专升本英语作文常用语
表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb.to
do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth.
3)It plays an important role in our life.
例如:
Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon,computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life
and we have stepped into the Computer Age.
表示变化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.
例如:
Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetable to milk
for vitamins.
表示比较
1)Compared with A,B...
2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3)There is a striking contrast between them.
例如:
Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages besides being
affordable.Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly,they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least,they contribute to
people’s health by giving them due physical exercise
表示好处
1)It has the following advantages.
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us.
例如:
Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great
benefit to us.
表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek.
5)The reason for this is that...
6)We have good reason to believe that...
例如:
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid,and they can afford what they need or like.Last but
not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
注:如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。如:Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用
中的表达失误。
表示坏处
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2)It does us much harm.
3)It is harmful to us.
例如:
However,everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching
television.
表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures.
2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.
3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
例如:
The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more
serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.
表示事实、现状
1)We cannot ignore the fact that...
2)No one can deny the fact that...
3)There is no denying the fact that...
4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5)However,that’s not the case.
例如:
We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems,we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter
laws to promote a cleaner environment.
表示数量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
2)The population in this city has now increased(decreased)to 800,000.
3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of
January.
例如:
With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people’s income
spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
再如:
From the graph listed above,itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 2008 to 20 hours in
【真题链接】Sorry, I am too busy now.If Ihad time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
【句型解读】该句型表示与现在、过去, 及将来事实可能相反的假设。其if从句的谓语形式分别为“过去时 (be用were) ”“had+过去分词”和“动词的过去时”/“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”;主句谓语形式分别为“would/should/might/could+动词原形”“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”和“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。
【温馨提醒】
●“If it were not for…I/they…would...”句型意为“如果不是……/如果没有……/要不是……, 我/他 (它) 们……就会……”。其中, “If it were not for...”是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句, were不能用was来代替。主句用“would+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。
●“If it had not been for…I/they…would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”句型意为“ (过去) 如果不是……/ (过去) 如果没有……/要不是 (过去) ……, 我/他 (它) 们……就 (可能) 会已经……”。其中, “If it had not been for...”是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。主句用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”表示虚拟语气。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.如果不是因为她不会唱歌, 我将会邀请她来参加聚会。
If___________the fact that she can'tsing, I would invite her to the party.
2.如果我的汽车性能更可靠些, 去年夏天我就会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机去了。
If my car___________more reliable, I____________to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
Keys:1.it were not for 2.had been;wouldhave driven
句式二、用介词短语表达虚拟条件的句型
【句型解读】在英语中, 除了用if从句表示虚拟的情景外, 还可以用but for“要不是”和without“没有”等介词 (短语) 来表达虚拟的条件, 相当于条件状语从句。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
没有你的慷慨帮忙, 我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。
I couldnt have gone through that bitterperiod_____________your generous help.
Key:without/but for
句式三、宾语从句使用虚拟语气的句型
【句型解读】表示“建议 (suggest, advice, propose, recommend) 、要求 (demand, request, re-quire) 、命令 (order, command) ”等主观意向的动词后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词由“should+动词原形”构成, 其中的should可以省略。
【温馨提醒】
●动词wish后接宾语从句时, 从句谓语动词可以根据对现在、将来、过去的虚拟愿望分别采用过去式 (be动词用were) 、“would/could+动词原形”“had+动词过去分词或could/would+have+动词过去分词”等形式。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.他们要求给予每个成年男子选举权。
They demanded that the right to vote__________ to every adult man.
2.彼得希望他读大学时学的是法律, 而不是文学。
Peter wishes that he__________lawinstead of literature when he was in college.
Keys:1. (should) be given 2.had studied
句式四、“it be+adj.+for/of sb.+to dosth.”句型
【真题链接】I thought it would be useful forrhim to learn Chinese at an early age.
【句型解读】结构中, 如果不定式前面的形容词说明不定式的特性, 其逻辑主语一般由for引出;若形容词是描写人的品德、素质的, 说明逻辑主语的特征, 如kind, honest, clever, wise, sensible, nice, thoughtful, brave, bold, foolish, stupid, wrong, cruel等, 则不定式的逻辑主语就用of引出。
【温馨提醒】
●有时不定式的动作执行者不是句子的主语, 此时就需要在不定式前面加一个名词或代词来充当其逻辑主语, 构成不定式的复合结构。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.我打算在大学学习艺术史, 因此访问法国对我来说是很重要的。
I plan to study history of art at university soit is important___________France.
