华东交通大学期末试卷（精选6篇）
二、毛泽东思想的科学体系、主要内容、历史地位
科学体系：毛泽东思想在许多方面以其独创性理论丰富和发展了马克思列宁主义，成为一个博大精深的科学思想体系。它有着坚实的中国化马克思主义哲学思想的理论基础，其核心就是实事求是。它紧紧围绕着中国革命和建设这个主题，提出了一系列相互密切关联的重要的理论观点，成为一个科学体系。这个体系中的理论观点经过了中国革命和建设长期实践的检验，证明它是颠扑不破的科学真理。
内容：1新民主主义革命理论2社会主义革命和社会主义建设理论3革命军队建设和军事战略的理论4政策和策略的理论5思想政治工作和文化工作的理论6党的建设理论 7关于国际战略和外交工作思想方法和工作方法的理论 三个基本方面：实事求是、群众路线、独立自主
历史地位：1马克思主义中国化第一次历史性飞跃的理论成果2中国革命和建设的科学指南3中国共产党和中国人民宝贵的精神财富
三、科学发展观。
指导意义：1科学发展观是同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想既一脉相承又与时俱进的科学理论 2是马克思注意关于发展的世界观和方法论的集中体现 3是我国经济社会的重要指导方针和发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重要战略思想。形成：1立足于我国的基本国情2 深入分析我国发展的阶段性特征3是对当代世界的发展实践和发展理念的重要借鉴。重要内容：第一要义是发展，核心是以人为本，基本要求是全面协调可持续，根本方法是统筹兼顾。
四、实事求是的基本内容：一切从实际出发，理论联系实际，实事求是，在实践中检验真理和发展真
理
五、解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进
1实事求是是马克思主义中国化的理论成果的精髓2解放思想是发展中国特色社会主义的一大法宝3坚持实事求是的思想路线就要大力弘扬与时俱进，不断推进理论创新，坚定不移地走自己的路。
（1）解放思想是实事求是的内在要求和前提，只有解放思想，才能正确认识和把握事物的发展规律，并用规律指导我们的行动（2）事实求是是解放思想的目的和归宿，也是解放思想的客观基础，解放思想的目的是研究新情况，解决新问题，这需要从实际出发，理论联系实际（3）解放思想和实事求是二者统一于与时俱进，任何政党、组织如果不能与时俱进，思想就会僵化，就不能在事物的发展变化中认识事物、把握事物。
六、新民主主义革命的总路线：无产阶级领导的、人民大众的，反对帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义的革命。
基本纲领 1政治纲领：推翻帝国主义和封建主义的统治，建立一个无产阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的、各革命阶级联合专政的新民主主义共和国2经济纲领：没收封建地主的土地归农民所以，没收官僚阶级的垄断资本归新民主主义国家所有，保护民主工商业3文化纲领：无产阶级领导的人民大众的反帝反封建的文化，即民主的科学的大众的文化。三大法宝：1统一战线。统一战线是无产阶级政党策略思想的重要内容，包含两个联盟，工农联盟与民主资产阶级的联盟2武装斗争。是中国革
命的有点和特点之一，进入武装斗争必须建立中国共产党领导的人民军队，强调武装斗争并不意味这放弃其他的形式斗争3 党的建设。不断加强党的思想建设、组织建设和思想建设。
七、党在过渡时期的总路线：“一化三改”。“一化”即社会主义工业化；“三改”即对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业的社会主义改造。它们之间相互联系，不可分离，可以比喻为鸟的“主体”和“两翼”。“一化”是“主体”，“三改”是“两翼”，两者相互促进，相辅相成。
八、农业、手工业的社会主义改造（经验教训）1积极引导农民组织起来，走互相合作的道路2遵循自愿互利、典型示范和国家帮助的原则3 正确分析农民的阶级和阶层状况，制定正确的阶级政策4坚持积极领导、稳步前进的方针。资本主义工商业的社会主义改造（经验教训）1用和平赎买的方法改造资本主义工商业2采取从低级到高级的国家资本主义的过渡形式3把资本主义工商者改造成为自食其力的社会主义劳动者。社会主义改造的历史经验1坚持社会主义工业化建设与社会主义改造同时并举 2采取积极引导、逐步过渡的方式3用和平方法进行改造。
九、社会主义的本质：解放生产力、发展生产力，消灭剥削，消除两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。社会主义基本矛盾：生产关系和生产力之间的矛盾，上层建筑和经济基础之间的矛盾。主要矛盾：人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾。
社会主义的根本任务：
1发展才是硬道理
（1）把发展作为社会主义建设的根本任务，符合马克思主义基本原理，是巩固和发展社会主义
制度的必然要求（2）是对社会主义实践经验教训的深刻总结。（3）是适应时代主题变化的需要。
2把发展作为党执政兴国的第一要务
（1）是由中国共产党执政地位所决定的，是对执政规律认识的深化，也是党实现其所承担的历
史责任的需要（2）只有把发展作为主体，才能从根本上把握人民的愿望，巩固和发展人民群众基础，推进中国特色社会主义事业。（3）坚持以发展解决前进过程中的问题，是实行改革开放，以来我党的一条主要经验。
3代表中国先进生产力的发展要求
（1）必须毫不动摇地坚持改革，不断完善社会主义的生产关系和上层建筑，为生产力的发展和
解放开辟更广阔的途径（2）充分发挥全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性，积极营造尊重人才，鼓励创业的社会环境（3）大力推进科技创新，努力实现生产的跨越性发展
4科学技术是第一生产力
科学技术是第一生产力，而且是先进生产力的集中体现和主要标志。科学技术实力和国民教育水平，始终是衡量综合国力和社会文明程度的重要标志。
十、社会主义初级阶段的科学含义：我国社会已经是社会主义初级社会，我们必须坚持而不能离开社会主义2我国的社会主义还处在初级阶段3我国的社会主义初级阶段具有长期性。主要特征：1摆脱不发达，基本实现现代化的阶段。2农业人口逐渐减少，工业人口逐渐增多（3）由自然经济半自然经济占很大比重逐步转为经济市场化程度较高的历史阶段4由文盲半文盲人口比重很大到教育科技逐步走向发达的阶段5贫困人口减少，全体人民逐步走向富裕6由地区经济文化发展很不平衡，通过有先有后地发展，逐步缩小差距的历史阶段7改革、探索、建设、完善各方面的体制8努力建设精神文明的阶段9逐步缩小同世界先进水平的差距，实现中华民族的伟大复兴。
十一、社会主义初级阶段基本路线的主要内容：领导和团结各族人民，以经济建设为中心，坚持改革开放，坚持四项基本原则，自力更生，艰苦创业，为把我国建设成为富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家而奋斗
十二、社会主义初级阶段的发展战略（1）“三步走”的发展战略：第一步，从1981到1990 年实现国民生产总值翻一番，解决人民的温饱问题； 第二步，从1991到20世纪末，使国民生产总值再翻一番，人民生活达到小康水平； 第三步，到21世纪中叶，人均国民生产总值达到国家中等发达国家水平，人民生活比较富裕，基本实现 现代化。（2）全面建设小康社会 1增强发展的协调性，努力实现经济又好又快发展2扩大社会主义民主，更好地保障人民权益和社会公平正义3加强文化建设，明显提高全民族文明素质4加快发展社会事业，全面改善人民生活5建设生态文明，基本形成节约能源资源和保护生态环境的产业结构、增长方式、消费模式
十三、社会主义社会的基本矛盾是生产关系和生产力之间的矛盾，上层建筑和经济基础之间的矛盾。邓小平为社会主义改革提供的理论基础：1判断一种生产关系和生产力是否相适应，要从实际从发，具体问题具体分析，主要是看它是否适应当时当地生产力的要求，能否推动生产力发展2提出在社会主义社会依然有解放生产力的问题3把社会主义社会基本矛盾、主要矛盾和根本任务统一起来4提出了解决社会主义初级阶段主要矛盾的途径是改革。
十四、“三个有利于”标准：是否有利于发展社会主义生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。
十五、改革是动力，发展是目的，稳定是前提。只有坚定不移的推进发展，才能不断增强综合国力和国际竞争力，更好地解决前进中的矛盾，只有坚定不移的推进改革，才能为经济和社会发展提供强大的动力，只有坚定不移的维护稳定，才能不断的为改革发展创造有利条件。实践证明，改革，发展，稳定三者关系处理得当，就能总揽全局，保证经济社会的顺利发展，处理不当，就会吃苦头，付出代价。正确处理改革、发展、稳定三者的关系：1保持改革、发展、稳定在动态中的相互协调和相互促进。2把改革的力度，发展的速度和社会可以承受的程度统一起来3把不断改善人们生活作为处理改革、发展、稳定关系的重要结合点。
十六、中国社会主义市场经济体制的选择过程、基本框架、基本特征
选择过程：1我国在社会主义改造完成后，逐步建立起高度集中的计划经济体制2这种计划经济体制在当时发挥了重要的积极作用，但在运行过程中暴露了不少问题3针对这些问题，毛泽东等中央领导对如何建立符合中国经济体制进行了积极探索4改革开放后，建立社会主义市场经济体制最终成为我国经济体制改革选择模式基本框架：建立现代企业制度，培育和发展市场体系；建立宏观调控体系；建立合理的个人收入分配和社会保障制度基本特征：1在所有制结构上，以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展2在分配制度上，以按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存3在宏观调控上，以实现最广的人民的利益为出发点和归宿点。
十七、确立公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度的基本依据是：公有制是社会主义经济制度的基础，是社会主义生产关系区别于资本主义的本质特征，是劳动人民当家作主的经济基础，是社会化大生产的客观要求；我国还处于社会主义初级阶段，生产力还不发达，生产社会化程度还不高，发展还不平衡，需要在公有制为主体的条件下发展多种所有制经济，以适应生产力的要求；一切符合“三个有利于”标准的所有制形式，都可以而且应该用来发展社会主义服务。公有制的主体地位体现在1公有资产在社会总资产中占优势2国有经济控制国民经济命脉，对经济发展起主导作用。
坚持按劳分配的主体地位的必然性：1社会主义初级阶段的公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，决定了收入分配领域必然实行按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度2社会主义公有制和社会生产力的发展水平决定的3劳动还是谋生的手段，这决定了社会还不具备实行按需分配的条件。按生产要素有多种不同的分配形式 1以劳动作为生产要素参与分配2劳动以外的生产要素所有者参与分配3管理和知识产权类的生产要素参与分配。
