英文介词

英文介词（通用6篇）

英文介词 篇1

My cousin joined the army at fifteen.我表哥十五岁参的军.② on 表示：在（某日）,在周末,在……节日 He was born on the 15th of August in 1769.他出生于1769年8月15日.③ in 表示：在……事后,在……期间,在……年/月

She went to America in 2000.她2000年去了美国.at, on 和in 作时间介词的比较： ① at 表示具体时间点.② on 后可以跟表日期、星期、节日的词,还可以指具体某一天的早、中、晚.③ in 泛指一天的早、中、晚,还可以表示一段时间,如：周、年、月、季节等.二、before和after ① before 表示：在……之前 x09x09before eight o’ clock 八点之前 Spring comes before summer.夏天之前是春天.② after 表示：表示……之后x09x09after lunch 午饭之后

Come to my office after school.放学后请来我办公室.表示做某事的方法、手段的介词有by, with, in, at, on.一、by by表示：用,以,靠,通过……方式.by表示手段时后接动作或制作方式.“by + 交通工具”表示交通方式.by bike 骑车x09by bus 坐公车x09by taxi 搭出租

by train 坐火车x09by ship 乘船x09by air 坐飞机

Linda usually goes to work by subway.琳达通常做地铁上班.She makes a living by teaching.她考教书谋生.二、with with 表示：用,以.with表示手段时,后接工具、材料或具体内容.write with a pen 用钢笔写 eat with knife and fork 用刀叉吃 see with one’s eyes 用眼睛看 I killed the fly with a swatter.我用苍蝇拍打死那只苍蝇.She cut the cake with a knife.她用刀切开了蛋糕.三、in in 表示：用,以.in表示用某种方式,如：颜色、笔墨、语言、声音、服饰等.speak in English 用英语说 talk in a high voice 高声说话 I wrote a letter in ink.我用钢笔写了一封信.Try to express yourself in English.试着用英语表达一下.表示空间的介词有：at, in, on, over, above, under, below 等表示静态位置的介词和from, to, up, down, through, across 等表示动态方向的介词.一、at, on 和 in ① at 表示：（地点、位置）在…… ② on 表示：（位置）在……上面

③ in 表示：（地点、位置或空间）在……里,在……中,在……上

Her fans have arrived at the airport.她的影迷已经到达了机场.Look at the picture at the top of the page.请看以下这一项上面的图片.Is my pen on the desk or in the desk? 我的钢笔是在桌子上还是在抽屉里呢? Some kids are playing in the yard and others are playing in the room.有些孩子在院子里玩,其他则在房间里玩.at,on 和 in 作空间介词的比较

① at用于表示一个较小的场合,这个地点被当作一个点来看待.② on 表示在某一平面或线上,强调与某物体有接触.③ in 表示在较大的地方,在某立体空间或平面范围之内.二、about 和 around ① over 二者都表示：在……周围/各处,围绕.但

② above about强调无方向.We walked about in the town.我们在城里到处游逛.Dudu is running around the fence.嘟嘟在绕着篱笆跑.Let’s plant trees around the house.让我们在房子周围栽上树.三、over 和 above ① under 表示：在……正上方,越过 ② above 表示：在……上方

I saw a wood bridge over the river.我看见河上有座木桥.Look!Some birds are flying above the clouds.看!一些鸟儿在云朵上飞翔.over和above作空间介词的比较

① over强调在某人或某物的正上方,而且两物体表面没有接触.② above 强调位置上某物体的上方,并不一定是正上方,而且两物体表面也没有接触.四、under 和 below ① under 表示：在……的正下方 ② below 表示：在……下方

Please read the words below the picture.请读图片下面的文字.Look!A big mouse hides under the armchair.看!一只大老鼠躲在扶手椅下面.under 和 below 作空间介词的比较

① under 强调在某物的下方,完全覆盖两物体表面可以接触也可以不接触.② below 强调位置低于某参照物,但并不一定是正下方.五、between 和 among ① between 表示：（位置、时间、数量等）在……之间（两者之间）