2.我们认为他问那位女士的年龄是不礼貌的。
We think it impolite___________thelady her age.
Keys:1.for me to visit 2.of him to ask
句式五、“be+形容词+不定式”句型
【真题链接】Wewere astonished to findthe temple still in its original condition.
【句型解读】该句型中, 不定式位于作表语、表示心理活动或情绪的形容词后面, 作原因状语。
【温馨提醒】
●这样的形容词主要有:happy, kind, surprised, frightened, angry, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed, sorry, anxious, proud, clever, safe, dangerous, lucky, pleased, fortunate, right, astonished等。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
虽然看到我们很惊讶, 但是教授给了我们一个热烈的欢迎。
Though____________us, the professorgave us a warm welcome.
Key:surprised to see
句式六、“动词+it+宾语补足语 (adj./n) . (+for sb.) +不定式 (动名词或从句) ”句型
【真题链接】The fact that she was foreignmade it difficult for her to geta job in thatcountry.
【句型解读】当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时, 通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it, 而将真正的宾语移至句末, 构成该句型。
【温馨提醒】
●该句型中的动词通常是think, find, feel, believe, take, consider, make, suppose等。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.我们觉得让我们的国家成为一个更加美好的地方是我们的责任。
We____________our country a betterrplace.
2.这两个女孩长得很相似, 不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。
The two girls are so alike that strangers_________ one from the other.
Keys:1.feel it our duty to make 2.find itdifficult to tell
句式七、“动词 (have, take, put, like等) +it+that/when (if) 从句”句型
【真题链接】Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan. (江苏卷)
【句型解读】“动词 (have, take, put, like等) +it+that从句”“动词 (enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等) +it+when (if) 从句”“动词 (see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for, rely on等) +it+that从句”三类结构中的形式宾语it无实际意义, 由于英文句法结构的需要, 其后没有宾语补足语。
【温馨提醒】
●“动词 (take it for granted, bring it tosb.’s attention, owe it to sb.等) +that从句”结构中的形式宾语it也无实际意义, 其后也没有宾语补足语。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑我将非常感谢。
I’d____________you would like to teachme how to use the computer.
2.你放心, 他会来接你的。
You may____________he’ll come to meetyou.
Keys:1.appreciate it if 2.rely on it that
句式八、“状语 (方向、地点、时间副词或表示方位、地点的介词短语) +不及物动词+主语 (名词) ”句型
【真题链接】There remainsa certain doubtamong the people as to the practical value of theproject.
【句型解读】主语是名词、谓语动词是be, remain, live, come, stand, lie, exist, go, run, rush, flee, walk等不及物动词时, here, there, out, in, on, up, down, away, back, now, then等表示方向、地点、时间的副词放在句子的开头, 引起全部倒装, 描述一个生动的情景。
【温馨提醒】
●当谓语动词为be, come, sit, live, stand, lie, exist等不及物动词, 表示方位、地点的介词短语作状语置于句首时, 或当主系表结构中由表地点的介词短语所作的表语置于句首时, 也使用该句型
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.有一会儿什么也没发生, 接着就有一阵欢呼声。
For a moment nothing happened, ____________all shouting together.
2.山脚下坐落着一个村庄。
_____________a village.
Keys:1.then came voices 2.At the foot of the mountain lies
句式九、以“only+状语”开头的句子使用倒装语序的句型
【句型解读】当only位于句首, 修饰、强调状语 (副词、介词短语、从句) 时, 句子的主体部分要用部分倒装语序, 即把其中的助动词或者情态动词提到主语的前面。
【温馨提醒】
●在强调句中, 被强调部分是only所修饰的状语时, 句子的主体部分不用倒装。例如:
It wasonly when I reread his poems recent-ly thatI began to appreciate their beauty.只是在最近我重读了他的诗, 我才开始欣赏他们的美。
●如果only修饰的是句子的其他成分, 则句子的主体部分也不用倒装。例如:
Only Cinderella’s foot fitperfectly and sothe prince chose to marry her.只有灰姑娘的脚完全吻合, 于是王子娶她。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
只有那时我才真正开始感谢爸爸和他的信仰。
____________I truly begin to appreciate Dad and his faith.
Key:Only then did
句式十、“It is/was+强调部分+who/that+其他成分”句型
【真题链接】It was in New Zealand thatElizabeth first met Mr.Smith.
