2023高考英语作文必备短语（精选6篇）
无数innumerable;countless
许多plenty of;many;much;a great deal of;a lot of;ample
非常多(大)的tremendous
依序列举list in sequence
时间词
过时的outdated;antiquated;outmoded;obsolete;anachronistic短暂的ephemeral;transitory;transient;short-lived
不合时宜的anachronism
可持久的durable;able to stand wear;last a long time
一再time after time;again and again
初始的preliminary
前述的aforementioned;aforesaid;former
自古到今from ancient times to the present day;down through the ages年轻人young people;youngster;youth;young adult
老式的old-fashioned;out of date;dated
偶尔from time to time;now and then;once in a while;at times时常often;frequently;repeatedly
永远的eternal;perpetual;lasting throughout life
重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities
目前so far;by far
一次就可完成的事one-time event
正/反意见(opinion)
骂yell at;reprimand;chide;scold;reprove
支持support;endorse;back up;uphold
谴责condemn;express strong disapproval of
错的mistaken;erroneous;wrong incorrect
错事wrongdoing;had acts;misbehavior
做相反的do the reverse of;do the opposite
归咎blame…on;put the blame on …;…is to blame
瓦解disintegrate;break up;separate into small parts
支持某一方in favor of;on the side of
不会犯错的infallible
意见不和clashes of opinion
一致的unanimous;in complete agreement
不恰当inappropriate;improper;unsuitable;inadequate
批判criticize;blame;find fault with;make judgments of the merits and faults of…
我们想念…we are convinced that…;we are certain that..我愿意I incline to;I am inclined to;I am willing to;I tend to
有用的useful;of use;serviceable;good for;instrumental;productive有意义的meaningful;fulfilling
他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this…在大家同意下by common consent of…
否定deny;withhold;negate承认admit;acknowledge;confess;concede于事无补of no help;of no avail;no use使…受益benefit…;do good to…;is good for…;is of great benefit to…想法frame of mind;mind set;the way one is thinking想出come up with找出come up with;find out利用use;take advantage of夸耀brag about;boast about;show off;speak too highly of照顾take care of;take charge of;attend to;watch over对…很了解have a deep knowledge of…对抗权威stand up against authority;resisit boldly the authority对…有信心have confidence in说清楚articulate;verbalize;put in words;utter接受…之美意embrace the offer of…累积amass;accumulate;heap up;assemble连系tact;get in touch with;contact with排除这可能性rule out the possibility等于is equivalent to;equal选择choose;elect;opt for;pick;single out发出deliver;give out;hand over绕路detour;take a detour;take a roundabout way禁止进入is kept out;is barred from 小看make little of坏了out of order;on the blink;is not working分别distinguish between;make a distinction between;tell…from依靠count on;depend on忽视neglect;give too little care to存在come to be;come into existence;come to birth;come into being考虑consider;take into consideration;take into account考虑到in consideration of用尽力气exhaust one’s strength;use up one’s strength开动initiate;set going准备…brace for;prepare for在于lie in;rest on;rest with主动take the initiative不算exclusive of;not counting;leaving out应该得到deserve;have right to;is worthy of避免avoid;shun;get around;circumvent幻想fantasy;play of the mind以此标准来算by this criterion;by this standard乍看之下at first glance面对in the face of;in the presence of以by means of;by virtue of;by the use of
不惜代价at all costs
每况愈下from bad to worse
承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes
取得同意…get the go-ahead to
不择手段unscrupulously;by hook or by crook
想法与作法beliefs and practices
内情ins and outs;turns and twists
关键时刻the critical moment
虽然although;notwithstanding;albeit;though
根据according to;on the basis of;on the ground of(that);in the light of;in line with;in accordance with
逃避问题evade the question
增大enlarge;extend;aggrandize
澄清clarify;make clear
赔偿compensate for;give…as compensation for
实现carry out;implement;realize;make…come true
假定suppose;assume;postulate;hypothesize
极端的radical;extreme
极端的措施drastic measures
剩下的the rest;the remainder;what is left
换言之in other words;put another way
结果result;aftermath;consequence
优点advantage;strength;strong point;merit;benefit
简言之put simply;in short;in brief;in a nutshell
举例而言for instance;for example;to illustrate;let us cite 特别是an illustration;to cite a concrete case
特别是especially;more than others;particularly;in particular
既然…now that…;seeing that…
迹象inkling;hint;clue;a slight suggestion