② among 表示：在……中间（三者或三者以上之间）

I often fly between Beijing and Shanghai.我经常在北京和上海之间飞来飞去.Come here between eight and nine o’ clock.请把点到九点之间过来.Susan is among the crowd.苏珊是人群当中.六、into 和 out of ① into 表示：进来 ② out of 表示：出去 Get out of the room.从房间里出去!Bob walked into the room.鲍勃走进房间.He is working in the office.她在办公室里工作.七、behind 和 in front of ① behind 表示：在……后面 ② in front of 表示：在……前面

There is a fountain in the front of the park.公园的前面有一个喷泉.Susan sits in front of me and Dudu sits behind me.苏珊坐在我前面,嘟嘟坐在我后面.八、up 和 down ① up 表示：往上,向……顶上 ② down 表示：往下,沿着……往下 The monkey is climbing up the tree.猴子正在往树上爬.Tears ran down her face.眼泪从她的脸上流了下来.九、across 和 through ① across 表示：穿过,跨过 ② through表示：穿过,通过

There is a bridge across the river there.那儿有座桥横跨在河上.A train is running through the tunnel.一列火车正从隧道中穿过.十、by 和 near ① by 表示：在……旁边 ② near 表示：在……附近Come over here and stand by me.过来站在我旁边吧.We are planning to camp by the lake.我们打算到湖边露营.There are some big apple trees near the house.房子附近有一些大苹果树.The new hospital is near our school.新医院里我们学校不远.十一、其他空间介词 ① along 表示：沿着,顺着 ② to 表示：到……,去……,向…… Let’s walk along the street.让我们沿着街散散步.We drove along the freeway.我们驱车沿着高数公路行驶.The child pointed to the polar star.那孩子指着北极星.I’m going to the bakery.我想要去那家糕饼店.*第一个to表示“指”的方向、目标.第二个to表示到达的目的地.除了按上面介绍表示时间关系、空间关系、方式、手段等的介词外,还有一些重要的介词:

一、of 的用法

① of 表示：……的（表示所属、所有关系）a cover of this book 这本书的封皮

a friend of my parents 我父母的一个朋友

② of 表示：……之中的（表示部分）some boys of the team 小组里的几个男生 the end of the story 故事的结尾

Two students of our class joined in the match.我们班里的两个同学参加了这场比赛.All of us approved his plan.我们全都赞成他的计划.③ of 表示：……份/量的,……的种类的（表示量、种类）a drop of water 一滴水

a pair of shoes 一双鞋

I want two cups of coffee.我要两杯咖啡.二、with 的用法

① with 表示：具有,有……的,随身带着 It is a dog with black spots.它是一只长着黑色斑点的狗.Take an umbrella with you.带把雨伞吧!② with表示：和……一起,同……一起,偕同 I went to Disneyland with my mother.我和妈妈一起去了迪斯尼乐园.Jane likes to play with Mimi.简喜欢和咪咪玩耍.③ with 表示：随着…… The wine improves with age.这种酒越陈越香.I get up with the sun every day.我每天日出就起床.三、for 的用法

① for 表示：为了……（表示目的、用途、利益）Give me a knife for cutting bread.给我一把切面包的刀子.I’ve found it for you.我已经为你找到了它.What can I do for you? 我能为你做些什么吗? ② for 表示：一段距离或时间 He has run for a mile.他跑了一英里.I’ve studied in Beijing for three years.我在北京学习三年了.Please bake the cake for 40 minutes.请将蛋糕烤四十分钟.③ for 表示：因为,由于（表示原因）Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助.Andy jumped for joy at the good news.安迪听到这个消息高兴的跳了起来.We could hardly see for the mist.由于大雾,我们几乎看不见了.四、like 的用法

① like表示：像……（一样）,似……（一样）They are like brothers and sisters.他们情同手足.② like 表示：是什么样子,怎样 Andy looks just like his father.安迪和他爸爸像极了.五、from 的用法

① from 表示：（时间或场所）从……,自…… We work from Monday to Friday.我们周一到周五上班.Charlie will fly from New York to London.查理要从纽约飞往伦敦.The cat jumped down from the top of the wall.猫从墙头跳了下来.② from 表示（两地的距离）离

