英语四级作文高分佳句（推荐8篇）
负面现象，一般写带来的危害，产生的原因 Undoubtedly，It will have /exert a / produce
considerable/profound / beneficial/ favorable/ undesirable/ negative influence/ effect on… what is more worrisome is that…
1)It may cause /produce /bring about considerable/drastic/ sweeping change/ rise in… 2)This
will
entail
/bring
/involve
some dreadful/serious/pernicious(很有害的，恶性的)consequences
3)Just think/ imagine that /what would happen if…(想一下，如果人人做好事都想回报社会会变成什么)
5)he majority of people would agree that sth has caused serious problems.6)Personally, it is my belief that sth threatens to do more harm than good.7)if allowed to proceed unchecked, the problem will undoubtedly …(带来的一个具体问题)
8)(一些过渡句，正面，反面，原因都可以使用)
9)on the surface of it, this may seem to be ridiculous/ attractive/ funny/ just a popular phenomenon, but If thinking again, we would point out some drawbacks/ strong points/reasons.10)it is superficially plausible/ ridiculous/ attractive/ funny/just a popular phenomenon, but when subjected to analysis ,it turns out that(but a close inspection of the idea would reveal that)it will cause many problems/ result in many advantages/ has its fundamental reasons.11)(一般用于说缺点)it is true that(好处)internet has the power to educate and to entertain, but unfortunately, these benefits are outweighed by the harm it does to dedicated /addicted users.用来总结：
A If no measures are taken to ensure(要具体的写内容)…, a … disaster may not be far away and the next victim will probably be man himself.B if we let this situation continues as it is, we do not know what will happen between people’s relationship in the future.正面现象，一般写带来的好处，原因分析或举例说明
A admittedly, as the reflection of the outlook of the people, sth, as priceless spiritual treasure ought to be preserved and cherished.At the same time there are positive reasons to advocate sth.举例段
A examples to prove the view are abundant.The most persuasive one is the case of sb who;
B this can be illustrated by the example of sb who
C numerous examples can demonstrate the power of sth(cooperation / confidence).a case in point is that(concerning sth)
D such stimulating/ less impressive cases /stories are not rare in our daily life.E to examine this , let’s return to the example of sb/sth 解决问题段：
A(坏东西)Therefore, it is high time that effective measures must be taken to solve the problem.The essential solution, in my opinion, is to ….In addition /apart from this, people’s awareness must be heightened through education and publicity.In a word, we can never solve the problem until all of us take action to regulate people’s behaviors.B(坏东西)therefore, it is imperative for us, people in all walks, to take drastic measures to reverse this disturbing trend illustrated in the picture above.For on thing, we should appeal to the authorities to make strict laws to control… for another, we should cultivate the awareness that sth is of great significance to us.Only in this way , can we(要写的很具体，不要写结局问题，过上幸福生活)(one measure would be to… more importantly/meanwhile/,)
I believe that we humans can surmount this difficulty and we will have a brilliant future.C(好东西可以提倡保护)what should be done to promote(好事情 the communication between people in the present-day society)? Chinese citizens are excepted to enhance their awareness that sth is an indispensable part for sth(the construction of harmonious society).The local and central authorities, not only Chinese but also foreign ones, in coordination with the press, are obliged to … , only through these action can the culture between nations have a glorious future.D(好东西)accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implication from these thought –provoking drawings.E(坏东西)if we donot desire/hope the trend to become a reality one day in the future, positive steps must be taken to put an end to sth right now.F(好坏都行)in order to make… we still have tremendous tasks to accomplish.G(好坏)to improve/put an end to the positive/negative situation of , my suggestion are the following steps.H(坏)there is, as a matter of fact, little doubt that immediate action is required to eliminate
一、要点全面, 构思合理
建议学生在动笔写作前, 认真看清题目, 包括提示, 全面了解写作的要求, 要理清写作思路。确定是用什么体裁来写, 全文的框架和结构是什么等等。这样就要有个brainstorm的过程。做这些的前提就是, 让学生在第一时间内用红笔把作文应当包括的要点勾画出来, 这样做主要是防止要点遗漏。因为许多学生在写作最初还记得要点, 写到中间或最后就会完全脱离题目, 从而导致要点不全。在高考中作文要点不全会针对遗漏情况酌情扣分。所以, 不能忽略这个很简单的环节。其次, 构思合理, 就是指在合乎情理、合乎规范、力所能及的前提下添加一些要点中没有提及的信息。紧扣主题适当发挥, 需要生活阅历和思维能力作为后盾, 否则, 就可能成为不切实际的空话、不合逻辑的胡话。所以, 高分作文第一步显得格外重要。
二、审清要点, 分清层次
根据题目, 确定文章中心, 列出表达要点, 理顺思路, 分清层次和表达逻辑关系。其实英语作文的提高除了平时多写, 多积累以外, 拿到题目后解读和审题也很重要, 只有审题准确, 才能打好优秀作文的基础。英语作文的审题走三步, 人称、时态和结构。根据题目要点, 仔细斟酌分析, 深入到题目当中, 把这三个审题的关键点把握好, 这样才能为作文打好基础。高考作文常见的人称是一二人称, 时态是现在时, 而结构通常是三段论, 对于常见的点要把握好, 以备考试当中用到。
三、打草稿
这是写作的第一步, 但也是必需的步骤。打草稿最多三分钟, 草稿应该是作文的大概行文结构, 并非是一篇完整的作文。这个环节需要做的就是把要点先用简单的英语表达出来, 做到人称时态和结构的正确。许多学生存在两个误区, 一个就是打了草稿, 就把作文从草稿本上直接抄到试卷上, 没有任何的补充和修改。另外一个误区就是有的学生觉得打草稿就是浪费时间, 直接在试卷上无所顾忌地去写, 结果句不成句, 文不成文, 而且书写更是让人无法辨别, 这样的作文能拿到高分吗?
四、添加修改润色
高考书面表达已不只局限于把话说清楚, 把意思表达完整, 而是要给句子润色, 让句子靓起来。如何让英语句子靓起来呢?
我觉得通过对低级句型的改造, 可以迅速达到这一目的。可以用到强调句, 将时间、地点、原因、方式等类型的状语从句转变为强调句, 还可以用倒装句和with引导的伴随结构, 巧妙地使用非谓语动词, 可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。恰到好处的被动句, 适合应用于较简短的句子, 这样显得语言简洁生动, 宾语一般是nothing、anything、everything等不定代词。感叹句, 通常用于开头结尾活跃文章气氛, 凡是“I feel...”之类表达感情的句子皆可如此改造。高级定语从句:若定语从句中的动词带有介词, 只需将介词移至先行词后等等。这是好作文产生的必备环节, 通过添加信息, 可以采用一些语法句式或者固定句式将句子写得更加有层次性, 通过添加固定短语和过渡语, 使文章行文连贯流畅, 更加符合英语写作的习惯。
对于修改, 一定要避免基本和常见错误, 比如拼写错误, 标点符号不清楚, 断句不明, 主谓不一致, 句子层次不清楚, 或语义不符合文章语境等等问题。就润色而言, 需要注意写出的文章符合英语语境和表达法, 切记不要出现汉语式英语, 表达明确, 简洁明了, 不要过于繁琐。
五、抄写
如果卷面凌乱, 字迹潦草, 书写过小、过密, 字母连写严重, 标点不清, 教师首先会觉得该考生不认真。在高强度阅卷过程中, 没有谁愿意逐字辨认写作内容, 况且, 评分标准中规定书写不清以致影响判卷的, 评卷教师有权降档处理 (扣5—6分左右) 。经过上一环接, 此时就可以把作文很整齐地誊写到试卷上了, 一定要注意到书写整齐美观, 这样再加上上一环节的添加修改润色, 相信学生的作文一定会很精彩。
另外, 对于作文中的常见句型和表达, 也要有意识进行积累, 不积跬步, 无以至千里;不积小流, 无以成江海。
高考作文常用句式:
1.What is known to all is that...众所周知的是
As is known to all, ...