分配理论的发展过程：党十四大以来，提出兼顾效率和公平与效率优先、兼顾公平的原则。党的十六大提出坚持效率优先、兼顾公平方面既要提倡奉献精神，又要分配落实政策，既要反对平均主义，又要防止收入悬殊。十六届四中全会强调注重社会公平，合理调整国民收入分配格局，逐步实现全体人民共同富裕。十六届五中全会以科学发展观为指导，提出要在经济发展的基础上，更加注重社会公平，合理调整国民收入分配格局，加大调节收入分配的力度。十七大提出了初次分配和再分配都要处理好效率和公平关系，再分配更加注重公平。
十八、提高自主创新能力，建设创新性国家
原因：1是国家发展战略的核心，是提高综合国力的关键2提高自主创新能力是确保到2020年实现全面建成小康社会奋斗目标的需要，是应对世界科技革命和提高我国竞争力的需要
方法：1实施正确的指导方针，努力走中国特色自主创新道路2坚持把提高自主创新能力摆在突出位置，大幅度提高国家竞争能力3深化体制改革，加快国家创新体系建设4创造良好环境，培养造就富有创新精神的人才队伍5发展创新文化，努力培育全社会的创新精神
十九、中国特色新型工业化道路的含义：坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，就是要坚持以信息化带动工业化，以工业化促进信息化，走出一条科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源得到充分发挥的新型工业化路子。
转变经济发展方式，坚持走中国新型工业化道路:两个坚持1坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路2坚持扩大国内需求特别是消费需求的方针三个转变 1促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变2由主要依靠第二产业带动向依靠第一、第二、第三产业协同带动转变3由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变
20、“三农问题”：农业基础仍然薄弱，农场发展仍然滞后，农民增收困难。
社会主义新农村建设的总目标：“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”。生产发展——是新农村建设的中心环节，是实现其它目标的物质基础
生活宽裕——是新农村建设的目的，是衡量我们工作的基本尺度
乡风文明——是农民素质的反映，体现农村精神文明建设的要求
村容整洁——是展现农村新貌的窗口，是实现人与环境和谐发展的必然要求
管理民主——是新农村建设的政治保证，显示了对农民群众政治权利的尊重和维护
21、人民民主专政是我国的国体。
人民民主专政的个性：1从政权组成的阶级结构来看，在过渡时期，参加国家政权的不仅有工人、农民、城市小资产阶级，在一定历史时期还有民族资产阶级2从党派之间的关系来看，实现共产党的领导的多党合作与政治协商3从概念表述上看，人民民主专政的提法更全面、更明确的表示人民民主和人民专政这个相互联系的方面。
我国现阶段人民民主专政与无产阶级专政的共性：1性质相同，都是以工人阶级为领导，以工农联盟为基础的国家政权，都是绝大多数人享有民主权利而对极少数敌人实行专政的新型民主2作用职能相同，都承担着巩固和发展社会主义制度，扩大人民民主，镇压敌对势力反抗，保卫和巩固革命成果，领导和组织全面的社会主义建设的职能3历史使命相同，都大力发展生产力，完善和发展社会主义的生产关系和上层建筑，逐步消灭一切阶级差别和社会不平等，为未来过渡到共产主义创造条件。
人民代表大会制度是中国人民当家作主的根本制度，是我国的政体。
人民代表大会制度是中国人民当家作主的根本途径和最高实现形式，也是党在国家政权中充分发扬民
主、贯彻群众路线的最好实现形式。一方面，人民代表大会制度为中国人民当家作主提供了最好的组织形式。另一方面，人民代表大会制度为国家机关高效运转提供了有力的制度保障。
人民代表大会制度的必然：1是适应中国历史传统与现实国情的民主制度，有利于保障我国统一和稳定，符合我国多民族、单一制的国情2是中国共产党把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实践相结合的伟大创造，是近代以来中国社会发展的必然选择，是中国共产党带领全国人民长期奋斗的重要成果，反映了全国各族人民的共同利益和共同愿望。3是契合社会主义法治理念的民主制度。
人民代表大会制度的优越性：1有利于保证国家权力体现人民的意志（主要体现在人民有权选择代表来反映自己的意愿，而且代表有监督权、罢免权，而代表有义务与人民群众保持密切联系）2有利于保证中央与地方国家权力的统一（由中央决定，需要在全国作出统一决定的重大问题，由地方根据中央的方针因地制宜处理地方性事物）3有利于我国各民族的平等和团结（体现在：1各级人民代表大会中，都有适当的少数民族的代表名额2在少数民族聚居区实行民族自治）
我国人民代表大会和资本主义国家的不同点：
1我国人民代表大会与西方议会有着本质区别。在我国，全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会由民主选举产生2我国人民代表大会和“一府两院”的关系与西方国家机关间的关系有着本质区别3人民代表大会代表与西方议员有着本质区别
意义：人民代表大会是符合中国国情、体现中国社会主义国家性质、能够保证中国人民当家作主的根本政治制度和最高实现形式，也是党在国家政权中充分发杨民主、贯彻群路线的最好形式，是中国社会主义政治文明的重要制度载体。
中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度，是我国的一项基本政治制度，是马克思主义政党理论和统一战线学说与我国具体实际相结合的产物，是中国社会主义民主政治制度的重要组成部分。
特征：1中国共产党是执政党，民主党派是参政党，不是在野党，更不是反对党。2中国共产党和各民主党派有着共同的根本利益和目标，都以四项基本原则为共同准则，以实现不同时期的总任务为共同纲领，以建设中国特色社会主义为共同理想。3各民主党派都参加国家政权、参与国家事务的管理，参与国家大政方针和国家领导人选的协商，参与国家方针、政策、法律、法规的制度执行4都以宪法为根本活动准则，都受到宪法的保护,享有宪法规定范围内的政治自由，组织独立和法律上的平等地位。
我国已经建立了以农村村民委员会、城市居民委员会和企业职工代表大会为主要内容的基层民主自治体系。
22、社会主义法治建设的基本要求：有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究。有法可依是前提，有法必依是核心，执法必严是关键，违法必究是保障。有法可依，就是建立统一完备科学的法律体系和制度；有法必依，保证法律效力的普遍性和有效性，坚持法律面前人人平等；执法必严，就是确保严格公正的执法和司法；违法必究，就是对一切违法犯罪行为都要按照“以事实为依据，以法律为准绳”的原则，给予惩处。、我国政治体制改革的主要任务：(1)“依法治国”,加强法制建设(2)健全民主制度,扩大基层民主选举(3)发挥舆论监督的作用,完善民主监督制度。、中国特色社会主义文化建设的根本任务：以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，全面贯彻科学发展观，着力培养有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的公民，切实提高全民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质。、社会主义核心价值体系包括四个方面的基本内容，即马克思主义指导思想、中国特色社会主义共同理想、以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神、以“八荣八耻”为主要内容的社会主义荣辱观。
马克思主义指导思想是社会主义核心价值体系的灵魂，解决的是举什么旗的问题；中国特色社会主义共同理想作为社会主义核心价值体系的主体，解决的是走什么路、实现什么目标的问题；民族精神和以改革创新是社会主义核心价值体系的精髓，解决的是应对具备什么样的精神状态和精神风貌的问题；社会主义荣辱观作为社会主义核心价值体系的基础，解决的是人们行为规范的问题。
26构建社会主义和谐社会的重要性:1是抓住用好重要战略机遇期、实现建设小康社会宏伟目标的必然要求2是把握国际形势、有力应对国际环境的各种挑战和风险的必然要求3是巩固党执政地位的社会基础、实现党执政历史任务的必然要求。科学含义：社会主义和谐社会，是民主法治、公平正义、诚信友善、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会。准确把握社会主义和谐社会的科学内涵：一是要正确认识社会主义和谐社会的性质；二是要正确理解构建社会主义和谐社会同社会主义物质文明、政治文明、精神文明的关系；三是要正确理解构建社会主义和谐社会与全面建设小康社会的关系。
27加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设
基本要求：积极解决好教育、就业、收入分配、社会保障、医疗卫生和社会管理等直接关系人民群众根本利益和现实利益的问题，努力使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居，推动和谐社会建设方法：1．优先发展教育，建设人力资源强国。2．实施扩大就业的发展战略，促进以创业带动就业。3．深化收入分配制度改革，增加城乡居民收入。4．加快建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，保障人民基本生活。5．建立基本医疗卫生制度，提高全民健康水平。6.完善社会管理，维护社会安定团结。“平统一、一国两制”构想的历史发展
第一阶段：1978年，邓小平初步表述了“一国两制”的构想。1979年元旦，全国人大常委会发表了《告台湾同胞书》，一国两制的构想已经清楚表露。
第二阶段：1981年9月30日，全国人大常委会委员长叶剑英对新华社记者发表谈话，进一步阐述了台湾回归祖国、实现和平统一的九条政策（叶九条）。1982年，邓小平在北京会见英国首相撒切尔夫人，全面阐述了中国政府准备用“一国两制”的办法解决香港问题的立场。同年12月颁布的《中华人民共和国宪 法》第31条对特别行政区作出了专门规定，标志着“一国两制”构想的正式形成。
第三阶段，1985年3月召开的六届人大三次会议正式把“一国两制”确定为中国的一项基本国策。
29十八大报告中的新思想
1首次将“科学发展观”确立为党必须长期坚持的指导思想
2对“中国特色社会主义”作了新的阐述，同时指出道路是“实现途径”，理论体系是“行动指南”，制度是“根本保障”，“三者统一于中国特色社会主义伟大实践。”
3中国特色社会主义事业总体布局由经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设“四位一体”拓展为包括生态文明建设的“五位一体”
4全面小康社会：从“建设”到“建成”
5首次提出 “城乡居民人均收入”10年翻番，强调发展成果 “更公平”惠及人民
学校创建于1951年10月16日，是以大夏大学、光华大学为基础，同时调进复旦大学和同济大学等院校的部分系科，在大夏大学原址上创办的新中国第一所社会主义师范大学。1959年华东师范大学就被确定为全国首批16所重点院校之一，1978年再次被确认为全国重点大学，是1986年国务院批准首批建立研究生院的33所高等院校之一。1996年通过“211工程”预审并被列入国家重点建设大学行列。2006年教育部和上海市决定重点共建华东师范大学，标志着华东师范大学正式跨入“985”重点高校建设行列，学校在建设世界知名的高水平研究型大学的道路上迈出了坚实步伐。
