英语写作之常用套话（精选7篇）
一般而言in general;generally speaking;by and large
满于现状be happy with what you are
预测未来project into the future
另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is…
不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of…
评估社会文化因素 assess(evaluate)sociocultural factors
那并非说… that does not mean that…
那有这回事 there is no such thing as
一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is…由…造成 caused by;attributable to;due to;resulting from
由…组成 is made up of…;is comprised of;consist
必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:
限制limit;restrict;refrain;restrain;keep within limits;confine;keep in check
一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that…
这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls:
说服convince;persuade;cause to believe
具体的specific;concrete;tangible
刻意的intentional;on purpose;intended
费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with…
…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue
无法估计is beyond calculation;incalculable
一、激发写作兴趣
俗话说:兴趣是最好的老师。在笔者看来, 对于好动的初中生而言, 兴趣是唯一的老师。这就要求我们教师在平时的教学中, 采取多种形式激发学生的写作欲望。其实每个学生都有渴望成功、获得成功和体验成功的意愿和快乐, 所以让学生拥有成功的体验是激发学生英语写作的最佳途径之一。那么如何使学生取得成功, 笔者认为可以降低标准, 循序渐进。例如, 对初一的新生而言, 我们可以让他们进行三句话进行自我介绍。这正好也是和开学第一单元的reading部分相得益彰的。教师可以激励学生进行课前演讲, 也可以让学生进行组内交流。一段时间之后可进行写作竞赛。教师每堂课阅读一至两篇范文, 把写的好的文章和进步较大的文章张贴英语写作园地。一个星期以后, 可增加至五至六句, 他们就不在觉得困难, 难以动笔。对初一新生的要求简单些, 形式多样些, 表扬多一些。在不断的训练中, 可以提高学生的写作水平, 培养他们的自信心, 调动了他们的积极性, 提高他们的写作兴趣。自然也就提高了写作能力。
如今是网络时代, 大部分学生对网络痴迷、好奇, 我们教师可以投其所好在课堂上使用多媒体来提高学生的兴趣。我们可以运用多媒体系统以及教师自制的各种课件, 在课堂上创造出生动和贴近学生生活实际的写作情景。突出形象性, 使学生有身临其境的感觉。从而很自然地联想起我们所学过的句型, 排除汉语的干扰, 有利于培养学生用英语进行思维的良好习惯。
二、夯实基础知识
写作水平的提高, 和学生对词汇和句型的掌握是密不可分的。如果不能掌握一定的词汇, 写作就会变得举步维艰, “巧妇难为无米之吹”说的就是这个道理。没有一定的词汇量, 再完美的思想也无法表达。而词汇的掌握对学生往往是个难点, 词汇量大, 有些单词的复现率又不高, 学生很容易遗忘。这就要求我们教师在教授词汇的时候要注意方法。教师所呈现的词汇要有情景, 并且要给学生一定的震撼, 学生就会牢记。另外, 单独的词汇是没有生命力的, 所以在背诵词汇时, 我们要求学生把词汇放于句中或者文章中, 这样可保证所使用的词汇的准确性。在写作时要多选用词组和熟悉的句型来表达, 可以增强文章的表现力。平时要求学生注意积累英语中的常用句型和习惯表达, 它们会使文章增光添彩, 更符合英美国家的表达习惯。