【句型解读】该句式是强调句型。其中, it, that/who无词汇意义, it为强调词, 引出强调成分, that/who只起语法连接作用。
【温馨提醒】
●如果被强调的部分在句子中作主语且指人时, 用who或that来连接都可以, 如果是其他成分, 则一律用that来连接。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
首先想到骑车从沿湄公河源头到终点旅游的是我的姐姐。
_______________first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.
Key:It was my sister that/who
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示, 完成句子。
1.事实上, 如果我们今天听到的话, 我们当然不能理解。
2.要不是约翰最近受伤了, 我们昨天就把他的名字填在比赛名单里了。
We would have put Johns name on the racelist yesterday___________his recent injury.
3.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了, 她父母建议她做一次体检。
Janes pale face suggested that she___________ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____________a medical examination.
4.医生认为您最好休个假。
The doctor thought it would be good_________a holiday.
5.我们认为他们在几周内完成生产计划是可能的。
We think it possible__________their production plan within a few weeks.
6.当她1960年来到贡贝时, 对女性来说住进大森林是件罕见的事情。
When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, itwas unusual___________in the forest.
7.我讨厌人们满嘴含着食物说话。
I_________people talk with their mouthsfull.
8.我喜欢秋天清爽明朗的日子。
I__________in the autumn_________theweather is clear and bright.
9.在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处是重庆——中国最大的城市之一。
10.重要的不是谁是对的, 而是什么才是对的。
【关键词】专升本 认知学习策略
在众多大学生中有这么一群学生,由于高考或填报志愿的失利,考入专科学习,经过2年或3年的在校学习,完成专科学业的学习。他们在毕业之际,各个省市的不同本科院校的不同的专业为这样的想继续学习进一步深造的学生,通过统一招生考试,进入本科2年的学习,最终完成在校的学业,这样的学生,我们都称之为专升本的学生。即大学专科(高职高专)学生进入本科学习的选拔考试的简称,也是中国教育体制大专层次学生升入本科院校的一种考试制度和学习形式。
根据我校的数据调查,专升本的学生在本科院校人数的比例仅为15%左右,他们要在一年内完成本科的英语学习,学习压力之大,学习任务之重,可想而知。随之而来的对教师提出了教学任务、教学时间,教学效果等诸多因素的挑战。
专升本学生特点是学生相当于在校本科生的大三水平,他们经过三年的专科学习及实践,在专业知识上与本科学生有过之而无不及,专科进入本科学习的学生,大多数都是专科学校比较出类拔萃的,考入本科院校,他们真心珍惜这本科的教育时光,他们学习刻苦,学习动力强,学习目标明确,学习态度端正,这些都为教学打下了良好的坚实的基础。然而,就其英语学科而言,他们的外语水平基础比较薄弱,与本科学生大相径庭。究其缘由,在专科阶段,英语学习要求按照教育部的规定达到英语能力三级即可,与本科国家教学要求相差比较大。高职高专好一点的院校英语学习能开四个学期(三年制的专科),而相当多数院校尽开设一年或一年半英语,学生在完成英语学科结业后,将有一至两年没有英语课学习,英语知识严重缩水。
“专升本”的学生有这样的感受:填高考志愿时比较糊涂,并不清楚所填专业的详细信息,也不太了解自己到底适合什么喜欢什么,但专升本时就会清醒很多,可以进行新的选择。这样看似本科学的是一样的专业,详细调查后,有理科生学文的,有文科生学经济的,五花八门,无论怎样,他们都是从自己的喜好出发,选择了“专升本”一条实现梦想的道路,即使是这条路并不是那么好走。“专升本”的学生底子稍差,略有部分学生的自控能力也较差,如何快速有效的提高完善他们适应本科学习的行为能力?如何让恐慌中的学生找到学习方向?就其这两点,我们采取了以认知语言学习策略为主的策略实施,取得了较好的效果。
一、何为语言学习策略
学习策略(learning strategies),就是学习者为了提高学习的效果和效率,有目的、有意识地制定的有关学习过程的复杂方案。外语学习研究者根据语言学习等各个方面的的探讨,语言学习策略定义为:学习者在学习一门语言时,根据自身实际情况,为了有目的地对整个学习过程进行设计、计划、组织、监控和反馈以达到最佳学习效果所采用的活动方式和手段。
二、学习策略的主动原则与内化性原则
主体性原则既是学习策略训练的目的,又是必要的方法和途径,任何学习策略的使用都倚赖于学生主动性和能动性的充分发挥(董奇,1996)。专升本学生大多数对英语学习抱着过英语四级的积极态度,但由于底子薄,运用英语的基本技能弱,多数时候学生处于一种被动状态,学习、过程、方法都由他人包办代替,学习的效果也由他人评价。所以不间断的给予学生阐明策略教学的目的和原理,使他们领会,同时,学生充分的运用学习策略的机会,并指导其分析和反思策略使用的过程与效果,以帮助其进行有效的监控。例如,在词汇教学上,死记硬背是最没有办法的办法,大多数中国学生谈此色变,没有词汇的积累,何谈听力、阅读、写作。这样,讲授词汇时,介绍词汇的来源因,词根的意义及词汇带有故事和来历。学生听起来生动有趣。英语词汇的内涵和外延,首先激起学习兴趣,逐渐的学生由谈词色变到主动知其然还要之所以然的学习主动探索的精神。其次,鼓励尊重学生,努力营造一种自由,无拘无束的氛围。在学习和教学过程,也包含了大量情感的过程。
内化性原则是指训练学生不断实践学习策略,逐步将其内化成自己的学习能力,并能在新的情境中加以灵活应用(董奇,1996)。内化过程是需要学生将所学的新策略与头脑中已有的有关策略的知识整合在一起,形成新的认识和能力。上面的词汇教学的事例也充分展示了内化原则的效果。出来知其所以然,还会不断扩展词汇在不同语境中如习语,俚语的表达的含义,这样学生真正的掌握并运授之以渔的策略,达到教学效果的延伸。