学校地处上海，现有闵行校区和中山北路校区，校园占地总面积3100余亩，分别坐落在上海市闵行区和普陀区，校园环境幽美，素有“花园学府”之美誉。
学校目前设置有人文社会科学学院、教育科学学院、公共管理学院、学前教育与特殊教育学院、外语学院、商学院、金融与统计学院、东方房地产学院、对外汉语学院、传播学院、艺术学院、设计学院、体育与健康学院、理工学院、资源与环境科学学院、生命科学学院、信息科学技术学院、软件学院、职业技术学院19个全日制学院，继续教育学院和网络教育学院2个管理型学院。河口海岸科学研究院、国际关系和地区发展研究院和新药创制先进技术研究院3个高等研究院。含45系，63个本科专业。其中。软件学院是全国师范大学中唯一一所示范性软件学院，对外汉语学院是国家8个对外汉语教学基地之一；中文、历史、数学、地理、心理5个专业是国家文理科基础科学人才培养和科学研究基地。
学校涵盖哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、历史学、理学、工学、管理学9大学科门类，拥有14个博士后科研流动站，14个一级学科博士学位授权点，118个二级学科博士学位授权点(含23个自主设置二级学科博士学位授权点)，8个一级学科硕士学位授权点，174个二级学科硕士学位授权点(含23个自主设置二级学科硕士学位授权点)，6个专业硕士学位授权点，拥有教育学、地理学2个一级学科国家重点学科(涵盖教育学原理、自然地理学等13个二级学科)，5个二级学科国家重点学科，12个上海市重点学科；拥有2个国家重点实验室，1个国家野外科学观测研究站，6个教育部和上海市重点实验室，2个教育部和上海市工程中心，6个教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地，以及150余个研究所和一批跨学科的研究、实验、计算及測试中心。
学校师资力量雄厚，现有教职工4000余人，其中专任教师1800余人，教授及其他高级职称教师1000余人；中国科学院和中国工程院院士12人(含双聘院士6人)，国务院学科评议组成员9人，教育部“长江学者奖励计划”特聘教授、讲座教授7人，新世纪“百千万人才工程”国家级人选5人，国家杰出青年基金获得者9人，华东师范大学“紫江学者奖励计划”特聘教授、讲座教授51人，华东师范大学终身教授96人。全校有各类学生49000余名，其中全日制在校学生25000余名，包括全日制本专科生13000余名，全日制研究生7700余名(含专业硕士学位研究生)，外国留学生2700余名。
学校注重不断推进国际化发展进程，有着广泛的国际影响和声望，先后与法国巴黎高师、美国宾夕法尼亚大学、美国纽约大学、日本东京大学、日本神产大学、澳大利亚墨尔本大学等世界著名大学建立了战略合作伙伴关系。与英、法、德、日、美、加、澳、韩和俄等国100多所高校、科研机构和产业部门建立了校际学术合作与交流关系，180多位国外著名学者受聘担任学校名誉教授、顾问教授和兼职教授。设在华东师范大学的教育部中学校长培训中心，是国家中学校长培训和港澳台地区中学校长高级研修的国家级基地，被誉为中学校长的“黄埔军校”。
学校主办和受有关部门委托承办的各类学报、学术期刊20余种。图书馆藏书达360余万册，并拥有15所附属中小学。
Part I Listening Comprehension(20%)Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Section A.A.An advertisement B.A newspaper C.Their work D.A dream A.On foot B.By car C.By bus D.By bike A.Three B.Four C.Five D.Six A.The restaurant provides good food B.She enjoys her part-time job C.The restaurant offers cheap food D.There are several cooks in the restaurant.A.The movie was disappointing B.The movie was expensive to see.C.He wants to see the movie again.D.He should have seen the movie at home.A.$ 64 B.$ 86 C.$96 D.$140 A.To stay at home B.To go to bed immediately C.To see a movie D.To go to a party.A.Tom is unable to hear well.B.Tom didn’t say anything at the meeting.C.Tom doesn’t listen to him.D.Tom went out before the meeting was over.A.She bought something for her aunt.B.She was there only briefly.C.She missed it.D.She went to it on her way to the hospital.A.One hour and a half.B.Half an hour.C.45 minutes.D.40 minutes.Section B.Compound Dictation.Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.During the first reading, you should listen carefully for a general idea of the whole passage.Then listen to the passage again.When the first part of the passage is being read, you should fill in the missing word during the pause at each blank.After listening to the second part of the passage you are required to write down the main points according to what you have just heard.Finally, when the passage is read the third time you can check what you have written.In many ___11___ of the world people clap hands to show that they like or __12___ of something.In the theater, at a concert, or at a football game, people ____13____ hands after they see something they like.In Russia the actors, ___14___, and athletes clap ____15_________ the audience.In most countries, however, the performers are happy to receive the applause.They don’t clap back to their fan.A very long time ago clapping meant the ___16____of what it means now.When people did not like an actor or a performer they clapped.They were trying to make as much noise as possible.They continued to clap until the actor left the ___17_____.At some time in history the ___18___of clapping changed.It became a compliment instead of an insult.Now when an audience wants to show great admiration for a performer, they not only clap but they ____19____.That is called a standing ovation.A standing ovation is the dream of every performer._________________20___________________________!Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)(40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Joseph Weizenbaum，professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker(黑客)and makes him into a not very desirable sort of programmer.The hackers are so involved with designing their programs, making it more and more complex and bending it to their hill, that they don’t bother trying to make it understandable to other users.They rarely keep recorders of their programs for the benefit of others, and they take rarely time to understand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be.Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in adding extra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps those hackers know something that we don’t about the shape of things to come.“ That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multi-millionaire of the computer industry,” says MIT Professor Michael Dertouzos.“ And two former hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.”