其次, 要加强五种基本句型结构的教学。几乎所有的英语句型都是五种句型的扩大、延伸或变化, 因此训练学生写作就要抓住五种基本句型的训练, 让他们牢记这五种基本句型, 不断运用。掌握五种基本句型后, 还要对学生进行扩句训练, 因为那五种基本句型虽能表达一定的意思, 但无法自由地表达思想。在加强句型教学同时, 要对句子进行分析, 对学生进行一种意思多种表达的句型训练, 多培养学生的基本语感。
三、扩大阅读量
众所周知, 写作与阅读是密不可分的, 阅读是写作的基础, 在阅读方面花的时间越多, 驾驭语言的能力就越强, 所以要写好英语作文先要读好英语文章。首先, 让学生读透课本上的reading部分, 因为这些都是很好的范文, 语言规范, 贴近学生生活实际, 文笔通畅。精彩的段落一定要背诵。而且要经常使用, 教师在课堂上要进行不断地渗透。其次, 要进行大量的课外阅读。显然一个星期一节的阅读课是远远不够的。教师一定要帮助学生养成良好的多阅读习惯。刚开始一个学期我们可指定几本通俗易懂的英语课外书籍, 每天读一小段, 课上进行组内交流。一段时间过后, 可自行选择阅读材料, 但必须有阅读心得。广泛的阅读, 可以使学生接触较多的英语语言材料, 接受更多的英语信息, 扩大了知识面, 了解英美国家的风土人情。这样, 学生的思维活跃了, 他们的理解能力也提高了, 他们的语感也随之增强了。以后写起文章就会得心应手, 不会言之无物了。
四、掌握写作策略
一要注重指导策略。在平时的写作训练中, 教师要指导学生运用写作技巧, 帮助学生掌握写作要领, 降低写作难度, 从而提高写作能力。具体的说, 教师应指导学生认着仔细的审题, 认真分析题中所提供的信息, 关键是不能漏要点。现在的写作部分总有一两点学生的发散思维部分, 有些学生就疏忽了。在审题的时候还要善于把较难的中文要点转化为我们所熟悉的词组和句型, 化难为易。这样才能不断提高写作兴趣和水平。另外在审题的时候就确定人称、时态、语态、固定搭配和句型等。写作前要列提纲, 学生写完后应反复地阅读所写文章, 检查语句是否正确, 也可相互阅读检查。
二要注重批改策略。教师批改是写作教学的一部分, 在这一过程中, 教师的作用就是肯定学生的成绩, 找出错误, 给学生适当的评价。教师对学生的作文不能过度的批改。作文上过多的红色叉叉, 会把学生的热情全部浇灭, 以后就会害怕动笔。我们在课堂上批改作文时, 可以直接选择几位程度不同的学生的文章, 投影到大屏幕上, 鼓励学生参与评价和修改, 集思广益, 这样教师可以及时了解学生写作中存在的问题, 进行评价性指导, 从而实现了教与学的双向交流与良性互动。
课后批改时, 也不必急于纠正, 对写得不好的部分可以通过暗示或书面提示, 给学生空间, 如果学生意识到自己的错误, 自己纠正比教师直接指出效果好。如果学生不能自己纠正, 可以通过学习小组, 相互交流、探讨, 来纠正文中的错误, 增强学生学习的互动性, 培养他们相互交流、相互学习、相互帮助的合作精神。
1.我要努力办好。
2.事关和谐稳定大局、事关党和政府形象。
3.总之，在处理这件事的过程中，我会始终坚持冷静、周到，尽快平息事态、积极满足群众诉求、维护党和政府形象。我也相信，群众终究是通情达理的，动之以情、晓之以理，这件事情会得到圆满解决。
4.人与人之间难免产生误会，但本着坦诚的心态，积极沟通，一定会得到圆满解决。
5.我要冷静对待、圆满处理。
6.领导对我的批评是关心爱护。
7.与同事有了矛盾，我首先要从自己身上找原因。
8.这是给我锻炼学习的机会，况且能帮助同事、为工作做贡献也是我的本分。
9.总之我相信，人与人之间没有解不开的疙瘩，没有过不了的鸿沟。只要本着以诚相待的原则，积极沟通，矛盾与尴尬都会化解。我也相信，同事(朋友)是识大体、顾大局的，我们最终会相互理解、相互支持。
10.总之我相信领导会体谅我的难处，妥善处理好这件事。
11.至于部分群众/社会的不理解，有关部门要做好解释、宣传工作，形成共识，形成对我们工作的强大支持。
12.这让我想到，我们做工作，要注意目的和结果的一致性。不能光凭着良好的愿望的去办事，而应该认真调研、科学决策、妥善实施，才能为人民办实事、办好事。这里一个非常重要的办法，就是多向人民群众请教，多做调查研究。
13.这让我想到，我们做工作是为了人民群众，但工作做好了，一个重要的标准，就是要看人民群众搞不高兴、满不满意、答不答应。所以有了好的想法、好的做法，还需要向人民群众做好宣传解释，吸引他们更好的参与、表达和监督，形成我们推动工作的强大合力。
14.这让我想到，我们做工作，要注意权衡利弊，全面考虑。学会从全局上来考虑问题，而不能只看局部。这里一个非常重要的办法，就是多向人民群众请教，多做调查研究。
2010公务员面试七类题答题模板及常
