虚拟语气英语语法知识点

虚拟语气英语语法知识点（推荐10篇）

虚拟语气英语语法知识点篇1

教学背景分析

教学内容分析:本语法项目出现在外研版选修六第六模块《War and Peace》,课文《D-Day Landing》中运用了一些IF引导的虚拟语气条件句,用来表述作者对当时情形的非真实的假设。借助于此语篇进行虚拟语气的教学,生动形象, 便于理解。

教学目标

知识与技能目标:学生能够识别出IF引导的虚拟语气条件句;学生能够用虚拟语气表述自己的观点。

情感态度价值观:通过学习本模块的“战争与和平”这一话题内容,学生学会生活中用和平友好的方式解决问题。通过精心设计的课堂活动,培养学生自主学习能力、合作学习意识。

教学过程设计

Pre-task Lead-in任务前导入5分钟

教师问学生“if you were fives years younger now,what would you do?”,学生感到有趣,众说纷纭,各抒己见。用到的句式都是“if I were…I would…”,通过这一话题,让学生初步体会虚拟语气的使用情景—即用在与事实相反的假设中。

While-task任务中27分钟

1首先处理表述过去、现在和将来的If虚拟语气条件句, 分三个环节:语法呈现、观察总结、练习巩固。

Presentation语法呈现(1分钟)

学生阅读屏幕上的文章,划出含有虚拟语气的句子。句子如下:

If we had reached the beach,we would have been killed.

If we had the chance now,we wouldn't choose war.

If I should be the secretary of the U.N.,I would never allow the war to break out.

Observation and conclusion观察总结 (3分钟)

学生观察这些句子,互相讨论,总结出IF引导的虚拟语气条件句三种情况的结构。

Practice练习巩固(11分钟)

通过改写句子、游戏句子接龙和话题讨论这三种方式, 对IF引导的虚拟语气条件句的三种情况进行巩固和使用。活动如下:

Task 1 Rewrite the sentences,using the subjunctive mood. 此活动练习与过去相反的假设。

We didn’t have enough peacekeepers.We didn't stop the war.

We didn't talk in a peaceful way.We quarreled with each other.

Task 2 Play a game.此活动练习与现在相反的假设。例子如下:

S1: If I were you,

I would follow his advice.

S2:...followed his advice,

...would solve the problem quickly.

S3:...solved the problem quickly...

Task 3 Talk about the topics此活动练习与将来相反的假设。

What would you do if you…

live in the year 2112… board the Shenzhou 10 …

have 1 billion dollars… be president of…

2 . 处理I F条件句的混合虚拟语气。三个环节:语法呈现、观察总结、练习巩固。(12分钟)

Presentation observation and conclusion呈现、观察、总结 (3分钟)

学生观察黑板上教师即兴写下的句子If I were you, I wouldn’t have done so well及句子You didn't let me drive yesterday.If we had driven in turn,you wouldn't be so tired now。 If you had told me the news yesterday,I would get there tomorrow.

学生互相讨论,总结混合虚拟语气的句式结构。学生体会出可以根据不同的情景,随意搭配使用。

Practice通过练习,巩固混合虚拟语气结构 (9分钟)

Task 4 Match the sentences句子匹配。

1.If I got everything ready today,

2.If I were the leader,

3.If I had seen the film before,

4.If we hadn’t sacrificed so many lives,

(a)we wouldn’t have our freedom today.

(b)I would have fun tomorrow.

(c)I wouldn’t have started the war.

(d)I would describe the terrible scene to you

Task 5 Fill in the blanks,using the correct form of words用动词的适当形式填空,综合全面的考察学生对虚拟语气的掌握情况,要恰当的使用虚拟语气。

教学反思

虚拟语气英语语法知识点篇2

关键词：英语语法虚拟语气教学

虚拟语气是中学阶段语法教学的重点，也是语法教学的一大难点，许多学生对虚拟语气的学习和运用存在着极大的困惑。作为英语老师，我们有责任帮助学生突破这一重点和难点，使学生轻松掌握虚拟语气的用法。

一、虚拟语气的定义及要求

顾名思义，虚拟语气就是与现实相反的假设。学生首先必需掌握的就是与各种事实相反的假设的几种固定结构，即：与现在事实相反的假设中，条件从句要用“If + 主语 + 动词的过去式（be动词用were）”，主句要用“主语 + should/would/could/might + 动词原形”；与过去事实相反的假设中，条件从句要用“If + 主语 + had + 过去分词”，主句要用“主语 + should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词”；与将来事实相反的假设中，条件从句要用“If + 主语 + 动词的过去式/were to + 动词原形/should + 动词原形”，主句用“主语 + should/would/could/might + 动词原形”。其次是要掌握虚拟语气在主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句中的应用。

二、虚拟语气教学的步骤

1. 利用歌曲意境感知虚拟语气

在学习虚拟语气前，让学生听一首英文歌曲If I were a boy，让学生在歌曲的意境中感知虚拟语气。歌词如下：

If I were a boy Even just for a day

Id roll outta bed in the morning

And throw on what I wanted then go

Drink beer with the guys

And chase after girls Id kick it with who I wanted

And Id never get confronted for it

Cause theyd stick up for me.