It is known to all that...
2.The reason why...is that...原因是
3.On no account/Under no circumstances can we...决不
4.What impresses me most is that...让我印象最深刻的是
5.It’s generally acknowledged that...普遍认为
6.There is an old saying going like this…俗话说
7.It can be said with certainty that…确切的说
8.When it comes to sth, some people think....However, others believe...当说到……人们认为
9.It is commonplace to do sth.……很普遍
10.It is more advisable to do.……更可取。
11.From my point of view, it would be bet-ter if...我认为, ……会更好
12.From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably come to the conclusionthat...综上所述, 我们会合理的得出这样的结论……
13.be doing/be on the point of doing...when当做……的时候, 突然
14.I’ll appreciate it if...如果……我会不胜感激
15.I didn’t realize its importance until I...直到……我才意识到他的重要性
16.No matter how+adj it is, we can...无论多……我都能
17.So useful is it that we had better...如此的有用, 以至于我们最好
18.Should/were it rain/to rain, we would...如果下雨, 我们会 (if省略, should, were提前)
19.With sth/sb doing/done/to do, we should…
20.独立主格结构
Time permits, and we will go out.
If Time permits, we will go out.
均可转化为:
Time permitting, we will...
常用短语:
1.be faced with new opportunities and challenges.面临新的挑战和机遇
2.arouse wide public concern引起广泛关注
3.be supported by sound reasons有充分利用支持
4.be no exception也不列外
5.the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages利大于弊
6.broaden one’s horison开阔视野
7.take many factors into accout考略到诸多因素
8.make joint efforts做出共同努力
9.lay a solid foundation for打下坚实的基础
10.meet the needs of满足需求
11.attach great importance to重视
12.give rise to引起
be conductive to对……有益
13.be of use/value有用或价值
14.long to do渴望做
15.have a great effect/influence on对……有重大影响
16.do one’s utmost/best to do尽力做
17.spare no effort to do不遗余力做
18.manage to do设法
equip sb with (e.g.equip ourselves with knowledge) 用…武装
19.be beneficial to sb对某人有益
20.appeal for sb to do呼吁某人做某事appeal to doing呼吁做
21.do all/everything one can to do尽力做
22.have no choice but to do别无选择只能做……
23.would like to do/feel like doing想做……
24.do good to/do harm to对……有益或有害
过渡语
1.owing to/due to/thanks to/because of因为
2.now that既然
3.to begin with/at the first place/most of all首先
4.moreover/furthermore/what’s more.what’s better/worse.另外
5.Meanwhile/at the meantime.同时
6.Last but not least最后但也很重要的是
7.As for me./From my point of view./from where I stand就某人而言
8.As a matter of fact实际上
9.Nevertheless, however, in contrast然而
10.Hence, therefore, thus.因此
11.for one thing...for another/also首先……其次
12.on the one hand...on the other hand一方面……另一方面
13.generally speaking一般地说
14.in other words换句话说
15..in particular/particularly特别地
[要求多样化的语言表达]
高考书面表达的评分标准中的“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇”针对的是语言表达要多样化。
1. 词汇的使用
这里所说的“词汇”，可以从“高级词汇的使用”“同义词的使用”和“短语的使用”等三方面去理解。
（1）使用高级词汇
“评分标准”第五档要求中提到，“词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较高级词汇所致”。这里说的“高级词汇”，一般指的是大纲中没有列入或没有识记要求，但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇。需要说明的是，所谓高级词汇并不是所用单词越难越长越好，其特点应该是与众不同。常言道，见微知著，若能适当运用高级词汇，会给评判者留下更加深刻印象。如：
Qualified overseas students are welcome in China.
It will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents.
（2）使用同义词
英语中有些词汇使用频率非常高，如receive，advice，important，easy，good等词，这类词因同学们相当熟悉，在表达时往往会优先使用。但这些出现频率太高的词很容易令同学们的文章陷入“千人一面”的困境中，无法给阅卷老师留下深刻印象。因此，如果能够使用它们相应的同义词，避开这种重复现象，就可以做到“别具一格”，给人以清新的感觉。如：
高频句：We must do something good for our country.
同义句：We must make a contribution to our country. （用make a contribution to来代替do something good for）
（3）使用短语
与上相似的情况还有使用短语来代替简单词汇。例如：
高频句：He decided to start early the next morning.
短语句：He decided to make an early start the next morning.
高频句：We enjoyed talking about our experience after a long separation.
短语句：We enjoyed having a talk about our experience after a long separation.
2. 较复杂语言结构的使用
固定句式（如感叹句、复合结构、强调句型等）、从句和非谓语动词结构等都属于较复杂的“语法结构”。这些结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，以增加文章的节奏和韵律美，从而较好地反映写作者的语言运用能力。
高频句：We’ll meet at the bus station and go there by bike early in the morning.
改后句：Early in the morning we’ll meet at the bus station and go there by bike.
高频句：The old lady couldn’t help crying when she heard that her son died in the accident.
改后句：Hearing that her son died in the accident， the old lady couldn’t help crying.
高频句：We can do something good for our country only in this way.
改后句：Only in this way can we do something good for our country.
高频句：If we do so， our parents will be happy and proud of us.
改后句：If so， we’ll make our parents happy and proud of us.