用套话
在公务员考试”反培训“思潮日趋严峻的形式下，公务员面试模板、套话似乎已成为了“过去式”。其实不然，公务员面试模板、套话只是提供了答题的框架，这犹如人体的骨骼一样。只有结合自己的经历，恰当运用面试模板、套话才能组成一具有血有肉的鲜活躯体。
一、公务员考试常见七类面试题答题模板
开头
主体
结尾
计划组织
意义：尽快切题，不要太高。
表态：我要努力办好。
目的（说实在的）
重点（氛围、主题/内容、形式/方法、保障）
落实（切实组织实施、协调各方力量、及时请示领导）
相信在领导和同事的关心支持下，这项工作能够得到圆满解决，【目的】也能得到实现。
应急处理
性质：事关和谐稳定大局、事关党和政府形象。
表态：我要妥善处理。
及时到位
积极协调（铺垫准备）
抓住重点（这件事情的第一要务是„„）
调查处理（落实责任）
维护形象
请示汇报
总之，在处理这件事的过程中，我会始终坚持冷静、周到，尽快平息事态、积极满足群众诉求、维护党和政府形象。我也相信，群众终究是通
公务员考试网http://gwy.wendu.com 情达理的，动之以情、晓之以理，这件事情会得到圆满解决。
人际协调
认识：人与人之间难免产生误会，但本着坦诚的心态，积极沟通，一定会得到圆满解决。
表态：我要冷静对待、圆满处理。
领导对我的批评是关心爱护，1.与同事有了矛盾，我首先要从自己身上找原因
提建议不被接纳：建议不翔实、具体，没有给出可操作的具体建议；
被误会：自己沟通不够；
被疏远：自己与同事交流不够，没有很好地融入这个团队；
被指使、被派活：这是给我锻炼学习的机会，况且能帮助同事、为工作做贡献也是我的本分）
2.遇到棘手尴尬的事情，我总的理解是：一要坚持原则，做好本职工作；二要积极沟通，争取别人的理解和支持„„ 3.注意分情况说明
1．对于矛盾：总之我相信，人与人之间没有解不开的疙瘩，没有过不了的鸿沟。只要本着以诚相待的原则，积极沟通，矛盾与尴尬都会化解。我也相信，同事（朋友）是识大体、顾大局的，我们最终会相互理解、相互支持。
2.对于两难尴尬：如果A，那么„„；如果B,那么„„。总之我相信领导会体谅我的难处，妥善处理好这件事。
政府行为
表态：我理解，【】之所以这么做，可能是出于„„（目的）的考虑。这一点是值得肯定的。但具体来看，„„（行为）能不能达到目的，值得商量。
A、行为与目的不符：
1.实现„„（目的），有利于„„（意义，不要拔太高）。2.但„„（行为），会导致„„（负面后果）。
3.要实现„„（目的），把好事办好，应该从„„入手。B、行为与目的基本相符：
1.实现„„（目的），有利于„„（意义，不要拔太高）。2.这样做„„（行为），能够实现这一目标（适当展开）。3.至于部分群众/社会的不理解，有关部门要做好解释、宣传工作，形成共识，形成对我们工作的强大支持。
C、行为的负面效果大于正面效果（代价过大）：
1.实现„„（目的），有利于„„（意义，不要拔太高）。2.这样做„„（行为），能够实现这一目标。3.但要考虑到，这样做，会„„（负面效果）。4.要实现这一目的，可以采取别的办法，比如„„。
公务员考试网http://gwy.wendu.com A、行为与目的不符：
这让我想到，我们做工作，要注意目的和结果的一致性。不能光凭着良好的愿望的去办事，而应该认真调研、科学决策、妥善实施，才能为人民办实事、办好事。这里一个非常重要的办法，就是多向人民群众请教，多做调查研究。
B、行为与目的基本相符：
这让我想到，我们做工作是为了人民群众，但工作做好了，一个重要的标准，就是要看人民群众搞不高兴、满不满意、答不答应。所以有了好的想法、好的做法，还需要向人民群众做好宣传解释，吸引他们更好的参与、表达和监督，形成我们推动工作的强大合力。
C、行为的负面效果大于正面效果（代价过大）：
这让我想到，我们做工作，要注意权衡利弊，全面考虑。学会从全局上来考虑问题，而不能只看局部。这里一个非常重要的办法，就是多向人民群众请教，多做调查研究。
社会现象
表态：题目中所说的，反映了„„（适当提炼，不要太高、太空）的现象。
1.原因：之所以出现这种现象，是因为（思想、机制制度、监督、落实、投入„„）。
2.影响：这种情况，„„（影响）。
3.对策：因此要根据以上情况，从以下几个方面着手。一是„„（思想、宣传），二是„„（机制制度），三是„„（监督/落实）。„„
这让我想到，我们相关部门要为人民服好务，要„„（原则、道理概括，但不要太高、太空）；我们作为公务员，也要注意„„（原则、道理概括，但不要太高、太空）。
如果前面说多了，也可适当省略。
思辨类
理解（点题）A、原则：