缺点disadvantage;demerit;shortcoming;drawback;weakness除去do away with;eliminate;remove;get rid of
缺少for lack of;for a deficiency of
毕竟after all;all in all
范围scope;field;realm
潜力potential;
行为conduct;behavior;doings
隔绝isolate;insulate
分辨出identify;recognize
不易懂的elusive;hard to understand
展开unfold
回馈feedback
主导的人物a dominant figure;a controlling man;the most influential person
观点viewpoint;point of view;perspective;standpoint
正在进行中is underway只是一种姿态is merely a gesture立场position;stand;stance意向inclination;leaning;intention 一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact交织intertwine;interweave好奇心the eager desire to know;curiosity尊敬respect;esteem;think highly of顽固的headstrong;obstinate;stubborn暗淡的gloomy;dark;dim巨大的huge;gigantic;colossal;vast;enormous;tremendous探索explore;fathom执行carry out;execute;do现代modern times;modern age;contemporary age偏见prejudice;bias;partiality;predilection混乱chaos;commotion;confusion;disturbance;tumult无弹性(僵硬)rigid无缺点的flawless;airtight无药可救incurable无法避免的unavoidable;inevitable细密的计划elaborate plan取消cancel;annul;abolish解药a cure for…;a remedy for;谜puzzle;riddle;enigma机会平等equality of opportunity较有影响力的国家a predominant country遵守abide by;conform to;observe;comply with热情的passionate;ardent;zealous特权privilege;a special right 模糊的ambiguous;vague;obscure影响长远的far-reaching失望despair;loss of hope;without hope幼稚childish;childlike;na飗e挑剔的picky;choosy;fastidious破坏destroy;ruin;break to pieces;devasate技巧的skillful;adept;dexterous警觉的alert;watchful;on guard;wary of忍受bear;put up with;endure;stand证据evidence;facts;proof;grounds;testimony很容易地easily;with little problem;with little hindrance令人惊讶的amazing;astonishing;astounding生动的报导vivid description争取compete for;try hard to win遗产heritage;legacy;inheritance
保护protect;safeguard;preserve;shelter
了解understand;comprehend;catch the meaning of;catch on汇露reveal;make known;disclose
放大amplify;magnify;enlarge
动力impetus;driving force;momentum
自满的complacent
第一流的first-rate;excellent
安全处refuge;asylum;haven;sanctuary
强调emphasize;stress;highlight
短视的决定short-sighted decision
真正的genuine;authentic;real
怪异的eccentric;peculiar;odd
明显的distinct;clear;explicit;obvious
得到…的注意capture one’s attention
事事干涉的meddlesome;interfering
背景setting;background
假的fake;false;counterfeit
夸大报导dramatize
退步setback
古人the ancients
古老的old;ancient;archaeic
逃犯infringe(on);violate
使害怕intimidate;frighten
带来生气enliven
对手rival
吸引人的intriguing
旁观者onlooker
准确地说to be exact;to be precise;precisely
突然醒悟it dawned on me that
仔细思考之后after long deliberation;after careful thought
对比及其相关用词
可互换的interchangeable
可与…相比is comparable with(to)
普遍的prevailing;common;prevalent
是一个对比is a sharp contrast to
比作is likened to;is compared to
多样化的heterogeneous
单一性的homogeneous
一般而言in general;generally speaking;by and large
满于现状be happy with what you are
预测未来project into the future
另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is…
不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of…
评估社会文化因素 assess(evaluate)sociocultural factors
那并非说… that does not mean that…
那有这回事 there is no such thing as
一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is…由…造成 caused by;attributable to;due to;resulting from
由…组成 is made up of…;is comprised of;consist
必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:
限制limit;restrict;refrain;restrain;keep within limits;confine;keep in check
一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that…
这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls:
说服convince;persuade;cause to believe
具体的specific;concrete;tangible
刻意的intentional;on purpose;intended
费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with…
…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue
无法估计is beyond calculation;incalculable
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally首先，第二，第三，最后
3)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally首先，然后，其次，最后
4)to start with, next, in addition, finally首先，然后，其次，最后
5)first of all, besides, last but not least首先，其次，最后
6)most important of all, moreover, finally最重要的，其次，最后
7)on the one hand, on the other hand (适用于两点的情况) 一方面，另一方面
8)for one thing, for another (适用于两点的情况)一方面，另一方面
英语作文：短语优先原则
写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：
其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。
其二、凑字数，用短语是一个办法!