[要求得体的语言表达]
“评分标准”要求考生注意“语言的得体性”，就是要求在表达时要根据说话的对象、时间、地点、场合等因素来选择使用恰当的英语表达形式。
1. 得体性对体裁和题材的要求
不同体裁和题材的文章有不同的用语要求。比如“书面通知”就不宜用“I will tell you a piece of good news.”或“May I have your attention， please？”等口语化的句子，这些句子只有用在“口头通知”中才得体。
2. 得体性对准确性的要求
准确性是指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，但是不少考生由于受汉语思维习惯的影响，在写作时自觉不自觉地产生不规范的表达。要做到准确、地道地表达文章，首先必须要掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中文式英语，在实践中不断总结中英表达差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。看以下句子：
Heart flower angry open. 心花怒放。
Please call my hand machine. 请给我打手机。
You parents very miss you. 你的父母非常想念你。
很明显，这些句子是在用英文套用中文。如何避免中文式英语，建议同学们多读多背，在精读中汲取营养，对于好的句子最好背诵下来，适时用于写作训练中。
[语篇要连贯]
高考书面表达“评分标准”指出，书面表达应该注意“上下文的连贯性”，并能“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”。这里说的连贯性，就是指通过连接词（包括并列连词、从属连词和连接性副词）、非谓语动词短语等语法成分，使两个或多个意义相互关联的事情或观点在同一个句子内得以表达，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。从而使整个段落或篇章浑然一体，连贯流畅。
关联词就是连贯语篇常用的手段之一。大家应熟记当然不能仅仅是and， then， but等词，还可以用其它来表示“启、承、转、合”的语篇连接词来丰富表达层次。因为好的关联词的恰当使用无疑能使全文过渡自然，令读者对后续的句子产生心理的期待和准备，增强句子间的逻辑性和紧凑性。当然，过渡词也不可滥用，否则就有画蛇添足之嫌。
总之，写好书面表达非一日之功，同学们只有在平时的学习中加强训练，同时掌握必要的解题方法，才能取得好的成绩。
随着现代科技的迅速发展，互联网已经成为生活和工作中必不可少的一部分。
2。 The harder you work at it， the more progress you will make。
你工作越努力，你取得的提高就越大。
(1)The+比较级。。。， the+比较级。。。
(2)比较级+and+比较级(The world is getting smaller and smaller。)
3。 If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment， the world will bee much more beautiful。
如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界会变得更加完美。
类似的句型还有：If necessary…， they can…
4。 The best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday。
记忆新单词最好的方法是每一天操练这些单词。
5。 The atmosphere in my family is fantastic
我的家庭气氛温馨和睦。
6。 The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful。
7。 I had a great first impression of American people。
我对美国人民有了很好的第一印象。
8。 We have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem。
我们对自我解决问题的本事有足够的信心。
9。 It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world。
在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是十分重要的。
同样句型包括：It is important(necessary， difficult， convenient， possible)for sb。 to do sth。
10。 You should read as many books as you possibly can。
11。 China is being more and more prosperous because of the reform and “opening up” policy。
由于实施了改革开放政策，中国变得更加繁荣了。
12。 We all need clean air to breathe; we all need clean water to drink; we all need green places to enjoy。
13。 Let’s work together to make our world a better place。
让我们一齐努力把世界变得更加完美。
14。 We should make full use of our time to do useful and productive things。
我们应当充分利用好时光去做有用的、富有成效的事。
15。 We should get into the good habit of using our time wisely。
我们应当养成一个好习惯，明智地利用时光。
16。 What I really want to know is whether he will go abroad next month?
我的确想明白的是，他是否会在下个月出国。
17。 Television is harmful to developing minds。
电视不利于开发心智。
18。 Children usually have far more potential than their parents had realized
孩子们都有很大的潜能，而父母却没有意识到这一点。
19。 In the past 10 years， great changes have taken place in our school。
在过去的里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。
20。 People who spend more time with their families are usually healthier and happier。
那些花更多时光和家人在一齐的人通常会更健康更幸福。
21。 The job was hard， which made me so tired that I almost quit half way。
这份工作太辛苦，差点使我半途而废。
(1)直接使用：so… that…
The job was hard， boring and seemed endless， which made me so tired that I almost quit half way。
这份工作太辛苦、太无聊，并且没完没了，这使我十分累，差点半途而废。
(2)能够增加句子层次的高级连词还有：
(Not only …but also…)、(Because…)、(because of…)、(As long as…)、(so long as…)
22。 The Red Star Television Factory， which produces TV sets of quality， was set up in the 1980’s。
生产高品质电视的红星电视机厂，始建于1980年。
23。 The E-reading room， where we can send e-mails to all parts of the world， is open to both teachers and students。
24。 I feel I will be fit for the job needed in your pany。
我感觉我会是你们公司所需要的人。
25。 The number of workers and engineers has risen(更高级词汇：increased) to over ， and 80% of them are college graduates。
工人和工程师的数量已超过了2000人，并且他们有80%都是大学学历。
26。 There is an increasing tendency that students own their mobile phones on campus。
在学校内，学生拥有手机的趋势在不断增长。
27。 Now in the rural areas， there are many children out of school。 I think one of reasons is that their families are too poor to afford their schooling。
现今，在农村地区还有很多孩子失学。我认为原因之一就是他们的家庭太贫困，而无法供应他们上学。
28。 People should pay more attention to the education of children because they will play a very significant (important) part(role) in the future of our country。
29。 In ， you will see Beijing as beautiful as a garden， with cleaner water and clearer sky。
到，我们会看到北京像花园一样，有着更加清澈的河水和碧透的天空。
30。 How nice to hear from you again。
能再次收到你的来信真是太好了。
31。 Your early reply will be highly appreciated。
敬盼早日回复。
I’m looking forward to meeting you in no time。
我期待与你早日相见。
32。 If you have any questions or requests， please let me know。
如果你有什么问题和请求只管跟我说。
33。 No matter what you do in the future， English will always be important。
不管你将来做什么，英语都是最重要的。
34。 Nothing is more important than to receive education。
没有什么比理解教育更重要的事了。
35。 There is no doubt that playing video game is going to be their biggest problem for students to affect study。
毫无疑问，玩电子游戏正在成为影响学生学习的最大问题。
36。 Obviously， it is high(about) time that we took some effective measures to solve the problem。
显然，早该采取一些进取的措施来解决问题。
写作高手使用的高难度表达：
I suggest the department concerned taking some effective measures to improve the present situation。
我提议有关部门采取一些有效措施改善现状。
37。 Since he went to senior high school， he has worked very hard。
自从他上高中，他一向很用功。
38。 We should spare no effort to beautify our environment。
我们应当不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
39。 Smoking has a great influence on our health。
40。 As a proverb says， ( As is well known to us，) storms make trees take deeper roots。
有句名言说道：风暴使树木深深扎根。
41。 It is a great honor for me to introduce to you one of my very best friend， Liu Xiang。
很荣幸给你介绍我的一位好朋友，刘翔。
42。 Coming from a family of English teachers， she always had a particular interest in English。
出于英语教师世家的她，对英语有着异常的兴趣。
描述人物性格的高级得分词汇如下：
diligent勤奋的energetic精力充沛的 humorous幽默的 attractive有吸引力的
modest谦虚的 optimistic乐观的talkative健谈的 enthusiastic热情的
43。 I have fully realized that English is essential to my future。
我充分认识到英语对我的未来是多么的重要。
44。 I suppose electronic dictionaries are convenient， but Iead to laziness!
我觉得电子字典很方便，但会使人们变懒。
45。 In conclusion， the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages。
总之，出国留学的优点要大于它的缺点。
46。 Now， I think it is really successful experience， and I totally understand what labor means。
47。 From this earthquake， I realized that the power of the mass is endless。
经过这次的地震，我认识到了群众的力量是无穷的。
解释：“群众的力量是无穷的”这句名言是我们自我造的，极具威力，然后再安在毛主席的头上，更显力量。最终为了增加真实性加上时光和地点，使判卷教师误以为真，根本不敢怀疑。于是，心想：“这个句子太棒了，我都没听说过!”