这首歌中有一句if引导的虚拟语气， If I were a boy， even just for a day， Id roll outta bed in the morning. 这是一句典型的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句，通过歌曲让学生去体会虚拟语气的含义，即表达说话人的一种美好的愿望，激发学生的学习热情，为虚拟语气的学习打下良好的基础。

2. 有条理地呈现虚拟语气的各种表达方式

虚拟语气有着不同的表达方式，学生容易弄混，因此，这就要求英语教师要系统性、概括性地给学生呈现教学内容，这样才能有利于学生掌握。

（1）非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

非真实条件句中的虚拟语气要跟学生讲清楚是对哪个时间段内的事实的假设，要求学生记住各个时间段内假设的表达形式。一些例句可以帮助学生记忆、理解非真实条件的虚拟。例如，在与现在事实相反的假设中的例句If I were a girl， I would do up my hair. 和If you lived in the school， you would see him every day. 就非常方便学生理解和记忆，让枯燥的语法学习有些许的生机。

（2）宾语从句中的虚拟语气

用于wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气表示一种不可能实现的愿望；用于表示请求、建议、命令的宾语从句中，宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should + 动词原形”， should可以省略；在would rather后的宾语从句中，也要用虚拟语气。

（3）主语从句中的虚拟语气

由“It is suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary等 + that从句”，从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”， should可以省略。

（4）表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

当主语是suggestion， order， advice等表示请求、命令、建议等的词语时，其后的表语从句要用虚拟语气；同样， suggestion， order， advice等词语后的同位语从句也要用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词仍然用“should + 动词原型”，而且should可以省略。

3. 通过针对性的练习，帮助学生掌握虚拟语气

适量的有针对性的练习可以帮助学生更好地掌握虚拟语气的用法。通过练习，教师可以了解到学生在哪些方面还有欠缺，哪些方面还没有完全掌握，从而针对这一点做适当的练习，帮助学生巩固提高。

总之，虚拟语气是学生感到比较困难的一个语法现象，作为英语教师，我们应当通过一定的教学过程帮助学生克服学习中的困难，通过一定量的练习帮助学生理解虚拟语气的用法，通过特定的语言环境帮助学生练习使用虚拟语气，只有这样，才能提高学生的虚拟语气的应用能力，从而提高学生的语言应用能力。

参考文献：

1. 章振邦.新编英语语法[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2009.

2. 高丽萍.英语虚拟语气语法化的研究[J].四川外国语学院学报，2009 （3）.

虚拟语气英语语法知识点篇3

if he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.

if we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示, 而是通过一个介词短语来表示.

without music, the world would be a dull place.

we could have done better under more favorable conditions.

that would have been considered miraculous in the past.

but for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

如果条件句从句中包含有 were, had, should 或could, 有时可把if省略掉, 并把were, had, should或could放在主语前面.

had we made adequate preparation, we might have succeeded.

should there be a flood, what should we do?

英文语法杂谈：虚拟语气篇4

虚拟语气的相关语法(Subjunctive Mood)

五

5.2 除了wish之外，下列各动词(如 suggest)的.后面的虚拟语气宾语从句，谓语用：

“should + 动词原形”表示建议(suggest)、坚持(insist)等虚拟语气：

* suggest (建议)，recommend (推荐)，advise (劝告)，propose (建议)

* insist (坚持)，consent (允诺)

* decide (决定)，order (命令)

* request (要求)，demand (要求)，desire (期望)，ask (要求)

* maintain (主张)，urge (催促)

1. I suggest that we (should 可省略,下同) start the meeting at once.

(suggest, should + start) (表示建议立即开会)

2. The doctor suggested that he (should ) try to lose his weight.

(suggested, should + try) (表示建议你应该减肥喔)

3. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any mains.

(insisted, should + be) (表示坚持，无论如何都要准时到那儿。你再讲也没用哩!)

4. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.

(insisted, should + tell) (表示非要你告诉他不可)

5. He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week bthemselves.

(ordered, should + wash) (表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)

六、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：

下列名词后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should + 动词原形“”表示虚拟语气：

* demand (要求)，desire (请求)，requirment (要求)

* advice (劝告)，recommendation (建议)，suggestion (建议)

* order (命令)

* necessity (必要地)，preference (优先)

* proposal (计划)，plan (计划)，idea (办法)

1. The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.

(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告)

2. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.

(idea，should + get) (表示做出主意)

3. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

(proposal，should + hold) (表示做出计划)

七、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

句型：It is (或was) + 形容词(或过去分词) + that …… +should + 动词原形……

句子：It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural，should+动词原形do)

常用的形容词：

* natural (自然的)，appropriate (适当的)，advisable (合适的)，preferable (更

可取的)，better (更好的)

高中英语虚拟语气教学反思篇5

黉学门中学林梅

通过这节语法教学课，学生在老师的教导下积极参与到语法知识的学习中，了解并掌握了虚拟语气的语法项目和规则，并能完成相关的语法练习，灵活运用各种虚拟句式和情景进行造句，表达自己的观点，基本完成教学任务，达到教学目的。但在具体教学实践中鉴于学生实际情况和课堂意外问题的发生，某些教学环节进行的不流畅，教学时间不够，教学质量也不能保证。如，学生由于词汇量限制，口语表达不到位。由于课堂时间有限，教师无法把虚拟语气讲的更细致，更系统化。由于课堂容量大，信息传递速度快，一些后进生无法在短时间内消化吸收语法项目，有待进一步辅导。

同时，通过这节语法课的精心设计，我深刻体会到引导鼓励学生自主去学习，设计具体任务让学生在交际互动中学习语法，可以把语法课上好，上活。其实，语法教学的目的不只是为了掌握规则，用法，更重要的是为了学以致用，即培育学生灵活运用语言的能力，帮助学生把零碎的语言现象进行归纳，提炼精华，总结规律，学会用语言去做事。

在教学任务设计方面应符合学生实际情况和生活背景，选择他们熟知的内容，这样才能有话可说。任务的完成形式应该多样化，任务的难度应具有层次性，保证每个学生都有能力参与完成任务，在这一点上教师有待改进和提高。