The nearest hospital is 10 miles from my house.最近的医院离我家十英里远.We live about 5 kilometers from Boston.我们住在离波士顿约五公里的地方.③ from 表示：出自……,来自…… Did you have a(phone)call from him? 你接到他的电话了吗? Where are you from? 你来自哪里? Susan got a letter from her aunt.苏珊收到一封她姨妈的来信.六、at, about, to 和 in 的其他用法 ① at 表示：对着……, 朝着……,向……（表示方向,目标）

英文介词 篇2

1 英文介词的分类

英文介词根据介词短语所表示的语法意义, 主要分为以下几类:

(1) 表示空间:in, into, onto, away, from, over, above等。

(2) 表示时间: in, at, on, about, within, before, after等。

(3) 表示方法、目的:in, with, at, by, on, through, with the help of等。

(4) 表示原因:in, because of, through, of, due to, thanks to等。

(5) 表示条件、让步、比较:in face of, than, to, under, in spite of, except for, but等。

从以上的分类中, 我们不难看出, 有不少英文介词身兼数职, 用法复杂, 不易掌握。像介词in出现在类 (1) 至类 (4) , 既能表示空间, 时间, 又表示原因、方式、目的、让步、条件、比较。例如:

(1) Tell the bus driver there is a bum in the restroom.

(2) I recognized you in a minute and I told the conductor so.

(3) In this way your optimism reinforce your determination.

(4) We rejoiced in his good health.

(5) In spite of his tardiness, the boy did well at school.

2 介词短语的功能

英文介词短语在句子中的功能有:

(1) 状语 Because of his mistake several people died.

(2) 定语 I even thought that this woman was someone from the head office.

(3) 表语 That book will be of great value to you in your study.

(4) 补语 Mr. Wang was found in the laboratory.

英文介词短语作定语时, 必须放在修饰的词语之后, 如: Michael Jordan set a goal to become a starter on the varsity? 此外, 英文介词有时会由于某些特定情况与后面的介词宾语分开, 例如:Do you remember the name of the movie which the teacher referred to?

3 英文介词的兼类现象

英文介词存在着兼类现象, 有些可以兼作副词或连词, 有些既可以兼作副词又可以兼作连词。例如:

(1) in I called my parents yesterday but they were not in. (副词)

Enthusiasm entails having a strong interest in the task at hand. (介词)

(2) before I've never read the book before. (连词)

The train had started before I got to the station. (连词)

He is standing before the door. (介词)

(3) since I've been home only since I came to the army farm. (连词)

He went to Shanghai in 1958. He has never visited Beijing since then. (介词)

4 英文介词的汉译

英文的学习者必须格外注意英文介词的选用以及英文介词和英文介词短语的汉译。英文介词汉译时, 切忌一味介词对应介词的译法, 而应根据上下文以及该介词在句中的作用来确定该介词的意义, 酌情对介词进行必要的转换, 或同样译成介词, 或译成动词、副词、连词、或不译。例如:

(1) 译成介词 With Professor Wang's help, the young man had made rapid progress in his studies.

(通过王教授的帮助, 这位年青人的研究工作进展很快。)

Animals are the most victimized living creatures on earth.

(动物是地球上受害最深的生物。)

(2) 译成动词 “About what?” one of my brothers asked as if honesty were merely about telling the truth.

(“在哪方面呢?”我的一个兄弟问道, 似乎诚实仅仅表现在说实话。)

The man with red beard is talking to Bill's father.

(那个长着红胡子的人正在跟亨利父亲说话。)

(3) 译成副词 The total number of species in imminent danger is around 20, 000.

(濒临灭绝危机的物种总数在2万种左右。)

The boy's honesty is beyond suspicious.

(那男孩的忠诚不容怀疑。)

(4) 译成连词 Despite all these hardships, we kept up wonderfully.

(虽然有着种种困难, 但我们百折不挠。)

Independent of how others felt, she felt sure she was right.

(不管旁人怎么样感觉, 她自信是对的。)

(5) 不译 Animals don't plan to live some day in the future.

(动物不会计划未来的生活。)

The jury acquitted him of any guilt in the matter.