造句：In 1951 Chairman Mao said in Nan Jing that the power of the mass is endless。
48。 If you have spare time to visit my hometown， I’d be more than happy to be your guide。
49。 Nowadays， both teachers and parents worry a great deal about the student’s using the Internet。
如今，教师和家长都对学生上网现象极为担心。
50。 Views on the issue in question vary from person to person。
对于该问题的看法因人而异。
51。 We are blessed with new opportunities and faced with new challenges。
我们被赋予新的机会和面临着新的挑战。
52。 Thank you for your consideration。
53。 I really appreciate what you’ve done for my family and me。
我衷心感激你为我和我家人所做的一切。
We should be very grateful if you help our children with their English study。
54。 We will never forget the happy days we spent together。
我们永远都不会忘记在一齐度过的日子。
55。 Many people are being aware of the importance of exercising。
很多人开始意识到锻炼的重要性了。
56。 The talk will be given at the Lecture Hall on Oct。12th， starting at 3:30p。m。
报告将在10月12日3：30在报告厅举行。
57。 Students should know how to take advantage of their time。
学生应当明白如何利用他们的时光。
58。 I got sick and tired of doing the routine work day after day。
我厌倦了日复一日地做一些例行公事。
59。 Conquering English is not different from conquering a great mountain; both of them require determination， courage， and perseverance。
征服英语不亚于征服一座高山，都需要决心，勇气和毅力。
60。 I’m disappointed in the performance of our team at the sports meeting。
我对我们队在运动会上的表现感到失望。
61。 I’m very satisfied with what we have achieved so far。
到目前为止，我对我们取得的成绩很是满意。
I’m determined to…
I have made up my mind to plete the task。
62。 The city is located on the banks of the Long River。
这个城市位于长江畔。
63。 I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago。
两星期前收到了你的来信，我真是太高兴了。
64。 I’m writing to request more information about the day tour to London。
我写信是为了了解更多去伦敦旅行的信息。
65。 Recently， our class have had a heated discussion about whether it is necessary for middle school students to carry mobile phones to school。
66。 I wonder if you could tell me more about the trip。
我不明白你是否方便多告诉我一些有关旅行的事。
67。 It is certain that if there are fewer people driving， there will be less air pollution。
68。 I personally feel that teacher is the most important profession in the world。
我个人认为教师是世界上最重要的职业。
69。 We can’t imagine what the world is going to be without purified water。
我们无法想象没有纯净的水，这个世界会变成生么样貌。
70。 I was walking east along Park Road， when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street。
当我沿着公园路往东走的时候，有一个老人在街的另一边从公园里走出来。
71。 In the big city， there are more schools and hospitals are available for its people。
在大城市，有更多的学校和医院供人们使用。
72。 Some people think that we should read extensively。
有一些人认为，我们应当有选择性地阅读。
73。In my opinion， you should e back after you finish you studies abroad。
在我看来，你结束留学后应当回国。
74。 For another reason， I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after you parents as they are getting old。
75。 Classes in our school usually finish at four in the afternoon。
我们学校通常午时四点下课。
76。 I am so sorry that I won’t be able to attend tomorrow’s lecture on American history。
77。 While 25 minutes is spent on sports， only 12 minutes goes into housework。
花在教育锻炼上的时光是25分钟，仅有12分钟的时光用来做家务。
78。 Maybe you forgot you spent the money on something else yesterday afternoon。
你可能忘了昨日午时你花钱买了其他东西。
79。 Both governments and ordinary citizens should join hands to make this world a better place to live in， not only for ourselves， but also for future generations。
80。 I was deeply moved by the young boy， because I know Lei Feng is still living in our hearts。
81。 Many new houses had been built and roads had been widened。
82。 It is more than ten months since we last met。
从我们上次见面到此刻已经有十个多月了。
83。 It’s very nice of you to help me with my lessons every day。
每一天帮忙我复习功课，你真是太好了。
84。 Nothing can live without air and water。
没有空气和水，任何东西都不能生存。
85。 I prefer to live in the country rather than live in the city。
86。 People must be stopped from throwing dirty things into the river。
应阻止人们往河里扔脏东西。
87。 Peter sets aside some money every month so that he can buy a new car。
彼得每月留出一点钱以便购买一辆新汽车。
88。 Linda didn’t go to bed until midnight so that she could finish reading the book。
为了看完这本书，琳达直到午夜才睡。
89。 Early to bed and early to rise does good to your health。
90。 More and more people are aware that it is important to obey the traffic rules。
91。 Mrs。 Brown is an Australian woman teacher with fair hair and blue eyes， who has been to many places of China。
92。 On Sunday， May 18， we will visit Beijing， which has a history of 400 years。
5月8日，星期天，我们将会参观拥有400多年悠长历史的北京。
93。 I think students should balance well between work and study。
94。 Friendship is one of the most precious emotions in our life。
95。 It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever。 (适用于自编名言)
96。 Last but not least， it will definitely benefit the citizens。
97。 With the increasingly rapid economic growth， more problems are brought to our attention。
98。 The preservation of forests has aroused people’s wide concern
保护森林引发人们的广泛关注。
99。 As far as I’m concerned， I am in favor of the opinion that…
就我而言，我赞同…的观点
100。 Good habits are the crosscut to success。
诚实是有回报的
The net is increasingly popular
网络越来越流行 Students of universities and colleges Pop music appeals to me
我对流行音乐很感兴趣 Everything cuts both ways
任何事情都有两面性 English is intensely important=English matters much 1.As the economy advances at a fast pace, English plays an increasingly important role in our lives Simply put
简而言之
He believes women cannot be too thin
他相信女人再瘦也不为过
2.It pays to cultivat the innovative spirit among students of colleges and universities.3.On college campuses across the nation,playing online game is intensely popular.E-books/digital books/paperless books
电子书 Online courses/web courses
网络课程
A green campus=an environment-friendly campus 4.It pays to maintain a positive mental attitude when facing adverse situations.put in another way, remaining optimistic in adversities pays off.5.A growing number of college students are hopelessly addicted to matters unrelated to their studies, a worrying trend that should spark public attention.6.We are supposed to be fully aware of the fact that if we continue to harm the environment we are bound to pay heavily/dearly for it.7.As an ancient land enjoying a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years.China currently falls behind advanced countries on many fronts.On many fronts
在很多方面
8.It pays to foster the cooperative spirit on many fronts.9.Thanks to advances in technology and economy, a variety of/diversity of digital products, from mobile phone to digital camera, are intensely popular on the Chinese mainland.10.Recent years have witnessed the growing popularity of the topic of a green campus.11.The past decades have seen the fast-paced development of the nation’s economy.On doubly
毫无疑问的是
12.I doubt that she married him for money There is no doubt that=it is beyond doubt that…