比如：I cannot bear it.我无法忍受它了。可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.我无法忍受它了。I want it.我想要它。
可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.我想要它。
It’s important.这个很重要。
可以用短语表达: It’s of great importance.这个很重要。
英语作文：过渡语原则
并列用语： as well as也
not only…but (also)不仅……还
including,包括
英语作文：对比用语
on one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
on the contrary相反的
though 尽管
for one thing一方面
for another另一方面
nevertheless然而
英语作文：递进用语
even甚至
besides除了
what’s more还有
as for至于
so…that… 太….以至于…..
worse still更糟糕的是
Moreover并且
furthermore更进一步
but for要不是
in addition另外
to make matters worse更糟糕的是
英语作文：例证用语
in one’s opinion某人看来
that is to say也就是说
for example例如
for instance例如
as a matter of fact事实上
in fact 事实上
英语作文：时序用语
first/firstly首先
to begin/start with首先
meanwhile同时
before long不久
ever since自从
while当….的时候
at the same time同时
in the meantime同时
shortly after之后立即
nowadays现在
英语作文：强调用语
Especially 特别是
indeed 确实
at least 至少
at most 最多
What in the world/on earth..究竟 not at all 根本不
英语作文：因果用语
thanks to 多亏了
because 因为
as a result 结果
because of/as a result of 因为/由于
Without 没有
due to 因为 owing to 多亏了
英语作文：总结用语
in short总之
briefly/ in brief 总之
generally speaking 总结来说
in my opinion/view在我看来
as far as I’m concerned 我认为
in a word 总结就是
to sum up 总之
as you know 正如你所知道的
Be getting on well with ones study某人的学习越来越好
take several courses at school在学校学若干门课程
have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …
put ones heart into…专心于;致力于
be interested in …
be fond of
like chemistry best
be good at …; be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …
make progress in …; fail in … be tired of …
pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;
major in history 主修历史
He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。
get a doctors degree 获得博士学位
be more interesting to sb.
learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);
take an active part in …; learn… by heart;
work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in …;
get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam;
have a good command of…
lay a good foundation in (language study)
2、师生关系
get on well with sb; like to be with students;
be gentle with us; be kind to sb;
be a strict teacher; be strict with ones pupils;
be strict in work
We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth;
praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth..
give advice on …; question sb on …
be satisfied with …
correct the students homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work;
try to teach sb good study habits; make ones lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.;
teach sb to do sth.
devote all ones time to work;
admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education
佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。
3、课余活动及周末生活
spend ones time in many different ways;
enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;
go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore);
see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);
play chess (basketball); have a swim;
have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;
go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;
do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;
get everything ready for;
ride ones bike with sb.to(the park);
There are a lot of activities at (the beach).
We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.
She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.
It was a very relaxing Sunday.
There are good programmes on TV on weekends.