虚拟语气英语语法知识点篇6

虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个重要部分, 在各类语法书中都给出专门章节去讲解。由于英语虚拟语气中的谓语形态搭配在汉语语法中的缺失, 造成了中国学生学习这一语法的困难, 而由于大多数语法书, 甚至一些国内的权威语法书, 比如像《薄冰英语语法》 (2007) , 《张道真大学英语语法》 (2013) , 等都过分强调虚拟语气的“语法性”——或者是展示虚拟语气形态搭配或者是要求记忆特定虚拟句型, 而不去挖掘其形态搭配的根源, 所以常常使得中国学生在学习这一语法是感觉难上加难。事实上, 虚拟语气是一个能在很大程度上反映英语语言形合的语法项目, 由于英语语言的形合特征, 所以虚拟语气的特征主要体现在谓语动词的形态搭配上, 这一形态搭配总的来看属于同直陈语气相比较而言的偏离, 这是从虚拟语气形态上去探讨;从意蕴上来看, 虚拟语气之所以虚拟, 是因为从现在、过去和将来这三种时间上来看, 它内在隐含的是同现在和过去事实相反和将来动作发生的可能性很小的语气。本文首先从虚拟语气的含条件句的基本句型的谓语搭配的形态谈起, 指出其谓语形态发生的时态偏离及其降格现象, 然后又探讨了虚拟语气之所以虚拟的内在的两种意蕴, 然后在下一部分我们通过分析虚拟语气常见的句型中谓语的形态搭配和意蕴, 认为我们可以把虚拟语气中谓语形态的“降级”形态和两种“意蕴”推广开来, 最后指出, 认识到虚拟语气的这些特征将极大地有利于学生对虚拟语气的理解和掌握。

二、虚拟句型中谓语的时态偏离

虚拟句型中谓语的时态, 从主、从句来看主要有以下三种情况, 我们通过例句说明如下:

(1) If Lu Xun were here, he would (should) be glad for that progress now.

汉译为:现在要是鲁迅先生在这里的话, 他会对那样的进

步非常高兴的。

(2) If I had worked hard, I would (should) have passed the exam last term.

汉译为:上个学期要是我好好学习的话, 那我就能通过考试了。

(3) If you were to come here, I would (should) go there tomorrow.

汉译为:明天要是你来这儿的话, 我就要去哪儿了。

通过以上三个例句的英语表达和汉译我们很容易看出, 以上三个英语例句都是虚拟表达, 事实上, 我们知道同汉语相比英语是一种非常形合的语言, 所以从句子内部的形式来看, 它有特定的时态和语态等搭配, 尤其对于像虚拟语气这样的语式, 我们更有必要探讨其内部的时态构成, 这里我们从主句和从句的谓语时态来看, 我们很容易发现, 不论是主句还是从句, 它们普遍的都发生了时态上的偏离。我们知道在英语中, 时态标志词 (time-marker) 是英语句子谓语变化的重要的依据之一, 比如例1, 有表现在的时态标志词“now”, 按正常情况, 我们主从句中谓语中应该用表现在时态的谓语搭配, 然而这里谓语时态却明显的发生了偏离, 从句用的是一般过去式, 而主句用的却是过去将来时 (或者也可以理解为情态动词的用法搭配) ;类似地, 例2、例3也是如此, 例2中有表过去时态标志词“last term”, 但在句子中同样也没有用一般过去时的搭配, 而相反地, 在从句中用了过去完成时, 主句中用了过去将来完成时 (或者也可理解为情态动词的用法搭配) ;例3中虽然有表将来的时态标志词“tomorrow”, 但是从句却用的是过去将来时, 主句也用的过去将来时 (或者也可以理解为情态动词的用法搭配) , 那么谓语时态为什么会发生时态偏离呢?我们可能会回答说, 那是因为这里是虚拟语气。那么我们又有可能会问, 为什么这里你能看出是虚拟语气呢?我们又可能会这样回答, 那是因为这里谓语动词发生了时态偏离。很明显, 这是一个循环问、答, 对于我们学习虚拟语气意义不是很大, 事实上我们探讨虚拟语气的偏离现象的意义在于, 通过探讨找出英语这一特定虚拟语法上谓语搭配上的“形”的规律, 这种形的规律, 简单来讲就是从句中谓语同正常的直陈语气相比普遍地发生了降级现象, 而主句最主要体现的是情态动词would (should) 表推测的用法。我们做图表如下:

由以上我们可以看出, 这种虚拟语气时态的偏离是有章可循的, 尤其是在从句的谓语时态搭配中, 也即:对现在的虚拟, 谓语动词从一般现在时 (do) 降级到一般过去时 (did) , 表现在的过去;对过去的虚拟, 谓语动词从一般过去时 (did) 降为过去完成时 (had done) , 表过去的过去;对将来的虚拟, 谓语动词从一般将来 (be to) 降为过去将来时 (be to) 形式, 明白了这一点, 虚拟语气偏离的时态搭配就好理解了, 至于主句中的谓语动词都是情态动词would (should) 表推测“可能”的用法, 也就是在所有的主句中都隐含着一种可能的内在涵义, 虽然有时我们不把它明译出来, 比如:上边例句可分别译为:

例1:现在要是鲁迅先生在这里的话, 他 (可能) 会对那样的进步非常高兴的。

例2:上个学期要是我好好学习的话, 那我就 (应该) 能通过考试了。

例3:明天要是你来这儿的话, 我 (或许) 就要去哪儿了。

这样我们就能从一个理解的角度去理解虚拟语气中谓语时态的偏离现象了, 避免了我们经常陷入的机械记忆的误区, 而这样的偏离我们可以扩展到其他的虚拟句型的应用上, 所以具有重要的意义。