(法院判他无罪。)

5 中文介词的英译

同理, 当我们要把汉语句子翻译成英语时, 也必须根据上下文以及该介词在句中的作用来确定该介词的意义, 酌情对介词进行必要的转换, 或同样译成介词, 或译成动词、副词、连词、或不译。例如:

(1) 译成介词 我从口袋里抓出一大把铜元。

I pulled a handful of copper from my pocket.

这台设备比那台设备好得多。

This equipment is far superior to that one.

(2) 译成动词 她听了我说的话, 感到惊愕。

She was amazed by what I told her.

这女人顶着门, 慌作一团。

His wife was crouching with fear behind the door.

(3) 译成副词 那位穿白衣的姑娘默默地走过来接她的朋友。

The girl in white came over in silence to meet her friend.

她满意地走了。

She went away with satisfactory.

(4) 译成连词 房间里一片黑暗, 只有门隙里射进一道亮光。

The room was dark except that the light came in through a crack in the door.

当她听到儿子被害的消息时, 她心都碎了。

Her heart was broken when she heard the news that her son was killed.

(5) 不译 那位被叫作玛丽的女孩是心理学家。

The girl called Mary is a psychologist.

你把收音机拿去修。

Have your radio repaired.

6 固定搭配的英文介词以及英文介词短语

分析英文介词以及英文介词短语, 不可能不提到固定搭配的英文介词、复合介词以及介词短语。例如:on behalf of ( 代表 ) ; have no use for ( 用不着慌) ; with… in mind ( 考虑到 ) ; step by step ( 逐步地 ) 。但我们只需记住它们的意思和用法, 而不必对这种语言现象进行分析探究。它们是在英文这门语言的发展演变过程中约定俗成的, 无规律可言。

以上是笔者对英文介词及其特点、功能以及汉译的一些粗浅分析, 旨在帮助英文学习者更好地掌握使用频率高、搭配和含义比较复杂的英文介词, 尤其是在汉译它们时, 学会比较中文介词与英文介词之间的异同, 斟词酌句, 准确翻译。

参考文献

[1]张方杰.牛津现代高级英汉双解辞典[Z].香港:牛津大学出版社, 1985.

[2]L.G.亚历山大.朗文英语语法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1991.

英文介词 篇3

1. 时间

1)at表示在某一时间点: at 3 o’clock

2)in表示在某一时间段内的某一或某些点： in

in表示在某段时间的结束点：I’ll see you again in a week.

3) during表示某一时间段内自始至终：during the first period

4) on表示在某一day/date或其中的某一段：on Monday, on Sunday morning

5) by表示不迟于某个时间：by now

2. 地点

1)at表示在某处(而非它处)：at school

2) in表示在内部或某个范围内：in the office

3) on表示在上面与某平面接触：on the table

4) outside表示在某个范围之外：outside world

5) under表示在比某个位置低的地方或在某表面之下：under a chair

6) by表示靠近或接近：by the window

3. 原因

1)because of表示因为或以…为理由：because of my father

2) for表示动作或活动的目的、目标或意图：for sale

3) out of表示起源、来源或原因：out of duty

4. 方式

1)with表示以…方式：with skill

2)in表示以某种方式： in French, in cash， in this way

5. 方法

1) by表示方法、手段: by the back road, by bus, by working hard

2) on表示运送方式：on a train, on foot

3) in表示途径或材料：in oils

高中英语语法中常用介词的区别

1、at、in、on：如： 常用词组有： at noon, at night

表示时间的 at, in, on：

at 表示片刻的时间，at 8 o’clock，at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。

in 表示一段的时间

如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in , in summer, in the past, in the future 等。

on 总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。

2、表示时间的 since 和 from：since 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用;

from 表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。

如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.

3、表示时间的 in 和 after：两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后，区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后” ，而 after 则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后)，in 短语和将来时态连用，after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。

如：We’ll be back in three days.

After seven the rain began to fall.

What shall we do after graduation?

After two months he returned.

注意：after 有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)

4、表示地理位置的 in, on, to：in 表示在某范围内，on 指与什么毗邻，to 指在某环境范围之外

如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is tothe east of China.

5、表示“在……上”的 on 和 in：on 只表示在某物的表面上，而用 in 表示占去某物一部分，表示……上

如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.

6、表示“穿过……”的 through 和 across：through 表示从内部通过，与 in 有关;

across 表示“穿过……”，表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与 on 有关。

如：Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.

