, they would go for a swim.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sport meet.If I had taken his advice, I should have not made such a mistake.【善归纳】表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语：过去式（be-were）；主句：would/should/could/might+do

表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语：过去式（be-were）/should do/were to；主句：

would/should/could/might+do

表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语：had done；主句：would/should/could/might have+done

【牛刀小试】如果你把杯子丢下来，杯子会碎的。

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三、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country.(我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。

【善归纳】由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形

【牛刀小试】主席坚持认为我们应该再讨论一下这个问题。

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【Self-checking】【Summary】主备人：王斐审核：包科领导：年级主任：使用时间：

Grammar-Subjunctive Mood 【Learning aims】

1.To understand the different forms of Subjunctive Mood.2.Learn to use the different forms of Subjunctive Mood correctly and freely through cooperative study.3.Be great English users.【Important and difficult points】

Decide which kind of form should be used according to the context 【Instructions】

1.Preview the usage of Subjunctive Mood.2.Finish the learning guide paper independently and tick out the difficulties before class.【Independent Learning】 TaskⅠCorrect the mistakes of the following mistakes.1.You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.2.I insisted that you(should)be wrong.3.It is necessary that he(should)come to our meeting tomorrow 4.If he were here, everything would be all right.5.Now that he is in China, he wishes he understands Chinese.【Cooperative Study】

TaskⅡTask Ⅱ Read and understand the following patterns and finish the translation

一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1>I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.我希望我的家乡一年四季都是春天。

【善归纳】对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were,实义动词用过去式

【牛刀小试】我真希望我是一个很博学的人。

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2.> I wish you had called earlier.我希望你早些打电话了。

【教师寄语】Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.胸中有知识，胜于手中有金钱。

【Learning Reflection】

1.What I have got(我的收获)_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.My puzzling points(我的困惑)

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Teaching procedure: Step1.lead-in : ask the students to find sentences concerning to the usage of Subjunctive Mood from the reading passage.Step2.explanation of the learning aims Step3.students answer questions in Independent learning and then check answers together Step4.discussion of Cooperative study part Step5.presentation&comments Step6.questions&answers Step7.check-yourself Step8.summary Step9.homework