1.注意辩证思维。很多看似对立的东西是可以有机统一的； 2.注意大题小做：从比较高度的大道理转化为我们做事做人、做公务员的基本原则、转化为对所报考部门、乃至所报考岗位的理解、工作打算。（所以“自我介绍”的基础一定要打好、用熟）
3.注意“诱敌深入”：对于比较模糊的价值判断，要努力具体化为自己有把握的内容。然后从容道来。B、思路：
1.是什么（点题）。2.为什么（论证）。
3.怎么办（引申：如何做人、如何做事、如何服务人民）。
这让我想到，我们相关部门要为人民服好务，要„„（原则、道
公务员考试网http://gwy.wendu.com 理概括，但不要太高、太空）；我们作为公务员，也要注意„„（原则、道理概括，但不要太高、太空）。
如果前面说多了，也可适当省略。
联想
不用开头，直奔主题。
原则：
1.阳光向上。基本模式：
政府/公务员为群众办好事；
人与人之间经由矛盾/误会到和解/理解；
个人经过奋斗/努力走向成功；
公务员经过努力/沟通与群众达成理解、办了实事
„„
2.尽量简单。不要太过曲折。
3.词性要活用。名词可以活用为形容词、动词，反之同理。等等。比如“人民”，可以指群众，也可指某品牌，还可为公园名；可做主语，可做宾语。等等。
4.简短为要，点到为止。
二、公务员考试常见面试题基本思路
1.是什么—为什么—怎么样
2.目标—重点—要求
3.干什么—为什么—怎么干—谁来干
4.具体情况具体分析/具体原因具体对待：如果甲，„„;如果乙，„„;如果丙，„„。
5.万能八条：思想、制度、监督、落实、投入、技术„„
6.三段论：统一思想提高认识—抓住重点把我要求—加强领导落实责任
三、公务员面试常用套话
1.我要努力办好。
2.事关和谐稳定大局、事关党和政府形象。
3.总之，在处理这件事的过程中，我会始终坚持冷静、周到，尽快平息事态、积极满足群众诉求、维护党和政府形象。我也相信，群众终究是通情达理的，动之以情、晓之以理，这件事情会得到圆满解决。
4.人与人之间难免产生误会，但本着坦诚的心态，积极沟通，一定会得到圆满解决。
5.我要冷静对待、圆满处理。
6.领导对我的批评是关心爱护。
公务员考试网http://gwy.wendu.com
7.与同事有了矛盾，我首先要从自己身上找原因。
8.这是给我锻炼学习的机会，况且能帮助同事、为工作做贡献也是我的本分。
9.总之我相信，人与人之间没有解不开的疙瘩，没有过不了的鸿沟。只要本着以诚相待的原则，积极沟通，矛盾与尴尬都会化解。我也相信，同事(朋友)是识大体、顾大局的，我们最终会相互理解、相互支持。
10.总之我相信领导会体谅我的难处，妥善处理好这件事。
11.至于部分群众/社会的不理解，有关部门要做好解释、宣传工作，形成共识，形成对我们工作的强大支持。
12.这让我想到，我们做工作，要注意目的和结果的一致性。不能光凭着良好的愿望的去办事，而应该认真调研、科学决策、妥善实施，才能为人民办实事、办好事。这里一个非常重要的办法，就是多向人民群众请教，多做调查研究。
13.这让我想到，我们做工作是为了人民群众，但工作做好了，一个重要的标准，就是要看人民群众搞不高兴、满不满意、答不答应。所以有了好的想法、好的做法，还需要向人民群众做好宣传解释，吸引他们更好的参与、表达和监督，形成我们推动工作的强大合力。
14.这让我想到，我们做工作，要注意权衡利弊，全面考虑。学会从全局上来考虑问题，而不能只看局部。这里一个非常重要的办法，就是多向人民群众请教，多做调查研究。
15.沟通是解决问题的桥梁。
„„
四、公务员面试自我介绍注意事项
自我介绍中涉及的个人经历，应该是最后顺理成章地连贯为走向今天这个工作岗位的准备、前奏。
自我介绍中，每一段经历应该给我们带来收获，造就我们某个方面的素质(理论基础、团队精神、吃苦耐劳、沟通协调技巧、人生体会，等等)。
托福写作素材之名人篇：瓦特 (Watt)
瓦特 (Watt)
British engineer and inventor who made fundamental improvements in the steam engine, resulting in the modern, high-pressure steam engine (patented 1769).瓦特，詹姆斯1736-1819英国工程师和发明家，他对蒸汽机做出了基础性的改进，使之发展成现代的高压蒸汽机(1769年获得专利)
参考事迹：提起瓦特，大家都可能认为是蒸汽机的发明家，其实早在瓦特之前，已经有比较粗糙的蒸汽机了，不过经过瓦特的改造，效率大大提高，引发了人类历史上第一次技术革命，推动了工业革命的运行。因为蒸汽机，瓦特从一个一贫如洗的穷小子成了名利双收的人物，他在里就获得了76,000 英镑专利税，为了保护自己的专利，他到晚年显得非常不爽，经常到法院起诉，阻止和压制别人的发明，甚至不许自己的助手去试验用蒸汽发动四轮车。这是一个科学家的悲剧，不过对GRE考生来说是好事情，找着专家批了!
