高考英语作文标杆带翻译
Today, a lot of people’s life pace is so fast that they feel tired about life. Some young people are lost when they talk about future, because they are stuck in their work. Most Chinese people lack of passion about their life, but life needs passion, or we are just walking dead. The way to find passion is to see the beauty of life, such as spending more time with families. Even some people live far away, they still need to contact with their friends and families. Talking with them can always bring happy memories and forget annoyance. The other effective way to gain passion is to travel. When people are in vacation, they often feel easy and regain the power. After appreciating beautiful scenery, they will broaden their vision and have the passion to fight again.
现在很多人的生活节奏都是非常快，以至于他们对生活感到厌倦。一些年轻人在谈论未来时迷失了方向，因为他们被工作困住了。大多数中国人对生活都缺乏激情，但生活需要激情，否则我们只是行尸走肉。拥有激情一是需要看到生活的美丽，比如多花时间和家人在一起。即使有些人住得很远，他们仍然需要联系他们的朋友和家人。与他们交谈总能带来快乐的回忆，忘记烦恼。二是旅行。当人们在度假时，他们通常会感到轻松，重新获得力量。在欣赏了美丽的风景之后，他们得以开阔视野，有再次奋斗的激情。
关键词：高中英语写作训练,书面表达,范文翻译,小组合作
过去, 老师对英语书面表达有所关注, 但指导方法不佳, 时间投入带来的并不是学生高质量的书面表达。相反, 就连基础比较好的学生要写一篇内容较充实、结构较完整、可读性较强的书面表达都存在一定困难。究竟是学生不敢爱书面表达, 还是书面表达爱不起。只要解决这一问题, 就能提高学生的英语书面表达能力。在新课程背景下, 现今的英语教师已都认识到英语书面表达在英语教学中的重要性。在日常英语教学中, 他们对书面表达教学越来越重视。英语书面表达的教学新法不断涌现。我结合日常书面表达教学实践和研究, 旨在探究书面表达教学的有效途径。
一、当前高中书面表达教学简析
1. 当前高中书面表达教学存在的问题
(1) 书面表达布置无的放矢
在日常英语教学过程中, 许多老师虽明白写作的重要性, 但在给学生布置书面表达任务时存在随意性和盲目性———往往拿到什么练习卷就布置什么书面表达, 缺乏系统性, 无的放矢, 事倍功半。
(2) 学生存在消极训练心理
听说读写译各项技能中, 写是高中学生最头疼的一项。所以, 一谈到书面表达, 学生总是表现出排斥和畏惧的心理, 但是为了完成老师布置的任务, 他们又不得不一次次消极地进行训练。反复训练的结果可想而知, 一些学生反而越写越糟。
(3) 书面表达批改后反馈不佳
书面表达批改任务繁重, 许多老师辛辛苦苦地将书面表达批改完, 可是分发下去, 学生只是简单地看看分数和评语, 对于错误不做任何修改就扔到一边。其实, 更多时候学生是不知道怎么修改, 更不用说知道自己到底哪些地方、哪些句子写得好。
(4) 错误“输入强化”
以上教学中存在的所有问题, 在一次次的作文训练中, 会形成错误的强化现象, 与Sharwood Smith提出的“输入强化理论” (1991) 相悖。
“输入强化理论” (Input Enhancement) 的核心是交际活动与改错活动的有机结合。Sharwood Smith指出, 通过“输入强化”, 学习者既可注意在交际过程中忽略的语言现象, 又可使交际过程中的错误输入得到纠正, 提高语言的准确性。然而, 在现实教学中, 许多学生不仅没有改正错误, 习得正确的表达法, 实现“输入强化”, 还使错误在一次又一次训练中强化, 最终出现负面的“输入强化”现象, 错误得到巩固。教师会抱怨学生老是犯同样的错误, 更别指望学生写出优美句子。
2. 当前高中书面表达常见有效的训练法
不同省份的英语书面表达字数要求在120至150个字不等, 似乎仅由十来个句子组成, 而要把这十来个句子写好, 却很有学问。冰冻三尺, 非一日之寒。日常的积累在英语书面表达训练方面有至关重要的作用。写作能力的培养不可能一蹴而就, 我们需要由浅入深、由易到难、由简到繁地进行训练。在英语教师的大家庭里, 所有成员为了学生, 都在积极探索高中书面表达训练的“秘籍”, 渴望我们的弟子能够在师傅这本“武功宝典”指引下练就一身绝世的英语书面表达功夫, 来日闯荡各种英语测试这一“江湖”。