今天分享10篇英语优秀作文范文，拿走背去吧！底下附有高考作文的评分标准以及满分作文标准及策略哦！
要注意，背下来之外要知道大致含义并默写。
你不得不逼着自己更优秀，因为身后许多贱人等着看你的笑话。所以要对自己狠一点，逼自己努力，将来的你将会感谢今天发狠的自己、恨透今天懒惰自卑的自己。
加油哦！1.感谢信 假设你是李华，梁教授去年六月推荐你去悉尼大学深造，现在你已经被悉尼大学化学学院录取，请写封信向梁教授表示感谢。
【优秀满分范文】
Dear Professor Liang，I am writing to extend my gratitude to youbecause with your help I am now a student of Chemistry Department of SydneyUniversity.Last June, when I applied to become agraduate student of Sydney University, you really gave me a lot of valuablehelp.You not only wrote a recommendation（推荐）for me to Professor Wells who worksin the Sydney University but also gave me careful and patient instructions onhow to fill the application forms and write the application letters.It is your unreserved(无保留的）help thatenables me to obtain this splendid（极好的）opportunity of further education.For thefollowing two years I will study hard to reciprocate（回报）your sincere help andexpectations with excellent grades.Yours truly, Zhang Ying 2.道歉信
假设你是李华，你上星期参观伦敦，当时你爸的一个朋友Rogers先生对你照顾有加，请写封信表达你对他的感谢。
【优秀满分范文】
Dear Sarah，I am terribly sorry to tell you that I am unable toattend your birthday party next Thursday evening.That is owing to（因为）the fact that（同位语从句）my younger brother suddenly fell ill and was taken to a hospital thismorning.I have to go there immediately and take care of him.As told by thedoctor in charge, it will take around five days for him to recover and I haveasked my boss for a leave.I really regret that I cannot go to celebrate yourbirthday personally and would miss the perfect chance of enjoying myself withall our old friends.I have chosen a small gift for you and will send it to youtomorrow to show my best wishes.Besides, please give my regards to our friendswhen you meet them at the party.Cordially,（sincerely）
Li Hua
3.申请信
假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B & B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣，要写一封求职信，包括下列要点： 1．年龄：182．
2.学习情况：班级前5，英语口语好
3．兴趣和特长：打字快，喜欢阅读，听音乐 4．性格特点：积极向上
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行为连贯； 3．开头语和结束语己为你写好。
【优秀满分范文】
Dear Sir/ Madam，I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary.I’m really interested in this position so I am writing to apply for it.I’m18 years old and will graduate from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July.I’m an excellent student, among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.I’m good at English, especially spoken English.I often use the computer and I type very fast.In my spare time, I read a lot.Poems are my favorite.I enjoy music very much too.Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities.Besides, I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends.I hope I may be granted（授予）an interview,when I can explain my qualifications（资格，条件）more fully.I am looking forward to your reply.Sincerely/Yours，LiHua
4.通知
假如你是校学生会主席。新年即将到来，为了帮助你校的外国留学生更好地了解中国文化，学生会将为他们举办一个新年晚会。请你根据以下提示，用英语向他们发出口头通知。时间：下周五6：00—8：00 地点：教学楼101室
内容：1．唱中国歌
2．比赛用筷子
3．学习包饺子
注意：1．词数不少于50；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
【优秀满分范文】
Good afternoon, everyone.May I have your attention, please?
I’m the chairman of the Students’ Union.As the New Year is around the corner（即将到来）, weare going to hold a New Year party for you, which is intended to enable you tohave a better understanding of Chinese culture.During the party, not only canyou sing a Chinese song, but you will also compete with each other to see howskilled you are at using chopsticks.What’s more, you’ll learn at the party howto make dumplings.Sounds great.doesn’t it? The party is scheduled（计划于）in Room 101of the Teaching Building from 6:00 p.m.to 8:00 p.m.next Friday.Please make sure you won’t miss it.Thank you for your attention.5.邀请信
你们班同学打算周六去爬香山。请给外教Chris写一封英文信，邀请他参加此次活动。具体内容如下：
1.时间：8am—5 pm； 2.集合地点：校门口； 3.交通工具：公交车；
4.携带物品：雨具，午餐，相机。注意：1.词数不少于50；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
【优秀满分范文】
Dear Chris，I’m writing to tell you that we intend to climb the Fragrant Hill this Saturday and I sincerely invite you to go with us on behalf of our class.We are supposed togather at the school gate and set out at 8:00 am sharp.The bus will serve asour transportation.We will climb to the top of the hill and enjoy our picniclunch there, so please take some food with you as lunch.At about 2:00 pm.wewill go down the hill along another path and return to our school at about5.00pm.You may equip yourself with a camera to record the beautiful sceneryand an umbrella or a raincoat is also necessary in case you are caught in arain.Please spare some time to join us.Your participation can surely addcolor to our trip and we are all looking forward to your involvement.Yours, Joe
6.建议信
假定你是李华，你所喜爱的Global Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见．请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括： 1．说明你是该报的忠实读者
2．说明该报优点：1)兼顾国内外新闻
2)介绍名人成功故事
3．提出建议：
刊登指导英语学习的文章
注意：1．词数100左右，开头语己为你写好；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【优秀满分范文】
Dear Editor-in-Chief，Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror!