7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corn 表示在落，in 指角的内面;

on the corner 表示“在角上” ，on 指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意;

at the corner指“在拐角处” 指的是拐角外附近的外面。

如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met at with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.

8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end 作“最后”“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词 of;

at the end of 表示“在……末梢”“到……尽头” ，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;

by the end of 作“在……结束时”“到……末为止”解，只能指时间，不可单独使用。

如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.

9、表示“关于”的 about 和 on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者表示“关于” ，为较正式的 “论述”

如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.

10、between, among：一般说来，between 表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。

如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.

注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。

如：Agreements were made between the different countries.

在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用 between。

如：The little valley lies between high mountains.

在谈事物 间的差别时，总是用 between。

如：They don’t know the difference between wheat, coats and barley.

11、besides, except, but, except for：besides 指除了……还有

如：All went out besides me

except 指“除了，减去什么” ，不能放在句首。

如：All went out except me.

but 与 except 意思近似，表示“除了……外”经常用在 no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything 等和其他疑 问词后面。

如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.;

except for 表示“如无……就， 只是”表明理由细节。

如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.

12、表示“用”的 in 和 with：表示工具的“用” 、表示“ ，用 with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的 “用” 用 in。

如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil/We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.

13、charge of 和 in the charge of：in 两者都表示 “由谁负责、照顾、管理” 区别在于： charge of 后接被照管的人或物， in the charge of 后面则跟照管的人。

如：Who is in charge of the project

The project is in the charge of an engineer

14、as, like：as 作“作为”“以……地位或身份”解。

如：Let me speak to you as a father.(事实是父亲)

like 作“象……一样”解

如：Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲)

15、in front of 和 in the front of：in front of = before，是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物内)

in the front of 则是“在……前部”的意思(在某物内)

如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.

16、in, into：into 表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。

如：We walked into the park.;in 通常表示位置。

We walked in the park;in 和 drop, fall, put, throw, break 等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。

介词用法总结 篇4

一：表示相对，针对

be strange(common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable)to Air is indispensable to life.Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.This injection will make you immune to infection 二：表示对比，比较

1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior The quarrel happened prior to my arrival.2:一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous A is similar to B in many ways.3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.4:to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如: World is usually compared to a stage

Compared with his past,he has changed a lot.Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介词to就要改成rather than ,如: The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.Many people prefer spending money to earning money.They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.5:to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative

Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.三:表示修饰关系

1:表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question，solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter 2:表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path the approach to a bridge引桥

the approach to science

Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.The access to education 接受教育的机会

The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利

4:表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the National People’s Congress advisor to the Prime Minister

5:表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission

The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.Everyone has an equal right to ……..6:表示栅栏或障碍的词汇, ,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress 7:表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage.8:表示恭喜或是祝贺,如:

The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business

9:另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation to party，guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school

四:to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste

五:表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to

He’s liable to seasickness.You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.六:表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to He still holds on to his original views.七:表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to He’s confined to the house by illness.He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.八:表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get(be)to,used to,be accustomed to Finally,the students got used to my teaching method.十:表示起因和原由,如wing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog.The famous artist attributed his success to his wife.十一:表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to I aim to be an excellent college teacher.His conceit lead to his failure.These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises 十二:表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to，All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.十三:表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to

In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money.The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons.十四:表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to He is determined to devote all his life to his.十五:表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to The church dates back to the 13th century.十六:表示方位概念.如:close to,next to I don’t like wool next to my skin.十七:表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to, He usually appeals to arms t o settle the territory dispute.十八:表示有关注,关于:as to,with regard to

十九:表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to，We should attach primary importance to job training.二十:表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to According to today’s newspaper,the match will be postponed.The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to their economic importance.二十一:表示应该或必须含义的句式,如: It’s time to get up.We are supposed to get here at seven.It’s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons.二十二：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to

Investigate all the facts related to the problem.People often linked walth to happiness.二十三：表示反对和赞同。

1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to

These buildings are resistant to earthquake.They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.2:to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to，The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to,adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to

She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.Your action should conform to the interests of the people.They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers.His words doesn’t fit to his actions.Suit your writing style to the masses.3:表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to.The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数

Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake.He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet.We’re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat.常用词组

定语从句：介词语法 篇5

The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.