首先, 教材是学生首先接触到的最主要的课程资源, 为学生提供了大量鲜活的语言。课文题材广泛, 体裁多样, 难易程度适中, 适合学生做缩写、仿写、改写、续写及写评论、读后感等练习。这些练习既能使学生巩固已学的课本知识, 加深学生对课文的理解, 又有助于提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。
其次, 美文背诵、句型操练、翻译等方法得到了运用, 发挥了作用。运用这些方法培养出了一大批技艺超群的英语书面表达高手。
3. 范文翻译法出现的背景
根据课标要求, 学生在高中阶段要不断地提高听说读写四项基本技能。整合当前有效的训练方法, 我对书面表达的训练进行了可控制性设计, 目的是让学生在一定的教学目标的指引下进行有效训练。
二、范文翻译法简介
1. 范文的选择
在收集了近十年各省高考书面表达题目及其范文之后, 写出相应的中文版本范文, 按记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文进行分类。针对文体的不同, 将高中英语写作常见的近百个句型分别用在4种文体的35篇范文中进行训练。当然, 选择的范文话题根据课标要求的话题进行整合。
2. 范文翻译实例介绍
某英语报社拟成立“微笑俱乐部”, 现对外征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为“I want to Smile”的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份, 根据提示用英语写一篇短文 (2009年福建高考) 。 (1) 根据思路图适当展开, 使行文连贯; (2) 词数:120左右。
中文范文:
我要微笑
微笑优点很多, 既可以愉悦自己又可以愉悦他人。如果对生活微笑, 生活也会对我们微笑。不论何时何地, 我们要对所有人微笑。
首先, 对父母微笑, 因为他们生我并含辛茹苦把我养大。他们几乎为我安排好了一切。在他们的帮助下, 我取得了巨大的进步。我想微笑地对他们说声“谢谢!”。然后, 我要对自己微笑, 因为只有通过这种方式我才能够笑走麻烦, 过更好的生活。
总之, 让我们笑迎每一天。明天又是崭新的一天。
(1) 翻译前
翻译之前, 我先介绍范文翻译当中会用到的句型供学生使用, 目的在于让学生在翻译中强化句型, 方便今后写作时信手拈来。如下:
句型1:not only...but also...
句型2:only+状语+倒装。
句型3:if等从属连词引导句子的省略。
句型4:would like to do sth.
句型5:without/with+宾语作为条件的句子。
但是并不是简单将句型告之学生。对于每个句型的使用, 利用课堂时间进行事先操练, 提高使用的准确率。
(2) 翻译时
在上交作业之前, 要求小组成员之间用蓝色笔先互改。主要是修改句型、标点和单词拼写的错误。要求批改者签名。互改完后进行二次修改, 然后组长收起上交等待老师批改。
(3) 教师批改
为了解决教师包办而效率低的问题, 对于翻译进行“双改”制。一改老师将学生错误的地方用各种规范的作文批改符号标出。评分并写好评语分给学生进行二改。学生二改要找到互改的那位学生一同修改。之后, 老师利用课后时间进行二改。 (根据不同的学生, 有的进行面批, 有的用录音的方式减少对学生的干扰。) 第二次修改后, 老师与小组成员一起讨论, 进一步修改, 最终形成小组翻译成果。
(4) 成果展示
选出5篇优秀的翻译作品张贴到学习园地。
(5) 后翻译阶段
翻译结束后, 要求小组将成果收集汇总形成“专著”。在积累中成长, 在共同提高中体验学习的快乐。
3. 范文翻译法的辅助提高措施
单一的翻译可能会让学生烦, 特别是基础不好的学生。所以范文翻译还可以采用单句成段法、借用缩写、仿写、改写、续写及写评论、读后感、同声传译法等变换操练。
4. 范文翻译的优缺点
范文翻译法, 能够扎实基础, 稳步提高学生的书面表达能力, 效率高。但是, 由于工作量大、课时要求高, 要求授课教师做好充分的规划并充分调动学生的积极性。
四、结语
范文翻译法还处于研究探索阶段, 但从教学实践的效果来看, 是相当有效的。怎样使该方法成熟并推广, 还有待进一步研究。所谓有心人天不负, 相信在不断深入的过程中能够不断完善该方法。所谓条条大路通罗马, 对于书面表达的教学也没有定法, 关键是一种方法运用好了, 可以让多人受益。
参考文献
[1]Sharwood Smith, M.“Speaking to many minds:On the relevance of different types of language information for the L2 learner”.Second Language Research, 1991, 7 (2) :118-132.