I’m a regular reader of your newspaper.I like it so much that I hardly miss any copy.There are many advantages of Global Mirror.Firstly, Global Mirror covers both national and international news.By simply turning the pages, I can know all important things that have happened both home and abroad.Besides, the success stories of world-famous people are also attractive to me, which help me learn a lot from them.In a word, thanks to Global Mirror, we are well-informed and keep up with the changing world.As a young student, I wish that I can be a master of English language.Therefore, I suggest that Global Mirror provide articles about English learning for us.Finally, I hope that Global Mirror will become more and more popular.Thank you for your time!
Sincerely yours，Li Hua
7.求助信
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封电子邮件： 1.询问Tom的生活和学习情况； 2.谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙； 3.告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。注意:
1.词数:120—150；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【优秀满分范文】
Dear Tom，How is it going these days? I keep wondering how you feel about your school life in Beijing.Have you got used to the life in China? Are you enjoying your life? I hope you are.Let me tell you a piece of good news: I’m going to take part in an English speech contest of middle school students in July in the coming summer vacation.So I’m busy preparing for it.But now I have some difficulty in collecting useful information and using proper English word to express my thoughts.Besides, I really want to improve my spoken English, especially the pronunciation and intonation（语调）.Of course, as a native English speaker, you can give me some suggestions.In addition, I’m going to visit you after the contest.I’m sure we will have a wonderful time together in Beijing!I can hardly wait to see you!I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Hua
8.投诉信
你是李华，两周前你从网上一套书虫系列读物（BookwormSeries）昨天才到货，且包装破损，数量不足。请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下： 1.介绍购物情况 2.反映存在问题 3.提出解决方案 注意：
1.词数100词左右
2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯 3.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词 可能用到的生词：投诉complaint n.【优秀满分范文】
To whom it may concern，I am one of your customers(顾客).I ordered（订购）a set of(一套)Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago, but I didn’t receive them until yesterday.And much to my disappointment, thebooks were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn.To makematters worse, it is not a complete set, as I found one book missing.I am sorry to have received such poor service, and I believe I have every rightto ask you to deal with this problem.I hope that you either return my money ordeliver a new set of books to me.Besides, I’d like to be informed of theprocess of your dealing with my complaint.Lookingforward to your reply.Sincerely，Li Hua
9.祝贺信
假如你是李华，你的好友魏芳在中学生英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖。请你根据以下内容，给她写一封祝贺信。
内容包括：1.表达你的愉悦心情；2.向她表示祝贺； 3.请她介绍成功的经验。
注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数；3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：英语演讲比赛 the English Speech Contest
【优秀满分范文】
Dear Wei Fang，I hear that you have won first prize in the English Speech Contest of Middle School Students, so I’m writing to give my sincere congratulations.You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news.As your best friend, I am proud of you!Your pronunciation and fluent English left me with deep impression.It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest.Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English? Your experience will be of great help to me in learning.I will be grateful if you can write me back and give me your advice.I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Hua
10.求职信
假如你是李华，从报纸上看到中老年英语培训机构Mid．Senior ESCH面向高中毕业生招聘暑期兼职辅导员，负责学员课间服务事项。请根据下面的广告内容用英语写一份求职信。
ASSISITANTS WANTED
Valuable chances are open for high school graduates who are good at English．Their work is to tend the senior students during the break．
Requirements attached：1．Good at English．2．Experienced priority．
Contact us by e-mail：Ｅnglishtec@163．com．
注意：1．短文词数100字左右；2．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称；
【优秀满分范文】
Dear Director:
I’d like to apply for the post of assistant which was advertised in the newspaper.I found this position quite appealing to me.I’ve just graduated from high school.Luckily I am good at English and I can speak English fluently.In addition, I have previous experience.During my stay in middle school, I used to be a volunteer and looked after the old people in a nursing home on weekends.In short, I believe my experience and fluent oral English will be a great help for me in doing the work.I’m available for interview at any time.It would be appreciated if I can get your offer.高考作文评分标准