The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.

如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的: Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.

Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.

All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.

在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.

My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.

All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.

2. 定语从句的引导词

1) that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who,有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that,但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.

Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for.

He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.

The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.

There are some people here who I want you to meet.

但在介词后只能用whom:

This is the man to whom I referred.

但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.

Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?

Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about

The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.

The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.

2) 限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时):

Have you everything you need?

(Is there) anything I can do for you?

All you have to do is to press the button.

在介词后只能用which, 在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去, 这时可以用that, 但省略的时候更多一些:

The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.

The tool (that) he is working with is called a wrench.

This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.

This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about.

定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的, 但间或也可以修饰整个句子a), 或是句子的`一部分b), 引导词用which:

a) They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.

The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted

b) When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

3) whose: 在表示“...的”这个概念时, 可用所有格 whose; whose 用于指物, 有时可与of which交替使用, 通常的词序是 名词词组 + of which:

Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast?

We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear. (…the purpose of which was…) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (…whose name I’ve…)

of which前的名词词组也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基数词担任; 这些词也能用在of whom之前.

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.

4) 关系副词 when, where, why: 它们的含义相当于 at which, in which, for which, 因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.

The day when he was born…

on which he was born…

which he was born on…

The office where he works…

at which he works…

which he works at…

有时可用that替代关系副词, 在口语中that可省略.

Every time (that) the telephone rings, he gets nervous.

This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.

Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?

This is the place (where) we met yesterday.

That is the reason (why) he did it.

在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口语中that也可省略.

This is the way (that/in which) he did it.

That’s the way I look at it.

3. 如果定语从句中谓语为there is, 作主语的关系代词也常可省掉:

I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.

This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanjing.

4. 定语从句的简化:定语从句与不定式结构, -ing分词结构, -ed分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系.

He was the only one to realize the danger (= who realized the danger).

The woman driving the car (= who was driving the car) indicated that she was going to turn left. The man injured by the bullet (= who was injured by the bullet) was taken to hospital.

介词不同差异大(上) 篇6

1.be strict with, be strict in

(1) be strict with意为“对某人要求严格”, 介词with之后必须接“人”。如:

As a student, I must be strict with myself.

作为一名学生, 我必须严格要求自己。

(2) be strict in意为“对某事要求严格”, 介词in之后须跟“物”。如:

We must be strict in our work.

2.lie in, lie to, lie on

(1) lie in+方位, 指某地方的位置在介词in后宾语所指的范围之内, 前者与后者有所属关系。如:

Beijing lies in the north of China.

北京位于中国的北部。

(2) lie to+方位, 指某地的位置在介词to后宾语所指的范围之外, 两者无所属关系。如:

Japan lies to the east of China.

日本位于中国的东部。

(3) lie on+方位, 表示某地的位置与介词on后的宾语所指的位置相邻, 两者无所属关系。如:

Shandong lies on the east of Shanxi.

山东位于山西的东部。

3.look for, look at, look up, look out, look over

(1) look for意为“寻找”。如:

He is looking for his pen.

他正在找他的钢笔。

(2) look at意为“看”。如:

Please look at the blackboard.

请看黑板。

(3) look up意为“查找”。如:

You should look up the new word in your dictionary.

你应该在你的字典里查一查这个生单词。

(4) look out意为“注意、小心”如:

Look out!Here comes the bus.

注意!车过来了。

(5) look over意为“查体、检查”。如:

The doctor is looking over the little boy now.

现在, 医生正在给小男孩查体。

4.be careful with, be careful of

(1) be careful with意为“在……方面认真、在……方面细心”。如:

You must be careful with your homework.

你必须认真做家庭作业。

(2) be careful of意为“当心、注意”, 相当于pay attention to。如:

He warned us to be careful of snakes.

他警告我们要当心蛇。

5.by the end of, at the end of, in the end of

(1) by the end of意为“到……末为止”, 其后接表示时间的名词时, 如果时间名词是表示过去的时间, 谓语动词要用过去完成时。如:

By the end of this week, We had learned three English songs.