三、虚拟语气中语义的虚拟意蕴

事实上, 对虚拟语气中谓语时态的偏离的探讨, 我们解决的是虚拟语气句型“形”的问题, 形的问题, 同汉语相比, 是虚拟语气在英语中的一种独有现象, 所以对中国学生来说相对难些, 我们已经进行了具体的探讨, 至于虚拟句型“义”的问题, 我们理解起来还是容易一些的, 因为古今中外所有的语言不论它的形式如何, 它们的“义”是可以交汇的, 所以我们有不同民族间语言的翻译和不同时期语言的翻译。谈到英语中虚拟语气的“义”, 也就是在什么样的语义情况下我们在英汉互译理解时采用虚拟语气的理解。我们最主要分为两种情况:一种是英译汉时的理解, 一种是汉译英时的理解。英译汉时, 我们最主要通过观察谓语动词的形式, 如果谓语动词的形式同直陈语气相比, 发生偏离了, 那么我们就要在英译汉时就要尽可能地把虚拟语气的情态翻译出来, 如果是汉译英时, 我们一定要采取谓语动词偏离的形式去翻译, 那么什么时候我们应采用呢, 这也就是我们作为一个汉语使用者应该搞清楚的问题, 大致有两种情况:一种是与事实相反, 一种是事情发生的可能性很小, 与事实相反这是我们通常谈到的, 事情发生的可能性很小实际上也是我们在理解虚拟语气时的一个重要依据, 否则的话那就应当用直陈语气了, 再讲的透彻一些, 第一种情况经常应当属于对现在和过去的虚拟, 因为只有在是现在和过去时才能说是与事实相反, 而在将来那就应当是发生的可能性很小了。还是通过以上我们列举的三个句子来说明:

(1) 现在要是鲁迅在这里的话, 他会对那样的进步非常高兴的。

英译为:If Lu Xun were here, he would (should) be glad for that progress now.

(2) 上个学期要是我好好学习的话, 那我就能通过考试了。

英译为:If I had worked hard, I would (should) have passed the exam last term.

(3) 明天要是你来这儿的话, 我就要去哪儿了。

英译为:If you were to come here, I would (should) go there tomorrow.

例 (1) 和例 (2) 很显然是表达一种与事实相反的状况, 因为鲁迅很明显不可能在这里, 而且上个学期我肯定也没有好好学习, 而例 (3) 同前两个例子相比则有些微妙的差异了, 因为是对将来 (明天) 情形的虚拟, 所以说明你来这儿的可能性极小极小, 要是大的话就用直陈语气了, 即“If you come here, I will go there”.

所以从意蕴的方面来讲, 虚拟语气的“义”就表现在两种情况:即与现在和过去发生的事实相反和从将来的角度来看动作发生的可能性很小, 当然刚才我们只是从三个典型例句来分析虚拟语气中的形上的时态偏离和义上的两种意蕴, 那么是否可以推广到虚拟语气中的其他句型, 我们将要通过更多的例句进行探讨说明。

四、虚拟语气的时态偏离和两种意蕴的其他句型的推广

以上我们对于虚拟语气“形”和“义”的探讨, 最主要是英语虚拟语气中最常见的含条件句的主从复合句之中, 那么我们所提出的时态偏离和两种意蕴是否适合于其他虚拟式句子呢, 我们最主要是通过选取一些英语的典型的句子来看看, 首先我们把这些句型分为以下几类, 每一类我们给出2-3个典型句子:[1]

1表示含有命令、决定、建议等词源的词语之后的that分句。

He ordered that all the books (should) be sent at once.

She insisted that she (should) go to the south for her holiday.

2用于含有某种观点的特定形容词的句型的that分句。

It is essential that all the facts (should) be examined first.

It is necessary that he (should) come back without delay.

3用于某些含有特定的词语的句型之中。

It is time we went to bed.

If only I were not so nervous.

If only I hadn’t been so nervous.

I am told they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train.

He didn’t attend the meeting.I would rather he had been present.

He behaves as if he owned this place

She was sitting quietly in the garden as if nothing had happened to her.

I wish I didn’t have to go to work today.

I wish I hadn’t eaten so much last night.

I wish you wouldn’t smoke in public places.

4用于某些公式化语句之中。

Long live the People’s Republic of China!

God bless you!

He will remain here if need be.

以上第一和第二类that从句中的谓语动词很显然涉及到将来的动作, 由于其动作的发生本身不决定用主句中句子的主语, 所以在这里用虚拟表示从理据上来说就是应当的, 也就相应的从句子谓语形态上发生了时态偏离, 用动词原形或者情态动词should+动词原形。

第三类句子里包含了一些特定的词语和句型, 我们通过“形”和“义”分析, 也是符合我们提出的理论的。这里简要分析“It is time that…”句型和含“would rather (that) ”句型的例子。It is time we went to bed. (我们该睡觉了) , 主句用的是一般现在时谓语动词而从句却用了一般过去时, 而显然发生了时态的偏离, 从这句话的意义上来讲也只是一种建议, 动作的发生也不取决于说话人的意见, 所以也是应该用虚拟语气的。再看would rather例句, 很显然第一个例句表示对现在的虚拟, 第二个例句是对过去的虚拟, 它们都发生了时态偏离, 而且意义上都是与所发生事实相反, 如果我们有耐心去分析其他组的例句也同样符合我们的结论。

第四类里是一些所谓的公式句, 事实上是人们在日常生活中句子常用的简练浓缩, 也是表达祝愿, 必要等意图, 所以也就相应的用了虚拟, 形式上发生了偏离, 比如在“God bless you!”当中, 虽然“God”在数上属于第三人称单数, 但是谓语动词绝对不能用第三人称单数形式, 因为这是由于内在的虚拟所致。