When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all.If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation for future developments.Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, points out that the computer, because it seems to us to be so “ intelligent”, so “capable”, so “human”, affects the way we think about ourselves and our ideas about what we are.She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in children’s efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.21.The Passage tells about_____.what has caused the emergence of computer hackers the strange behavior of the computer hackers the importance of bringing up computer hackers different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenon 22.Professor Weizenbaum believes the hackers’ strange behavior is caused by_____.their deliberate attempts to make their problems complex and impracticable their incompetence in making new computer programmes their ignorance of the responsibility they should assume their strong desire to control the computer 23.In Professor Bertouzos’ opinion, which of the following is true?___ The hackers are likely to be very successful business man.Only a few hackers will be successful in their later life.The hackers probably have better insight into the future than other people.The computer industry will certainly make the hackers millionaires.24.The phrase“to develop an identity”(Line7, Para.4)probably means_________.to cultivate creativity to seek an answer to become distinguished to form a habit 25.The passage tries to convey to its readers the idea that______.perhaps the hacker phenomenon is a welcome development the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry.The computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidance The hackers may prove indispensable to the computer industry.Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Within about 50 million years, one of the mammals that lives in a marine environment, the whale, has developed into the largest of all animals forms.However, at least for the last 150 years, trouble has closed in on whales from humans.Whales have been hunted since about the eleventh century.Certain types of whales have been hunted too much.Recently, their number has been reduced so greatly that they are in danger of becoming extinct.People are worried about the fact that the number of whales is getting smaller and smaller.They are working to save them.There are reasons why people want to protect the whales.One reason is that whales help to keep a balance between plants and animals.People have been throwing their wastes into the oceans and seas, and these wastes increase the amount of salt in ocean and seawater.The increased salt helps some plants and some very small creatures to grow but these plants and small creatures are harmful to fish.However, whales are eating large numbers of plants and animals that grow in very salty water.In this way, whales are doing a good job as they keep the ocean water clean enough for the fish.In addition, because fish supply necessary food for many people, whales become our good friends which we want to save.Some people are now working to save whales by using the law.They hold meeting to ask fishermen to reduce the number of whales which can be killed in a year.They also work within countries to persuade law makers to make whaling against the law and to make the use of whale products against the law too.Now this struggle to save whales is going on in many places in the world.Some governments will not let people sell whale products in their countries.Other governments have changed the law about whaling.Many people believe that since the number of whales is regarded as a serious world problem, the remaining whales will be saved.26.The passage mainly discussed ________.the protection of whales the strange behaviors of whales the mysterious life of whales the advantages of too many whales 27.From the passage we know that during the last 150 years humans have______.returned to nature learned how to swim threatened the existence of some marine mammals begun to harvest certain plants from the ocean as food 28.According to the passage, certain kinds of whales will soon _______.kill most of the plants and small creatures find some other places to live in die out die from pollution 29.Salt in the oceans usually ______.decreases the plants which are harmful to fish gets rid of harmful plants and creatures removes the wastes thrown into them increases the plants and small creatures that do harm to fish 30.Whales are helpful to humans because______.they eat a large quantity of plants and creatures harmful to fish they make the oceans more and more salty they often save sailors lost in a storm they can communicate with humans Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.What should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others.These may show strengths that you can use in your work.A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career.A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work.So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school.On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard.Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value.A knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details.This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work.You may be good at mental work or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills.If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it.If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers.You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example.Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself.You may be all thumbs when you handle tools, perhaps you are a poor speller of cannot add up a column of figures.It is better to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist.Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background.You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.31.Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph? The importance of doing well at school.Using school performance to help to choose a career.The importance of being good at all subjects.The indirect value of school work.32.The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably______.a waste of time that could have been spent on study useful for his future work a good way to earn extra money a good way to find out his weak points 33.According to the passage, if a student’s school record is not good, he______.will be a complete failure in his future work will not be able to find a suitable job will regret not having worked harder at school may do well in his future work 34.Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for job hunting? Mathematics English
Technical Drawing History 35.The whole passage centers on _____.choosing a career according to what one is skilled in acquiring knowledge by working hard at school finding one’s strong and weak points developing one’s abilities useful in school work Part III Vocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C.and D..Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.36.The general strike is a means of _______________ the total authority of the government.A.incorporating
B.reinforcing
C.challenging
D.transforming 37.They work hard to ________ a barren landscape into an area of beautiful pastureland.A.transform
B.transition
C.transit
D.transport 38.George took _________ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his garden.A.chance
B.interest
C.advantage
D.charge 39.I’d rather you ________ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A.don’t
B.wouldn’t
C.didn’t
D.shouldn’t 40.The new shopping center will not be ________ until next year.A.useful
B.available
C.avail
D.using
41.Shall we _______ girl ________ roses?
compare … for
B.compare … like
C.compare … with
D.compare … to 42.Please _____________ me if you feel sick.A.turn down
B.turn to
C.turn up
D.turn toward 43.____________ the teacher last night, I would have asked him about.A.Had I seen
B.I had seen
C.If I saw
D.If I have seen 44.Stop making so much noise, for you are _______ me from my work.A.attracting
B.distracting
C.contracting
D.contacting 45.The forest was ________ to few trees by the great fire.A.reduced
B.lessened
C.decreased
D.restricted 46.Let’s think of a situation _________ this idiom can be used.A.where
B.which
C.that
D.what 47.People will not believe those who always ________.A.argue
B.exaggerate
C.quarrel
D.tell truth 48.When _________ the evidence of his guilt, he confessed at once.A.faced up with
B.met with
C.opposed by
D.confronted with 49.His plan was rejected, ______ of its merits.A.regardless
B.countless
C.because
D.involving 50.Any country in the world should always be _______ with other countries.A.on peace
B.at peace
C.at ease
D.in case 51.________ it’s raining heavily, we’ll have to put off the picnic.A.Now that
B.Unless
C.If
D.If only 52.He looks _______ young, in fact he is in his fifties.A.apparently
B.evidently
C.plainly
D.clearly 53.The failure in the experiment _______ the carelessness of the young assistant.A.results in
B.results from
C.leads to
D.as a result 54.His younger brother is _______________________ he.A.ten centimeters tall than
B.ten centimeters taller than C.ten centimeters as taller than
D.ten centimeters taller as 55.He __________ works in that University.A.no longer
B.no more
C.longer than
D.no more than 56.Speech difficulties may sometimes be ________ if a person is shown where to place the tongue and teeth to make sounds.A.overpaid
B.overstated
C.overturned
D.overcome 57.His position is _______ to hers.A.inferior
B.high
C.low
D.good 58.He seems to __________ criminals.associated into
B.associated in C.associated with
D.associated to 59.I’m sure Harry will remember, but why not give him a ring _______ he forgets? A.in the case
B.in case of C.in case
D.in the case of 60.Only under special circumstances __________ to take make-up tests.A.freshmen are permitted
B.are freshmen permitted C.permitted are freshmen
D.are permitted freshmen 61.He is a very ________ secretary.So the boss wants to promote him.A.unless
B.effective
C.adequate
D.efficient 62.Generally, most of the people in world are not willing to __________ force to solve the dispute.A.ask for
B.like
C.resort to
D.get 63.The new arrival was ______ the famous scientist.A.none but