第五档(很好)：(21-25分)
1.完全完成了试题规定的任务;
2.覆盖所有内容要点;
3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;
4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力;
5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑;6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档(好)：(16-20分)
1.完全完成了试题规定的任务;
2.虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容;
3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求;
4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致;
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑;
6.达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档(适当)：(11-15分)
1.基本完成了试题规定的任务;
2.虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容;
3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求;
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解;
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯;
6.整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档(较差)：(6-10分)
1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务;
2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容;
3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限;
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解;
5.较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性;
6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档(差)：(1-5分)
1.未完成试题规定的任务;
2.明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求;
3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限;
4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解;
5.缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯;
6.信息未能传达给读者。
不得分：(0分)未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
高考作文满分标准及策略
一、满分要求
1.语篇信息齐全;
2.丰富的句式表达;
3.注意句与句之间的连贯性;
4.语句流畅自然，层次清楚;
5.应用较高级词汇;
6.书面整洁。
二、写作策略
1.“五审”定调子 写作时，要养成在审题上形成一种定向思维的习惯，做到“五审”：
一审体裁。根据作文材料要求确定文章体裁。然后建立相应体裁的行文模式。我们常用的体裁有书信、日记、通知、发言稿、说明文、记叙文、议论文等。
二审人称。文章中人称选择恰当对表达文章的基本思想、描述事物及情节都很有帮助。应特别注意英文中人称的阴阳是很容易被忽视的。
三审时态。高考评分中，谓语动词形式是被看重的，一篇文章如果多处出现谓语动词错误，就要降等给分。所以我们在审题时要给文章的时态定个位，即过去时、现在时或将来时。再以这个定为时态基础，按需要使用相应时态。
四审要点。高考评卷中，作文的大块得分集中在文章的要点和要点发挥上，一般来说，英语高考作文有4-6个要点，考生在读题时要边读边列出要点并写出要点中的关键词，这样既能保证要点齐全又能节省时间。
五审层次。层次分明，脉络清晰，让读者一目了然。记叙文大多数以人物活动、时间顺序或事情发展过程为线索;说明文大多以时间、空间为线索;议论文的写作一般按先总后分或先分后总的顺序。
2.“韵色”得高分
培养学生在保证文体正确、要点齐全、层次分明的基础上，恰当运用一些漂亮的句式、关联词、插入语和谚语等，能使文章更上档次。
三、注意事项
1.提炼要点
(1)总结归纳要点：不是所有内容都要写出来，而是抓住其中的关键要点、衔接要点!
(2)理顺要点：将提炼的要点按逻辑关系(如时间关系、因果关系、转折关系等)重新安排，这样整篇文章看起来就整体有序，流畅自然，更加容易打动评分老师，从而使作文分数提升一档。
2.遣词造句
(1)遣词
①不出现语言错误;②注意词语和短语搭配使用;③适度使用加分词汇;④避免词语重复，以加分词句：高级词、同义词、短语等替代。
(2)造句 ①表达意思要清楚无误：具体化，细节化;②多种表达方式表达相同含义;③避免句式单调(简单句、并列句、复合句等适度调整);④可以用形象思维来表达(比如说你朗读得“很好听”，用“抑扬顿挫”来表达就是形象思维)。
3.谋篇布局
(1)构思文章提纲：根据题目的要点，安排好段落和主次关系。要形成良好的分段意识，写作分段是必须要进行的(2至4段为佳)，这样显得文章不会拥挤并且层次分明。在行文意识上，要注意突出要点。
(2)分段注意详略搭配、注意连贯;
(3)行文时多用关联词、引导词，把文章句子通过各种关系整合起来，达到起承转合、运用自如的目的，从而获取高分;
2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard
3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that?
6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8.不可否认 It is undeniable that?/ There is no denying that?
9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate
10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12.一些人 ?而另外一些人 ? Some people? while others?
13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,
14.就?达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on?
15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16.双方的论点 argument on both sides
17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in?
18.对?必不可少 be indispensable to ?
19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20.?也不例外 ?be no exception
21.对?产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on?
22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden
30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective
32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33. 对?有益 be beneficial / conducive to?
34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for?
36.综合素质 comprehensive quality
37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach
39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to?
40. 应当承认 Admittedly,
41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of?
43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information
44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)
46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient
47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly
49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion
53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence
54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way
55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice
56. ?必然趋势 an irresistible trend of?