轶事：小时候看到一壶水开了，蒸汽把壶盖冲的扑扑跳，这种常人司空见惯的现象却引起了小瓦特的浓厚兴趣，目不转睛的盯着水壶，忘了把它提下来，为此被大人说成“懒孩子”
利用点：“The people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others.” 以及所有专家，权威的话题。知道成功，不知道怎么利用成功?
托福写作素材之名人事迹篇：华盛顿 ( Washington)
华盛顿 ( Washington)
American military leader and the first President of the United States (1789-1797). Commander of the American forces in the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), he presided over the Second Constitutional Convention (1787) and was elected President of the fledgling country (1789). He shunned partisan politics and in his farewell address (1796) warned against foreign involvement.
参考事迹：美国开国元勋。胜利后别人拥戴他当国王，不干，并辞去总司令职务回乡务农，后来被选上当总统后，干了两届，共八年，坚决拒绝第三次连任，按照他的声望，完全可以一直连任。为此后美国总统连任不得超过三任做出了范例。美国人民心中的NO.1
轶事：如果没有记错，樱桃树的故事是华盛顿搞出来的?
参考点：革命家不能顾及到自己的利益，否则革命不彻底，当头的不能老当头，就算牛也要下来。诚实谦虚不图虚名等品质。
托福写作素材之名人事迹篇：比尔·盖茨
比尔·盖茨
Bill Gates When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world’s No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.
新托福写作名人例子内容节选
Mark Twain in Hannibal
When be wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain turned Hannibal, Missouri—which he later described as a “white town drowsing in the sunshine of a summer’s morning” — into an American literary Mecca. No other town in the country has stronger associations with an author, and Twain readily acknowledged its role in his success.
The relationship between Hannibal and Twain began in November 1839, when Twain’s father, John Clemens, decided to leave the hamlet of Florida, Missouri, and move east about 35 miles(56km) to the somewhat larger and more prosperous Hannibal, on the banks of the Mississippi River. Twain, then known as Samuel Clemens, marked his fourth birthday about a week after the family settled there. He showed little promise of becoming a long-term resident. However, because his health was so poor that his parents probably feared he would not survive childhood.