B.nothing but C.none other than
D.nothing other than 64.Human beings have _______ themselves to very diverse environments with the help of fire, agriculture and machines.A.adapted
B.adopted
C.adepted
D.addicted 65.It’s necessary ___________ the dictionary immediately.A.that he returned
B.that he return C.that he will return
D.that he has to return Part V Cloze(10%)Directions: For each of the following blanks four choices are given, choose the most appropriate one.The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived.We do know, however, that(66)thousands of years, food was always eaten cold and(67).Perhaps the cooked food was heated accidentally by a(68)fire or by the melted lava from an erupting(69).When people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tasted better.However,(70)after this discovery, cooked food must have remained a rarity(71)man learned how to make and light(72).Primitive men who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun(73)their food.For example, in the desert(74)of the southwestern United States, the Indians cooked their food by(75)it on a flat(76)in the hot sum.They cooked piece of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this 77).We surmise that the earliest kitchen(78)was a stick(79)which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire.Later this stick was(80)by an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meat(81)all sides.Cooking food in water was(82)before man learned to make water containers that could not be(83)by fire.The(84)cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups and stews could be cooked.As early as 166 B.C., the Egyptians had learned to make(85)permanent cooking pots out of sandstone.Many years later, the Eskimos learned to make similar pans.66.A)in
B)on
C)through
D)of 67.A)raw
B)crude
C)man-made
D)fresh 68.A)forest
B)cooked
C)kitchen
D)lightning 69.A)volcano
B)cave
C)mountain
D)valley 70.A)through
B)since
C)soon
D)even 71.A)when
B)which
C)until
D)as 72.A)food
B)a fire
C)himself
D)it 73.A)to cook
B)cooking
C)cooked
D)cook 74.A)places
B)realms
C)areas
D)domains 75.A)beating
B)frying
C)drying
D)placing 76.A)stone
B)board
C)table
D)plate 77.A)zone
B)sector
C)method
D)fashion 78.A)utensil
B)instrument
C)tool
D)equipment 79.A)by
B)over
C)on
D)to 80.A)supported
B)replaced
C)changed
D)switched 81.A)by
B)on
C)over
D)at 82.A)incapable
B)unavoidable
C)impossible
D)unpopular 83.A)broken
B)destroyed
C)spoiled
D)pierced 84.A)newest
B)latest
C)first
D)worst 85.A)stronger
B)better
C)more
D)longer Part V Writing(15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “A Job-Applying Letter ” You should write at least 100 words and your composition should be based on the following : 1)Reason for writing(including how you found out about the job)2)Relevant information about yourself 3)How to contact you 4)Closing Keys: 听力答案：
１－５ ＡＣＣＡＡ
６－１０ ＣＡＣＣＤ
11.parts 12.approve
13.clap
14.performers 15.together with 16.opposite
17.stage 18.meaning 19.not only clap but they stand up and clap 20.Many actors say that is what they work so hard for----Applause!Applause!21-25 D D C B A
26-30 ACCDA
31-35 BBDDA 36~ 40 CACCB
41~45 DBABA 46~ 50 ABD A B
51~55 A ABB A 56~60 D A CCB
61~ 65 DCCA B 66----70.DAAAD
71---75.CBACD
76---80.ACADB
struck an iceberg in the Atlantic.A)tripB)tourC)voyageD)journey
13.On one __________, they locked her in the car when they went to a Call and wind up the window to prevent her overhearing.（偷听）
A)OccasionB)campusC)voyageD)basis
14.the result of very accident, however __________, is a rise in the cost of insurance.A)radicalB)rareC)reluctantD)minor
124A卷
15.If you wish, we can __________ luggage（行李）to be sent on ahead to each of the overnight stops.A)memorizeB)contractC)arrangeD)commit
二．Cloze（完形填空）（每小题2分，共40分）
We were young;we were smart;we were looking forward to the world of work.And ___(16)___We graduated from Oxford University in the early 1970s, my wife and I thought we’d ___(17)___ it all.We’d both have successful ,satisfying careers(事业)。We’d have ____(18)___ time to travel the world and have fun.We’d ___(19)___ in our kids’ upbringing and ___(20)___ the housework.We believed that the world of staying-at-home moms and job trapped(为工作所困不能脱身的)dads had ___(21)___sometime around 1969.We were ___(22)___, of course.In her 30s, my wife gave ___(23)___ her job as a government official to have children.Trying to balance(平衡)work and family, she took part-time jobs that ___(24)___ some cases were enjoyable ___(25)___ that never gave her the advancement that you get ___(26)___ you’re in full-time employment.Meanwhile---first for fun, ___(27)___because the extra income helped---I allowed work to take over my life, spending nights and weekends___(28)___ on books or TV films.I’ve ___(29)___ nothing close to the time I wanted to ___(30)___ my two daughters.True, there should b e some rules against well-paid people complaining about their lot in life, but the three-way balance work, family and non-job, non-kid things that ___(31)___ much spice(情趣)to life---whatever happened ___(32)___ my tennis game or the trips to foreign lands?---is nothing ___(33)___ what my wife and I imagined it would be.It’s not just women who are ___(34)___ that modern life has not fulfilled their various needs.___(35)___ are millions of men who wanted their marriage to be true partnership of equals.16.A)whenB)whileC)asD)since
17.A)doB)haveC)takeD)make
18.A)plentyB)littleC)enoughD)few
19.A)putB)shareC)workD)help
20.A)divideB)separateC)breakD)do
21.A)stoppedB)endedC)closedD)completed
22.A)rightB)wrongC)sureD)confused
23.A)inB)awayC)upD)back
24.A)onB)forC)atD)in
25.A)butB)orC)andD)however
26.A)thoughB)ifC)asD)unless
27.A)latterB)laterC)secondlyD)again
28.A)turningB)relyingC)workingD)looking
29.A)doneB)takenC)leftD)spent
30.A)forB)withC)atD)on
31.A)addB)increaseC)commitD)take
32.A)atB)toC)forD)on
33.A)asB)toC)likeD)for
34.A)embarrassedB)wakenedC)disappointedD)disturbed
35.A)SoB)AsC)AlsoD)Nor
三、Reading Comprehension(阅读理解)（每小题3分，共30分）
Passage One
Some people have it easy.When their kids ask them what they do at work, they can give a simple, direct answer: “I put out fires”or “I fix sick people”or “I teach primary school.” As a theoretical(理论的)physicist, I never has this luck.Society has come to expect many things from the physicists.It used to be that we only had to discover the basic laws of the world and supply the techniques that would power the next Silicon Valley(硅谷).With these expectations we were fairly comfortable: they are the sorts of things we think we know how to do.What makes us uncomfortable—and what makes it hard for us to tell our kids what we’re up to—is that in this century we have become, though unwillingly , gurus on questions such as “What is the nature of Reality?”
We now deal with a whole new class of problems.We ask how the world began and what is the nature of matter.The answers we are coming up with are just not easy to comprehend for the average person.So, when physicists get out of their cars in the morning, have a cup of coffee and sit down in front of their computers, they leave a familiar world and enter a place where things act in strange ways that are impossible for ordinary people to understand.36.According to the passage, in a way physicists are___________.A)intelligentB)comfortableC)strangeD)unlucky
37.Judging from the context, the word “guru” in the first paragraph most probably means a person ________.A)who acts as a teacher and answers big questions
B)who gives wrong answers to big questions
C)who does not have answers to real big questions
D)who is eager to supply answers to big questions
38.Which of the following is true according to what the author says about physicists?
A)Physicists do not like their jobs.B)Physicists live in two different worlds.C)Physicists are coming up with new answers to old questions.D)Physicists don’t have to tell people what they are doing.39.Which of the following statements is true of theoretical physicists?
A)They only have to answer the basic questions about the world.B)They have contributed to the new industry in Silicon Valley.C)They have disappointed the expectations of many people.D)They have found it hard to make friends with ordinary people.40.Which of the following is true about the job of today’s physicists?
A)It is getting easier and easier with the help of modern technology.B)It is not related to any practical use.C)It cannot be done by a person with average intelligence.D)It is beyond the comprehension of ordinary people.Passage Two
I was born in the city of York, in England, in the year 1632.My father was a man of some wealth, able to give me a good home and sent me to school.It was his wish that I should be a lawyer but my head began to be filled very early with thoughts of travel, and I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea.My father gave me strong advice against it, but with little effect.One day, being at Hull, I met a school-fellow who was about to sail for London in his father’s ship, and he invited me to go with him, and without telling my father, I went on board.On the way to London, a storm arose, the ship was wrecked(失事), and we barely escaped with our lives.I went on foot to London, where I met with the master of a vessel which did business with countries on the coast of Africa.He took a fancy to me, and offered me a chance to go with him on his voyages, which I gladly accepted.A great storm came up, and the ship was tossed about for many days, until we did not know where we were.Suddenly we struck a bank of sand, and the sea broke over the ship in such a way that we could not hope to have her hold many moments without breaking into pieces.So we launched(使„下水)a boat.After we had been driven four or five miles, a mountainous wave struck us so hard that it overturned the boat at once.Though I swam well but the waves were so strong that I was dashed against a rock with such force that it left me senseless.But I recovered a little before the waves returned, and, running forward, got to the mainland safely.41.What did the author want to do most when he was young?
A)To visit Africa.B)To sail the seas.C)To practice law.D)To make a tour of London.42.Why did author go on foot to London?
A)The ship he took was destroyed in a storm.B)His father did not supply the fare for the journey.C)He went against his father’s strong advice not to do so.D)His school-fellow invited him to go together.43.Why did they launch a boat?
