人教版高一英语必修一知识点总结

2024-11-15 版权声明 我要投稿

人教版高一英语必修一知识点总结(共7篇)

人教版高一英语必修一知识点总结 篇1

(1)add

① add …to… 把…添加…/把…加起来

② add up to 共计,总共

③ add to 增添

(2)upset

过去式:upset 过去分词:upset 现在分词:upsetting

adj.心烦意乱的,不安的,不适的

be upset about/over 为某事心烦、不安

be upset that 心烦

vt.使不安,使心烦

It upsets sb that 让某人心烦的是

It upsets sb to do sth 做某事使某人不安

(3)concern

vt. 使担心,顾虑,涉及,关系到

n. 担心,关注,利害关系

①as far as sb/sth + be concerned 就某人而言,对于某人来说

as far as I am concerned 就我而言,对于我来说

as far as he is concerned 对他来说

as far as English is concerned 关于英语,对于英语

②be concerned about/for 关心,挂念

have no concerned about/for

③be concerned in/with 涉及到,与…有关

have no concerned in/with

(4)go through

①经历,遭受,忍受 go through one difficulty after another.经历一个又一个困难。

②仔细检查,审查 go through your paper 检查你的试卷。

③浏览,翻阅 go through all the related reference.浏览相关资料。

④通过,穿过=pass through go through a great forest.穿过一片大森林。

⑤完成 go through the task.完成任务。

(5)suffer

①suffer 作“遭受”时,后面直接接pain, loss, injury, harm或 punishment.

②suffer 作“受…苦”时,常常搭配:suffer from

(6)get/be tired of 厌烦…

get/be/feel tired of sb / sth / doing sth 厌烦

be tired from 由于…而疲劳(体力上的疲劳),侧重原因

be tired out 精疲力竭的

(7)join in 参加,加入

区别join ,join in ,attend 与 take part in:

join:多指加入组织,团体,党派等,有作为其中一员的意思。例:join the army 参军

join in:参加某项游戏,活动,讨论等。常用结构:join sb in

例:Will you join us in a walk?

attend:参加会议,婚礼,葬礼,上课,讲座,听报告等。

例:attend a lecture 参加一个讲座。

take part in:多指参加群众性的活动,运动,战争等。

人教版高一英语必修一知识点总结 篇2

本单元教学内容复杂, 史实密集, 头绪多, 史与论混合, 教学难度颇大。对于学生来说, 初中阶段中国古代史基础知识相对薄弱, 加之经济史内容相对枯燥乏味, 因此教学难度更大。倘若教学中完全依赖教材叙述, 按部就班、一点一滴地施教和学习, 其结果学生仍是学得一塌糊涂, 很难达到良好的教学效果。那么, 如何做才能有效地实现本单元知识教学目标呢?笔者在教学实践中进行了反复思考和探究, 以课程标准中对本单元知识目标要求为纲领, 以教材内容为依托, 采取优化教学内容, 细化知识要点的措施, 宏观梳理古代中国三大行业经济发展概貌及其特点, 微观剖析重要历史现象和概念的教学方法, 取得了较好的教学效果。在此加以论述, 以期与同仁们共同探讨。

一、列表归纳, 系统直观梳理古代中国三大行业经济发展概貌

“知道古代中国农业、手工业、商业经济发展概貌”是课标的基本要求之一。虽然教材对古代中国三大行业经济的发展分别做了大篇幅叙述, 但教材叙述较分散, 学生难以系统把握和对比性地掌握。因此, 笔者在教学中采用列表归纳的方式, 横向突出要点, 纵向进行比较, 系统直观地梳理古代中国三大行业经济发展概貌。

1. 古代中国农业发展概貌

2. 古代中国手工业三种经营形态

3. 古代中国商业发展概貌

二、由此及彼, 多角度全方位梳理古代三大行业经济发展特点

“了解古代中国三大行业经济发展特点”是课标的另一基本要求, 目的在于让学生对古代中国三大行业经济的起源、生产组织、经营方式、技术水平、行业门类、世界地位等方面有宏观认识和整体把握。教材对这部分知识没有具体文字, 这就要求教师在教学中要善于引导学生概括总结, 从而解决问题, 并训练能力。

(1) 古代中国农业经济发展的特点。 (1) 中国是世界农业起源地之一, 培育和种植的农作物种类繁多, 农耕文明长期居于世界先进水平。 (2) 古代中国农业独立发展, 自成体系。种植业和家畜饲养业相结合, 种植业为主, 家畜饲养业为辅。 (3) 古代中国传统农业耕作方式为铁犁牛耕, 实行精耕细作的耕作方法, 不断改进生产工具和生产技术。 (4) 男耕女织的小农经济是中国传统农业社会生产的基本模式。以家庭为生产生活单位, 农业和家庭手工业相结合, 是男耕女织, 自给自足的自然经济。