五、结语

我们知道人类的言语虽然有其特定的法则, 但是无论从共时还是历时的角度来看, 言语都是动态变化的, 它会在它的机制内部产生一些或者消失一些言语的词类和运用, 反映到与其相对应的语言上, 我们也可以说是动态变化的, 所以任何的语言法则, 即使是最严谨的语法系统都不能真正的包罗下一切语言现象, 我们今天谈到的虚拟语气更是如此, 虽然本文结论般的从虚拟语气的“形”和“义”两方面提出了虚拟语气中的“时态偏离”和“两种意蕴”, 但目的并不在于为虚拟语气下定论, 或者论证这一结论在虚拟语气这一语法系统下, 放之全部都皆准, 而在于帮助中国学生能更好地的掌握这一英语语法现象, 同时也希望和同行交流, 以更好地促进中国学生对虚拟语气的理解和学习。

摘要：虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个重要部分, 由于它的谓语形态搭配在中国语法中的缺失, 所以造成了中国学生学习这一语法的困难, 本文拟从虚拟语气的“形态”和“意蕴”两个角度展开讲解, 以挖掘虚拟语气之所以为虚拟的根源, 从而摆脱许多语法书所强调的对虚拟语气形态搭配机械记忆的窠臼, 最终帮助学生更好地学习和理解英语虚拟语气。

关键词：虚拟语气,形态搭配,形态,意蕴

参考文献

[1]张道真.张道真大学英语语法[M], 合肥:安徽人民出版社, 2013年。

[2]薄冰何政安.薄冰英语语法[M], 北京:开明出版社, 2007年。

高考英语虚拟语气五大考点篇7

考点1：if虚拟条件句

首先，我们来了解一下if条件从句中的动词和主句的动词使用情况：

从上表我们可以清楚地看出，假设情况不同，if从句和主句中的谓语动词形式也相应有所不同，需要同学们认真记忆，并在考试时对应作答。例如：

15. John went to the hospital alone. If he________

me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010年天津卷)

A. should tell B. tells

C. told D. had told

【解析】题干的意思是：“约翰独自去了医院。如果他当时告诉我的话，我早跟他一起去了。”前面独立的句子是陈述语气，交代了整个事件发生在过去。后面主句would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的假设，故if从句中应使用had done形式，故正确答案为D。

值得注意的是，时态运用不能一概而论，也不能照搬上面的表格，而应具体情况具体分析。当我们遇到错综时间虚拟条件句时，也就是if引导的从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致时，就应根据实际情况和语境来判定时态。例如：

30. Maybe if I________science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2011年北京卷)

A. studied B. would study

C. had studiedD. was studying

【解析】题干的意思是：“如果我那时学的是科学而不是文学，也许我现在就能给你更多的帮助了。”主句用的是would be able to do，表示对现在情况的虚拟，但由从句中的then可知， if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句应用had done形式，故正确答案为C。

注意：如果if条件句中的谓语含有were、should或had，可将if省去，而将这三个词放于条件句主语之前构成倒装。例如：

10. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy________ (2010年浙江卷)

A. would have been savedB. had been saved

C. will be savedD. was saved

【解析】题干的意思是：“如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。”根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟条件句，补上if并还原题干为正常语序：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy________ 由此可判断if引导的从句表示对过去事实的虚拟，故主句应用would have done形式；又因为time and energy和save之间存在着被动关系，故正确答案为A。

考点2：含蓄条件句中的虚拟

含蓄条件句即不出现if字眼，而是通过上下文或without、otherwise、but for、even if/though等词(组)来表示虚拟的条件从句。如果与现在或将来事实相反，这时动词用would/could/should/might + do；如果与过去事实相反，这时动词用would/could/should/might + have done。例如：

22. I________through that bitter period without your generous help. (2011年陕西卷)

A. couldn't have goneB. didn't go

C. wouldn't goD. hadn't gone

【解析】题干的意思是：“没有你慷慨的帮助，我就不可能度过那段艰难的时期。”此时并没有明显的虚拟词if出现，但通过题意我们能明显感觉到without your generous help表含蓄的条件，“度过那段艰难的时期”说明事情发生在过去，“不可能”则明显与过去事实相反，因此主句谓语应使用couldn't have done形式，故正确答案为A。

28. We________John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2011年江西卷)

A. will putB. will have put

C. would putD. would have put

【解析】题干的意思是：“要不是因为约翰近来受了伤，我们昨天早就把他的名字列到参赛名单中了。”根据but for判定此题考查含蓄条件句，题干中所阐述的情况与过去事实相反，因此主句谓语应用would have done形式，故正确答案为D。

考点3：wish宾语从句中的虚拟

一般情况下，wish后从句中的动词形式如下：

例如：

28. —Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

—I wish they _________ always late. (2011年北京卷)

A. weren'tB. hadn't been

C. wouldn't beD. wouldn't have been

【解析】题干的意思是：“——孩子们在哪里？晚饭要彻底被毁了。——我希望他们不要总是迟到。”分析题干的结构，wish后的宾语从句表示与现在事实相反的愿望，应用动词的过去式，故正确答案为A。

考点4：would rather宾语从句中的虚拟

词组would rather后接从句时，从句的谓语用did表示与现在或将来情况相反的事实，用had done表示与过去情况相反的事实。例如：

34. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he _________ more on its culture. (2010年江苏卷)

A. focusB. focused

C. would focus D. had focused

【解析】题干的意思是：“乔治打算谈论自己祖国的地理状况，但是我宁愿他多讲讲它的文化。”题干中would rather之后的从句应用虚拟语气，表示与将来情况相反的事实，用动词的过去式，故正确答案为B。

考点5：特定宾语从句中的虚拟

在表示“建议、要求、愿望、提议”等词(如advise、recommend、command、demand、desire、insist、order、propose、request、require、suggest、urge)之后的宾语从句中，谓语都用(should) do表示虚拟。例如：