A)They knew they were near the shore.B)The big waves were about to overturn the ship.C)Their ship had been knocked about for many days on the sea.D)Their ship had struck sand and was about to break into pieces.44.When the author got to the mainland, he_________.A)searched everywhere for his lost companions
B)fell down on the ground senseless
C)was safe and sound
D)ran forward to escape being washed back into the sea
45.When the author finally arrived on land, he most probably________.A)knew he was in Africa
B)did not know where he was
C)was not aware he was back in England
《国际学术交流英语》期末考试卷（A卷）
（2013----2014学年第二学期）
考试形式开 卷考试对象2013级普通硕士
考试时间120分钟出卷时间2014 年 5 月 28 日
命题教师蔡晓斌黄小苹
说明：本卷分值100分，考生应将全部答案都写在答题纸上，否则作无效处理。
I.Answer the following questions according to what you have learned.(25%)
Directions: You are expected to answer the following questions based on the information you can search.(1)What are the features of academic writing? In what way is academic writing
different from ordinary English?
(2)What are the challenges of writing a good abstract?
(3)What are the challenges when giving a presentation of your own research?
(4)What should an applicant pay attention to when writing a job application letter in
English?
(5)What are the importance and functions of cross-cultural communication, esp.in
the international academic communication?
II.Translation(20%)
Directions: The following is a Chinese conference notice, please put it into English with the correct format.国际远程教育会议
该次会议是由中国计算机协会主办，将于2015年3月25 日至3月27日在北京清华大学举行。
国际远程教育会议包括主题发言、技术研讨会和论文交流。除了开幕式上政府官员所作的开幕致辞外，来自国际教育科学技术学会的官员和学者、科技协会、商业企业，以及旨在推动中国远程教育的人士也将参加主题发言。
远程教育提供了一个国内外软/硬件生产厂家相互沟通与合作的宝贵机会。会议将会推动中国的教育现代化的发展，开发并扩展中国教育市场。
关于发言人及论文的具体细节问题将陆续向大家发布。
III.Making an academic profile of one leading international scholar(20%)
Directions: You are expected to make an academic profile of one leading international scholar in your own discipline.Your profile is to include the following parts:
(1)The name and affiliation of the scholar;
(2)The major academic contributions of the scholar;
(3)The personal webpage site of the scholar;
(4)The relevance of the scholar’s academic ideas to your own research;
(5)One question you would raise for him/her to answer if you had an opportunity to
communicate with him/her.IV.Conference program(20%)
Directions: Design a conference program according to the following conference notice.The 3rd International Forum of Women Presidents on Higher Education
On the basis of successful holding of the first and second Forum of Women Presidents on Higher Education, respectively in 2010 and 2012, Communication University of China(CUC), China Education Association for International Exchange and Korea Foundation for Advanced Studies will sponsor the third Forum in August, 2015.It is expected that 200 outstanding women from education, industry and government will attend the Forum.1.ThemeEducation, Women and Development
Topic 1Media, Education and Women
Topic 2Women Presidents and Modern Higher Education
Topic 3Women education and development in disadvantaged areas
2.Conference Time
August 19-20, 2014
3.Conference Venue
Beijing Hotel, Beijing, China
4.Visiting places
Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai
5.Paper
Please submit your paper before July 31, 2014 to Communication University of China.Paper length3000-5000 words
Paper LanguagesChinese / English
6.Expense
The organizing committee will pay for the food, boarding and visiting fees spent during August 16-23.Participants need to pay other fees not mentioned above.7.Response Form
If you can attend the meeting, please send or fax Response Form before July 31, 2014.Please provide introduction of the university, bibliography and motto.8.Contact
Tel(8610)65783433
Fax(8610)65779138
Email forum3@cuc.edu.cn
V.Curriculum Vitae(15%)
1. 下列加点字注音全对的一组是()(3分)
A.镣(liào)铐
本分(fèn)
卓(zhuó)有成效
纵横捭(bǎi)阖
B.给(jǐ)予
离间(jiān)
言简意赅(gāi)
余勇可贾(gǔ)
C.恫(dòng)吓
伺(cì)候
命途多舛(chuǎn)
诗味隽(jùn)永
D.犄(qí)角
哄(hōng)笑
方兴未艾(ài)
时乖命蹇(jiǎn)
2. 依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是()(3分)
(1)他(马克思)在安乐椅上安静地睡着了——_____已经是永远地睡着了。
(2)他们承诺给所有的人以生存、自由和追求幸福的不可剥夺的_____。
(3)即便是遭了笞刑,卡西莫多也没有认识到副主教克洛德表面上_____,内心却自私阴险。
A.而且权力文质彬彬
B.而且权利道貌岸然
C.但权利道貌岸然
D.但权力文质彬彬
3. 下列对课文内容和文学常识理解有误的一项是()(3分)
A.孟子是继孔子之后的儒学大师,被后世称为“亚圣”,主张君王应施仁政。《寡人之于国也》体现了孟子的仁政主张。
B.李清照,号易安居士,多才多艺,能诗词。她以自己亲身感受与内心体验为依据创作,自成一家,是婉约派的代表作家。因词作风格相似,与辛弃疾并称“二安”。
C.唐初,王勃和杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王并称 “初唐四杰”。《滕王阁序》是他记述盛会的序文,是一挥而成的千古名篇,受到时人和后人的赞赏。
D.《秋声赋》是欧阳修的名篇,也是宋代文赋的典范。该篇虽然承袭了写秋天肃杀萧条的传统,但却烘托出人事忧劳更甚于秋的肃杀这一主题,立意新颖。
4. 在一次辩论会上,主持人讲了下面一个故事,请你根据以下内容引出甲乙两方辩题。要求:双方辩题语言要简洁,具有可辩性,不超过10字。(6分)
两个失败者沮丧地躺在屋子里,同时看到下面的情景:
一个蜘蛛要在天棚的拐角处结网,它向另外一面墙荡过去,在即将接近那面墙壁的那一瞬间,它掉了下来——这是它第七次失败了。
蜘蛛的举动触动了他们。
甲说:可敬的蜘蛛,你怎么那么自信执著!我是人,难道不如一只蜘蛛吗?我要振作起来!
乙说:可怜的蜘蛛,你只要稍微改变一下爬行的方向,就可以成功。我是人,不是蜘蛛,我要重新选择方向!
(1)甲方辩论题目:_______________(不超过10个字)
(2)乙方辩论题目:_______________(不超过10个字)
5. “她一言不发地走进那扭着身子枉自躲避她的犯人,从胸前取出一只葫芦,温柔地举到那可怜人干裂的嘴边。”在送水一幕中,爱斯梅拉达并没有说话,请你以爱斯梅拉达的身份对卡西莫多说一句话,字数在10~20之间。(3分)
答:_____________________
二、(14分)
阅读下面的文字,完成6～9题。
巴尔扎克葬词(节选)
雨 果
各位先生:
现在被葬入坟墓的这个人,举国哀悼他。对我们来说,一切虚构都消失了。从今以后,众目仰望的将不是统治者,而是思想家。一位思想家不存在了,举国为之震惊,今天,人民哀悼一位天才之死,国家哀悼一位天才之死。
诸位先生,巴尔扎克这个名字将长留于我们这一时代,也将流传于后世的光辉业绩之中。巴尔扎克先生属于19世纪拿破仑之后的强有力的作家之列,正如 17世纪一群显赫的作家,涌现在黎塞留之后一样——就像文明发展中,出现了一种规律,促使武力统治者之后出现精神统治者一样。
在最伟大的人物中间,巴尔扎克是名列前茅者;在最优秀的人物中间,巴尔扎克是佼佼者之一。他才华卓著,至善至美,但他的成就不是眼下说得尽的。他的所有作品仅仅形成了一部书,一部有生命的、光亮的、深刻的书,我们在这里看见我们的整个现代文明的走向,带着我们说不清楚的、同现实打成一片的惊惶与恐怖。一部了不起的书,他题作“喜剧”,其实就是题作“历史”也没有什么,这里有一切的形式和一切的风格,超过塔西陀,上溯到苏埃通,越过博马舍,直达拉伯雷;一部既是观察又是想象的书,这里有大量的真实、亲切、家常、琐碎、粗鄙。但是有时通过突然撕破表面、充分揭示形形色色的现实,让人马上看到最阴沉和最悲壮的理想。
愿意也罢,不愿意也罢,同意也罢,不同意也罢,这部庞大而又奇特的作品的作者,不自觉地加入了革命作家的强大行列。巴尔扎克笔直地奔向目标,抓住了现代社会进行肉搏。他从各方面揪过来一些东西,有虚像,有希望,有呼喊,有假面具。他发掘内心,解剖激情。他探索人、灵魂、心、脏腑、头脑和各个人的深渊,巴尔扎克由于他自由的天赋和强壮的本性,由于他具有我们时代的聪明才智,身经革命,更看出了什么是人类的末日,也更了解什么是天意,于是面带微笑,泰然自若,进行了令人生畏的研究,但仍然游刃有余。他的这种研究不像莫里哀那样陷入忧郁,也不像卢梭那样愤世嫉俗。
这就是他在我们中间的工作。这就是他给我们留下来的作品,崇高而又扎实的作品,金刚岩层堆积起来的雄伟的纪念碑!从今以后,他的声名在作品的顶尖熠熠发光。伟人们为自己建造了底座,未来负起安放雕像的责任。
他的去世惊呆了巴黎。他回到法兰西有几个月了。他觉得自己不久于人世,希望再看一眼他的祖国,就像一个人出门远行之前,再来拥抱一下自己的母亲一样。
他的一生是短促的,然而也是饱满的,作品比岁月还多。
唉!这位惊人的、不知疲倦的作家,这位哲学家,这位思想家,这位诗人,这位天才,在同我们一起旅居在这世上的期间,经历了充满风暴和斗争的生活,这是一切伟大人物的共同命运。今天,他安息了。他走出了冲突与仇恨。在他进入坟墓的这一天,他同时也步入了荣誉的宫殿。从今以后,他将和祖国的星星一起,熠熠闪耀于我们上空的云层之中。
站在这里的诸位先生,你们心里不羡慕他吗?