[2]教育部.普通高中英语课程标准 (试验) [M].人民教育出版社, 2003.
[3]孙尧芳.浙江省东阳市中天高级中学.高中英语书面表达教学中存在的问题及对策.学英语, 2008.04.29 (44) .
[4]夏建清.输入强化理论与英语书面表达打草稿.考试周刊, 2008 (8) .
When I was small, if people asked me what did I want to be in the future, I would answer without hesitation that I want to be a teacher. In my heart, being a teacher is so sacred, people treat the teacher as gardener, they have contributed to fostering the future talented. So many years ago, a lot of people chose to be a teacher, but now, the teachers are enjoying less welfare, as the economy develops, the price of commodities has risen largely, while teacher’s salary only raises a little. In some countries, the teachers are very unsatisfied with the present treatment, they work so hard, but the less money can’t make them live a comfortable life, so they have to fight for their welfare. It is necessary to raise the teacher’s salary, they have work so hard and make a lot of contribution to the country, they deserve earn more income.
当我还小的时候，如果人们问我将来想做什么，我会毫不犹豫地回答成为一名教师。在我心里，成为一名教师是很神圣的，人们把教师当做园丁，他们在为培养国家未来的栋梁而做出贡献。很多年以前，很多人选择成为一名教师，但是如今，教师只享受少量的福利，随着经济的增长，物价大幅度上涨，然而教师的工资只小幅度上涨。在一些乡镇，教师对目前的待遇很不满意，他们那么努力，但是这么少的钱无法让他们过上舒适的日子，因此他们为了争取福利而战。提高教师的工资是很必要的，他们那么努力工作，为国家付出那么多，值得挣更过的钱。
看了“高考英语作文范例带翻译”的人还喜欢：
What is the purpose of study, most students will tell you that they want to find their own value and survive in the society. Reading books will also help people gain knowledge and fulfill their value, but in my opinion, the value of reading books not only contains what has mentioned above, but also contains the happiness from the mind. When people read the good books, they will be immerged into the books and find themselves being part of the story. They can gain a lot from the books, learning how to face the problems or what kind of person they should be. Good books are like the teachers, they show people how to fulfill their value and lead people to the success. People should choose the good books to read, those books which are worthless should be neglected. The value of books is infinite.
学习的目的是什么，大部分学生会告诉你他们想要找到自己的价值，在这社会上生存。读书也能帮助人们收获知识和实现他们的价值，但是在我看来，读书的价值不仅仅包含了前面提到的，也包含了收获思想上的愉悦。当人们读到好书时，他们会沉浸在书中，发现自己成为书中的一部分。他们也能从书本学到很多，学着如何面对问题，或者他们应该成为怎样的人。好的书就像老师，展示人们如何实现他们的价值，引导人们走向成功。人们选择好的书来读，那些没有价值的书尽量少读。书本的价值是无穷的。
看了“高考必背英语作文带翻译”的人还喜欢：
There are many funny places in our school. For example, the football playground, the classroom, the experiment room. But my favorite place is school’s reading-room. Our school’s reading-room is very big and bright. After class, you can go inside and pick out one of your favorite book to read. There are so many books that you don’t know which one you should read first.
I love reading. And J.K Rowling is my favorite writer. I have read the Harry Potter series so many times but I never get bored. In my opinion, reading books not only broaden my horizon, but also help me to be a better man. I can learn different things from these books. When I feel blue, I will go to the school’s reading-room. In that place, I can forget my trouble when I read my favorite novels.
It’s a good option for college students to join the army. Army is the important constitution in a country. Nowadays, many college students prefer to be soldiers. Why?
Firstly, there are many preferential policies for college students to join the army, such as tuition waiver, wage subsidy. What’s more, I consider join the army can strengthen our mind. In my opinion, it’s the most important reason to join the army. Whatever you are a student or others, two years’ training can build a strong body, too.
I want to join the army. My family is delighted to my decision. Because I want to be a great and strong woman and change my images in front of my friends. More importantly, I would like to experience the army life; I think it will be a colorful moment in my whole life.
In class, the teacher showed us a video of the recitation.
在电脑里我看到了自己的样子，感觉非常开心，因为录到的是我认真学习的一面，这样在以后看到录像就不会丢脸了。
I saw myself in the computer, and I felt very happy, because what I recorded was that I studied hard, so that I would not lose face when I saw the video in the future.