(2) 古代中国手工业发展的特点。 (1) 历史悠久, 源远流长。原始社会晚期, 手工业脱离农业, 形成独立的生产部门。 (2) 夏商周时期, 手工业由官府垄断。春秋战国时期, 逐步形成官营手工业、民营手工业、家庭手工业三种经营形态。 (3) 手工业部门不断增加, 手工业技术不断进步, 劳动分工不断细密。 (4) 手工业生产规模不断扩大。明朝中后期, 民营手工业中产生了资本主义萌芽, 出现了手工工场。 (5) 手工业地域分布广泛, 随着经济重心南移, 地域分布重心也发生相应变化。 (6) 中国古代手工业技术长期领先于世界, 产品远销亚、欧、非地区, 广受赞誉。

(3) 古代中国商业发展的特点。 (1) 我国商业起源早, 逐步发展繁荣。古代商业产生于先秦时期, 初步发展于秦汉时期, 隋唐时期有了进一步发展, 到宋元时期商业经济达到空前繁荣。 (2) 中国古代商业是在历代政府重农抑商政策的压制下求得生存和发展的, 商人社会政治地位低下, 商业作为自然经济的补充而存在。 (3) 国内贸易、边境贸易和对外贸易等全面发展。商业发展促使都市、城镇大量兴起。 (4) 古代金融发达, 类似于银行的柜房、类似于汇票的飞钱和纸币很早就出现。 (5) 古代对外贸易以朝贡贸易为主, “厚往薄来”。 (6) 古代商人组织历经宗族亲缘组织和业缘组织到地缘组织的发展变化, 明清时期地域性的商人群体——“商帮”出现。

三、由表及里, 全面准确剖析重要历史现象和历史概念

本单元涉及许多重大历史现象和历史概念, 例如男耕女织的小农经济、资本主义萌芽、土地兼并、重农抑商、“海禁”与“闭关锁国”政策等等。这些知识不仅是教学的重点难点问题, 而且也是高考命题的热点问题, 因此教学意义重大。对于这些历史现象和历史概念的教学, 应从原因、内容、实质和影响等方面由表及里、全面准确地剖析, 最好选择典型例题强化训练。

关于小农经济。 (1) 全面分析形成原因:根本原因——生产力的发展 (铁犁牛耕的出现) ;直接原因——封建土地私有制的确立。 (2) 从生产单位、生产结构、生产目的等角度掌握其特点。 (3) 强调性质——自给自足的自然经济, 中国传统农业社会生产的基本模式。 (4) 从生产力与生产关系、个体农民处境等角度对其进行认识、评价。

关于资本主义萌芽。 (1) 分析出现的原因。 (2) 知道出现的时间、地点、部门、标志。 (3) 重点剖析缓慢发展的原因:根本原因——腐朽的专制制度, 自然经济的封闭性。其他原因:农民贫困, 国内市场狭小;重农抑商政策、闭关锁国等政策的阻碍和影响等。

关于土地兼并现象。 (1) 分析根源———土地私有和土地买卖制度。 (2) 了解表现, 分析影响。 (3) 知道北魏至唐朝前期、明朝等时期政府抑制土地兼并的典型措施。 (4) 本质上认识:土地兼并是我国封建社会普遍存在的现象, 是客观经济规律的必然结果。封建国家在不触动地主土地私有制的前提下不可能从根本上抑制土地兼并。

关于“重农抑商”政策。 (1) 知道其含义、原因、目的及商鞅最早提出。 (2) 掌握西汉武帝、明清时期重农抑商的措施, 并触类旁通, 概括封建社会重农抑商的基本措施。 (3) 运用两点论, 从封建社会的早晚期以及客观经济发展规律等方法全面剖析其影响。

关于清代“闭关锁国”政策。 (1) 全面剖析实施原因:根本原因——自给自足的自然经济的特点决定, 客观原因——西方殖民者向东方殖民扩张, 直接原因——对付东南沿海的抗清斗争, 主观原因——“天朝上国”思想。 (2) 准确把握含义:严格限制海外贸易, 并不是禁绝海外贸易。 (3) 运用两点论全面分析其影响。

总之, 教的目的是为了学生的学, 教学的成败取决于学生对教学内容学习掌握的效果。针对不同的教学内容采取适当的教学方法, 是收获良好的教学效果的捷径。只要我们善于思考, 勇于探索, 我们就会如鱼得水, 灵活驾驭教学内容, 收获良好的教学效果。

摘要:新课标人教版高中历史必修②第一单元教学内容知识点复杂, 头绪零乱, 教学难度颇大。为了有效地实现本单元知识教学目标, 可以采取优化教学内容, 细化知识要点的措施, 宏观梳理古代中国三大行业经济发展概貌及其特点, 微观剖析重要历史现象和概念的教学方法, 以取得良好的教学效果。