6. 作者说“就像文明发展中,出现了一种规律,促使武力统治者之后出现精神统治者一样”这句话的用意是什么?(4分)
答:__________________________________________
7. “天才”一词在演讲中反复出现,有什么作用?(4分)
答:__________________________________________
8. 揣摩下面的不同译文,任选一句,说说哪种译法更好及理由。(3分)
(1)A. 今天,人民哀悼一位天才之死,国家哀悼一位天才之死。
B. 人民哀悼的,是死了有人才的人;国家哀悼的,是死了有天才的人。
句好,理由:
(2)A. 巴尔扎克笔直地奔向目标,抓住了现代社会进行肉搏。
B. 巴尔扎克笔直地奔到目的地,抓住了现代社会肉搏。
句好,理由:
9. 仿照文中画线语句的结构形式,另写一句话。(3分)
他的一生是短促的,然而也是饱满的,作品比岁月还多。
答:_____________________
_____________________
三、(16分)
阅读下面的文字,完成10～13题。
《雷雨》的多种阐释(节选)
钱理群
曹禺正是在提醒读者、观众要注意他的《雷雨》的诗性特征:他的主体生命的投入,情感、情绪以及对宇宙间、人的命运中一些不可理解的东西,人的生存困境的形而上的思考与探寻……于是,人们穿透过戏剧的情节,人物的性格,注意到了曹禺的意象与观念。
首先是“郁热”。这是戏剧发生的自然背景——剧本中一再出现的蝉鸣,蛙噪,雷响,无不在渲染郁热的苦夏气氛,在一定的意义上,可以说《雷雨》是一出“夏天的戏剧”。同时,这也暗示着一种情绪,心理,性格,以至生命的存在方式,并且显然融入了作者自己的生命感受与体验。
于是,人们发现,《雷雨》里,几乎每一个人都陷入了一种“情热”——欲望与追求之中。周冲充满着“向着天边飞”的生命冲动,这是一个永远不能实现的追求绝对理想的精神幻梦。繁漪、周萍、四凤则充分表现了人的非理性的情欲的渴求,尤其是作者倾心刻画的繁漪,她更有一点原始的野性,更充分地发展了人的魔性。鲁大海也同样满蓄着反抗的、破坏的、野性的力。_____________但所有人物的所有这一切“情热”(欲望与追求),人在剧中又被一种人所不能把握的强大的力量压抑着,几乎每一个人出场时都嚷着“闷”,繁漪更是高喊“我简直有点喘不过气来”。这象征着生命的“热”力的“郁”结。超常态的欲望与对欲望的超常态的压抑,二者的撞击,就造成了人的巨大的精神痛苦。由此而引发出的,是极端的交织着最残酷的爱和最不忍的恨的“雷雨式”的性格,近乎疯狂的,白热,短暂的“雷雨式”的感情力量。这是一种自我毁灭。
于是又有了“挣扎”与“残酷”的发现。
在整个第三幕里,四凤始终处于中心位置。这是颇耐寻味的:所有的人都死死地抓住她,借以解救——周冲把四凤看做“引路人”,想仰仗她的帮助,一起走到理想地,因而也是现实中永远得不到的“我们的真世界”里去;鲁妈恳求四凤不要重走自己当年走过的路,以使自己永远地摆脱发生在昨天,今天又重唤起的噩梦;而周萍,他是把四凤作为能够“把他从冲突的苦海中救出来”的“心内的太阳”的,他要借助于流动在四凤身上的青春的热血,灌注于自己的生命的空壳内,使之有力量打开“狭的笼”,离开“这个能引起人的无边噩梦似的老房子”。在这里,无论是周冲,还是鲁妈,周萍,都表现出一种要从现存的不可忍受的生存方式中“挣扎”出来的强烈欲念,然而不但他们自身没有自我挣扎、自我解救的力量,而且在他们生活的环境里,也没有发现任何足以改变他们的生存状态的外在力量。于是,他们就只有心造出一个充满美和力的幻影,这就是四凤。而这一切绝望的挣扎又反过来给现实的四凤——一个没有文化,多少有些虚荣心的普普通通的女孩子,加以她不可能承受的超负荷的精神压力。前述所有的人的挣扎的努力,在四凤的感觉中都成了一种威逼:周冲逼她一起飞,鲁妈逼她对天发誓,周萍逼她幽会,这都隐含着一种残忍,而且令人恐惧——舞台上那一声声的雷响,正加深着这种恐惧感。这不仅在生理上会造成可怕的后果,而且精神上的压力也已超过了这些善良的男女所能承受的心理极限。于是,他们终于走到了最后——最有理由活着,对于死亡最没有思想准备的四凤与周冲死了,而经历了这一切,最不愿意活着的侍萍与繁漪却偏偏活了下来——这结局是残忍并且令人恐惧的。这样,我们终于把握住了在曲折的情节背后蕴含着的曹禺式的观念:“挣扎”与“残酷”。这在《雷雨•序》里,已有过明确的表述。
这“挣扎”与“残酷”,以及与之相联系的“悲凉”与“恐惧”,都是曹禺对生命,对人(特别是中国人)的生存状态及其审美形态的独特发现。
10. 第一段“曹禺的意象与观念”是指哪些内容?请结合全文概述。(6分)
答:① _____________________
② _____________________
③ _____________________
11. 作者是从哪几方面来阐发“郁热”的?(4分)
答:_____
_____________________
12. 结合教材,仿照第三段中对“情热”的几个例释,在横线处填上鲁侍萍或周朴园的“情热”表现。(2分)
答:_____________________
_____________________
13. 作者为什么说“这是颇耐寻味的”?(4分)
答:_____________________
_____________________
四、(26分)
阅读下面的文字,完成14～18题。
季氏将伐颛臾。冉有、季路见于孔子曰:“季氏将有事于颛臾。”孔子曰:“求!无乃尔是过与?夫颛臾,昔者先王以为东蒙主,且在邦域之中矣,是社稷之臣也。何以伐为?”
冉有曰:“夫子欲之,吾二臣者皆不欲也。”孔子曰:“求!周任有言曰:‘陈力就列,不能者止。’危而不持,颠而不扶,则将焉用彼相矣?且尔言过矣,虎兕出于柙,龟玉毁于椟中,是谁之过与?”
冉有曰:“今夫颛臾,固而近于费,今不取,后世必为子孙忧。”孔子曰:“求!君子疾夫舍曰‘欲之’而必为之辞。丘也闻有国有家者,不患寡而患不均,不患贫而患不安。盖均无贫,和无寡,安无倾。夫如是,故远人不服,则修文德以来之;既来之,则安之。今由与求也,相夫子,远人不服而不能来也,邦分崩离析而不能守也,而谋动干戈于邦内,吾恐季孙之忧,不在颛臾,而在萧墙之内也。”
14. 下列加点实词意义相同的一项是()(2分)
A.季氏将有事于颛臾
百忧感其心,万事劳其形
B.无乃尔是过与
是寡人之过也
C.陈力就列,不能者止
不欲与廉颇争列
D.则将焉用彼相矣
萍水相逢,尽是他乡之客
15. 下列加点虚词意义、用法相同的一项是()(2分)
A.而:① 危而不持,颠而不扶
② 襟三江而带五湖
B.之:① 吾恐季孙之忧
② 乃其一气之余烈
C.于:① 而谋动干戈于邦内
② 则无望民之多于邻国也
D.以:① 何以伐为
② 因为长句,歌以赠之
16. 孔子不赞成“伐颛臾”的理由有哪些?请分条概述。(3分)
答:__________________________________________
17. 请仿照示例,从下面的文句任选两条加以评点。(4分)
示例:吾恐季孙之忧,不在颛臾,而在萧墙之内也。
评点:季氏借发兵讨伐颛臾以削弱鲁君实力的“醉翁之意”,一语道破;同时也有力地批驳了冉有的观点。
(1)夫子欲之,吾二臣者皆不欲也。
_____________________
(2)虎兕出于柙,龟玉毁于椟中,是谁之过与?