29. Teachers recommend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010年福建卷)

A. not allow B. do not allow

C. mustn't allow D. couldn't allow

【解析】题干的意思是：“老师建议父母为了安全起见应不允许12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去上学。”动词recommend表示建议，其后宾语从句的谓语应使用(should) do的形式表示虚拟，故正确答案为A。

76. Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss) (2010年湖北卷)

【解析】题干的意思是：“约翰逊先生坚持要求在会议上讨论这个值得大家注意的问题。”动词insist表示“坚持”，其后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do的形式表示虚拟，又因为problem与discuss之间是被动关系，故答案应为(should) be discussed。

同学们需仔细揣摩以上虚拟语气的考查热点，认真体会其考查途径和方法，记忆相关知识，力争在高考英语虚拟语气的相关考题上不失分。

虚拟语气英语语法知识点篇8

当it作形式主语，后面用形容词作表语，即在it is + adj.这样的句型中，当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable，critical，crucial，desirable，essential，imperative，important，incredible，inevitable，necessary，recommend，strange，urgent等形容词时，主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，如果是现在时，谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略);如果是过去时，则用should/would + have done的形式。

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably，the retreat from predominance proved painful.

这是一个含有主语从句的`复合句。句首的It是形式主语，真正主语是that从句，该主语从句使用了虚拟语气should+完成时。( TEXT1)参考译文：随着其他国家日益富裕，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。惟其不可避免，从优势地位上退出愈发痛苦不堪。

虚拟语气英语语法知识点篇9

Enable the students to master the usage of the Subjunctive mood.

Teaching important points

How to enable the students to know the structure and the usage of the Subjunctive mood.

Teaching difficult points

How to help the students to master the usage of the Subjunctive mood.

Step1 Pre-task activities

1. Group work

If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.由此引入授课内容，主语是I，be 动词怎么用were?不是am或was?会不会是老师弄错了?调动学生的好奇心和学习兴趣。然后，以AIDS为主题学习虚拟语气。

Get Ss to collect more information about AIDS, such as pictures, news and so on before class.

2. Brainstorm

Let the Ss say as many words concerned with the topic AIDS as they can.

HIV: Bad People: Incurable:

Inject drugs: AIDS: Disease:

Symptoms:Virus: Giving blood:

3. Lead-in

Play a short film directed by Liu Dehua which calls for people to have a correct attitude towards people infected with HIV or have AIDS and help people know more about AIDS.

Step2 Task-cycle activities

Task1. Topic focus

Get Ss to make a report about what they know about AIDS through information collecting. Meanwhile they can show pictures by using the multimedia. Such as “ December 1st is the World AIDS Day; “The red ribbon is the national symbol of HIV and AIDS Awareness,” “ Each year, more than 5 million become infected with HIV,” etc.

Task2. Inquiry learning

Ask the Ss to use grammatical materials given and refer to their reference books to find out the rules of the subjunctive mood by group work.

Read the following sentences below. Give your explanation about the sentences and write out your understanding rule.

Sentences ( Example )

Your explanation

Rules

I wish I could fly like a bird.

It’s a pity I can’t fly.

Wish that … did

He wishes she were my friend

If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.

If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.

Give Ss a few minutes to discuss, then each group send a representative to make a conclusion and then the whole class work together to sum up the uses as the followings, the teacher gives help when necessary.

if虚拟条件句

主句

从句

与现在事实相反

过去时;be动词用were

would / should 等+动词原形

与过去事实相反

would / should / 等 + have done

had done

与将来事实可能相反

过去时

should +动词原形

were to +动词原形

would / should 等+动词原形

wish从句虚拟语气

主句

从句

从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为 were)

现在时

过去时

从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had + 过去分词)

过去时

过去完成时

将来不大可能实现的愿望

将来时

would/could +动词原形

Task3 Discussion

Let Ss make wishes using the Subjunctive Mood of different tenses in groups of four.

Step3 Post-task activities

1. Interviewing

Ask the Ss to work in pairs, playing the role of a newspaper reporter and Li Hua, using the Subjunctive Mood. Finally invite some pairs to act out their interview in the front.

2. Writing

Ask the Ss to write an interview dialogue after the interview, trying to use the Subjunctive Mood Learned in this period.

3. Summary

1.We can also use the subjective mood to talk about something unreal or untrue.

2.The subjective mood can be used to show that something is important, necessary or suggested.

homework

1) 整理记录小组活动中你给予别人的和别人给你的建议及其它对话中用到的虚拟语气的句子。.

英语复合句中虚拟语气的用法分析篇10

语气是表示讲话人对讲话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气是用来表示说的话不是事实, 或是不可能发生的情况, 是一种愿望、建议、假设、怀疑、忧虑、推测等的语气。虚拟语气是语法学中的一大难点, 用法比较复杂, 难于理解、记忆和应用。现将其在复合句中的用法分析总结归类如下。

2 在状语从句中的应用

2.1 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气

2.1.1 if引导的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气

(1) 与现在事实相反, 从句用did (be用were) , 主句用would/should/could/might do;与过去事实相反, 从句用had done, 主句用would/should/could/might have done;与将来事实相反, 从句一般用did/should do/were to do, 主句用would/should/could/might do (三种可能性都不大:did可能性稍大, should do次之, were to do最小) 。eg:

If wishes were horses, beggers might ride.如果幻想能成为马匹, 叫花子们都有了坐骑。

The flood might have caused great damage to the people if we hadn't built so many reserviors.

(2) 在正式文体中, 可省略if;但从句要倒装 (即were/had/should/could提到从句句首) 。eg:

Were it necessary, I might resign.