人教版高一英语必修一知识点总结 篇3

挑战自我,决战期末。

新课标必修1 Unit1 Friendship 重点词组:

be good to 对...友好 add up 合计 another time 改时间 get sth done 使...被做 calm down 镇定下来 have got to 不得不 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 hide away 躲藏;隐藏 be concerned about 关心;挂念 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 go through 经历;仔细检查 set down 放下;记下 a series of 一系列;一套 be crazy about 对...着迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 为了 face to face 面对面地 get along with 与...相处 pack up 收拾,打理行装 according to 按照;根据„所说 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见;做„有困难

communicate with sb 和...交际 throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊 try out 试验;试用 join in 参加(活动)far and wide 到处 look to sth 注意,留心某事 fall in love 相爱 ignorant of 无知

cheat sb(out)of sth 骗取某人某物 have the/a habit of doing sth 有做...的习惯 句子归纳:

1.I wonder if...我想知道是否......2.It’s because...这是因为.......此从句中because不能用since或as 代替 3.What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢? 4.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.=While you were walking the dog,...在遛狗时,你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子,结果狗被车撞了。(当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时,可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。)5.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗? 6.I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我已经很久不能去户外,所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。

7.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我记得非常清楚,曾有一段时间,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花,从未使我心醉神迷过。

8.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。

9.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.如果您给我提些建议,我会非常感谢的。(I would be grateful if...委婉客气提出请求)10.It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.记日记对你来说是个好习惯 11.Shefound it difficult to settle and„ 12.This series of readers is very interesting.13.A friend in need is a friend indeed.14.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.Unit2 重点词组:

in...ways 在......方面 such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你 come up with 提出 come up to a place 参观某地 ever before 从前 even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在......末期 be based on 在...基础上 close to 距离„近change...into 把......变成 in the early days 在早期 take...with...随身携带 the same...as 与......相同的 at present 目前

be absent from 缺席 be present at 在席;出席 carry out a rule 执行规则 be a native of 是......人 at sb’s request 应某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 请求 request that...(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一个方向 give commands 命令 be different from 与......不同 i n the 1600’s = in the 1600s as a rule 通常;照例 be native to 是......的土产动物/植物 as we know 正如我们所知 an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织

play a role/ part(in)在„中担任角色;在......中起作用;扮演一个角色;参与 play an important role/ part 在„中起重要作用 because of 因为;由于 come up(vi)走进;上来;发生;被讨论 make(good/ full)use of(好好/充分)利用

from one place to another 从一处到另一处 present sth to sb / present sb with sth 句子归纳:

1.However, they may not be able to understand everything.(然而,他们可能不是什么都懂。)2.This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)3.All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.(当不同文化互相沟通时,所有的语言都会发生变化。)4.What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。此处what引导宾语从句)5.Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.(实际上,当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。)6.Those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.7.The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。美国是一个大国,国内说着许许多多的方言。

8.There is more than one kind of English in the world.(more than one+单数可数名词,作主语时,谓语用单数)9.It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。)句型:It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是„ 扩充:It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth 当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for;若形容词修饰sb,则用of.eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.附:

1.either„or„和neither„nor„连接两个名词作主语,谓语动词采取就近原则。2.be different in 强调在某方面的不同

be different from 强调在各方面的不同 3.in the end 最后,最终 后无of 结构 三个表示最后最终的用法:

⑴finally: 按照顺序的最后,常与first, secondly 等连用 ⑵at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后 ⑶in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力,终于„ 如:战争等

4.与人交谈,常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形,遇到这种情况该如何开口呢? ⑴Pardon? ⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.对不起,我没听懂,请再说一遍好吗? ⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗? ⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗? 5.include ─ including;included identity ─ identify actually ─ actual(adj);apidly ─ rapid(v)government(n)─ govern(v)wide(adj)─ widen(v);broad(adj)─ broaden(v)foreign ─ foreigner;solve(v)─ solution(n)6.petrol----gas lift----elevator;flat----apartment film----movie;sweets----candy;post---mail Unit3 Travel Journal 重点词组: one-way fare 单程票 round-trip fare 往返票 graduate from 从...毕业

care about 忧虑,关心 care for喜欢,照顾 care to do愿意/同意做某事give in(vt)上交 give in(to)投降;屈服;让步 give up 放弃

give up doing/sth as usual 像往常一样 at midnight 午夜 at an altitude of 在...海拔上 attitude to/ toward(s)对...态度 change one’s mind 改变主意 to my mind = in my opinion make camp 野营,宿营 make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事 put up one’s tents 搭起帐篷 sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉 sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事 go for long bike rides 做长途自行车旅行 persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事 determine to do sth(动作)/ be determined to do sth(心理)决心干某事 get sb interested in 使某人对...感兴趣 insist on(one’s)sth/ doing sth 一定要;坚持要

the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事 for one thing...for another(用来引出某事的理由)一则......二则......take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊 句子归纳:

1.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.强调句基本句型:it is/ was...that...其中指人时可用who(主),whom(宾)。2.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we(should)find the source of the river.insist that...(should)+ v原形(虚拟语气)坚持要;坚持要求 insist that...陈述语气 坚持说;坚持认为 3.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? 4.To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.5.Good luck on your journey.6.The lake shone like glass in the moonlight.(simile)Unit4 Earthquakes 重点词组:

have time to do 有时间做某事 happen to do 碰巧做某事 shake hands with sb 握手 burst into tears/ laughter in ruins 成为废墟 cut across 穿过、横穿 blow away 吹走、刮走 fall down 倒塌 rescue workers 救援人员 be pleased to do 乐意做某事 make/ give a speech 发表演说 judging...from 根据......来判断 tens of thousands of 成千上万 dig out 挖掘 burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来 think little of 对......评价低 be proud of / take pride in 以......而自豪 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 对......评价高 one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75% agree with sb give out 发出(气味等);分发;耗尽 a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的 be trapped in/ under 陷入......陷在......下面 the high school speaking competition 高中演讲比赛 have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事

come to an end(vi)= put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事

agree to sth give off 发出(气味等)give back 归还 give away 赠送;泄露 agree on sth 达成一致意见 agree to do sth right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻 as you know 正如你所知道的 be known as 作为......而知名as is known to all 众所周知 be known for 因......而出名 as could be expected 正如可以预料到的 it is useless doing sth 干某事是无用的 happen= take place= come about= break out 偶发 有计划 偶发 战争等爆发

句子归纳:

1.It is always calm before a storm.2.Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.此句为There be 句型 3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.现在分词表伴随 4.It seemed that the world was at an end.5.Water, food and electricity were hard to get.句型:主语+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义 6.All hope was not lost.all 与not 连用 表示部分否定 7.It’s never too late to learn.活到老,学到老。附:分词用法 之 作定语

falling leaves 正在落的叶子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子 boiled water 开水

Unit5 Nelson Mandela 重点词组

lose heart 丧失勇气 worry about 担心 lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上,喜欢上 be worried about 担心(状态)in trouble 处于不幸中

be sentenced to 被判处 be out of work = lose one’s job 失业 be equal to 相等的,平等的 as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 blow up 充气 爆炸 beg for 乞讨 set up 建立,创立;设置,竖起 send up 发射,使上涨 set about 着手(set about doing sth着手做某事)go up 上升,增长;被兴建 set off 出发,动身 set up 设立,建立;设置,竖起 set out 陈列,摆出;开始(set out to do sth开始做某事)stop sb(from)doing sth / keep sb from doing sth / prevent sb(from)doing sth)阻止某人做某事be active in = take an active part in 积极参与,在......活跃 die for 为„„而死 die from 死于(外因)die of 死于(内因 如:饥饿,寒冷,疾病等)be proud of / take pride in 以......而自豪

invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb for/ to sth , agree with sb , think highly of 对......评价高put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把......投入监狱advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 advice 不可数 a piece of advice一条建议 advise doing sth 建议做某事advise sb on sth 建议某人某事advise that(should)+ v原 fight for 为争取......而斗争 fight against 为反对......而斗争 fight with 同......并肩作战/ 同......斗争 have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth 在某方面有困难have problems/ difficulty/ trouble(in)doing sth 在做某事方面有困难work out 算出 have a go= have a try试一试, break the law 违反法律

be willing to do sth 乐于做某事 realize one’s dream of 实现......的梦想 answer violence with violence 以暴制暴 come to power 当权,上台 social activities 社会活动 equal(adj)---equally(adv)---equality(n)violence(n)------violent(adj)cruelty(n)---cruel(adj)---cruelly(adv)educated(adj)--education(n)willing--unwilling 不愿意的 active---inactive 不活跃的 句子归纳:

1.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接状语时(作状语:副词;介词短语;状语从句),要使用部分倒装------才用一般疑问句语序。

Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.Only when his father came back did he go to bed.(从句无需倒装,主句要倒装)2.He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism;people’s rights;people’s livelihood.他主张三民主义:民主、民权、民生。

3.I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.the first time 用法相当于连词用法,用来引导从句 链接:It’s the first time that+ 现在完成时 It was the first time that +过去完成时

人教版高一英语必修一知识点总结 篇4

一、重点词语

1、用

①用心一也(因,由)

②愿早定大计,莫用众人之议也(采用)

③兵精足用,英雄乐业(物资财用)④吾不能早用子(任用)

2、暴

①虽有槁暴(pù,晒)②暴殄天物(bào,糟蹋)③性情暴躁(bào,急噪)

3、望

①吾尝跂而望矣(远看)

②日夜望将军至,岂敢反乎(盼望)

③在丁卯三月之望(农历每月十五)④德高望重。(名望,声望)

4、假

①君子生非异也,善假于物也(借助)②乃悟前狼假寐,盖以诱敌(伪装)

③以是人多以书假余(借给)

④假天子之诏,发人往徐州伪托。(伪托)