总之,好的学习策略和认知能让学生更主动地参与学习活动,学习策略决定学习的方法,而认知风格决定着学习的态度。很多智力习惯、技能习惯、策略习惯就会潜移默化到学生的思想中去,主动学习的习惯就会逐渐形成。
参考文献:
[1]陈琦,刘儒德.当代教育心理学[M].北师大出版社.2004.
While you are here, well provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. Youll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home. So we could go to school together by bike. At noon well eat at the school dining hall. Im sure youll like the delicious Chinese food there,and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing ball games or swimming. Itll be a lot of fun.
If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. Well try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
As everybody knows that the traffic problems in ourcity become more and more serious. During the rush-hours every morning and afternoon, the roads are verycrowded. There are traffic jams almost on every mainroad. The accident rate becomes higher than before. Ithink that it is high time for the city government to takesome measures to solve this problem.
First of all, we should repair the roads, for some ofthe roads are in bad condition and it is difficult for thedrivers to go through. Secondly, we should build more overpasses so as to cut down traffic jams. Thirdly,the pro-duction of cars should be controlled, for there are toomany cars moving on the roads every day. As long as wedo something like this, the traffic problem will be solvedor at least the accident rate will be lowered. I do hope ourgovernment will accept my suggestions.
第一篇:
金钱是一切吗?In Money Everything?
I don‘t think money is everything,but we can’t do without it.Fox example,money can‘t buy us happiness and a good education.And for another example,money can’t buy us good health and a l
ong life.But we can not live without money.We need it for our daily necessities such as food,clothes and transportation.What‘s more,we need it to live a better life.In short,we should learn the value of money and make the most of its advantages.第二篇:
1.一些人喜欢住在城市,因为城市生活有许多便利。
2.但有些人喜欢住在农村。
3.我认为,„„
Where to live —in the City or in the Country
Some people like living in the city because city life has many advantages.They think there are more job opportunities in cities,life there is more colorful and meaningful than that in the country,and there are more modern conveniences in cities for people to enjoy.But some other people prefer to live in the countryside.They say life in the countryside is closer to nature and better for their health,life there is quieter and that country people are more honest than city people.I would like to live in a city when I am young to earn enough money and I live in the countryside when I am old for having a quite life.第三篇:
你叫李平,是英语系学生会主席。写一封信给王教授,请他做一个有关中国历史的报告。注意信中要包括目的、时间、日期和地点。
成人高考培训:
Ⅴ。Writing
May 19,2002
Dear Professor Wang:
On behalf of the Student Union of the English Department,I am writing to invite you to give a lecture on Chinese history.We have planned to have such a lecture at 2:30 p.m.in Lecture Hall 419,on May 25.Looking forward to your lecture.Inform us in advance if you can not come.Sincerely yours,Li Ping
第四篇:
男女应该平等吗?(Should Men and Women Be Equal?)