57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition
58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest
59.长远利益. interest in the long run
60.?有其自身的优缺点 ? has its merits and demerits/ advantages and
disadvantages
61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。
63.对?有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65.跟上?的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …
66.采取有效措施来? take effective measures to do sth
67.?的健康发展 the healthy development of ?
68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。
No garden without weeds。
进入二轮复习，意味着到了决战高考的冲刺期。但是有的学生英语却出现学习和复习效率停滞不前，对学过的知识感觉模糊，成绩忽高忽低或难有较大提高，有的老师称这为“高原现象”。针对这些学生要帮助他们制订相应的应对策略，多个别交谈，鼓励他们要充满自信和毅力，尽快突破高原期，迎接“柳暗花明”的到来。还有一部分学生则抱着破罐破摔的想法，对英语失去了信心。对此，我们应采取适时激励的方法，帮助学生建立自信和毅力。作为老师，要运通过各种试鼓励学生，让他们时时刻刻感觉到老师对我还抱有希望，我不能放弃。在课堂上，教师要及时了解学情，从整体到个体都要有所关注。作为家长，自身要调整好心态。备考期间，家长的心情要稳定，不要过于唠叨，应该让孩子适当放松一下。
二、知识和能力方面
在这一阶段，我们的复习计划主要围绕一条主线、两条辅线展开。阶段前期的“一条主线”是大量的专题训练, “两条辅线”是基础知识的强化和仿真模拟训练。阶段后期的“一条主线”是大量的仿真模拟训练，“两条辅线”是语法复习和基础知识的强化。围绕这条线．我们要指导学生做到：
1．突破基础词汇关，培养词汇活用能力
词汇是英语学习中最基本的元素，是学好英语的基础。所以，在英语复习过程中，我们对单词的记忆和学习要一直常抓不懈。在第一轮基础知识复习时，我们根据课本单元模块强化单词默写和学习；而在第二轮复习中，指导学生科学地记忆单词仍是重中之重。我们要求学生根据《考试大纲》中的词汇表，坚持每天复习单词，在两个月内至少进行两轮记忆，并强调复习记忆实词(即动词、名词、形容词和副词)及其用法。巧妇难为无米之炊，词汇量的大小直接影响到做题质量的高低、对文章的理解程度以及做题速度的快慢。
2．强化专题复习、优化专题复习的模式
首先，研究探讨高考试题，并划分成专题模块，总结出解题技巧与方法以提高教学效果。
其次在每一专题复习开始之时，我们先把近几年的有关高考题展示给学生。复习资料中也有，要求每一位学生以“实战状态”进行自测，然后公布答案，讲评。分析考纲考点，使学生明确自己当前的基础水平，明确该专题的复习目标，并且确定个体学生的训练重点。
再次，结合精心挑选的训练题进行专题复习训练。做足够数量的题，精讲精练，重在激活旧知，再塑能力。在训练中，充分发挥学生的才智和主体参与意识，师生共同总结解题的技巧、方法和规律。灌输给学生“只有会思考的学生，才是成功的学生”的理念，不断反馈复习效果，调控复习进程。
最后，教师根据复习情况，进行“过关检测”，检查该专题的复习效果。根据检测情况，分析班级整体与个体学生已经形成和目前达到的知能水平，决定是否继续进行强化训练。务必把“过关检测”落到实处。 专题复习中需要特别提出的是：必须做到讲练结合，不练不讲，讲过必练。
3.安排综合训练
除了学校安排的考试以外，我们每周再做一套综合模拟题。训练学生的应试技巧和考试能力。要注意收集各地的高考信息和模拟试题，经过精选精编，努力提高质量和针对性。评讲试卷要突出重点、难点、常错点，解决学生存在的问题。从而增强学生的自信心，强化应试技能，最终提高应试能力。
4．适时进行查漏补缺