看到了录像我想说：我还没有积极回答问题，以后我要多回答问题。
Mom bought me a pair of skating shoes at my fifth birthday. From then on, I developed the hobby of skating. It not only makes me stronger and stronger, but also helps me know many truths of life. I know that it is normal to fall, and if only you can get on your feet again and keep on moving, you are very good!
滑冰
妈妈买了我一双冰鞋鞋子在我的第五个生日。从那时起，我爱好滑冰。它不仅使我愈来愈加强，而且帮助我了解生活很多真谛。我了解摔倒是正常的，并且，假如只有你能摔倒后再站起来，便是非常好!
乡村游记-a trip to the country
i went to the countryside to spend my summer holidays this year。 i liked green plants， clear rivers lovely amimals there。i breathed the fresh air on the mountain sometimes i went swimming in the river。 i kept a diary every day。
i liked not the scene of the countryside， 8ttt8。comalso the people there。 i helped them to do farm work。 i also helped the children in the neighbourhood with their lessons。 the children were interested in english。 they were good at reading writing， 8ttt8。comdid not do well in listening speaking。 i helped them improve their listening speaking。 their parents thought highly of me。 i realized that knowledge is greatly needed in the countryside。
今年我去农村过暑假。我喜欢那儿绿油油的植物，清澈的小河和可爱的动物。我在山上呼吸新鲜的空气，有时在河里游泳。我每天记日记。
成功的定义是什么?我相信不同的人会有不同的看法。
If anyone asks me what is success for me, I will tell him progress is success for me.
如果有人问我对我来说成功是什么，我会告诉他进步就是成功。
I can have small goal or great aim in my whole life.
在我的一生中我可以设定很多小的或者大的目标。
If the goal what I set is too large for me, I will not taste the feeling of success.
如果我定的目标对我来说太大了，我就尝不到成功的滋味。
Or I always set small goals, so I will feel success all the time, which may make me become autophilia and without ambitions.
或者我设的目标太小了，这样我一直都会处于成功中，这也许会使我变得自恋没有雄心壮志。
Therefore, I think if I can be better than yesterday or last time, then I am successful.
因此，我觉得要是我能够比昨天或者上一次好，这样我就算成功了。
初中英语作文带翻译范文二：The True, The Good And The Beautiful 真善美
The true, the good and the beautiful are the Chinese traditional virtue.
真善美是中华民族的传统美德。
When I was a little child, my mother told me that the girl who has the virtue of the true, the good and the beautiful is the most beautiful girl.
在我还是个小孩子的时候，我妈妈就告诉我拥有真善美的女孩才是最漂亮的女孩。
She told me that the truth means I have to be sincere and do not tell lies.
她告诉我真意味着我必须要真诚，不说谎。
The good means that I need to have a kind-heart to everything.
善意味着对所有的一切我都要有一颗善良的心。
The beautiful means that I should have a good mind.
美意味着我要有一个美丽的心灵。
She requires me to be that kind of people.
她要求我成为的那样子的人。
And I also go for that goal all the time.
我也一直朝着那个目标走。
初中英语作文带翻译范文三：Travel to the USA 美国之旅
I have come back from the USA. From my diary you will know that I’ve been to many places in the States and I’ve tried different means of transportation.
我从美国回来了。从我的日记中你会知道我在美国去过很多地方，坐过不同的交通工具。
Here is a list:
这里是一个单子：
I have taken the subway to the Central Park and I have enjoyed the beautiful views there.
我坐地铁到中央公园，我喜欢那里的美景。
I have taken a ferry to Liberty Island and I have visited the Statue of Liberty.
我坐渡轮到自由岛，参观过自由女神像。
I have taken a bike to Chinatown and I have eaten different kinds of Chinese food.
我乘自行车去唐人街，我已经吃了各种各样的中国菜。
I have flied to San Francisco and I have walked on the Golden Gate Bridge.
以 My Favorite…为题，写一篇短文：
My favorite subject is English. I like it because it is interesting. I have English every day. I can speak a little English. I join the school English club. Every afternoon I go there to talk in English. I can see English movies and read English books. I think it is useful for me. I want to learn it well. I like English very much.
我最喜欢的科目是英语。我喜欢它，因为它很趣味。我每一天都上英语课。我会讲一点英语。我参加了学校的英语俱乐部。每一天午时我去那里用英语交谈。我能够看英文电影和阅读英文书籍。我想这对我来说是有用的。我想学好它。我十分喜欢英语。
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