⑤府吏闻此变,因求假暂归。(假期)

5、备

①圣心备焉(具备)②有备无患(准备)③关怀备至(完全到位)

6、强

①蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强(qiáng,强大)②乃自强步,日三四里(qiǎng,勉强)

③策勋十二转,赏赐百千强(qiáng,有余,有多)

7、绝

①假舟楫者,非能水也,而绝江河(横渡)②忽然抚尺一下,群响毕绝(停止,消失)

③自云先世避秦时乱,率妻子邑人,来此绝境(隔绝)④佛印绝类弥勒(极,尽)

⑤秦汉以来所绝无而仅有(全然,绝对)⑥绝句(旧体诗的一种)

8、就

①金就砺则利(接近,靠近,趋向)②夫子积学,当日知其所亡,以就懿德(动词,成就)

③就职演说(居,充任)

④河海不择细流,故能就其深(完成,达到)

9、致

①故不积硅步,无以致千里(到达)②致敬(送达)③树草栽木,颇有野致(意态,情趣)

10、而

①蟹六跪而二螯(连词,表示并列关系)②君子博学而日参省乎己(连词,表示递进关系)

③青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝(连词,表示转折关系)④吾尝终日而思矣(连词,表示修饰关系)

⑤知明而行无过矣(连词,表示承接关系)

11、于①②青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝(从;比)

③君子生非异也,善假于物也(对于)

二、古今异义

1、君子博学而日参省乎己

古义:检查

今义:探究并领会

2、假舆马者,非利足

古义:借助 今义:虚伪的,不真实的

3、金就砺则利

古义:金属,在此代指金属制的刀具

今义:金子

4、蟹六跪而二螯

古义:腿,蟹脚 今义:两腿弯曲,使一个或两个膝盖着地

5、非蛇鳝之穴,无可寄托者 古义:托身,安身

今义:把希望、感情等寄托在某些人或事物上

三、通假字

1、虽有槁暴“有”通“又”

2、则知明而行无过矣“知”通“智”

3、君子生非异也 “生”通“性”

四、词类活用

1、名词作状语

上食埃土,下饮黄泉

向上 向下

2、名词活用为动词

假舟楫者,非能水也

游泳

3、形容词活用为名词

其曲中规

弯曲的情况

不如登高之博见也

高处

积善成德,而神明自得 善行

4、数词活用为形容词或动词

蚓无爪牙之利„„用心一也

专一(形容词)

骐骥一跃,不能十步(跳十步远)

五、特殊句式

1、判断句

虽有槁暴,不复挺者,輮使之然也

2、倒装句

①定语后置

蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强。(“之”为后置标志,无实义)

②状语后置

青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝;冰、水为之,而寒于水。

君子生非异也,善假于物也

3、被动句

锲而不舍,金石可镂(语义被动)

4、省略句

木直中绳,輮以(之)为轮

六、固定结构

1、輮以为轮

“以为” ①介词“以”+动词“为”,也可用为“以„为”,译为“把„当作”或“认为„是”

如:必以长安君为质,兵乃出

南取百越之地,以为桂林、象郡

②等同于动词“认为”

如:以天下之美为尽在己

明日,徐公来,孰视之,自以为不如

2、无以致千里

“无以” 动词+连词 是“无所以”的省略,也可用为 “无„以„”

译为:“有(没有)什么可用(拿)来”如:河曲智叟亡以应

3、君子曰:学不可以已

“可以”

动词+介词

译为“可以因此(或凭借)”

人教版高一英语必修一知识点总结 篇5

1.go through 经历,遭受;检查

They _____ _____ _______ too many wars.The customs men _____ ________ his suitcases.go ahead前进,去吧

go by(时间)过去

go against违反,违背

go on继续 1.set down写下,记下

Every day the man ____ _____ the amount of the money he cost.set up建立,树立

set out/off出发,动身

set about开始,着手 2.a series of

一连串的,一系列的

这个学生总是问他老师一连串的问题。The student always asks his teacher ___________________.series 单复同形,作主语时谓语动词根据 series 单复数概念决定,不根据 of 后的名词决定。1.A series of lectures ___ scheduled.2.Two series of new stamps _____ come out.4.outdoors

adv.在户外,在野外

虽然天气冷, 但孩子们仍在户外玩。Though it is cold, the children are ___________________.5.on purpose 故意地

The dog peed(撒尿)over the woman’s face ___ ________.6.so as to 只能用于句中in order to 可以用于句首或句中 He runs every day _____ _____ _____ _____ weight.7.at dusk 在黄昏时刻

8.face to face back to back His boss is having a face-to-face talk with him.His boss is talking to him face to face.9.He is no longer a child.=He is not a child any longer.10.settle

vt.解决(问题);结束(争端)Both wanted to _____ problems.使(自己)安下心来;使宁静

After the excitement, I tried to ______myself.vi.安顿下来;平静下来

She can’t _______ to work.定居下来

The family has _______ in Canada.11.suffer from 常加具体的不幸或痛苦的名词(战争、灾害、疾病)

译为:患有……;受……折磨

suffer sth 遭受痛苦, 遭受损失。

The company ________a great loss because of the earthquake.He is ______________ cold and hunger.12.recover1).三天后,他找回了书。He _____________________ after three days.2).recover from 他重感冒好了,明天可以外出了。He has ____________________________ and can go out tomorrow.13.get/be tired of… 对...厌烦

get/be tired from…因...疲倦

14.pack(sth)up 他把东西装箱打包就动身了。He ______________________________ and left.15.get on / along with sb.与某人相处 She’s never really got on with her sister.你和父母合得来吗?