13.There is no doubt that this reform is aimed at sharpening the competitive edge of the students in the tough job market.14.It is beyond doubt that far too many college students fail to be aware that achieving/striking a balance between entertainment and studies matters much.15.Undoubtedly, what you do on campus will have profound impact on you in the days ahead.Individual colleges and universities
各个大学
16.He bought/purchased/acquired this public company 17.With the nation’s economy still in the red, a growing number of college graduates find it is increasingly hard to land a decent job.Loving our country means more than words 18.On my personal level, effective measures should be taken to crack down on piracy/reverse the trend 19.We , college students, are supposed to take the leading role in fighting against this evil trend 20.Only by taking concrete moves can we enjoy a pollution-free environment.Making painstaking efforts
付出艰苦努力
21.Only by making painstaking efforts can we climb the social ladder higher.22.It is not uncommon that far too many Chinese fail to focus on details.place a high value on
重视
23.It is not uncommon that far too many Chinese students fail to place a high value on learning Chinese, their mother tongue The bulk of=the majority of
24.The bulk of Chinese take pride in the country’s abundant natural resources Do all in one’s power to
尽某人最大努力去…
25.While my command of English is not outstanding, I am doing all in my power to improve it Favor A over B
支持A而不支持B 26.While Romney won the first debate, I favor Obama instead of/rather than over him You deserve it
1.你应该获得
2.你活该 Digging into
仔细阅读
Stress A over B
强调A 而不强调B 27.Traditionally, Chinese education stresses mechanical thinking over creativity A to B is what C to D In an effort to=in order to
28.In an effort to reverse the trend, the government has pumped a wealth of resources into this campaign.Launch a campaign
发起运动
29.Personally, the government should launch a campaign to crack down on illegal manufactures Be designed to do=be aimed at doing Awaken sb to the crucial importance of sth
唤醒某人，某事的重要性
30.The government should awaken people across the nation to the crucial importance of respecting intellectual property rights Senior citizens
老人（尤指退休者）be responsible for
…的原因
31.The shrinking population is responsible for this trend.Get actively involved in
积极参与
32.In their leisure hours, they consume a good portion of time getting actively involved in serving as volunteers.It is virtually impossible for sb to do sth
某人做某事几乎是不可能的
33.It is virtually impossible for you to land a decent job without superb professional knowledge and an outstanding command of English.Nothing new
绝非先见，很常见
34.Devoting a good portion of leisure time to learning English is nothing new among my fellow students 35.Setting a grand goal but not taking concrete moves is nothing new among my peers.Be capable of
能够的，有能力的
36.Fat too many Chinese are incapable of thinking independently and critically 37.Others, however, are supportive of this campaign.Others, however, see a different picture.Claiming it pays to devote much time to taking optional courses Generate impacts
产生影响
sth concerns sb
某事使某人担心
38.How to reverse the trend concerns folks from every walk of life Every walk of life
各行各业
As the pillar of our society
作为我们社会的栋梁支柱
39.As the pillar of our society, we ,college students, should shoulder more responsibility to respect intellectual proerty rights/should take the leading role in serving as volunteers in the earthquake-stricken area.40.I am striving to earn more money to relieve my parents’ financial load
41.Folks from all walks of life should strive to play a part in building a pollution-free society Sharpen one’s edge
增强竞争力
42.Our course focuses on teaching the students how to sharpen their edge when taking the interview Last but definitely not the least
最后，但绝不是最不重要的
43.People focusing on immediate benefits are bound to pay dearly for it
44.Last but definitely not the least, our lack of attention on this issue is mostly responsible for it.Move oneself beyond
摆脱
45.It’s my hope that in my college days I could gradually move myself beyond my dependence on parents.In the hope of
以希望
46.I am doing all in my power to earn credits in the hope of graduating earlier.Lend A B’s support
B支持A 47.I sincerely hope that you could lend me your support in the election for class president.48.I sincerely hope that you could do everything you can to promote the environmental awareness among your fellow students.49.He , with his superb performance, is gaining growing popularity on campus.Giant leaps
巨大进步
50.Thanks to giant leaps in technology, could computing is gaining growing popularity across the world.51.If You Are The One, a TV reality show, is gaining growing popularity on the Chinese mainland.52.Sina weibo , the Chinese clone of Twitter, is gaining enormous popularity among net citizens.Enable sb to do sth
使某人能够干某事
53.The nets enables us to communicate with each other in ways that were beyond our imagination.Far outweigh
远远超过，远远大于
54.The strengths of the net far outweigh it’s weakness.55.The virtual world has generated far more positive impacts on us than negative ones.As sb put it
正如某人所言
56.As Kobe Bryant,a legendary figure of NBA, put it ,”it is the teamwork spirit that helps Los Angeles Lakers weather hard times all these years” Taste success
取得成功
57.Mo Yan ultimately tasted success.Be equipped with
拥有
58.High achievers are equipped with a wealth of personal qualities that others lack.A series of=a string of
59.School authorities attribute a string of suicides to our lack of attention on the students’ psychological mental health.60.He stays far ahead of his fellow students on many fronts thanks to his painstaking efforts Attach growing importance to(doing)sth
越来越重视某事
61.After having suffered some major setbacks in his career, he attaches growing importance to execution.As a consequence
结果 I would argue
我认为 At current stage
现阶段
Matter much more
重要的多
62.I would argue that at current stage studies matter much more than entertainment.Be closely linked to
与…有紧密联系
63.Whether you could taste success is closely linked to whether you have a strong will.I couldn’t care less about it
我不关心 I couldn’t care more about it
我很关心
This movie couldn’t be worse
很糟糕的电影 not simply…but…
不仅…而且 push up=drive up
推动某物上升 to be more specific
更具体地说
excessive exploitation
过度开发，过度开采
64.To be more specific, our excessive exploitation of natural resources not only costs us dearly in the short run but may generate profound negative impacts on future generations
In the short run
从短期看来 the post-90s generation
90后 turn around
扭转…趋势 pay lip service
只说不做
65.All parties involved in this pressing issue are supposed to stop paying lip service.Curb the prevalent trend
遏制（不好的）趋势 Wage campaigns
发起运动
Governments at all levels
各级政府 Bring…under control
控制…
66.Governments at all levels are supposed to wage massive campaign to bring the soaring commodity prices under control.Bear fruits
结果实
Bear the costs
承担成本
Bear the consequence
承担成本
一.对比选择型热点追踪
Study Abroad or in China?