在二轮复习中要加大查漏补缺的力度，对学生的要求是：将做过的试卷整理后，建立错题档案，弥补知识漏洞，进行强化记忆和训练。不要注重记多少题，重要的是让学生记住老师对这些题的分析，到考试前再回顾、反思、比较、消化，以期达到遇到同类试题不再出错的目的。
三、专题训练方面
1.听力训练复习方法
听力和阅读的最大不同之处在于阅读时有不清楚的地方，你可以回头再读一遍。而听力则不能，一旦没有听懂要立刻放弃，准备下一道题，否则会影响对下一句甚至整个一段的理解。要充分利用听材料前的几秒钟，先把选择题浏览一遍，迅速辨认选项之间的差异，带着预知的信息专心地、有针对性地听。如果选项中出现的是数字，同学们就应关注对话中的数字，适当地做点笔记。另外应把平时的听力训练和朗读结合起来，要熟悉所学过的词语习语和常用句型；注意语言中的连读、英音和美音的差异。每天都要坚持做一点听力训练，要利用一切可利用的资源练习听力。我们学校统一安排每周三次晚自习之前的听力(18:15-18：35)，再加上周测的听力，每周有四次听力训练，由广播统一播放，同时上课适当进行听力精听训练。
2. 完形填空复习方法
（1）注重英语基础知识和综合运用语言的能力，其中包括识词能力、阅读及理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力的训练和提高。多训练和提高独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力，要坚持定时训练和提高从全文角度甚至逾越句子通篇理解文章选择正确答案的能力。
(2)应当注意词组、习语和句型的积累、同义词的辨析。
(3)学生在做完形填空题时要先快后慢，先易后难，利用排除法等答题技巧,选项时一定要瞻前顾后，充分利用前后的暗示信息，最后还要通读，看是否有前后矛盾或表达不够完美之处。
3. 阅读理解复习方法
(1)快速阅读，整体理解，积累词汇。
(2)熟悉各类体裁和题材的文章结构和安排及其解题技巧，如记叙文、夹叙夹议、议论文、说明文。提高对 篇章整体结构的理解和推断，学会站在作者角度把握文章的脉络等；多做定时练习。
(3)提高阅读技巧和解题技巧，如阅读理解的四种基本题型、常见的设题手法。阅读题主要包括四个方面，即事实细节、概括中心、推理判断和猜测词义。
(4)训练快速阅读的能力，提高带着问题快速搜索信息，根据上下文提示进行逻辑推断的能力。多读一些原汁原味的文章，通过广泛涉猎，培养英语语感，提高对词、句、篇的理解速度和准确度。
(5)教师在平常授课时要经常给学生灌输英语国家的风土人情，历史文化，以及人们的思维模式。语言是活的，是有意境的，它不仅仅是词的堆砌和死记语法条例就能灵活掌握的。完型、阅读中的文化背景的体现是显而易见的，它贯穿在英语学习的始终。这就要求教师不但要注意对两国文化的积累而且要把它带入课堂使语言活起来，要增加自我知识的厚度、高度和深度。
4．短文改错复习方法
寻找短文改错题的规律，短文改错题的主要规律有三：第一，多词；第二，缺词；第三，错词。多词常为重复或表达不当，缺词多为句子成分残缺，或固定搭配不完整。此外，虚词的遗漏(如冠词、连词、不定式符号或助动词等)也是常考点。错词主要出现在词法、词义、句式结构、固定搭配或行文逻辑方面，其中又以词法错误最为普遍。这些错误常涉及到以下几个方面：①名词、代词的数和格；②主谓一致；③形容词或副词的用法；④冠词、介词或连词的应用；⑤动词的时态和语态及动词与介词的搭配；⑥非谓语动词的用法；⑦关系代(副)词的比较；⑧上下文逻辑错误。
5．语法填空复习方法
此题型重在考查词汇知识，考生需灵活运用词汇、语法知识来判断各空白处应填写的内容。加大对学生的训练力度，让他们了解这个新增题型的特点，总结规律，把握命题方向，同时培养他们做题的大局观并提高他们的灵活的语言综合运用能力。
6．书面表达复习方法
(1)要背、要写、要改、要问。学生要背各种文体的范文，写各种各样的文体，写了以后要按老师的意见认真去改。首先把文章改得文理通畅，基本无误；再加以修饰，用上强调，倒装，平行结构，从句；用上名言警句，呼应，中心句，用上过渡，用上个性化的语言。不明白的句子用法要敢于向老师、同学请教。
(2)写好英语简单句。要熟悉英语的五个基本句型，it句型和there be结构。每周应坚持写小作文，完成后自己先逐行改错，然后进行较高层次的整合训练，也可与同学交换进行批改。
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