到这个周末, 我们已经学了三首英语歌了。

(2) at the end of意为“在……尽头、在……结束的时候”, 后可接地点, 也可接时间, 如果后接表示过去的时间, 句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时态;如果接地点, 句中谓语动词常用将来时态。如:

I went to see my friend at the end of last week.

我上周末去看望了我的朋友。

You will find the hospital at the end of the road.

在路的尽头你将会找到医院。

(3) in the end意为“最后”, 相当于finally, at last。如:

They have won the football match in the end.

最后他们获得了足球比赛的胜利。

6.be made of, be made from, be made in

(1) be made of意为“由……制成”, 强调能从产品上看出原料来。如:

The desk is made of wood.

桌子是用木头造的。

(2) be made from意为“由……制造”, 强调从产品上看不出原料来。如:

Paper is made from grass.

纸是用草做的。

(3) be made in意为“在……地方制造”。如

My pen is made in Weifang.

我的钢笔是潍坊造的。

7.on one, s way, in one’s way, by the way

(1) on one’s way意为“在……途中”。如:

On my way home I met my friend yesterday.

昨天我在回家的路上遇见了我的朋友。

(2) in one’s way意为“挡道”。如:

A truck was in our way yesterday.

昨天一辆卡车挡住了我们的路。

(3) by the way意为“顺便说一下”。如:

?

顺便问一下, 你知道潍坊在哪里吗?

8.by oneself, for oneself, to oneself

(1) by oneself意为“独自地、无助地”, 强调某人单独做某事, 而不需要别人帮助。如:

You must do your work by yourself.

你必须独自做你的工作。

(2) for oneself意为“为自己的利益而做某事”。如:

They have built a house for themselves.

他们为自己的利益建造了一幢房子。

(3) to oneself意为“暗自、在心中”, 常与talk, say, think等动词连用。如:

He said to himself that there was something wrong.

他想这其中有毛病。

注意:say to oneself意为“在心里想”;talk/speak to oneself意为“自言自语”。

9.be pleased with, be pleased at

(1) be pleased with意为“对……感到满意”, 相当于be satisfied with。如:

Our teacher said he was pleased with our work.

我们的老师说, 他对我们的工作很满意。

(2) be pleased at意为“因……而高兴”。如:

I am pleased at hearing what you said.

听到你说的话我很高兴。

10.give in, give up

(1) give in意为“让步、屈服”, 用作不及物动词, 其后不能跟宾语。如:

In the end the teacher had to give in.

最后这位老师不得不屈服。

(2) give up意为“放弃、投降”, 可用作及物动词, 也可用作不及物动词, 后接动词时一般要用动名词。如:

He didn’t pass the exam, but he didn’t give up.

尽管他考试没有及格, 但是他没有放弃。

英语中不同的介词与同一名词搭配会产生不同的动作意义。美国总统林肯著名的葛底斯堡演说 (Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address) 中有短语a government of the people, by the people and for the people, 当时的中学课本译为“民有、民治、民享的政府”。钱歌川教授译为“自全体人民组织、为全体人民服务、代表全体人民的政府”。许孟雄教授则译为“由人民组成的、选举的、代表人民的政府”。由此可见, 介词的动词化功能是十分明显的。

再请同学们看下面这段文字:

Carlisle Street runs westward, acrossa great black bridge, downa hill andupagain, bylittle shops and meatmarkets, pastsingle-storied homes, until suddenly it stopsagainsta wide green lawn.

该段的译文为:卡列斯尔大街向西延伸, 越过一座黑色大桥, 爬下山岗又爬了上去, 经过许多小铺和肉市, 又经过一些平房, 然而, 突然冲着一大片绿色草坪中止了。

这段文章中六个不同介词的精确使用, 使整个句子准确、流畅、简练, 极富动感。常见介词动词化的例句还有:

They areatlunch. 他们在吃午饭。

What are youabout?你在干啥?

Who are theyafter?他们在找谁?

He put the ideabehindhim.他对这个意见不予考虑。

We areforthe plan.我们赞成这个计划。

You arethrough.你的 (电话) 接通了。

She isout ofdanger.她脱离了危险。

I saw herinred.我见她穿着红衣服。