There is no consensus of opinions among people as to whether students should study abroad or not.Some people are of the view that the youths should go overseas for further study if possible, while others take an opposite stand, firmly believing that it is of no necessity for students to study in a foreign country.Those people who maintain that it is good for students to go abroad for further study believe that diverse culture background can broaden students’ horizon.They also claim that overseas study can shape students’ personality because they are forced to deal with all kinds of difficulties by themselves.Nevertheless, the other people who contend that domestic education is good enough for students argue that our educational quality has been greatly improved during the past decade.They also point out that domestic education is convenient and economical.As far as I am concerned, the former opinion holds more weight.For one thing, it can strengthen the learners’ abilities to understand and communicate with people from other cultures.For another, the developed countries still have a lot advanced knowledge which is worth our study.When all the factors are examined, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that studying abroad if possible is advisable.二.问题解决型实例：2001年1月（How to Succeed in a Job Interview? 面试在求职过程中的作用、面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是„„），2000年1月（How I Finance My College Education?）1998年1月（My View on Fake Commodities）模板：With the development/improvement of(铺垫),(某一问题).It is necessary that(关注解决现象引出的问题很必要).On the one hand,(理由一).On the other hand,(理由二).Therefore, how to(承上启下句，要解决的问题)is worth paying attention.Firstly,(办法一).Secondly,(办法二).For example,(举例解释解决办法二).Thirdly,(办法三).In other words,(阐明解决办法三).In fact, the ways to(解决问题的办法多种多样)are countless.It’s time that(强调解决问题时不可待).真题演练：How to Succeed in a Job Interview?（2001年1月）
With the development of job market, job interview plays an important role in job-hunting.It is necessary that we should learn some tricks to perform better in a job interview.On the one hand, a job interview offers interviewees and interviewers respectively a chance to know each other within a very short time.On the other hand, excellent performance in an interview will enable the interviewees to exert a good impression on the interviewer and finally win the job.Therefore, how to succeed in job interview is worth paying attention.Firstly, interviewees should dress neatly and properly.Secondly, interviewees should be confident.For example, when asked about professional questions, interviewees should give a clear and definite answer.Thirdly, interviewees should have some knowledge about the company and the position they apply for.In other words, interviewees should prepare themselves something about the interview in advance so as to show that they attach vital importance to the job.In fact, the ways to succeed in a job interview are countless.It’s time that we laid stress on interview because it’s the first step of our work experience.热点追踪The Damage of Public Facilities公共设施破坏严重的问题亟待解决，2、解决办法有哪些，3、你的看法。
The Damage of Public Facilities
With the improvement of living standard, more and more public facilities, such as public telephone booths and ATMs have been installed in the streets.It is necessary that we have to pay attention to the damage of these public facilities.On the one hand, some people use them without care, which leads to inconvenience to others.On the other hand, the damaged public facilities stain the beauty of the city.Therefore, how to prevent public facilities from being damaged is worth paying attention.Firstly, public facilities should be made of hard materials so as to be more durable.Secondly, some devices should be adopted to protect them from being damaged.For example, like cars, we can install alarm devices in public facilities.Thirdly, from my point of view, it is essential that we civilize our citizens to behave morally.In other words, we should tell the citizens that it is shameful to destroy public facilities.In fact, the ways to reduce the damage of public facilities are countless.It’s time that we took most effective ones to protect them.三.观点论证型实例：2003年1月（It pays to be honest）、1999年1月（Don’t hesitate to say “No”）、1997年1月（Practice Makes Perfect）模板：It is true that(指出普遍存在的观点).However,(谈不同的观点).I think(提出自己的观点，即文章的论点).(过渡句，转向观点的论证，根据情况选择具体的词)can be listed as follows.Firstly,(论证理由一).Secondly,(论证理由二).For example,(举例具体说明理由二).Thirdly,(论证理由三).A case in point is that(举例具体说明理由三).It goes without saying that(转折句，提出执行该观点时应注意的事项).There is no doubt that(得出结论).In conclusion(总结全文).真题演练：It Pays to be Honest（2003年1月）
It is true that most of us value honesty highly.However, nowadays we often confront confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities and so on.I think that we should be honest because being honest is not only beneficial to ourselves but also to others and the whole society.The reasons can be listed as follows.Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends over a long period of time.Secondly, honesty, which is the traditional virtue of the Chinese people, can make our life easier and more harmonious.For example, consumers will not be afraid of being overcharged if dealers are honest, and thus dealers can win over more customers.Thirdly, honesty can make our society more stable.A case in point is that Singapore, a society featuring trustworthiness and integrity, has a comparatively low criminal rate.It goes without saying that being honest is of great benefit to both the community and individuals.There is no doubt that we should foster the spirit of honesty.In conclusion, laying stress on honesty will become the public morals in our society.四.图表说明型
实例：2002年6月，1991年6月模板:(概括性词语最近出现的总体现象)has become a common part of people’s life.And(题目要求讨论的具体现象)has always aroused the greatest concern.What impresses us most is(现象的具体表现).The reasons（现象或现象带来的结果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫）are varied.Among the various reasons,(原因一)plays an important part.That is to say,(具体说明原因一).What is more,(原因二).For example,(举例说明原因二).When talking about(作者要讨论的现象),(作者的看法).On the one hand,(支持看法的理由一或说明看法的第一个方面).On the other hand,(支持看法的理由二或说明看法的第二个方面).In brief,(总结).真题演练：Student use of computers（2002年6月）
Using computers has become a common part of people’s life.And the tremendous growth of student use of computers has always aroused the greatest concern.What impresses us most is that, in 2000, college students averagely spent 20 hours per week on computer, which is the size more than ten times that of ten years ago.The reasons why computers are widely used are varied.Among the various reasons the decreasing price of PC plays an important part.That is to say, more students can afford a personal computer.What is more, the Internet provides college students an amazing world to explore, For example, people can get the latest news and information as well as conveniently make friends around the world.When talking about disadvantages and problems existing in student use of computers, I think that their lack of skills and disciplines is the point we should pay attention to, On the one hand, their lack of skills fails students to make full use of the computer and the Internet.On the other hand, their lack of necessary disciplines makes some students indulge in computer games and net world, and even other negative materials, forgetting their major tasks as college students.In brief, there is still a lot to do to help students make good use of computers.热点追踪：Cheating in Exams学生作弊现象越来越严重，2、作弊的原因，3、如何杜绝作弊。