(3) 错综时间虚拟条件句:主句和从句的动作不是在同一时间发生, 其动词形式要根据时间而定。eg:

If the ship had left out noon, it would be passing through the canal now.

(4) 暗含虚拟条件句:虚拟条件暗含在句中, 表假设, 用名词, 动词, 形容词, 代词, 介词, 连词, 分词, 不定式, 定语从句, 比较级, 祈使句或上下文等来表达, 相当if引导的虚拟条件句。eg:

A wise man wouldn't have done that.

A judicious man would not have committed suicide.

I would't be deceived so easily. (If I were you)

I would do so in your place.

But for your guidance, I couldn't have succeeded.

Without the Communist Party, there would be no new China.

On being shown this book, no one would believe that it was written by a ten-year girl.

She would have come to the party, only she had an urgent matter to attend to.

I could have gone with her, but I was too busy.

We didn't know his address. Otherwise/Or we would have visited him.

Given more time, I would have done it better.

This same thing, happening in wartime, would be unimaginable.

He would be clever to accept that suggestion.

A man who stopped working would amount to nothing.

Give him an inch and he would want a foot.

Ordinarily, he would have flown into rage.

She might have refused to answer. (if you had asked her)

(5) if it were not for的虚拟条件句 (可由but for/without+n.替换) 。eg:

If it were not for the rain, the crops should become withered.

If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.

(6) but that的虚拟条件句 (可由but for/without+n.替换) 。eg:

But that it snowed heavily, they could have arrived there earlier.

She would have bought the book, but that she had no money then.

2.1.2 suppose/supposing that陈述语气表真实条件;虚拟语气 (对现在和将来的假设) 表非真实条件。

eg:

Suppose/Supposing that it rains, we will stay at home.

Suppose/Supposing that it rained, we should stay at home.

Suppose/Supposing that there were no gravitational force, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped.

2.1.3 unless可表真实条件, 也可表非真实条件。eg:

I couldn't get a grant unless I had five years' teaching experience.

I couldn't have bought it unless I had had enough money

2.1.4 on condition that (在...条件下) 可用陈述语气, 也可用虚拟语气, 但均表真实条件。eg:

The guards allow the tourists to go into the woods on condition that they do/should do no harm to the animals.

2.1.5 in case从句可用陈述语气 (可能性大) ;也可用虚拟语气 (should) do (可能性小) 。eg:

Here's some money in case you need it. 这儿有点钱以防你需要用。

He took his raincoat with him in case it (should) rain.他带上了雨衣以防下雨。

2.2 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

2.2.1 in order that, so that, for fear that 从句常用should/could/might do;主句是现在时, in order that 和so that引导的从句也可用can/may/will do。eg:

They climbed to to the top of two buildings so that they should get a bird's-eye view of the city.

Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.

2.2.2 lest从句谓语动词常用 (should) do。eg:

He ran away lest he should be caught by the enemy.

2.3 as if/though引导的方式状语从句中的虚拟语气

2.3.1 as if (though) 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句, 用虚拟语气。

(1) 与现在事实相反, 从句用did (be用were) ;与过去事实相反, 从句用had+done;表将来的可能性不大, 从句用would/might/could do。eg:

He talks as if he knew about it.

Remember to picture your desired goals as if you had already attained them.

It looks as if it might rain.看上去好像要下雨。 (表语从句)

(2) as if前的主句有时可省略。eg:

As if he were a teacher.

As if he had seen a strange thing.

(3) It isn't as if...结构eg:

It was not as if he were an expert?他又不是什么专家!

It isn't as if he had claimed to be the owner of the property.他又没声称自己拥有那些财产呀!

2.3.2 as if (though) 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句有时表发生的可能性较大时, 用陈述语气。eg:

It looks as if our side is going to win. (表语从句)

He walks as if he is drunk.

2.4 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气

2.4.1 由although;even if;even though;if (=though) ;though;so long as;whether;whatever;wherever;whoever;however;whichever;no matter what/who/how (表推测, 让步) 引导的让步状语从句用虚拟语气;从句用动词原形, 但主句一般用直陈语气。eg:

Though everyone desert you, I will not.

So long as a volume hold together, I am not distrubed as to its outer appearance.

Whether he be right or wrong, he'll always go his own way.

Wherever you might go, you would be welcome.

2.4.2 Whether it/he be...or... (表让步) 结构用虚拟语气, 其省略结构是be it/he...or... (必须倒装) , 其意义是不管 (论) 是...还是... 。eg:

Every day he takes a walk in the park in the evening, whether it be fine or raining.

Be they common people or high-ranking officials, they stand equal before the law.

Be it true or not, I will have a try..

would rather...than和would...rather than引导的从句用虚拟语气 (后that可省略) :should do。eg:

I would rather die than (that) he should know the secret.

He'd do anything else rather than (that) he should study hard.

3 在名词性从句中的应用

3.1 宾语从句中的虚拟语气

3.1.1 wish后宾语从句表愿望 (that常省略) , 用虚拟语气。

(1) 表现在不可能实现的愿望, 从句用did (be用were) ;表过去没实现的愿望, 从句用had done;表将来不可能实现的愿望, 从句用did或would/should/could/might do eg:

I wish I were back home; I don't like this place.

He knows that he should not have done it; he wishes he hadn't done it.

I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一起去。

(2) 在It is wished that...主语从句及wish (名词) 后的表语或同位语从句也要用虚拟语气eg:

It is wished that he had not made the mistake.他要没犯此错误该多好。 (主语从句)

Many parents' wish is that their children could attend a first-class university. (表语从句)

(3) would rather/had sooner/had just as soon/would as soon等后宾语从句与wish宾语从句相同。eg:

I'd just as soon you didn't speak rudely on her.