Do you ____________________________? get on with sth.进展

安静,干工作去。Be quiet and ____________________________.16.fall in love with sb They have ______ with each other for 30 years.A.fallen in love

B.fell in love

C.been in love

D.been fallen in love 17.– so she wants to sell the house and move to London.--Exactly./Not exactly.18.agree with sb.I agree with the climate/food here.agree to sth 同意(计划,提议,方案)agree on sth 在...上达成一致 I couldn’t agree more.19.I would be grateful if you could…

如果你能给我一些建议,我将不胜感激。______________________________________________________ 19.join in 加入到正在进行的活动

join +the army/team/club/Party 加入并成为其中一员 take part in参与并发挥一定的作用

attend 出席,参加 Would you like to _________ her birthday? I’m going to _______________ sports meeting.20.swap…for…

人教版《化学·必修一》教学反思 篇6

一、要多深入研究教材,掌控好新教材的“度”

新教材的教学中“度”难以把握,高中化学课程由若干课程模块构成,包括两个必修模块、六个选修模块。选修模块是必修课程的拓展和延伸,知识点的呈现方式呈螺旋式上升趋势,而老教材的编排是一步到位。在新的知识体系里,必修模块具有化学基础知识普及性、内容覆盖面广、知识延伸不深入的特点,很多知识的拓展留给选修模块来完成。

探究和研究是新教材的特点,其更加注重学生思维的启迪突出以实验为基础,通过探究得出结论,因此造成理论知识比较少,课本中只提供了基本知识框架,而实验的过程及得出的结论必须由教师来引导学生完成,这对教师整合、处理教材内容的能力也提出了更高的要求。在教学过程中需添补哪些知识,补充到什么程度,没有统一的标准。如果严格忠实于教材,什么都不补充,可以教得很轻松,但会造成容量不够,学生课后完成作业困难;若凭借自己的高考复习经验大量进行补充,这将会造成课堂容量大,不能按时完成教学任务等问题。

例如:在“物质的量”的教学中,我就是严格忠实于教材,结果造成学生解题困难,无法解决配套练习上的习题。只好在后续教学中又加以必要的增补,但是,在教学过程中显得很被动,教学效果也受到了很大的影响。在必修一“氧化还原反应”的教学中,我适当增加了一些内容,又完不成教学任务……经过不断摸索,我觉得,对“度”的把握,是我们教学过程中需要掌握好的一环。通过一段时间的摸索,我认为高一年级教学应该以高中化学课程标准为准绳,适当添加部分内容,切不可“一步到位”。

二、要多研究探索,寻求最佳教法

新课改要以全面发展的教育观念,构建一个紧密联系学生生活实际、以物质及其变化现象为切入点并在化学实验基础上进行科学探究的化学教学模式。为此,我们化学备课小组经常交流探讨,在教学过程中采用“探究式”教学模式。每节课四位老师多方面查找资料,以学校“三三五”导学案为模式编写好导学案,科任老师再根据所带班级进行微调、二次备课后再进行教学;教学过程中强调师生共同参与、平等对话、探究完成教学任务,使学生学习化学知识的兴趣、主动性、创造性得到培养,分析问题、解决问题、动手操作、判断和鉴赏能力得以训练,科学素养得到提高。例如:必修一“探究铁及其化合物的氧化性或还原性”的教学中,我设计从铁元素与人体健康入手,介绍铁及其化合物,再复习引入氧化性或还原性的概念,最后延伸至分析铁及其化合物的氧化性或还原性。这样师生共同探究有关化学知识之间的联系与技能间的转化,并将探究的结果加以整合,及时矫正在教学过程中探究活动的不足,提高教学效果。此模式优点为:提供了师生平等对话的教学环境,创设了融洽的教学氛围,实现了提高科学素养的目标,体现了全面发展的要求。