Cheating in Exams
Trying to defeat the cheat has become a common part of people’s life.And cheating in exams on campus has always aroused the greatest concern.And cheating in exams on campus has always aroused the greatest concern.What amazes us most is that many methods are adopted by students.The reasons for cheating in exams are varied.Among the various reasons, to get higher scores or scholarships plays an important part.That’s to say, some students are under great pressure from their parents or they fear to fall behind others, so they to get high scores in exams.What is more, some students just play the time away and want to pass the exams without efforts.For example, they spend the whole night playing PC games but fall asleep in the class.When talking about how to deal with cheating in exams, I think education and punishment might work.On the one hand, we should explain the harm of cheating to the students.On the other hand, punishment or penalty should be given to those who have been found cheating.In brief, we should try our best to put an end to cheating.五.应用文A：批评、抱怨、投诉信：Dear,My name is(姓名).I am(身份).I venture to write you a letter about(表述抱怨内容).The focus of the complaint is(抱怨内容的核心点).For one thing,(抱怨内容的一个方面).For another,(另一方面).Honestly speaking,(客观评论).But(抱怨产生的原因之一).Besides,(抱怨产生的原因之二).All in all, there is still much room for improvement(总结说明所抱怨现象或事物还有很大改进空间).I do hope(表达本人的愿望).Thank you for your time and kind consideration.(信件结尾常用语)
Sincerely Yours,Signature
真题演练：2002年1月假如你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
A Letter to the Editor of a Newspaper
Dear Editor,My name is Li Ming.I am a senior junior student of the civil engineering school in this university.I venture to write you a letter about the canteen service on campus, which has given rise to many complaints among students..The focus of the complaint is the poor quality of the food.For one thing, the rice is hard, the steamed breads are usually sold cold and vegetables are often overcooked.For another, the prices of the foods are surprisingly high..Honestly speaking, the dining environment has been improved since last year.But there are still enough space and seats for us to have our meals there.Besides, the attitude of the canteen staff is not hospitable at al.All in all, there is still much room for improvement.I do hope we will not suffer another year.Thank you for your time and kind consideration.Sincerely yours,Li Ming
B：建议信模板Dear
I am delighted to learn that(写信的原因).It(引出作者的建议).In my opinion,(表达建议内容).On the one hand,(提出建议的理由
一).On the other hand,(建议的理由二).As to the(具体到某一方面的建议内容), I suggest().If(供被建议人选择的条件).It is unnecessary for you to(建议内容的另一方面).In addition,(其它的建议).I am sure(对建议内容的评价).Please inform me(对建议内容所做的承诺).I am looking forward to(表达本人的愿望).Sincerely Yours,Signature
真题演练：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying.Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the weeklong holiday.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1、表示欢迎，2、提出对度假安排的建议，3、提醒应该注意的事项。
A letter to a schoolmate
一、注重积累, 夯实基础
现在, 我省的高中阶段学生, 无论城乡, 生活都比较单一, 基本上是从家到学校的两点一线, 或者全日制住宿。社会接触少, 亲身体验少、生活经验少;因此, 如何引导他们在日常生活中积累素材, 使自己的作文言之有物是关键之一, 但也成为难点所在。针对这种情况, 我们应该在平时的英语课堂上加强引导, 让他们有意识地关心身边的人和事, 并去分析这些人和事背后的真相, 做到“情感体验, 远离淡漠”。除了要对学生进行有针对性的写作指导外、关注生活外, 还应鼓励学生广泛阅读, 在阅读练习中, 丰富词汇、培养语感、提高阅读速度、扩大词汇量, 在潜移默化中将这些日常积累和阅读所习得的名言警句实际运用到自己的日常写作中。因此应鼓励学生选择适合于自己的读物。日积月累, 定能提高。在阅读优秀作品时, 要做有心人, 把文章中的精彩词句和段落记录下来, 反复斟酌和阅读, 并努力把别人写得好的句子灵活地变成自己的表达, 为自己所用。说到底, 语言表达的学习过程就是平常不断积累的过程、不断模仿的过程、不断实践提高的过程。写作的过程就是将平时积累出的精彩语句灵活运用, 所谓, 学以致用, 就是这个意思。
二、限时训练, 巧用技巧
因为高考作文时间限定在25分钟, 所以平时训练时, 要注意时间的控制, 严格规定学生在既定时间内完成。这一步是关键, 也是学生的难关。可能在开始时不太适应, 一段时间之后就习惯。随着学生写作能力增强, 时间相应缩短, 决不能养成拖拉的坏习惯。其次是写作技巧指导, 要让学生明确写作概念和写作目的, 需要注重并掌握要领, 文章的开头很重要, 若能用一些特殊的结构或技巧就能给批阅老师留下好印象, 从而有利于文章的整体得分。在写作训练过程中, 要注重掌握下列技巧: (1) 学会通过分句和合句, 来增强句子的连贯性和表现力。不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的结构出现, 可以把状语置于句首, 或用分词等多重表达句型。 (2) 在整篇文章中, 避免句式单一, 灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语介词短语等。 (3) 避免重复使用同一单词或词组, 确定文章的表述人称和基本时态, 注意主谓一致原则。 (4) 学会使用过渡词, 避免生搬硬套。
三、坚持写作实践, 注重学生互评
“罗马不是一天建成的”, 英文表达能力必须通过长期的、大量的反复的、有意识的实践才能获得真正提高。如果实践不够, 即使学生完全掌握了课堂上所学的语言知识, 也懂得了一定的写作技巧, 表达时也会出现前后语病连连, 不符逻辑的现象。“纸上得来终觉浅, 绝知此事要躬行”是英文表达提高中有效的方法。在大量实践的基础上, 注重写作的自主性, 即让学生进行作文互评, 这是一个很能提高学生语感的实践活动, 教师在写作教学中, 如果能够灵活运用, 将对写作效果起到事半功倍的作用。另外, 学生英语基础不扎实是作文部分得不到高分的主要原因, 要得高分, 必须先从基础抓起, 加强基础语法与句型的训练, 打好坚实的语言基础。一方面使学生对写作知识有足够的掌握, 为他们打下扎实的技巧基础。另一方面让学生在互评作文的过程中, 对写作及其修改或有更深入的认识, 不断加强作文写作水平。学生在互评过程中, 在乐于找错误、挑毛病的过程中, 也会去留意自己的表达方式。因而, 长期的互评训练在减轻教师工作负担的同时, 又有助于提高学生的实际表达能力。
总之, “冰冻三尺, 非一日之寒”。英语写作能力的提高并非是一蹴而就的。如果从高一开始, 我们在英语课堂上就对上述三个写作实践环节进行有意识的关注, 并且能应用到课堂中去, 通过三年的坚持, 就一定会取得非常好的效果。
摘要：笔者已从事高中英语教学10多年, 结合高考作文历年来的教学体验, 以及新课程高考作文新标准, 学生高考英语作文分数的提高还是有法可循的。一、注重积累, 夯实基础;二、限时训练, 注重技巧;三、坚持写作实践, 注重学生互评。
关键词：高考作文新课程实践写作
参考文献
[1]曹丽.提高高三学生英语书面表达能力的方法探讨[J].常州师范专科学校学报, 2003, (3) .
[2]崔德志.浅谈中学英语写作技巧[J].海外英语, 2011, (5) .
[3]许国申.中美两篇高考满分作文比较[J].语文考试指导, 2007, (4) .
[4]张桂锋.浅谈如何写好高考英语作文[J].阜阳职业技术学院学报, 2006, (4) .
英语书面表达既考查考生对词汇、语法和语篇等的语言运用能力，也考查考生对体裁、题材、结构等的操控能力。书面表达经常涉及的体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文，但是不管哪种体裁，高考英语高分作文都有些共同点，即符合高考英语书面表达评分标准中最高档次的四点要求：（1）覆盖所有内容要点；（2）应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；（3）语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂或较高级词汇所致，具备较强的语言运用能力；（4）有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，完全达到了预期的写作目的。从以上要求来看，高考英语书面表达对考生语言能力的考查多过对文章结构的考查。相对而言，文章结构要简单得多，而且往往有模式可套用，一般突击训练就可掌握。但语言能力需要日积月累，不是一朝一夕就能达到的。因此，我们有必要对高分作文的语言亮点进行分析，引导教师在日常教学中对学生进行有针对性的书面表达训练，从而提高考生的书面表达成绩。
我们依据高考英语书面表达评分标准，采取基于文本的研究方法，以高三学生实际书面表达为研究对象，对高分作文进行分析，分析的对象包括高级词汇、句式结构、连接成分、格言谚语和修辞手法等，分析结果为提高高中英语写作教学的针对性和有效性提供借鉴。
二、 研究设计
1. 研究样本
本研究所用语料为南京市2012届高三统测试卷的400篇高三学生议论文，题目为“How to deal with safety problems?”，属于漫画作文。评卷工作由市教研室统一组织，按高考阅卷流程进行，因此分数具有较高的信度和效度。作文满分为25分，样本作文的分值在20.5～23.5分之间，均为高分作文。
2. 研究工具和设计
本研究使用的工具为词汇统计软件Range和语料库检索软件Wordsmith 5.0。Range软件用于提取出高分作文中出现的高级词汇，而Wordsmith 5.0则通过它的cluster（词簇）功能，进行句式结构、连接成分、格言谚语和修辞手法的分析。
文本分析工具Range是Nation等人以词频为基础设计的可用于分析文本中词汇深度和广度的计算机词汇统计软件。Laufer & Nation率先设计出词频分析程序并证实词频量表的有效性。［1］Range软件自带了三个基本词汇表，我们先将原来的词表删除，又自制了三个词表，其中表1为《普通高中英语课程标准》（以下简称《课标》）要求的七级词，表2为《课标》要求的八级词，表3为《2012年普通高校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）说明》（以下简称《高考说明》）中出现的《课标》七级词和八级词之外增加的考试词汇。表1和表2词汇构成了《课标》词汇，表1、表2和表3词汇构成了《高考说明》词汇，即高中学生参加高考需要掌握的考试必备词汇，不在表内的词汇是超出《高考说明》的词汇，亦即非必备词汇。从高中学生对单词的掌握实际出发，我们将表3和表外词汇归为高级词汇。
在对文本进行分析前，根据语料库检索的要求需要进行文本的预处理。先是文本准备，将己经完成评分的语料保存为文本格式，然后对语料进行以下人工处理：（1）去掉人名、地名等专有名词；（2）去掉数字、破折号；（3）去掉无法识别的单词；（4）改正文本中简单拼写错误的单词。在预处理后，分别运用Range软件和Wordsmith 5.0进行词汇、句式结构等的检索和统计。
三、 研究结果及分析
1. 高级词汇
Range软件的统计结果显示，400篇作文的总词数为67792词，其中《课标》七级词占了92.07%，《课标》八级词占了2.93%，《高考说明》补充词汇占了1.61%，表外词汇占了3.39%。下面，列举样本中出现的部分高级词汇（见表1）。
2. 句式结构
将Wordsmith 5.0中cluster（词簇）自动析出的所有词簇进行手工筛选，我们发现it结构、there结构、with和without结构、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、倒装和强调等常见结构出现频率较高（见表2）。
由于篇幅所限，仅以作文的开头句检索的结果进行说明。检索发现，以as引导的非限制性定语从句、以what引导的主语从句以及强调和倒装的句式结构最为常见。
如以as引导的定语从句主要有以下几种：（1） As is shown/illustrated/revealed in the picture；（2）As the picture shows/illustrates/reveals/mirrors；（3）As we can see/As can be seen in the picture。以上表达都表示“如图所见”。另外，开头句中，不仅出现了as引导的定语从句，而且还出现了非谓语动词作伴随状语、全部倒装、定语从句以及with的复合结构。比如：（1）As is vividly shown in the picture, two men are sitting in a boat, talking happily. （2）As is vividly shown in the picture, inside a boat sat two men who were feeling relaxed. （3）As is vividly shown in the picture, near the coconut tree lies a boat where the two men stay. （4） As is revealed in the cartoon, two men are lying in a little boat on the grass with comfort.