I'd rather you had't done that.

Don't come tomorrow, I would rather you came next week.

(4) if only (但愿, 要是…就好了) 引起的感叹句与wish宾语从句相同, 但更富有感情色彩。eg:

If only I could speak several foreign languages.

If only she had known where to find you.

If only it would stop raining! 但愿雨能停下来。

3.1.2 表建议, 命令, 要求的动词引导的宾语从句。

(1) suggest/order/demand等v.后的宾语从句用虚拟语气: (should) do。这样的动词还有:advise;advocate;agree (决定) ;appoint (命令) ;argue;arrange;ask (要求) ;beg;command;consent;decide;decree (裁决) ;deserve;desire;determine;dictate (命令) ;direct (命令) ;expect;insist;instruct;intend;legislate;maintain;move;object;permit;persist;persuade;petition (请愿) ;pray (恳求) ;prefer;promise;propose;provide (规定) ;recommend;request;require;resolve (决意) ;sentence (判决) ;specify;stipulate;urge;vote (投票决定) 。eg:

The emergency required that all the tasks (should) be completed at least two days ahead of time.

The committee decided that no one (should) be admitted without a ticket.委员会决定无票者不得入场。

She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.她坚持要预订座位。

(2) 当上述动词作其他意思解释或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实, 如suggest (暗示, 表明) , insist (坚决认为) , 要用陈述语气。eg:

The expression on his face suggests that he knows it.

He insisted that she was telling the truth.

(3) suggestion/order/demand等n.后的主语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句用虚拟语气: (should) do。这样的n.还有:advice;decision;desire;idea;insistence;motion;necessity;pay;plan;preference;proposal;recommendation;request;requirement;resolution;sentence。 eg:

His suggestion is that he (should) be sent toTibet. (表语从句)

It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year. (主语从句)

We'll issue the regulation that the library (should) be open even on Sunnday. (同位语从句)

3.1.3 believe/dream/expect/suspect (否定式或疑问式表惊奇, 惶惑, 怀疑, 不满, 失望) 后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气:should do/should have done。eg:

I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.

He just couldn't believe that his hometown should have gone through such great changes.

3.1.4 accept/admit/allow/consider/grant/mean/suppose/think (意念或态度动词) 后宾语从句用虚拟语气:should do/should have done。eg:

I didn't mean that you should come so early.

He began to think that we shouldn't have waited so long.

3.1.5 marvel/regret/rejoice/wonder (意念动词) , think/suppse (用在否定, 感叹, 疑问句) , hate等动词 (表意外地喜惊悲疑等情况) 后宾语从句用虚拟语气:should do/should have done。eg:

I marvel that he should be able to do so much in such a short time.

Who would have supposed that things would/should turn out this way?

To think that it should come to this!

I never thought Helen should be so vain and selfish.

3.1.6 imagine后宾语从句用虚拟语气:表对现在或将来非现实情况的设想用were, 表对过去非现实情况的设想用had done。eg:

Imagine that we were on the moon now.

Imagine that he had not done like that, what would have happened?

3.2 主语从句/表语从句/同位语从句中的虚拟语气

3.2.1 It+be+adj.+that...的主语从句

(1) 用虚拟语气:

(should) do。这样的adj.有:advisable;anxious;appropriate;better;careful;compulsory;concerned;desirable;eager;essential;fitting;funny;good;imperative (迫切的) ;importamt;insistent;keen;necessary;obligatory;pitiful (可惜的) ;preferrable;proper;resolved (决心的) ;ridiculous;right;strange;urgent;unthinkable;vital。其中, 有些词可用在I am+adj.+that...结构中。eg:

It is necessary that some measures (should) be taken.

It will be better that we meet some other time.

She was anxious that her daughter (should) be taken good care of.

(2) 用陈述语气。这样的adj.有:apparent;certain;confident;evident;likely;natural;possible;probable; sure;true;no wonder。eg:

It is no wonder that you can't sleep when you eat so much.

I'm confident that he will win the next election.

3.2.2 It+be+ past.p+that...引导的主语从句用虚拟语气:

(should) do。这样的past.p有:arranged;desired;insisted;ordered;proposed;requested;suggested。eg:

It was arranged that Tom deliver him to Union headqurters at Harpers Ferry in his wagon.

It was ordered that we finish the work in an hour.

It was postponed that we set off.

It is suggested that the students (should) sing a song.

It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Saturday.

3.2.3 It+be+表情感的词+that...的主语从句, 这样的词有:

alarming;amazing;annoying;astonishing;bewildering;contemptible;deplorable;despicable;disappoinginng;disconcerting;discouraging;dreadful;embarassing;frightening;inconceivable;incredible;irritable;lamentable;odd;perplexing;shocking;strange;surprising;tragic;upsetting;wrong;apity;a shame;athousandpities;toberegretted;

Iam+表情感的词+that...结构, 这样的词有:ashamed;disappointed;embarrassed;glad;happy;pleased;sorry;surprised;upset。

表说话人惊异, 懊悔, 失望等情感用虚拟语气, 从句中用shoulddo/shouldhavedone (竟然, 居然) 。eg:

It was astonishing that she should have kept the secret from him all through their life time.

It is incredible that Jane should have fini she dherpaper so soon.

It is ashame that he should have donesucha thing.

I am sorry that he should be in suchpoor health.

3.3 定语从句中的虚拟语气

It is (about/high/just/quite/really缓和或加强语气) time that... (该干某事了, 含有些晚了的意思) 后定语从句用虚拟语气:did (常用) /should do;可用It is time forsb.to结构替换

I think it is high time that Mr.Smithmad eup his mind.

It is quite time she should wash her clothes.

例外:Its time I was in bed. (不用were)

4 结语