Should Men and Women Be Equal?
People have different ideas about this issue,Some people say that men are superior to women in ability because men are physically stronger,do most of the hard labor in the world and hold most important positions.Other people believe that women have the ability to compete with men.There have been many famous women state leaders and great scientists in the world.We should fully carry out the principle “to each according to his work” so that the enthusiasm of both men and women for work can be fully aroused.第五篇:
1.在中国,自行车是最为流行的交通工具。
2.骑自行车有许多好处。
3.自行车的未来„„
The Bicycle in China
成人高考培训:
The bicycle is the most popular means of transportation in China.China is a country “on
bicycle wheels”。People ride them for various purposes such as going to and from school and work.Bicycles are very cheap and easy to buy in China.There are many advantages to riding a bicycle.First,using a bicycle can greatly help reduce the air pollution in many big cities.Second,people can improve their health by riding a bicycle.The future of bicycle will be bright.In some European countries,city governments have arranged pedestrians to use “public bicycles” to travel round the city center free of charge.第六篇:
你是Helen,要写一封信给Julie,对她和她的丈夫昨日请你和你丈夫吃饭表示感谢,表示要回请他们,以答谢他们的盛情款待。
Dear Julie:
Thank you very much for the dinner that you invited my husband and I to yesterday.The food not only looked and smelled fabulous but tasted great,and my husband and I enjoyed it very much.Therefore,we would like to invite you to dinner at 7 p.m.this Friday at the Northwest Chinese restaurant to return your kindness and hospitality.Please do come.Yours,Helen
第七篇:
1.假冒伪劣商品是个严重问题。
2.一些原因导致了这种现象。
3.为了扫除假冒伪劣商品,„„
成人高考培训:
Fake Commodities
Fake and poor quality commodities are a serious problem.Many things can be faked such as soybean sauce,vinegar,bicycles,and many other things.The interests of consumers are affected,and many enterprises keep losing money because of cheap fake commodities.There are some reasons for such a phenomenon.The major one is the desire of some people to “make easy money”。These people think nothing of the law of the protection of intellectual property rights.To get rid of fake and poor quality commodities,the government should educate people to obey the law of the protection of individual intellectual property rights and not to sell any fake goods.The government should punish severely and close down all the factories producing fake goods.第八篇:
你是Alice.你的朋友Bonnie很快就要到你的乡间小屋拜访,但你却要出去一会儿。留一张便条给她,告诉她食品在哪儿,告诉她一个人在屋里时应注意些什么。
May 18,2002
Dear Bonnie:
I will be away for a while.The key to the cottage is under the doormat,and the food is in the refrigerator.After entering the house,lock the door from inside at once.The cottage is far away from the nearest town,and the area is not quite safe from burglars.So I think the saying is right “Where there is precaution,there is no danger”。
Have a nice stay here.Yours,Alice
关键词:大学英语教学,专升本,教学策略
一、引言
我校是一所刚从专科升格为本科的院校。升格给学校带来生机和希望的同时也带来了压力。作为刚升格的高等院校,我校还未完全从专科型院校转变成本科型院校,目前还处于一个过渡期。在本阶段,要想真正实现和完成从专科型向本科型的转变,要想在教育领域具有较强的竞争力,提高师资队伍的建设和教学质量是当务之急。我校专升本三年来,在各方面都有了很大的改观,但本专科在教学上存在极大的差异。作为一名大学英语教师,我想借此契机通过分析本专科英语教学的差异及教学对策,探讨如何实现英语教学从专科型向本科型的转变,这对我院发展具有现实意义。
二、大学英语与专科英语教学差异
1. 学生层次不同。
专科生在大学入学总分上就大大低于本科生,有的之所以没有进入本科,主要原因就是外语一项较弱,甚至是较差。大多数专科生认为自己基础比较薄弱,容易产生自卑心理并因此排斥学习。因为基础差就难以听懂老师所传授的英语知识,听不懂又反过来加重学生的自卑心理。与此同时,语言的学习又是一个枯燥乏味的过程,这样就形成恶性循环,英语教学往往收不到应有的效果。这样本科生与专科生的英语水平呈现出阶梯状。另外,本科生的外语水平相对较为整齐,入学时的英语基础较扎实,学习的主动性强,他们已具备较大词汇量、丰富的语法知识及较强的阅读理解能力,而专科学生的差异略大,学习的主动性和英语各项基本技能普遍较弱。
2. 学习目的不同。
本科生入学时英语底子也不算太厚实,在专业领域里也无特别建树,因此学好本专业的课程,打好英语基础,两年后通过全国大学英语四、六级考试成了他们的自觉行为。他们在英语听、说、读、写、译各项技能较弱的情况下,在大学一、二年级时对各种类型的英语课较为重视,各方面的提高也较为显著。这种学习能带给学生一种心理上的满足感和自豪感,他们能看到自己的进步,从而提高学习兴趣,增强学习信心。同时考研也逐渐成为他们奋斗的下一个目标,并期望以后能出国深造。而专科生则不然。
3. 五种语言技能要求的差异。
《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求(试行)》把听、说、读、写、译五种能力的培养分为两个层次:标准要求和过渡要求。[3](P1-9)而本科《大学英语课程教学要求(试行)》则在听、说、读、写、译五种能力方面分三个层次,即一般要求、较高要求和更高要求。还指出:各高等学校要培养学生的英语综合应用能力,特别重视听说能力的培养和训练。[2](P1-8)
三、教学对策
差异是客观存在的。如何从教学目标的转变来调整自己的教学方向和教学方法,是摆在外语教学理论工作者和广大外语教师面前一个现实而又紧迫的课题,是实现专科型向本科型转变的关键。[4](P25-28)
1. 对教材要扬优补缺,落实本科英语教学。
教材作为教学工具和教师完成教学任务的依据,在教学活动中是必不可少和十分重要的。不过无论教材有多好,教师考虑得有多全面,都不可能完全适合每一个班、每一个学生或每一个教师,在教学过程中总会有这样或那样的问题。当教师认为教材内容及其编排对学生不适合时,可以采取删除、替代、补充和改编等方法来解决。[1](P68-69)针对我校这种刚由传统的专科型院校跨入本科行列的高等学校而言,英语教材的使用和选择往往存在这样或那样的问题。在选择教材的过程中如果采用以上方法还不能令使用者满意的话,就可以尝试由任课教师根据生源的具体情况自行编写教材。这样的教材不一定要公开发行,但一定要有的放矢,更重要的是要考虑如何渐渐走出专科型教学的模式,并在潜移默化中与本科型教学模式接轨。让师生在教学中既不感到教材的落伍,又不会因为教材的难度及要求的提高而感到无所适从,从而在教材上实现英语教学由专科型向本科型的转变。[1](P68-69)
目前我院使用的本科教材是外研社出版的《新视野大学英语》(第二版),该教材是目前我国大学英语教学界的几种主流本科教材之一,我在使用该教材以来,对其优点有了一定的了解:其中的《读写教程》和《听说教程》内容新颖,题材多样,语言规范,贴近生活,便于学生模仿,再加上配套的教学软件,补充了大量的有知识性和趣味性的读、写、译练习,我在教学中充分利用这些优点,使用“任务型模式”,引导学生把练习当作一个学习过程来享受,而不是当作测试。《听说教程》和《读写教程》在口头表达、听力技能方面加强与精读同一主题的训练,并引导学生表演一些英语节目,同一语域的词汇得到有效的扩大,提高了学生的兴趣。
2. 课堂教学上要转变教学模式,提高教学效率。