三、要充分挖掘激发学生潜能,培养学生良好学习品质

要了解学生的学科知识基础、知识技能基础和学习动机,既要了解学生智力因素,还要了解学生的非智力因素,如学习习惯及态度、情感特点以及兴趣爱好、情感需求、性格心理特点等。在教学进行一段时间后,我们科任老师对学生的学习状况更为了解:高一年级新生主要特点是思维活跃,探究意识强,自我表现欲望高。但是有一点制约因素是义务教育阶段对化学学习的要求相对较低,很多的知识点就是了解而已,因此一部分学生基础不是特别扎实,经常出现表达概念不清或不到位的情况,特别是对一些常见的化学用语、化学方程式都模糊不清、一知半解。经过高中一段时间的学习后,仍然对一些知识点的理解有困难,如物质的量、氧化还原反应、离子反应等知识点。这要求我们在教学过程中,一定要了解初中化学教材的内容,了解初中相关知识体系,对一些概念要做重建工作。同时一部分学生在观念上轻视化学的学习,觉得化学是非常简单容易的学科,没有真正在化学学习中做深入的思考与练习,以初中化学的学习方法与要求来对待高中化学的学习。因此我们要不时贯穿科学的学习方法,让学生学会学习,从教学的各个环节让学生认识高中学习和初中学习的内容和方法的不同,要拓展学生思维,培养学生“重在理解,贵在记忆,细微处见功夫”的学习态度。

人教版高一英语必修一知识点总结 篇7

be good to 对….友好

add up 合计

another time 改时间

get sth done 使…被做

calm down 镇定下来

have got to 不得不

be concerned about 关心;挂念

walk the dog 遛狗

make a list of 列出

share sth with sb 和某人分享某物

go through 经历;仔细检查

hide away 躲藏;隐藏

set down 放下;记下

a series of 一系列;一套

be crazy about 对…着迷

on purpose 故意

in order to/ so as to 为了

face to face 面对面地

according to 按照;根据…所说

get along with 与…相处

pack up 收拾,打理行装

have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见;做…有困难

fall in love 相爱

throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊

try out 试验;试用

join in 参加(活动)

communicate with sb 和…交际

far and wide 到处

look to sth 注意,留心某事

cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物

have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯

be ignorant of 无知的

1. I wonder if… 我想知道是否….

2. It’s because… 这是因为…. 此从句中because不能用since或as 代替

3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢?

4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.

=While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时,你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子,结果狗被车撞了。

(当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时,可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。)

5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗?

6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已经很久不能去户外,所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。

7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚,曾有一段时间,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花,从未使我心醉神迷过。

8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.

这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。

9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议,我会非常感谢的。 (I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求)

10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。

11. She found it difficult to settle and…

12. This series of readers is very interesting.

13. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.

Unit2 English around the world

in…ways 在…方面

be different from 与…不同

play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一个角色;参与

play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因为;由于

such as 例如

believe it or not 信不信由你

come up (vi) 走进;上来;发生;被讨论

come up with 提出

come up to a place 参观某地

ever before 从前

at the end of 在…末期

even if/ though 即使

be based on 在...基础上

close to 距离…近

make (good/ full) use of (好好/充分)利用

change…into 把…变成

in the early days 在早期

from one place to another 从一处到另一处

take…with…随身携带

the same…as 与…相同的

at present 目前

as a rule 通常;照例

be present at 在席;出席

carry out a rule 执行规则

be absent from 缺席

be a native of 是…人

present sth to sb / present sb with sth

be native to 是…的土产动物/植物

at sb’s request 应某人的要求

have a command of掌握

make a request 请求

give commands 命令

request that …(should)+v原形

in one direction 朝一个方向

an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织

in the 1600’s = in the 1600s

as we know 正如我们所知

1. However, they may not be able to understand everything.

(然而,他们可能不是什么都懂。)

2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.

(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)

3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.

(当不同文化互相沟通时,所有的语言都会发生变化。)

4. What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.

(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句)

5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.

(实际上,当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。)

6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.

7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.

(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国,国内说着许许多多的方言。)

8. …there is more than one kind of English in the world.

(more than one+单数可数名词,作主语时,谓语用单数)

9. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.

(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。)

句型:It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是…

扩充:It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth

当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb,则用of.

eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.

附:

1. either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语,谓语动词采取就近原则。

2. be different in

强调在某方面的不同

be different from 强调在各方面的不同

3. in the end 最后,最终 后无of 结构

三个表示最后最终的用法:

⑴finally: 按照顺序的最后,常与first, secondly 等连用

⑵at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后

⑶in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力,终于… 如:战争等

4. 与人交谈,常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形,遇到这种情况该如何开口呢?

⑴Pardon?

⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.

对不起,我没听懂,请再说一遍好吗?

⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗?

⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗?