_____________________
(3)君子疾夫舍曰‘欲之’而必为之辞。
_____________________
18. 请任意写出出自本文的两个成语,并选择一个造句。(4分)
成语:_____________、_____________
造句:_____________________
19. 请翻译下面的文句。(6分)
(1)故远人不服,则修文德以来之。
__________________________________________
(2)谨庠序之教,申之以孝悌之义。
__________________________________________
(3)关山难越,谁悲失路之人?
__________________________________________
20. 请用斜线(/)给下面的文言文断句(限5处)。(5分)
秋 声 无 形 也 却 写 得 形 色 宛 然 读 之 使 人 悄 然 而 悲 肃 然 而 恐 真 可 谓 绘 风 乎 矣(钟惺《山晓阁选宋大家欧阳修庐陵全集》卷一引)
五、(16分)
21. 阅读下面的唐诗,然后回答问题。(8分)
渡荆门送别
李 白
渡远荆门外,来从楚国游。
山随平野尽,江入大荒流。
月下飞天镜,云生结海楼。
仍怜故乡水,万里送行舟。
(1)第二联“入”字力透纸背,用语贴切,请分析其表达效果。(2分)
答:__________________________________________
(2)“月下飞天镜,云生结海楼”是如何描绘了景物的特点的?(2分)
答:_____________________
(3)古人曾认为“诗中无送别意,题中二字可删”,请结合全诗谈谈你的认识。(4分)
答:_______________________________________________________________
22. 根据课文内容,完成下面的名句填空。(8分,任选8题)
(1)蜀道之难,_____________。
(2)无边落木萧萧下,_____________。
(3)_____________,相逢何必曾相识。
(4)_____________,只是当时已惘然。
(5)问君能有几多愁,_____________。
(6)今宵酒醒何处?_____________。
(7)梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第,_____________。
(8)落霞与孤鹜齐飞,_____________。
(9)王国维在《人间词话》中说:“古今之成大事业、大学问者,必经过三种之境界:‘昨夜西风凋碧树。独上高楼,_____________’。此第一境也。‘衣带渐宽终不悔,为伊消得人憔悴。’此第二境也。‘众里寻他千百度,蓦然回首,那人却在,灯火阑珊处’。此第三境也。”
六、(60分)
23. 作文。
1830年,法国作家雨果同出版商签订合同,半年内交出一部作品。于是雨果把外出的所有衣服锁进柜子里,把钥匙扔进湖里,彻底断了外出会友和游玩的念头,一心写作。文学著作《巴黎圣母院》就是这样写成的。是的,在漫漫人生路上,往往只有不留下退路,才更容易赢得出路,当我们难以驾驭自己的惰性和欲望,不能专心致志前行时,不妨也采取一些斩断退路之举,逼自己全力以赴寻找出路,走向成功。
请以“不留退路,才有出路”为题写一篇不少于800字的文章,文体不限。
参考答案
1. A[B.离间(jiàn)C.隽(juàn)永 D.犄 ( jī )角]
2. C(“但”表转折;“而且”表并列、递进。“权利”指公民或法人依法行使的权力和享受的利益,与“义务”相对;“权力”指政治上的强制力量或职责范围内的支配力量。“道貌岸然”形容形态庄严,现多讥讽意;“文质彬彬”形容人文雅朴实或文雅有礼貌)
3. B(李清照号易安居士,词多婉约;辛弃疾,字幼安,词多豪放,为两派代表人物。并称“二安”,是因号与字,而非风格)
4.(6分)(1)面对挫折要坚持不懈;(2)面对挫折要重新选择。
5.(3分)提示:说话要符合人物身份、性格,以及场合。
6.(4分)① 高度赞誉巴尔扎克,把他看成一个比武力统治者更伟大的精神统治者。 ② 照应本段开头一句话。
7.(4分)① “天才”一词包含了“思想家”、“作家”和“诗人”的意义,是对巴尔扎克最好的评价。 ② 更能表现雨果对巴尔扎克的推崇和景仰。
8.(3分,选出好得1分,理由2分)(1)A句,理由:反复强调巴尔扎克是受国家、人民尊重的天才,更能表现雨果对巴尔扎克的推崇和景仰。(2)A句,理由:“奔向”强调过程,而“奔到”强调结果;B是病句。
9.(句式1分,内容符合要求1分,语句通顺1分)示例:(1)他的一生是贫穷的,然而也是富足的,他的精神财富比物质财富还多。(2)他的一生是孤独的,然而也是幸福的,他的朋友比天上的星星还多。
10.(6分)① “郁热”(或:欲望与追求); ② “挣扎”与“残酷”; ③ “悲凉”与“恐惧”。
11.(4分)① 自然背景:剧本中一再出现的蝉鸣,蛙噪,雷响,无不在渲染郁热的苦夏气氛; ② 暗示着一种情绪,心理,性格,以至生命的存在方式,并且显然融入了作者自己的生命感受与体验。
12.(2分)(即使是侍萍,周朴园)对充满痛苦的初恋的极其复杂的感情反应,正表明了对曾经有过的情爱的难以摆脱。(周、鲁两人任选其一即可,答案必须包含矛盾、复杂的感情反应以及难以摆脱之煎熬两方面1分,另语句衔接通顺1分)
13.(4分)① 他们都表现出要从现存的不可忍受的生存方式中“挣扎”出来的强烈欲念,但自身却没有自我挣扎、解救的力量,也没有发现任何外在力量。 ② 四凤是他们心造的充满美和力的幻影,而这绝望的挣扎又反过来给现实的四凤加以她不可能承受的超负荷的精神压力,这是一种“残酷”。(答案必须包括“挣扎”和“残酷”两方面,意对即可)
14. C(职位、位次。A.古代战争、祭祀为军国大事;事物。 B.指责,责备;过错。D.辅助的人;指代对方)
15. B(助词,的。A.连词,表转折,却;连词,表并列。C.介词,表处所,在;介词,表比较,比。D.介词,“因为,凭”皆可解;连词,表目的,来)
16. ① 先王封国,不可伐; ② 邦域之中,不必伐; ③ 社稷之臣,不当伐。
17.(4分)(1)针对孔子的批评,冉有自我辩解,将责任推给季氏。(2)孔子抓住了要害,用比喻指出是管理者、辅佐者的过失,使冉有、季路难辞其咎。(3)一针见血,指出冉有的说法纯粹是侵略者的强盗逻辑:明明是自己要去侵略、消灭人家,却找借口说是因为人家对自己构成威胁。
18.(4分)“既来之,则安之”、“分崩离析”、“祸起萧墙”。造句略。
19.(6分,每条2分)(1)所以远方的人不归服,就修整文德教化来使他们臣服。(2)认真地办好各级学校,反复地用孝顺父母、 敬爱兄长的大道理来开导他们。(3)关山路远,行步艰难,有谁来可怜走投无路之人?
20. 秋声/无形也/却写得形色宛然/读之使人悄然而悲/肃然而恐/真可谓绘风乎矣
21.(1)(2分)“入”字平中见奇,既写出了江流奔腾直泻,壮浪形骸的气势,与江流仿佛流入荒漠辽远的原野,寥廓高远的境界;又展现诗人高亢激越,乐观开朗的情怀。(2)(2分)以水中月明如圆镜反衬江水的平静,以天上云彩构成海市蜃楼衬托江岸的辽阔,天空的高远。(3)以下两说均可。① 古人说法不正确。这不是传统意义上的送别诗,尾联“仍怜故乡水,万里送行舟” 明明是诗人有离乡惜别的情思,而又不直说,反而采用拟人化的手法说故乡之水恋恋不舍地一路送我远行,怀着深情厚意,万里送行舟,从侧面写来,越发显出自己思乡深情。紧扣“送别”的诗题,与开头两句写诗人离蜀远游的诗意遥相呼应。诗以浓重的怀念惜别之情结尾,构思巧妙,言有尽而情无穷。 ② 古人说法并不是没有道理的。全诗没有一个字提及“送别”朋友的离情别绪,这首诗并不是什么赠别朋友,而是诗人自己在远离故土之际向家乡告别。(4分,意对即可)
22.(8分,任选8题)(1)难于上青天(2)不尽长江滚滚来(3)同是天涯沦落人(4)此情可待成追忆(5)恰是一江春水向东流(6)杨柳岸晓风残月(7)怎一个愁字了得(8)秋水共长天一色(9)望尽天涯路
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