During the family’s first few years in Hannibal, Twain was too young to understand fully the changes going on around him. John Clemens, though trained as a lawyer, tried to support his family by running a store and speculating in real estate. When those ventures failed, Clemens was forced to postpone his plans to establish a permanent home for the family.
About 1843, he began concentrating on the practice of law, a decision that brought some stability to the family finances and enabled him to have a house built. Construction began in 1843, and the family moved into the new house the next year. Situated on Hill Street, near the center of town, the modest two-story frame house attracted little attention during the years when the family called it home. The kitchen, dining room and parlor were on the first floor, and three bedrooms, along with a small wardrobe room, were upstairs.
About the time the family moved into their new home. Twain’s health improved dramatically. Instead of having to lead a quiet indoor life, he could roam the streets of Hannibal. Climb the surrounding hills, explore the area’s caves and splash about in local swimming holes. He reveled in his newfound freedom, spending nearly all his free time playing outdoors with the other boys in town and soon becoming a leader. One member of his gang was Twain’s and became a close friend. Twain’s many comrades also included girls. Across the street lived one named Laura Hawkins, with whom he often flirted.
Twain’s carefree days did not last long, His father used their house as collateral for a friend’s loan, and the creditor took possession when the loan failed. A physician who lived diagonally across the street from the family offered to let them live in his home, which was called the Pilaster House because of its decorative columns. The Clemens family moved into that house sometime in late 1846. On March 24, 1847, John Clemens died. His wife, Jane Lampton Clemens, and their oldest son, Orion, managed to regain possession of the little house on Hill Street, and the family moved back into it that summer. These events dampened but did not extinguish Twain’s cheerful disposition.
1.主题句
1) 主题句的位置:请找出段落的主题句
Smoking is harmful to your health. Experiment show that smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious disease cancer, smoking can also cause other health problems. For example, it gives one a“smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or the terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?
2) 写好主题句, 有两条原则
(1) 主题句要明确, 句中须有一个词, 词组, 或从句让读者一目了然本段的确切主题, 明确本段的重点或观点。
(2) 主题句要概括, 它陈述你要说明的重点和观点, 句中必须包含有可扩展主题的词, 词组或从句。他应该是你将进一步表明你的态度和看法的概括。同时, 主题句有利于控制作者本人的主题的扩展。
练习:下面一段没有主题句, 请根据全段内容拟定一个主题句。
___________________________. For example teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is very difficult to calculate the true value of services which people perform for us. The conditions of society are such that sills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at shop. Everyone has something to sell.
2.扩展句
扩展句的作用是丰富, 支持, 扩展主题句的内涵。扩展句的表达形式是多种多样的, 可以按时间或空间顺序, 从整体到局部从局部到整体的方法叙述, 描写, 说明或议论, 也可用比较, 对比, 比喻, 推导, 归纳, 演绎的手段来展现。
在作文中, 我们常会谈到首先, 其次, 然后, 该如何表达?
1) first, second, third, last
2) the first, the second, the third, the last
3) to begin with, then, furthermore, finally
练习:根据所给的主题句和提示, 写好段落的扩展句。
主题句: How excited we were when we learned that we were going to have a spring hour.
(1) after—discussion—agree—climb—out of the city
(2) we—often pass by mountain—the first time—think of—climb it
(3) set out—early—morning
(4) about—an hour—begin—tired—still a long way—go
(5) short break—go on—climb
(6) lunch time—get to the top—mountain
(7) our beautiful city—below us—happy—very tired
结尾句:It proves that many things are just like climbing a mountain; they look attractive, but they are not easy to do.
参考答案:After a heated discussion we agreed to climb the mountain outside the city. We had passed by the mountain when we were taking a bus out of the city, but it was the first time we had thought of climbing it. We started early in the morning. About an hour later, we began to feel tired, but there was still a long way to go. We took a short break and then went on climbing. Not until lunch time did we get to the top of the mountain. At sight of our beautiful city below us, we felt happy though we were tired out.
3.结论句
结论句并非必不可少, 但它能起到以下的作用: (1) 表示段落的结束。 (2) 总结要点, 与主题句相呼应。 (3) 供读者就本段落的主要内容和见解有个深刻的印象或进行思考。
推荐几种常用结论句:
感叹句1. (主题句:Life is limited, but knowledge is boundless.)