再如，what引导的主语从句有：（1） What the picture shows is that two men are sitting in a boat under a coconut tree. （2） What is illustrated in the picture is that two men are sitting in a boat on a small island. （3） What we can reveal from the picture is that there are two men sitting in a boat, talking leisurely. 这些开头句不仅包含有what引导的主语从句，还有that引导的表语从句和非谓语动词作伴随状语的句式结构。
其他常见的开头句还有：（1）In the picture stands a coconut tree, a coconut is falling down. （2）The picture shows that two men are sitting in a boat lying on the ground with no water under it. （3）This picture illustrates some people’s wrong attitude towards safety problems, which is aimed to arouse people’s awareness of safety issues. （4）There are two persons chatting with each other under a coconut tree in this picture. （5）However, so fast does the economy develop today that it seems people tend to share the opinion that they are always safe.这些开头句也使用了全部倒装、非谓语动词作定语、定语从句、there be结构和it结构。
可以看出，高分作文中固定句型以及各种从句的大量运用，为作文增添了光彩。
3. 连接成分
检索发现，常见的用于列举的句型主要有以下三种。
（1）However, ... may cause/contribute to safety problems. Firstly, it is ... Secondly, ... Finally, ... So, it is obvious that ... has its strengths and weaknesses.
（2）The explanation for this problem involves many factors. For one thing/On the one hand, ... For another/On the other hand, ... Still ...
（3）To start with, ... Furthermore/Besides, ... What’s more/Moreover/In addition/Additionally/Also, ... On top of this, ...
检索发现，高分作文不仅有清新漂亮的开头、内容翔实的列举，而且作文结尾句多变的句型也是必不可少的。作文结尾句型主要有以下三种。
（1）On the whole/To sum up, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ...
（2）As is said/analyzed above, we can draw a conclusion that ...
（3）In a word/To sum up/All in all/, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ... Only in this way/by doing so/if/when ... can ... in the future.
可以看出，句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地使用一些过渡词语，使上下文连贯自然、流畅，结构紧凑，避免脱节现象，使文章更具有条理性和逻辑性，层次更加分明，从而达到更好的表达效果。［2］
4. 格言谚语
通过筛选，我们发现，高分作文中出现了很多格言谚语的表达，有些学生还对格言谚语进行适当更改后变为己用，现摘录如下。
（1） “Think twice before action.”（三思而后行）用来强调“人们采取措施时，需要谨慎的态度”。
（2） “Safety always comes first.”（安全第一）将“come first”这个惯用结构创造性地使用，比“Safety plays a vital role in our daily life”要简洁有力，而且非常形象。
（3） “A chain is no stronger than its weakest link.”“The strength of the chain is in the weakest link.”（一环薄弱，全局必垮）精确地强调了“解决安全隐患的重要性和必要性”。
（4） “To my mind, it’s not wise for people to be over-optimistic. As the saying goes, don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.”先说“在我看来，人们过于乐观是不明智的”这个结论，然后用“小鸡孵出之后才算数”来形象说明。
（5） “God helps those who help themselves.”（自助者天助之）“Never wait for rainy days to fix the roof.”（莫要等到屋漏才修屋顶）“Keep something for a rainy day.”（未雨绸缪，有备无患）“Make hay while the sun shines.”（趁热打铁，把握时机）这些谚语都很好地阐述了“面对安全问题，要有忧患意识，要及早采取措施”的观点。
（6） “Every coin has two sides, and the safety problem is not an exception.”从“任何事情都有两面性”来转换角度，加上作者自己的“and ...”部分来引入对“弊端”的阐述。
在写作中恰当地引用名言、警句和格言，能使作文与众不同，如同鹤立鸡群。英语中的格言和警句表达生动，言简意赅，能为写作起到锦上添花之效。［2］
5. 修辞手法
高分作文中还出现了比喻、排比和仿拟等修辞手段。如：Most of the time, people are short-sighted, only seeing the situation on the ground without knowing the potential danger. 用“short-sighted”比拟了“人们对安全问题缺乏远见”。再如，“In their efforts to guarantee safety, they had to make up a ‘scene’ that convinced them they do live in a certain paradise.”将“没有忧患的生活”比作“paradise”。
高分作文中还出现了多处对格言“Where there is a will, there is a way”的仿拟。如：Where there is no water, there are no worries of safety. Where there is a challenge, there is a chance.
“人靠衣装，美靠靓妆”，作文得高分要靠精彩语言妆。修辞语言的巧妙运用，就是使语言靓起来的一条有效途径。［3］
四、 启示
近年来，高考英语书面表达“正确已被高级所替代”，所以要想取得高分，文章中必须有几处足以吸引人的“亮点”。高级词汇的选用、复杂句式的运用、名句或谚语的自然引用等，一定会使作文增色不少。作为得分点的“亮点”能够折射出学生的语言内蕴和功底，从而拔高作文得分档次。［4］因此，教师在写作教学中应加强语言内涵的教学，指导学生进行相关知识的不断积累，精心选择好的范文，让学生在平时多背诵英语作文的范文，同时在作文训练中坚持不懈地练习和模仿，以提升学生的语言综合运用能力。
参考文献：
［1］ LAUFER B, NATION I S P. Vocabulary size and use: Lexical richness in L2 written produc?鄄 tion ［J］. Applied Linguistic, 1995(3): 307-322.
［2］ 胡壮麟．语篇的衔接与连贯［M］．上海：上海外语教育出版社，1994.
［3］ 何承全，刘奇志. 摆脱平庸打造英语作文高分“亮点”［J］. 郧阳师范高等专科学校学报，2010（4）：118-121．
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