5. include ─ including; included

identity ─ identify

actually ─ actual (adj); rapidly ─ rapid (v)

government (n) ─ govern(v)

wide (adj) ─ widen (v); broad (adj) ─ broaden (v)

foreign ─ foreigner;

solve (v) ─ solution (n)

6. petrol------gas ;

lift------elevator;

flat------apartment

film------movie; sweets----candy;

post------mail

Unit3 Travel Journal

one-way fare 单程票

round-trip fare 往返票

dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事

graduate from 从…毕业

go for long bike rides 做长途自行车旅行

persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事

persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事

get sb interested in 使某人对… 感兴趣

insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要;坚持要

the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法

at an altitude of 在…海拔上

attitude to/ toward(s) 对…态度

care about 忧虑,关心 care for喜欢,照顾

care to do愿意/同意做某事

change one’s mind 改变主意

to my mind = in my opinion

make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事

determine to do sth ( 动作) / be determined to do sth (心理) 决心干某事

give in (to) 投降;屈服;让步

give in (vt) 上交

give up 放弃

give up doing/sth

as usual 像往常一样

at midnight 午夜

make camp 野营,宿营

put up one’s tents 搭起帐篷

sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉

sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事

can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事

for one thing… for another (用来引出某事的理由)一则… 二则…

take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊

1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.

强调句基本句型:it is/ was…. that….其中指人时可用who(主),whom(宾)。

2. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we (should) find the source of the river.

insist that….(should)+ v原形 坚持要;坚持要求

insist that….陈述语气 坚持说;坚持认为

3. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? (metaphor)

4. To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.

5. Good luck on your journey.

6. The lake shone like glass in the moonlight. (simile)

Unit4 Earthquakes

have time to do 有时间做某事

happen to do 碰巧做某事

shake hands with sb 握手

burst into tears/ laughter

burst out crying/laughing

突然哭/笑起来

in ruins 成为废墟

cut across 穿过、横穿

blow away 吹走、刮走

fall down 倒塌

rescue workers 救援人员

be pleased to do 乐意做某事

make/ give a speech 发表演说

judging….from 根据……来判断

tens of thousands of 成千上万

dig out 挖掘

a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的

be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面

the high school speaking competition 高中演讲比赛

have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事

come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事

be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪

invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

think little of 对……评价低

invite sb for/ to sth

think highly of 对……评价高

one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3

seventy-five percent 75%

agree with sb

give out 发出(气味等);分发;耗尽

agree to sth

give off 发出(气味等)

agree to do sth

give away 赠送;泄露

agree on sth 达成一致意见

give back 归还

right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻

as you know 正如你所知道的

be known as 作为……而知名

as is known to all 众所周知

be known for 因……而出名

as could be expected 正如可以预料到的

it is useless doing sth 干某事是无用的

happen= take place= come about= break out

偶发 有计划偶发 战争等爆发

1. It is always calm before a storm.

2. Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake. 此句为There be 句型

3. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 现在分词表伴随

4. It seemed that the world was at an end.

5. Water, food and electricity were hard to get.

句型:主语+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义

6. All hope was not lost. all 与not 连用 表示部分否定

7. It’s never too late to learn. 活到老,学到老。

附:分词用法 之 作定语

falling leaves 正在落的叶子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水

fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子 boiled water 开水

Unit5 Nelson Mandela----a modern hero

lose heart 丧失勇气

worry about 担心(动作)

lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上,喜欢上

be worried about 担心(状态)

in trouble 处于不幸中

be sentenced to 被判处

be out of work = lose one’s job 失业

be equal to 相等的,平等的

as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 beg for 乞讨

blow up 充气,爆炸

set up 建立,创立;设置,竖起

send up 发射,使上涨

set about 着手做某事 (set about doing sth)

go up 上升,增长;被兴建

set off 出发,动身

set up 设立,建立;设置,竖起

set out 陈列,摆出;开始(set out to do sth)

be active in = take an active part in 积极参与,在……活跃

keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 die for 为……而死

stop sb (from) doing sth

die from 死于(外因)

prevent sb (from) doing sth

die of 死于(内因 如:饥饿,寒冷,疾病等)

put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入监狱

advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事

advice 不可数 a piece of advice

advise doing sth

fight for 为争取……而斗争

advise sb on sth

fight against 为反对……而斗争

advise that (should)+ v原

fight with 同……并肩作战/ 同……斗争

have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth

work out 算出

have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth have a go= have a try

be willing to do sth 乐于做某事

realize one’s dream of 实现…… 的梦想

answer violence with violence 以暴制暴

break the law 违反法律

come to power 当权,上台

social activities 社会活动

equal (adj)------equally (adv)------equality (n) violence (n)------violent (adj)

cruelty (n)------cruel (adj)------cruelly (adv)

educated (adj)------education (n)

willing----unwilling 不愿意的

active----inactive 不活跃的

1. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.

only 放在句首且后接状语时(作状语:副词;介词短语;状语从句),要使用部分倒装------才用一般疑问句语序。

Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.

Only when his father came back did he go to bed. (从句无需倒装,主句要倒装)

2. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.

他主张三民主义:民主、民权、民生。

3. I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.

the first time 用法相当于连词用法,用来引导从句

链接:It’s the first time that 现在完成时

It was the first time that 过去完成时

4. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.

should have done 本应做而未做

needn’t have done 本不应做而做了

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