成功的课堂教学是教学质量不断提高的前提和保证,也是激发学生学习兴趣及教师的教学热情、挖掘教师教学潜力、提高教师教学水平最直接、最有效的方法。考虑到本科教学要求及学生的实际,我们采取了分课型的教学模式,即开设了读写及听说两种不同的课程,两种课程并重。我们的学生绝大部分具备了一定的自学能力,对于读写课,我们可以将教材及补充的文字材料布置给学生课下阅读,教材的练习也让学生课下做好,教师在课上只作必要的检查,解决重点和难点问题,尽量挤出时间让学生进行实践活动,如:口头或笔头翻译、作文、分组作专题演讲、辩论、表演等。有一个比较突出的问题是:班级人数太多,教师对学生个体的关注机会减少。在目前情况下,最好的办法就是将学生分成小组,除教师讲解外,其他活动都以小组为单位进行。[7](P146-147)我们的学生最薄弱之处就是听说。原因在于听的机会少,听不懂,大脑储存信息太少,不知该如何表达自己的思想,不敢说,怕出错。应尽可能分小班上听说课,班级人数少,较容易营造缓和融洽的课堂气氛,消除学生的心理障碍,教师对学生的个别辅导次数增多,学生练习机会也增多,准确率会增高,学生说话的兴趣和积极性也会随之增高。
3. 教师要更新教学观念,提高自身素质。
“教师的教学水平取决于两个方面:他自己的语言熟练程度和他在语言教学方法和技巧方面的知识和经验”[5](P56)。长期以来,大学英语教师大都担任着繁重的教学任务,缺乏时间和精力进行相应的专门训练,大多教师忙于日常教学工作,对语言学理论和外语教学理论了解甚少,因此教学成绩当然受到教师掌握专业程度的影响。同时,教师原来所面对的教学对象是专科学生,教学要求也相对低些。现在,对象不同了,要求也变了,老经验和老办法不能解决所有的新问题,我们必须思考应对策略。
高等院校的教师,特别是本科院校的教师不能只停留在按部就班地根据教材完成每学期的教学任务。一名称职的高校教师不仅应该具有全面而较高的专业知识水平及较强的课堂教学组织能力,还应该是一位从理论到实践的教学理论的学习、研讨和探索者,应该是帮助学生树立新的学习理念、培养学生获取终身学习能力的行家里手。首先,教师要更新教学观念,遵循以学生为主的教学原则,树立培养学生能力的教学思想,树立以学生为中心的教育观念,一改“翻译式”、“灌输式”的课堂教学方式为“启发式”、“诱导式”和通过解决问题来学习的“研究式”。教师对教学活动的设计既要结合培养目标又考虑学生兴趣,同时也要给学生提供机会参与教学设计的空间,形成以学生为中心的民主性学习局面。其次,我们还要创新教学方式,应通过课堂教学、课堂实录、教学反思、学生课业反馈、课堂观察、课堂评教、教师间相互听课、教学经验交流等手段,大胆剖析自己英语教育成败的因素,激发起对教育、教学问题的兴趣,培养对课堂英语教育问题的敏感性和问题意识。另外,作为英语教师,我们不仅要有精深的专业知识和广博的科学文化知识,还应具有一定的科研能力。广大英语教师只有更加自觉地刻苦学习,勇于探索和实践,以教学带动科研,以科研促进教学,才能不断提高自身的素质和专业教学水平,在外语教育改革中发挥积极的作用。[6](P110-111)
四、结语
综上所述,我认为要真正地从专科英语向本科英语教学转化,关键是如何协调教师、学生、教材和教学环境之间的关系,以及合理配置资源,使有限的投入产生出较大的效益,如何从教学目标的转变来调整自己的教学方向和教学方法。学校由专科升本科,教师的教育思想观念也要升格,要具备本科教学意识,加强自我进修,提高自身素质,明确教学目的,在具体的英语教学过程中依据教学大纲的要求开展教学工作,尊重教学规律,以人的素质培养为主旨,灵活地使用教学法和教学手段,立足于教学实际,对原来专科大学英语教学的现状进行改革,使“专升本”院校的大学英语教学跨上一个新台阶。
参考文献
[1]高桦.关于实现英语教学从专科型向本科型转变的思考[J].遵义师范学院学报, 2004, 6 (1) :68-69.
[2]教育部高等教育司.大学英语课程教学基本要求[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2007.
[3]教育部高等教育司.高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[4]刘成, 谈玉光.当前我国大学英语教学面临的问题及对策[J].外语与外语教学, 2003, (9) :25-28.
[5]威尔金斯著.刘幼怡, 李宝现译.外语学习与教学的原理[M].国际文化出版社, 1987.
[6]吴玉梅.高校英语教师的作用及素质[J].安徽工业大学学报 (社会科学版) , 2003, 20 (6) :110-111.
Come in,please. 请进。
Sit down,please. 请坐。
It’s time for class. 上课时间到了。
Is everybody here? 都到齐了吗?
I’ll call the roll before class. 课前我要点名。
Here! 到!
Open your books and turn to page 20. 打开书,翻到第20页。
Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日?
Has everybody got a sheet? 每个人都拿到材料了吗?
Any different opinion? 有不同意见吗?
Are you with me? 你们能跟上我讲的吗?
Have I made myself clear? 我讲明白了吗?
Could you say it again? 你能再说一遍吗?
Any questions? 有什么问题吗?
Put up your hand before asking a question. 提问之前请先举手。
That’s all for today. 今天就讲到这里。
Please turn in your paper before leaving. 请在离开前将论文交上。
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