结尾句:How important it is to read good books!
疑问句2. (主题句:Books are full of knowledge and wisdom.)
结尾句:Why shouldn’t we read more books to search more and use them to develop our splendid future?
比喻3. (主题句:When I was a little girl, I lived with my grand-parents in a faraway village.)
结尾句: Time was gone with the wind. But my childhood is like amber (琥珀) , glittering in my life.
总之, 英语书面表达的训练是综合能力的训练之一。大量的多种训练要贯穿于英语教学的始终, 因为英语的听说读写是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体。平时要鼓励和指导学生多读多练, 坚持不懈, 以至达到“下笔如有神”的境界。
摘要：英语写作是英语学习的最高阶段。中学生必须在具备了一定的词汇积累, 语法基础和英语语感才能进行英语写作, 因此英语写作也是对中学生学习英语提出的最高要求, 是英语教学中的一项艰巨的任务。本文在写作中如何进行段落的设计进行阐述。
关键词：高中英语,写作教学,段落设计
参考文献
[1]方芳《.论高中英语写作教学中的意义建构》《.教学与管理:理论版》, 2010年第4期
[2]潘正选《.新课程标准背景下高中英语写作教学策略》.《中小学英语教学与研究》, 2011年第4期
truck sales 50 October November, December,The Octoberwas half as many as that in September(300).Truck sales remained unchanged in the rest of three-month period.开头结尾句型：
1，The graph, presented in a XX chart, unfolds a clear picture of XX/illustrates that/outlines/summarizes/
2，As can be seen from the XX graph, XX.3，As a whole, the data indicate that XX.4，It can be safely concluded that XX.5，The following paragraphs will identify and discuss the trends in the graph.6，Certain patterns are evident from these figures.常用词汇
表示上升的动词
Go up(went up)/rise(rose)/ grow(grew)/ increase(increased)/ ascend(ascended), 其中 rise和increase 也经常作名词, grow-growth
表示急剧上升的动词
Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up(shot up)/ soar(soared)其中surge也可以做名词表示下降的动词
Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend, 其中decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease也经常 做名词
表示急剧下降的动词
Plummet/ plunge
表示速度快的形容词
Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep 副词加-ly
表示幅度大的形容词
Marked/ substantial / significant, 副词加-ly
表示缓慢,逐渐的形容词
Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow/ moderate, 副词加-ly
表示小幅度的形容词
Modest/ moderate/ slight, 副词加-ly
表示波动的动词
Fluctuate, 不及物动词,名词fluctuation
表示稳定在一个水平上的动词
Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ remain steady/ stay constant at/ maintain the same
level/
表示达到最高的动词
Peak at/ reach the highest point at , peak 也可以做名词
表示达到最低的动词
Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at, bottom 也可以做名词
表示经历了某种变化的及物动词
Experience/ witness/ see
表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组
Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at
表示占…(后面跟百分数或数字)的及物动词或词组
Account for/ represent / constitute / make up
表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组
A is composed of/comprise/ is made up of/ consists of B,C and D.注意和include 区别表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词
Project/ predict / forecast
表示“分别”的副词
Respectively—in the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals
respectively.表示“大约”的副词或者词组
About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just under
时间描述：
1.In + 月份/年/年代
2.For/during + 时间段
– During the first/second half of the year
– During the remainder of the year
From…to…/between…and…
Until…
At the end of the year/century
Before/after/around/about
– In 1980s
– In the period between … and …
– Over the period … to … / over a ten year period/ over the past two decade
Throughout the 19th century
3.4.5.6.4趋势句型
1, XX increased sharply from 1950 to 1970.2, There was a sharp increase in XX from 1950 to 1970.3, The price did not change over the period.4, There was a steep fall in 1994 followed by a gradual improvement in the subsequent years.5, The price rose and fell over the period, but the trend was definitely upwards.6, The price plunged dramatically in 1994, but then it regained its previous level, before soaring to a new peak.7, In spite of the sharp fluctuations in the price, the trend was obviously upwards.8, The price remained static, before experiencing a period of erratic behaviors.9, having remained stable for several years apart from a plunge in 1994, the price leaped to a new peak at the end of 1997.10, The price dipped slightly several times before sinking to a new low at the end of 1997.11, The price remained the same for a brief period and then fluctuated wildly.12, A quite noticeable trend was the steady decrease in transportation by bicycle and on foot.13, This increased again, until 1990, when one in three travelers drove to work.14, In 1986 A provided more than 25% of GDP, but this declined to less than 20% in 1992, recovered in 1993 but fell below 20% in 1995.15, Then around 1995 the price of A doubled and this caused a rapid increase in the amount of land devoted to grain production.16, A dropped steadily between 1985 and 1990 from 5000 to 2000.17, From this time onwards, A climbs dramatically from 3 in 1996 and is projected to reach 7 in the year of 2005.18, The momentum slowed down/began to pick up speed in August.19, The rise lasted for three months and then began to level off in may.20, A sharp increase was replaced by a slight decline in August.21, The last 17 years saw the sharp decline in cinema admissions.22, For the rest of the day, the number dropped gradually, with a slight increase from 2003 to 2005, and around 2008.23, Then from 1992 to 1999, it increased gradually from 10 and peaked at a little less than 160 M, except a sharp rise from 110 million to 113 million in 1995.24, The situation did not change a lot during the next 2 years, except a slight rise(1 million)in 1997.同一数据的倍数
1，The profit doubled from March to May.2，The profit increased three-fold from A to B.3，They made twice the profit in May than in March.4，There was a three-fold increase in the profit from A to B.5，A has increased by one-third.6，A was only one-third of the usual amount.7，A was reduced ten times.8，A went up by 20 percent.9，Its total output value increased by 11.5 percent over the previous year.10, A in the first season rose by 5.2 percent, compared with the same period of last year.11, A was 16 percent higher than in that of 1976.12, The March figure for A registered a 37 percent increase over February.13, A has more than doubled.14, A has been reduced to less than 20%.15, Between 1970 and 1990, A was up eight-fold.16, A was more than 2.5 times greater.17, A last year was 83 times as high as that of 1949.18, A for 1997 was 20 times over that for 1970.19, A is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.20, It has a third as many students as it had in 1997.不同数据比较
1，Class A has twice/ three times as many students as class B.2，There are twice/three times as many students in class A as in class B.3，The number of students of class A is twice/three times as much as that of class B.4，A and B were only the half of those in USA respectively.5，It’s A was 100 times smaller than the USA’s and its B was 10 times greater.6，A is 1/150 that of B.7，It produces power at 1/8 the cost in B.8，China is one-sixth larger than the USA.9，A is not half so/ as good as yours.不同数据比较
1，In A, there are more males than females.2，A greater proportion/number of men than women are found in A.3，The percentage of men who are employed in A is much/slightly larger than that of women
working in the same occupations.4，The second most common car color is red.5，Red is substantially/considerably/far/somewhat/significantly/slightly more common/less
popular than blue.6，White, which is 56%, is considerably more common than blue, which makes up 12.72%.7，It is noticeable that Japan and Korea have similar profiles.8，For each nationality the males doing A outnumber the females, except in the case of the
Germans with 3 females to only 1 male.9，In manual employment, the biggest difference between the two sexes is in the employment of
craft worker, where males make up 21% of the workforce and females just 4.5%.10, This percentage was less than the percentage of females arrested for the same reason, which was approximately 37%.11, 20 years later, though the number of men remained unchanged, the number of women rose to 40.12, A similar situation was seen in A and B.13, These figures were overwhelmingly greater than the corresponding figures of 160 in Peru and 130 in Zaire.14, Japan reported the highest life expectancy, 78.This was followed by Canada, 76;Peru, 51;and Zaire, 47.15, In A, B and C, there is a great discrepancy between life quality.16, We can see that A varies substantially from 2000 to 3000.17, A also differ considerably.18, B are also diverse.最高级
1，USA had the largest number/ percentage/ proportion of students.2，Company A made the lowest sales figures in the five companies.3，Overall, America has the largest number of enrolled students(17)and Germany the smallest
(5).4，A ranked first, followed by B and C.5, The highest level of fossil fuel consumption was recorded in recent years.具体数据描述
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